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There is a wonderful architecture bug in the park. Thanks for the help - samples, examples. Violation of lexical compatibility

Ready-made texts (23 samples) of a full-fledged letter of thanks for the assistance provided.

All names, surnames, names of organizations, cities and addresses are used solely for the convenience of presentation. Do not forget to insert your data in their place.

Option number 1

to CEO

Charitable

Fund "Atlantis" O. I. Apkin

Dear Oleg Ilyich!

I express my heartfelt gratitude for the charitable help and support provided to the orphanage children.

I sincerely wish the realization of all your good intentions, good health, prosperity and happiness to you, your relatives and friends.

Director of GBU SPDP "Skvorets"

in the Altai municipal

M. I. Zueva

Option number 2

to CEO

"Piggy Bank International"

A. S. Gorbunov

The administration of GBOU School No. 123 and preschool unit No. 3 expresses sincere gratitude to "Piggy Bank International" in the person of General Director A.S. Gorbunov for assistance in purchasing hygiene items for children for the smallest kindergarten pupils.

Patronage in Russia has always been considered an honorable occupation. So let your nobility and participation in the life of the preschool department return to you a hundredfold.

You donate not just material values, you give a happy childhood to our kids.

Thank you so much! All the best and prosperity to you!

Director of the State Budgetary Educational Institution "School No. 123"

O.S. Murlykina

Option number 3

Kashirin Yuri Mikhailovich!

Deputy of the City Duma

Lipetsk city

Dear Yuri Mikhailovich!

The administration of the central district of the city of Lipetsk expresses its gratitude to you for providing assistance in organizing the educational process, strengthening the material and technical base, preparing the educational institutions of the district for the new 2018-2019 academic year and fruitful social partnership.

We wish you well-being, prosperity, health and look forward to further cooperation.

Head of Administration

V.I. Goncharov

Option number 4

Municipal educational institution

additional education for children Sukhumi Children's Art School expresses its deep gratitude

Olga Sergeevna Pchelina, President of the Corporation of Realtors Mera Service for sponsorship.

We wish you happiness, health, new victories, financial well-being and look forward to further cooperation.

Director

I. V. Smirnov

Option number 5

Dear Maxim Yurievich!

The board of the public organization of disabled people "Zhiznolyub" expresses its heartfelt gratitude to you for your attentive attitude towards us - people with disabilities and material disabilities, for the charitable assistance in organizing a festive event dedicated to the Day of Disabled Persons in 2019

We wish you and your team good health, energy, optimism, success in work, happiness, financial well-being and good luck in everything.

Yours faithfully,

Chairman of the Board

V. V. Sleptsov

Option number 6

Municipal cultural institution "Library System"

Chapaevsky district, Yelets

expresses gratitude

Elena Goncharova

Deputy of the City Duma of Yelets

for providing financial assistance in carrying out the current repair of the branch of the library. M. Gorky (Troekurovskaya st., 1)

Director of MUK BS

Chapaevsky district, Yelets

T.I. Smirnov

Option number 7

We express our sincere gratitude

Individual entrepreneur Popov Maxim Yurievich

for the help provided to the children of the Orphanage, for the generosity and breadth of the soul!

Let what was given to children today return to you tomorrow multiplied.

Chief physician

I. V. Samoilova

Option number 8

Thanks

Smirnov Ilya Vladimirovich,

General Director of LLC "Woman-guru",

for the sponsored assistance provided by the Lebedyanskaya secondary educational school.

Head teacher

S. K. Stepanova

Option number 9

Public Association Union of Veterans of St. Petersburg "Blockade"

Expresses gratitude to Anastasia Vladimirovna Vasilyeva

to the director of Balance JSC for the humanitarian assistance provided to the needy veterans.

Please accept our kindest and most sincere wishes for peace, warmth, health, joy and success.

We look forward to our further cooperation and your active participation!

Chairman of the Public

Association "Blockade"

L. Yu. Belova

Option number 10

The agricultural department of the administration of the Leningrad Region "Volosovsky District" thanks LLC "Cat in a Sack" for the sponsorship provided.

With your support, you make an invaluable contribution to development Agriculture Volosovsky district, you keep the traditions of patronage.

Let the words of gratitude from rural workers serve as your reward for your noble cause. "

Head of Agricultural

administration of the Leningrad region

"Volosovsky district"

A. N. Udachkin

Option number 11

Public pedagogical children's and youth movement of the Kalinin Territory "Insight"

expresses sincere gratitude and gratitude to Antonina Pavlovna Savelova, educator of the preschool educational institution " Kindergarten No. 35 ", Kalinin for providing charitable assistance to children who, by the will of fate, have received serious oncological diseases.

Your active participation in the preparation of the Charity Auction helps not only to alleviate the condition of seriously ill children, but also to change their fate for the better, to make it possible to rejoice without pain and suffering!

May your good deeds return to you with luck, success and prosperity, and there will always be health, joy and happiness in your life!

Chairman of OD "Prozrenie"

Z. M. Belousova

Option number 12

Dear Tatyana Innokentievna!

We express our gratitude to you and your team for the assistance provided and wish you peace of mind, heartfelt joy, achievement of all goals and good luck in all your endeavors and undertakings.

Head of the "Mir" society

P. A. Zarubin

Option number 13

To the charitable

Fund "Help",

Petrov Ivan Sidorovich

We express our sincere gratitude to you for your sponsorship in the implementation of the "Touching a Dream" project.

May your kindness and generosity be doubly rewarded.

We believe that everyone who does deeds of mercy will certainly receive a good reward in his life.

Yours faithfully,

Director

O. G. Muralov

Option number 14

Dear Anna Vasilievna!

We express to you, the staff of your school, students and their parents sincere, deep gratitude for the charitable assistance provided to orphans, children in difficult life situations.

It is very pleasant to realize that in our difficult times there are people who are ready to help and lend a helping hand.

Happy New Year and Merry Christmas!

Director of the boarding school

A. Yu. Zabotina

Option number 15

Director of StroyFasadRemont LLC

Savelieva I.V.

Dear Izabella Vasilievna!

We sincerely thank you for your help in the construction of the church of St. Abramius of Smolensk.

Through the prayers of Saint Abramius, the Lord will bless and have mercy on you and your relatives, and grant peace to your home and your souls. May the hand of the giver not fail. May the mercy of God always be on you and your family.

Cleric of the temple in the name of the saint

Avramiy of Smolensky,

a priest

Afanasy Ivanov

Option number 16

Dear Egor Egorovich!

The Ministry of Health of the Republic of Adygea expresses gratitude to you and your team for providing medical care to the population of the Republic of Adygea and provided sponsorship in organizing a solemn event dedicated to the celebration of the Day of the Medical Worker.

We wish your team good health, interesting ideas and their implementation, high-profile successes, reliable partners and business prosperity.

We look forward to further cooperation.

Yours faithfully,

S. K Sidorov

Option number 17

Dear Pavel Pavlovich!

On behalf of the population of many thousands of the Razmetelevo Vagonostroitelny District and on my own behalf, let me express my heartfelt gratitude for the financial and organizational assistance in holding events to celebrate the anniversary of the region and the Day of the Carriage Builder.

We wish the collective of your enterprise health, happiness, good luck, financial well-being and hope for further mutual understanding and fruitful cooperation.

Yours faithfully,

Head of Administration

K. A. Kuzmin

Option number 18

The Kemerovo regional trade union organization of education and science workers of the Russian Federation expresses its sincere gratitude to the trade union organization MOBU “Secondary School No. 194 named after N. Nekrasov "for the assistance provided to the injured members of the trade union subsequently floods in the Potemkinsky district.

We wish you success in your work and active trade union activity.

Chairman of the district

Trade-union organizations

A. N. Kopeikina

Option number 19

Central TV Center for Creativity thanks Simonov Eduard Petrovich - chairman of the jury of the competition "Young Artists" for the assistance in organizing and holding the competition.

We wish you creative inspiration, new wonderful ideas and the achievement of new heights.

Director of the Central TV Center "Creativity Center"

R. R. Kuzina

Option number 20

The Sports Department of the city of Tambov expresses its gratitude to Larionova Galina Gennadievna, the teacher of technology "Lyceum No. 3 of Tambov" for her assistance in creating a puppet theater for the city library No. 8 "Library system of the city of Tambov"

Head of Sports Department

of the city of Tambov

A. K. Anisimova

Option number 21

Dear Antonina Vyacheslavovna!

The creative team "Murzinka" wholeheartedly expresses its sincere gratitude to you for your help in providing the collective with concert costumes for participation in the competition in sports dancing "New Talents", as well as for help in preparing participants for the competition.

Thank you for your responsiveness, for kind heart, for the creativity and dedication with which you helped us to solve the tasks. May all your dreams come true, plans come true, goals are achieved. We wish you and your loved ones all the best.

Yours faithfully,

creative team leader

R.O. Voronova

Option number 22

Dear Ilya Borisovich!

Please accept our sincere gratitude for your help and assistance in purchasing plumbing fixtures and repair services for the Vera boarding school for children with disabilities.

Thanks to you, our boarding school has changed, the quality of life of children has undoubtedly increased, and caring for the smallest has become noticeably easier for the staff.

We sincerely wish you all the brightest that this world can offer.

Yours faithfully,

Director of the boarding school "Vera"

O. L. Agibalova

Option number 23

Dear Ivan Prokhorovich!

The director, teachers, students of school No. 1155 in Tver are sincerely grateful to the "Raduga" publishing house and to you personally for helping in the dissemination of information and the production of advertising posters for the action "Protect the animals of our yard".

Thanks to you, a lot of people learned about the action, and we were able to implement our plans. The effect of the action exceeded all our expectations and we are shocked by the professionalism of your work and the creativity of your team.

We wish you to take all the planned heights, solve all problems, flourish and delight the inhabitants of our city with the wonderful results of your labor.

With sincere hope for further cooperation

and respect,

Director of School No. 1155, Tver

F.Z. Taburetkina

• In the header (top of the page) of each letter, before the main text should be indicated - "Letter of thanks"
• You can make the letter more soulful by adding warm words of wishes and (health, happiness, prosperity, prosperity, success, etc.) to the text.
• When designing, the text of the letter is laid out in the center of the page.
• The name of the organization and the position of the person in charge are placed at the bottom left of the page (after the text)
• The initials and the surname itself are placed on the right edge at the bottom of the page (signature and seal - in the middle at the bottom)
• The very last on the page (at the very bottom) should be: the name of the city and the date (you can leave only the year, or you can specify the entire date)

This methodological development is intended for conducting a lesson in the Russian language with students of the 1st course in the specialty 31.02.03 Laboratory diagnostics.

The topic of methodical work belongs to the section "Lexicon and phraseology".

IN work program it has been given two hours. This methodological development repeats theoretical information about vocabulary; spelling skills are improved; the skills of analytical work with the word as part of speech are consolidated. In development, control questions, a system of exercises and practical assignments, summarizing tables are given, creative assignments are included.

This system of exercises and tasks is aimed at achieving from students a complete understanding of the theoretical data and the ability to use this data both in oral and written speech.

Consideration of possible speech errors(in stress, pronunciation, word usage), special exercises have been developed to prevent them.

Completing the tasks offered in this manual will help students to improve their speech culture and improve literacy.

Download:

Preview:

State budgetary professional educational institution

Department of Health of the city of Moscow

"Medical College No. 1"

(GBPOU DZM "MK No. 1")

Branch number 1

Methodical development

in Russian language and literature

for 1st year students in the specialty 31.02.03 Laboratory diagnostics

MOSCOW

2017

Developed on the basis of the Federal State Educational Standard of Secondary Vocational Education in the specialty:

02/31/03 "Laboratory diagnostics"

Developers:

GBPOU DZM MK No. 1 teacher I.А. Karginova ___

Reviewer:

________________ ____________________ _______________

(place of work) (position held) (initials, surname)

This methodological development is intended for conducting a lesson in the Russian language with students of the 1st course in the specialty 31.02.03Laboratory diagnostics.

The topic of methodical work belongs to the section "Lexicon and phraseology".

In the working program, two hours are allotted for it. In this methodological development, theoretical information about the vocabulary is repeated; spelling skills are improved; the skills of analytical work with the word as part of speech are consolidated. In the development, control questions, a system of exercises and practical tasks have been compiled, summarizing tables are provided, creative tasks are included.

This system of exercises and tasks is aimed at achieving from students a complete understanding of the theoretical data and the ability to use this data both in oral and written speech.

A special place is occupied by the consideration of possible speech errors (in stress, pronunciation, word usage), special exercises have been developed to prevent them.

Completing the tasks offered in this manual will help students to improve their speech culture and improve literacy.

	section	pp
	Explanatory note
	Methodological block
	Information block
	Literature
	Applications

for the lesson

1. Come to the office where the lesson will take place 2-3 minutes before it starts.
2. Examine the study, make sure that everything is ready for the lesson: what is the sanitary condition of the study, is the furniture nicely arranged, is the board clean, are the visual aids in place? Do not turn this element of the lesson into an empty formality.
3. Try to show students the beauty and attractiveness of organizing a class.
4. Don't waste time looking for your subject page in a class magazine. This can be done before class.
5. Start your activity vigorously. Do not ask students the question: "Who did not complete their homework?" This will train students to think that failure to homework- it is inevitable. Make sure that every student from the beginning of the lesson to the end of it is busy with business, does not remain without work.
6. Captivate students with interesting content of the material, make sure all students are able to work at a given pace, help the weak to believe in themselves. Keep the entire group in sight. Especially watch out for those with erratic attention, who are distracted. Prevent attempts to disrupt the work order.
7. Address a little more often with questions to those students who may be doing an extraneous matter.
8. Do not allow students to ask questions that require choral answers.
9. When motivating grades, give your words a business-like and motivated character, and instruct the student on what to work on in class or after class. Check if he understood your instructions; check how they are done. This will teach you disciplined work. The student will get used to the fact that the instructor's instructions must be followed.
10. Objectively assess the student's knowledge. Stop calling. Continuing classes during recess is unacceptable. This leads to unnecessary fatigue and discipline in children.
11. Keep yourself in the class with dignity, seriously, do not allow unnecessary jokes and witticisms.
12. Be calm, don't be nervous, or excite the group with harsh remarks or shouts. To maintain the discipline of individual students, a teacher's gaze or a calm remark without irritation and without raising their voice is enough. Remember, the best remark to a student is a remark without words: a puzzled or surprised look, a pause in the story.
13. During the lesson, face the group so that the students see and realize that they are always under the supervision of the teacher. This provides the necessary business contact between the teacher and the group.
14. Do not make general comments, as a rule, no one responds to them. Comments should be addressed to specific offenders. Do not make frequent remarks, learners will adapt to them. It is better to change the type of activity in the lesson, for example, give some independent assignment, and at this time adjust your further work in the lesson.
15. Avoid awkward or funny postures, do not walk continuously in front of the group, do not turn your back to the group when using a whiteboard or visual aids.
16. When presenting the content of the material, do not take your gaze to the side, but carefully look at the students, observing their work and behavior.
17. Teach in a cultured way — always use a pointer, don’t rub the chalk off the board with your hand, and make sure students don’t wipe the board with their hands either. By their behavior and appearance, the teacher should serve as an example for students. Always be neat, modest and strictly dressed.
18. Avoid familiarity with students, strive to establish relationships based on trust and respect.
19. Watch your actions and try not to make mistakes, and if you made a mistake, then do not be ashamed to admit it and immediately correct it.
20. Do not leave a single disciplinary violation unresponsive. Think carefully about the choice and adoption of measures for each student's misconduct, taking into account the nature of the violation, the circumstances that gave rise to it, and individual characteristics... You should not make comments in an indifferent tone or carelessly.
21. Learn to give your voice the right intonation.
22. The lesson lasts 90 minutes and requires a lot of nervous tension from the teacher all the time. In this regard, it is necessary to provide for small pauses in the lesson, allowing the teacher to focus on the further stages of the lesson. But there can be a pause for the teacher for the lesson only during the period of students' independent work. Therefore, it is desirable to provide for such tasks.
23. To strengthen the discipline, it is advisable to think over tasks for students, forcing them to "take the pen" and make notes in notebooks. At these moments, the student focuses on the content of the lesson.

Lesson motivation

The main purpose of this lesson- preparation of students for the successful passing of the exam in the Russian language and literature.
Forms of work in class: frontal survey, independent work, group work, individual work.
Methods: visual, verbal, reproductive, explanatory and illustrative, partially search.
The lesson implements the principles: accessibility, visibility, scientific character.

This material has not only spelling significance, but also has stylistic significance. Students often make mistakes in the use of one or another ending in different parts of speech. The reason for this lies in ignorance of the rules, in speech negligence. Therefore, it is required to place special emphasis on this particular side of the educational material.
Interdisciplinary connections: literature, history.
The tasks offered in the lesson are aimed at enriching vocabulary and developing students' speech.

A creative task for work in groups involves the further development of the skills of expressive, figurative speech and literate writing.
For the development of cognitive interest, students are offered creative tasks. To develop the skills of control and self-control, the trainers are offered tasks for subsequent verification and self-verification and tasks for editing the texts of sentences.
During the lesson, a computer presentation is used.
Means of activation: a living word of the teacher, practical work, creative tasks, independent work, differentiated tasks, TCO
The lesson is designed for students with an average pace of work.

After studying the topic "Word in the lexical system of the language" must know:
1. the lexical meaning of words, as well as the definition of such linguistic concepts as homonyms, homographs, spelling, vocabulary;

2. orthoepic norms;

3. definition of such concepts as synonyms, paronyms, antonyms;

4. concepts: "syncwine", antonyms, synonyms, paronyms;

5. peculiarities of completing written homework according to the proposed goal setting.

Should be able to:
1. apply the skills of stating stress in words, based on orthoepic rules;

do morphological analysis nouns;
2. correctly determine the stress;

3. clearly and clearly state their position;

4. compose a "syncwine", determine the correct lexical meaning of words, recognize the sphere of the use of words, be able to make stable combinations;

5. analyze your own activities.

Will have experience:
1. in the presentation of their thoughts;
2. in the development of the ability to answer problematic questions, to argue the answers.

	Stages of the lesson	Learning tasks	Developmental tasks	Educational tasks
	Organizing time
	Goal setting
	Knowledge update
	Types of work:
	1) testing knowledge of theory
	2) practical work
	3) work in groups
	4) individual work
	5) work with cards
	Summarizing
	Homework
	Assessment of the emotional state of students in the classroom

Chronocard

		Time (min)
	Organizational moment
	Frontal poll
	Message
	Vocabulary dictation
	Exercise
	Creative task
	Work on cards
	Work with text
	Test
	Securing the material
	Home assignment. Lesson summary
TOTAL

Methodical goal:creating conditions for the formation of skills in the transfer of theoretical knowledge and skills in new situations

Lesson objectives:

• To systematize the knowledge of students about the vocabulary of the Russian language;
• develop cognitive interests and skills of analytical and synthetic work of students through the formation of skills to work in a team and team, to interact with partners.
• Raise interest and love for the Russian language

Methods: reproductive, productive, heuristic.

Intra-subject communications:topics of the sections "Orthoepy", "Grammar", "Phonetics".

Tasks:
Educational:

• the formation of the ability to distinguish vocabulary in the language system, to ask a question, to determine the means of communication;
• the formation of spelling and punctuation skills.
  Developing:
• development of monologue skills;
• development of the ability to formulate and reasonably answer questions.
  Educational:
• promoting the formation of interest in the Russian language.
  

Occupation type: s The concept of generalization and systematization of knowledge.

Course of the lesson
Organizational moment
Declaring the purpose of the lesson

I. Vocabulary dictation

Vary, lotion, manifest, announcement, duty, three-story, four-story, save, super-refined, supernatural, ideological, overeat, lunch, bilingual, two-story, pre-jubilee, traveled half the city, peers, peers, ate half a lemon, sharpened blue-red pencil cut off half a cucumber, nine-point storm.

II. Word in the lexical system of the language

Conversation with trainees:

What language unit does the "Vocabulary" section study? (word).

What is a word? (a sound or a combination of sounds with a certain LZ and GZ)

How many meanings does a word have? (Two - LZ and GZ)

What is the lexical meaning of a word and how to determine it?

The word is multifaceted: it can be viewed from different angles. The word sounds - its sound composition is studied by phonetics, morphemicsstudies the morphemic composition of the language, in morphology the word is presented as a part of speech, in the syntax the role of the word in the construction of syntactic units - SS and sentences is clarified. The lexical meaning of a word is actually not easy to determine. People have been thinking about this problem since ancient times. We understand LZ as the main meaning, its content, understandable to all native speakers.

What are the functions of words in a language? (naming function - the word means something: an object, an action, a sign, a state, a phenomenon, a number, or indications of them). Service function - words are linked in ss and sentences. Emotional - words express not only concepts, but also feelings.

What ways of explanation, interpretation of LZ words do you know?

Comments:

Selection of words (synonyms) close in lexical meaning: dunes - continental dunes, hills; punctual - accurate;

short description: fan - small hand, usually folding, fan, unfolded, having the shape of a semicircle;

selection of one-root words that explain the meaning: obliquely - in an oblique direction, obliquely;

selection of words with the opposite meaning (antonyms): alive - dead;

visual image (drawing or photograph).

In which dictionaries can you find an explanation of the lexical meaning of words? (sensible).

What is the difference between unambiguous and ambiguous words? (answer in terms).

What is the direct and figurative meaning of the word? (the main, the main meaning of the word is direct meaning... the figurative meaning is secondary, associated with the direct in meaning and arising from it) ..

REMEMBER:

Name transfers occur:

1) by the similarity of shape, color, internal properties, qualities: a hand is an artist's brush, solid earth is a solid word.

2) by function: a fire is on - a light is on, a bird's wing is an airplane wing.

3) by the adjacency of temporal, spatial, logical: tasty dish- a porcelain dish, read a book - read Pushkin.

4) by the ratio of part and whole: several heads of cattle, Astana falls asleep;

5) on the rapprochement of an emotional nature: a pile of sand - a lot of things to do.

What role do figurative meanings play in the language? (figurative meanings enrich the language, make it bright, figurative, serve to create means of artistic expression. on the basis of the figurative meaning, metaphors, personifications, epithets, metonymy, synecdoche are created.

Oral work.

Identify means of artistic expression based on figurative meanings of words.

• screen star (metaphor, according to the similarity of qualities);
• velvet fur (an epithet, according to the similarity to the material);
• the blizzard sings (impersonation, by function);
• eat another spoonful (metonymy, by the contiguity of the content and the object);
• sea ​​of ​​tears (hyperbole);
• listen to Chopin (metonymy, by the contiguity of the author and the work);
• I will return to my native hearth (synecdoche, according to the ratio of part and whole).

Mark the correct answer to the phrase.

1.a) return ticket

B) reversible ticket

2.a) words of condemnation

B) words of discussion

3.a) human dignity

B) human dignity

4.a) the subscriber does not answer

B) the subscription does not answer

Checking. Answers. 1.a; 2. a; 3.b; 4. a.

What are these words called?

Mixing of paronyms.

Paronyms are words that are similar in sound, but different in meaning, for example: fragrant - aromatic, bank - bank, stand up - become, meaning - significance, put on - clothe, pay - pay, master - learn; escalator - excavator. It is a mistake to use one word instead of another: put on a coat (must: put on a coat), the essence of the problem (must: the essence of the problem), pay the fine (must: pay the fine).

Working with theoretical material

Knowledge update.We will talk about the beauty and richness of the Russian language, which is able to convey the smallest shades of our thoughts and feelings, all the diversity of the changing world before our eyes. However, I will start the conversation with the bitter, but truthful poem by Vadim Sergeevich Shefner "Oral speech".

This is so and not otherwise.
You me, my friend, do not contradict:
People began to live richer
But speech became poorer.

Oral literature goes out,
Conversational beauty;
Retreat into obscurity
Russian speech miracles.

Hundreds of words of native and well-aimed,
Sneaking down, losing my voice,
Locked up like caged birds
Doze in thick dictionaries.

Let them out of there
Return to everyday life,
So that speech is a human miracle -
Has not become scarce these days.

What are words for?
- What is the reason thatgoes out ... colloquial beauty?
- Do I need to revivespeech of Russian miracles?
- Which of the sections of linguistics studies words? A word is a combination of sounds that expresses a certain concept and performs several functions.

Training exercises:

Explain how the comic effect in the suggestions below.

1. Today the zoo is holding an open day.

2. Each shooter who hits the target receives a bullet.

3. Where is the natural office here? I need to make a copy of the child!

4. The captain said that Shvabrin was transferred here for suicide.

5. She put the old clock in the barn.

6. - Dear bride! Take care of your husband! Think first of all about him about his good, and then about something else.

7. The coach received five goals from the team!

8. One of the strongest childhood impressions was an excavator in the Moscow metro.

Tautology and pleonasm.

Tautology is the repetition of one-root words in a sentence, for example: workers united together; the following disadvantages should be noted. Pleonasm - verbosity, speech redundancy, repetition of the same concepts, for example: every minute of time is precious (the word of time is superfluous, since a minute is associated with the concept of time); folklore (an extra word - folk, since folklore is folk art); service maintenance(service is translated as service).

Indicate pleonasm and tautology in the sentences.

1. Deciduous forests occupy a smaller area covered by forest.

2. Forest is clean air, moisture collector, life-giving source of all living things.

3. To consolidate the material studied, it is necessary to perform repetition exercises while studying the following topics.

4. I celebrated Christmas at the dacha of a work colleague.

5. The guests of the city were presented with souvenirs.

6. There are no vacancies in the company.

7. A scientific conference was held in May last year.

8. Architects and designers have worked on the design of this building for a long time.

10. The first premiere of the opera will take place in a week.

11. School graduates are employed.

The vocabulary of the modern Russian language has passed a long way of formation. Our vocabulary consists not only of native Russian words, but also of words borrowed from other languages. Foreign language sources replenished and enriched the Russian language throughout the entire process of its historical development... Some borrowings were made in antiquity, others - relatively recently. New words poured into the Russian language from other languages ​​as a result of the economic, political and cultural ties of the Russian people with other peoples.

The composition of the Russian vocabulary from the point of view of its origin can be schematically presented in the table.

Originally Russian words: Indo-Europeanism; General Slavic vocabulary; East Slavic vocabulary; Actually Russian vocabulary.

Borrowed: From Slavic languages; From non-Slavic languages; Scandinavian, Turkic, Latin, Greek, German, French, English, etc.

Indo-Europeanism And etc.

Common Slavic vocabulary Verbs Adjectives Pronouns: I, you, we, you East Slavic vocabulary Animal names:dog, squirrel, bullfinch. Name of tools: ax, blade. Household items:boot, ladle, chest, ruble. Professions: Settlements: village, settlement.

Russian vocabulary proper Complex words: radio center, steam locomotive.

III. Group work on cards(the group is divided into 5 subgroups)

Card 1

Card 2

Card 3

Card 4

Replace with one word.

Card 5

1. He poked his fingers into the sky.
2. The neighbor sucks all the veins out of him

IY. Test

Option I

1.the direct meaning of the word	A) cheerful child
2.the figurative meaning of the word	B) the wind howls
	C) fast deer
	D) the fire is burning
	D) the sunset is burning
	E) golden hands
	G) high mountains

3. What words can be used to continue the following synonymous series:ruthless, heartless ...

Got up very early (1) and hit the road.

The student read the book twicefrom the beginning to the end(2).

« Remember tightly

didn't pay attention(4)

there was once (5).

Blizzard Blizzard (__________) Blizzard (___________) Blizzard (__________) turning into a real blizzard (____________).

1) soft light

2) soft sign

3) soft moss

4) mild climate

14. Determine where wrong

3) with a gulkin nose - a lot

eyes, nose (at least 3 examples each)

Option II

1. Continue the definition by choosing the correct answer.

Phraseology is a branch of the science of language that studies ...

1) neat	A) ugly
2) work hard	B) bondage
3) cheerful	C) loosen
4) talker	D) sloppy
5) freedom	D) silent
6) strengthen	E) mess around
7) handsome	G) gloomy

5. Replace the highlighted phrases with phraseological units. Place the number of the phrase to be replaced next to the phraseological units.

I understand, who do you mean

very close (2) from here.

Every person has weak point (3).

very fast

impossible to separate(5).

6. Find errors in the use of phraseological units and correct them by writing down the correct options under the table.

8. Write off the sentences, replacing the highlighted words with synonyms so that you get the text.

We have a big yard. As a child, he seemed big (__________) big (__________), just big (____________) , but what seemed large (____________) , has become common.

10. Make pairs by choosing a phraseological phrase suitable for the meaning of the word:

1) gloomy - funny

2) giant - dwarf

3) timid - bold

4) humble - cunning

1) between two lights

2) neither two nor one and a half

3) like the stars in the sky

4) lie dead weight

15. What are the phraseological units that include the names of parts of the human body: head, legs (at least 3 examples each).

Y. Review of the past

A moment of fun. "Shifters".

Learn a proverb by choosing contextual antonyms (oral work)

What are antonyms? Give examples.

1. Bald head is a man's disgrace. (The braid is a girlish beauty.)

2. Get away from the new washing machine(Stay at the broken trough)

3. You will not fall below your heels. (You can't jump over your head.)

4. The bull sometimes loses a speck of dust. (The pig will always find dirt.)

5. The chicken is a friend of the boar. (Goose is not a pig's friend.)

6. Courage has a small back of the head. (Fear has big eyes.)

Creative dictation.

Finish the proverb using the phenomenon - antonymy.

Underline pairs of antonyms, explain punctuation, spelling.

1. The enemy agrees, ... (and the friend argues).

2. Small business ... (better than big idleness).

3. I knew how to make a mistake -… (be able to get better).

4. Good glory lies, ... (and thin - runs)

5. Learning is light (and ignorance is darkness).

6. The tongue is long -… (the mind is short).

Training exercise. "Learn the homonym"

1. We all type first in the game.

If there are more of them, we win in the game.

The second ones improve our eyesight,

In summer, the eyes are protected from the sun. (glasses)

2. The first is noisy from the cannon,

Well, the second is the athletes throw.

You will find the third in a nut shell,

If you chew it with your teeth. (core)

3. We find the first, calculate,

We know many formulas for it.

At the second rallies, parades.

We are always happy to walk along it. (area)

4. The first one lives in a hole or in a crack.

The cat is happily waiting for her release.

The second is friends with our computer,

Sasha and Masha are holding it in their hand.

Well, and under the third, if something hurts,

Aibolit always puts the thermometer. (mouse)

5. The first sparkles brightly in the sky,

She foreshadows rain and thunderstorms for us.

But you will find the second one in clothes,

Zip it up quickly with a squeak. (lightning).

- How to distinguish a homonym from a polysemantic word? Give examples.

(Tail, wing, table, button, handle)

Spelling five minutes.

Find test words for homophones. Insert missing letters.

St..lived our city - st..lived a warehouse

Pouring a child - Pouring a vessel

Mind .. to eat for mercy - mind .. to eat meaning

The flag flutters - the child flutters

Hit the oz..m - ascended the oz..m

Sanctify the room - sanctify the temple

Skr ... my heart - skr ... my teeth in a dream

Terminological dictation.

The teacher reads the definitions, and the students write down the answers.

• The content of a word, its correlation with an object or phenomenon.
• Words associated with only one object, phenomenon, concept.
• Serves to create figurative, expressive means of language.
• Words that have the same sound, spelling and inflection, but are not related in meaning.
• Match only one word form.
• Words that are similar in sound, but different in spelling and meaning.
• Words related to one part of speech, expressing the same concept, but at the same time differing in shades of meaning.
• Reception of pumping up synonyms to achieve the effect of greater expressiveness.
• What stylistic devices are based on antonyms?

Answers: lexical meaning, unambiguous words, figurative meaning, homonyms, homoforms, homophones, synonyms, gradation, antithesis and oxymoron

YI. Summarizing

- We have carried out painstaking work in different directions. We have no power over the speech of others, but we can change our own speech.

Our speech is our mirror, and let it not be dirty. I think that the goals of the lesson have been achieved and I really want the words of the poet F. Vasiliev to serve you as good advice:

When you want to say a word

My friend, think, take your time:

It is sometimes lead

That was born by the warmth of the soul.

It is a lark in the heights,

That sings mourning brass,

Until he weighed the word himself,

Don't let him fly.

You can add joy to them

And poison joy with poison.

They can melt ice in winter,

And turn the stone into crumbs.

It will rob or bestow

Let it be inadvertently, let it be loving,

Think how not to hit.

Someone who listens to you. (F. Vasiliev, translated from Udmurt by V. Solozhin).

Homework:compose test questions (15 on the topic "Vocabulary", repeat phraseological units, phraseological turns).

1. Grekov V.F., Cheshko L.A. Russian language. 10-11 grade. Tutorial for educational institutions... - M., 2012.
2. Goltsova N.G., Mishcherina M.A.Russian language. 10-11 grade. Book for the teacher. - M., 2013.
3. Voiteleva T.M.Theory and methods of teaching the Russian language. - M., 2010.
4. Comprehensive Dictionary of the Russian Language / Ed. A.N. Tikhonov. - M., 2011.
5. Rosenthal D.E. Reference book on the Russian language. - M., 2013.
6. Gorbachevich KS Dictionary of the difficulties of the modern Russian language. - SPb. 2012
7. Ozhegov S.I., Shvedova N.Yu. Dictionary Russian language. - M., 2010.

ATTACHMENT 1

Card 1

Find words in sentences that are used without taking into account their lexical meaning. Correct the mistakes.

1. Ivanov, you are back late for the lecture. 2. Our homeland was exposed to the invasion of German fascism. 3. All around was pitch darkness. 4. They are ready to give the school any gratitude, if only the child becomes a student. 5. Police officers detained a galaxy of unbelievable hooligans. 6. Making your term paper wishes for the best. 7. Birches are sleeping in a wedding shroud. 8. The park has beautiful architecture. 8. We were shocked by the wonderful acting. 9. Our country is not the last in the production of industry. 10. Once I tried to express my thoughts on this question.

Card 2

Find violations of lexical norms, explain the reasons for speech errors.

1. He studied at the Conservatory of Music. 2. An exchange of experience took place. 3. He had a presentiment of this turn in his destiny in advance. 4. The Hermitage is the most valuable cultural treasury. 5. We quickly ran down the escalator. 6. The luxurious interior of the palace will be remembered for a long time. 7. Fire contributes to burns. 8. Cancer-causing viruses are being treated. 9. You can ask your questions. 10. The cleanliness of the environment is of growing concern.

Card 3

Find redundant phrases.

The main essence, the essence of the matter, the first baptism of fire, the landscape of the area, a memorable souvenir, the period of time, to be demobilized in the fall, to be demobilized from the army, the debut of a young ballerina, to debut for the first time, put into operation, permanent weekly headings, weekly performances, a vacancy.

Card 4

Replace with one word.

Hack on the nose, on your mind, chickens do not peck, wag their tail, veto, lather your neck, lick your fingers, hang your ears, circle your finger, bite your tongue.

Card 5

Find errors in the proposed texts and correct them.

He poked his fingers into the sky.

The neighbor sucks all the veins out of him

Anatomy has an important role to play in the training of the healthcare professional.

Well, let him go, put a tablecloth on his way.

This problem is not worth a damn.

Our parents worked tirelessly.

In the lesson, he outlined the main essence of the book.

The route of the convoy is determined in advance.

An hour later, he looked like a scalded chicken in front of his superiors.

The picture evokes a miserable mood.

The patient answers questions with a guilty look.

The floor is presented to the dean.

Patients were walking in the hospital garden along the shady side of the alley.

APPENDIX 2

Vocabulary of the modern Russian language

Originally Russian words: Indo-Europeanism; General Slavic vocabulary; East Slavic vocabulary; Actually Russian vocabulary.

Borrowed: From Slavic languages; From non-Slavic languages; Scandinavian, Turkic, Latin, Greek, German, French, English, etc.

Indo-Europeanism words that have survived from the era of Indo-European linguistic unity. Plants, animals, minerals, tools, types of kinship are denoted: oak, salmon, wolf, copper, mother, son, moon, waterand etc.

Common Slavic vocabulary Inherited by our language from the common Slavic language. These are specific nouns: head, throat, heart, palm, field, neighbor, forest, maple, pig, knife, guest, wine, will, cow, etc. Verbs: blame, hear, grow, lie. Adjectives: kind, young, old, wise. Pronouns: me, you, we, you East Slavic vocabulary (Old Russian), which developed on the basis of the language of the Eastern Slavs. Animal names:dog, squirrel, bullfinch. Name of tools:ax, blade. Household items:boot, ladle, chest, ruble. Professions:carpenter, cook, shoemaker, miller. Settlements:village, settlement.

Russian vocabulary proper formed after the 14th century. Words have a derived stem:bricklayer, leaflet, changing room. Words with foreign-language suffixes that have passed the way of Russian word formation and are overgrown with Russian suffixes, prefixes:ruler, teapot, partisanship; Complex words: radio center, steam locomotive. Many compound words:Moscow Art Theater, timber industry, wall newspaper, RK

APPENDIX 3

Option I

2. Continue the definition by choosing the correct answer.

Lexicology is a branch of the science of language that studies ...

2. Set the correspondence. Several letters can correspond to each number..

4. In what order are words dialectic?

5. Replace the highlighted phrases with phraseological units. Place the number of the phrase to be replaced next to the phraseological units.

Got upvery early(1) and hit the road.

The student read the book twicefrom the beginning to the end(2).

« Remember tightly(3): everyone should be responsible for their actions, ”said the father to his son.

The son very often dabbled, and my mother did itdidn't pay attention(4)

For a long time already it was necessary to do this business, but somehowthere was no time(5).

From cover to cover - ____, hands do not reach - ____, not dawn - ____, hack into your nose - ____, close your eyes to something - _____.

6. Find errors in the use of phraseological units and correct them by writing down the correct options under the table.

BUT:	IN:
B:	G:

7. Write out from the dictionary three obsolete words, three dialect words, three borrowed words (write down).

8. Write off the sentences, replacing the highlighted words with synonyms so that you get the text.

A strong wind rose and, and beganblizzard... With every new gust of windblizzard (__________)intensified, and now a realblizzard (___________)... Time passed, the wind did not subside, but only intensified. Together with the wind, it intensified andblizzard (__________)turning into a realblizzard (____________).

9. Find antonyms for adjectives:

1) fresh bread _________________

2) fresh magazine ___________________

3) fresh wind __________________

10. Make pairs by choosing a phraseological phrase suitable for the meaning of the word:

11. In what example does the highlighted word have a direct meaning?

1) soft light

2) soft sign

3) soft moss

4) mild climate

12. Indicate the group of words in which the correct synonyms for the word "courage" are given.

1) courage, brave, courage, fearlessness, pride

2) brave, brave, courageous, fearless

3) courage, bravery, courage, fearlessness

4) courage, bravery, courage, fearlessness, pride

13. In what row are synonyms for phraseological units correctly indicated?

1) the cat cried - harmful, stupid

2) with grief in half - barely, somehow

3) put a cross - be baptized, humiliate

4) lead by the nose - drown out, interfere

14. Determine wherewrongthe meaning of the phraseological unit is indicated.

1) shot sparrow - experienced

2) to circle around the finger - to deceive

3) with a gulkin nose - a lot

4) the apple has nowhere to fall - cramped

15. What are the phraseological units that include the names of parts of the human body:eyes, nose

2. Set the correspondence. Match the words from the left column with antonyms from the right column. Only one letter can correspond to each digit.

1) neat	A) ugly
2) work hard	B) bondage
3) cheerful	C) loosen
4) talker	D) sloppy
5) freedom	D) silent
6) strengthen	E) mess around
7) handsome	G) gloomy

3. In which row are words professionalism?

4. Indicate words with negative emotional connotations.

5. Replace the highlighted phrases with phraseological units. Place the number of the phrase to be replaced next to the phraseological units.

I understand,who do you mean(1) when you say this book is bad.

The railway station is locatedVery close(2) from here.

Every person hasweakness(3).

He was breathing hard because he was runningvery fast(4) to tell the sister the news.

Seryozha and Tolya always do everything together, theirimpossible to separate(5).

Achilles heel - _____, with all his might - _____, do not spill water - _____, throw a pebble into someone's garden - _____, close at hand - _____.

6. Find errors in the use of phraseological units and correct them by writing down the correct options under the table.

BUT:	IN:
B:	G:

7. Write down from the dictionary three neologisms, three jargon (colloquial words), three professionalisms.

8. Write off the sentences, replacing the highlighted words with synonyms so that you get the text.

We havelargeyard. As a child, he seemedlarge (__________)but now I grew up - what it seemedlarge (__________), it became simplelarge (____________), but what seemedlarge (____________), has become common.

9. Choose antonyms for adjectives:

1) easy question ______________

2) light backpack ________________

3) light character _______________

10. Make pairs by choosing a phraseological phrase suitable for the meaning of the word:

11. What pairs of words are not antonyms?

1) gloomy - funny

2) giant - dwarf

3) timid - bold

4) humble - cunning

12. In which row are the antonyms to the phraseological unit correctly indicated?

1) close at hand - fast, good

2) swallow tongue - harmful, quiet

3) on the sly - loudly, openly

4) Babylonian pandemonium - vanity, disorder

13. Indicate a phraseological unit with the meaning "a large amount of something."

1) between two lights

2) neither two nor one and a half

3) like the stars in the sky

4) lie dead weight

14. In which row in both sentences are there phraseological phrases?

1) No guests arrived day or night. We were not given rest either day or night.

2) While eating, the baby bit his tongue and cried. He almost let it out, but he bit his tongue in time.

3) He looked into the distance with all his eyes. Masha opened her eyes to the doll.

4) Friends washed bones with friends. For this I lathered my head to whom I should.

15. What are the phraseological units that include the names of parts of the human body:head, legs(at least 3 examples each).

State budgetary professional educational institution
Department of Health of the city of Moscow
"Medical College No. 1"
(GBPOU DZM "MK No. 1")
Branch number 1
Methodical development
in Russian language and literature

For 1st year students in the specialty 31.02.03 Laboratory diagnostics
MOSCOW
2017
Developed on the basis of the Federal State Educational Standard of Secondary Vocational Education in the specialty:
02/31/03 "Laboratory diagnostics"
REVIEWED APPROVED
Minutes of the meeting of the subject cyclic commission No. 1 Minutes of the meeting of the Methodological Council
from no.
from no.
Developers:
GBPOU DZM MK No. 1 teacher I.А. Karginova ___

Reviewer:
________________ ____________________ _______________
(place of work) (position held) (initials, surname)
Explanatory note
This methodological development is intended for conducting a lesson in the Russian language with students of the 1st course in the specialty 31.02.03 Laboratory diagnostics.
The topic of methodical work belongs to the section "Lexicon and phraseology".
In the working program, two hours are allotted for it. In this methodological development, theoretical information about the vocabulary is repeated; spelling skills are improved; the skills of analytical work with the word as part of speech are consolidated. In the development, control questions, a system of exercises and practical tasks have been compiled, summarizing tables are provided, creative tasks are included.
This system of exercises and tasks is aimed at achieving from students a complete understanding of the theoretical data and the ability to use this data both in oral and written speech.
A special place is occupied by the consideration of possible speech errors (in stress, pronunciation, word usage), special exercises have been developed to prevent them.
Completing the tasks offered in this manual will help students to improve their speech culture and improve literacy.
The content of the methodological development
No. section page 1 Explanatory note 3
2 Methodological block 5
3 Information block 12
4 Literature 29
5 Applications31

Guidelines
for the lesson
Come to the office where the lesson will take place 2-3 minutes before it starts.
Examine the study, make sure that everything is ready for the lesson: what is the sanitary condition of the study, is the furniture nicely arranged, is the board clean, are the visual aids in place? Do not turn this element of the lesson into an empty formality.
Try to show students the beauty and attractiveness of organizing a class.
Don't waste time looking for your subject page in a class magazine. This can be done before class.
Start your activity vigorously. Do not ask students the question: "Who did not complete their homework?" This will teach students that homework failure is inevitable. Make sure that every student from the beginning of the lesson to the end of it is busy with business, does not remain without work.
Captivate students with interesting content of the material, make sure all students are able to work at a given pace, help the weak to believe in themselves. Keep the entire group in sight. Especially watch out for those with erratic attention, who are distracted. Prevent attempts to disrupt the work order.
Address a little more often with questions to those students who may be doing an extraneous matter.
Do not allow students to ask questions that require choral answers.
When motivating grades, give your words a business-like and motivated character, and instruct the student on what to work on in class or after class. Check if he understood your instructions; check how they are done. This will teach you disciplined work. The student will get used to the fact that the instructor's instructions must be followed.
Objectively assess the student's knowledge. Stop calling. Continuing classes during recess is unacceptable. This leads to unnecessary fatigue and discipline in children.
Keep yourself in the class with dignity, seriously, do not allow unnecessary jokes and witticisms.
Be calm, don't be nervous, or excite the group with harsh remarks or shouts. To maintain the discipline of individual students, a teacher's gaze or a calm remark without irritation and without raising their voice is enough. Remember, the best remark to a student is a remark without words: a puzzled or surprised look, a pause in the story.
During the lesson, face the group so that the students see and realize that they are always under the supervision of the teacher. This provides the necessary business contact between the teacher and the group.
Do not make general comments, as a rule, no one responds to them. Comments should be addressed to specific offenders. Do not make frequent remarks, learners will adapt to them. It is better to change the type of activity in the lesson, for example, give some independent assignment, and at this time adjust your further work in the lesson.
Avoid awkward or funny postures, do not walk continuously in front of the group, do not turn your back to the group when using a whiteboard or visual aids.
When presenting the content of the material, do not take your gaze to the side, but carefully look at the students, observing their work and behavior.
Teach in a cultured way — always use a pointer, don’t rub the chalk off the board with your hand, and make sure students don’t wipe the board with their hands either. By their behavior and appearance, the teacher should serve as an example for students. Always be neat, modest and strictly dressed.
Avoid familiarity with students, strive to establish relationships based on trust and respect.
Watch your actions and try not to make mistakes, and if you made a mistake, then do not be ashamed to admit it and immediately correct it.
Do not leave a single disciplinary violation unresponsive. Think carefully about the choice and adoption of measures for each student's misconduct, taking into account the nature of the violation, the circumstances that gave rise to it, and individual characteristics. You should not make comments in an indifferent tone or carelessly.
Learn to give your voice the right intonation.
The lesson lasts 90 minutes and requires a lot of nervous tension from the teacher all the time. In this regard, it is necessary to provide for small pauses in the lesson, allowing the teacher to focus on the further stages of the lesson. But there can be a pause for the teacher for the lesson only during the period of students' independent work. Therefore, it is desirable to provide for such tasks.
To strengthen the discipline, it is advisable to think over tasks for students, forcing them to "take the pen" and make notes in notebooks. At these moments, the student focuses on the content of the lesson.
Lesson motivation
The main goal of this lesson is to prepare students for the successful passing of the exam in the Russian language and literature. Forms of work in the lesson: frontal survey, independent work, group work, individual work. Methods: visual, verbal, reproductive, explanatory-illustrative, partially search .The lesson implements the principles: accessibility, visibility, scientific character.
This material has not only spelling significance, but also has stylistic significance. Students often make mistakes in the use of one or another ending in different parts of speech. The reason for this lies in ignorance of the rules, in speech negligence. Therefore, it is required to place special emphasis on this particular side of the educational material. Interdisciplinary connections: literature, history. The tasks offered in the lesson are aimed at enriching vocabulary and developing students' speech.
A creative task for work in groups involves the further development of the skills of expressive, figurative speech and literate writing. To develop cognitive interest, students are offered creative tasks. To develop control and self-control skills, teachers are offered tasks for subsequent verification and self-examination and tasks for editing sentence texts. During the lesson, a computer presentation is used. Means of activation: the teacher's living word, practical work, creative tasks, independent work, differentiated tasks, TCO The lesson is designed for students with an average pace of work.
After studying the topic "Word in the lexical system of the language", teachers should know: 1. the lexical meaning of words, as well as the definition of such linguistic concepts as homonyms, homographs, spelling, vocabulary;
2. orthoepic norms;
3. definition of such concepts as synonyms, paronyms, antonyms;
4. concepts: "syncwine", antonyms, synonyms, paronyms;
5. Peculiarities of completing written homework in accordance with the proposed goal setting.
Must be able to: 1. apply the skills of stating stress in words, based on orthoepic rules;
do morphological analysis of nouns; 2. correctly determine the stress;
3. clearly and clearly state their position;
4. compose a "syncwine", determine the correct lexical meaning of words, recognize the sphere of the use of words, be able to make stable combinations;
5. analyze your own activities.
They will have experience: 1. in the presentation of their thoughts; 2. in the development of the ability to answer problematic questions, to reason the answers.
Equipment
1. Multimedia projector 2. Computer 3. Cards for individual work with learners 4. Notes on the board
Lesson structure
Lesson stages Learning tasks Developmental tasks Educational tasks 1 Organizational moment 2 Goal setting + +
3 Knowledge update + +
4 Types of work: 1) checking knowledge of theory + + 2) practical work + + 3) work in groups + + +
4) individual work + + +
5) work with cards + + +
5 Summing up + +
6 Homework +
7 Assessment of the emotional state of students in class +
Chronocard No.
Content Time
(min)
1. Organizational moment3
2. Frontal poll 5
3. Message 10
4. Vocabulary dictation 5
5. Doing exercise 15
5. Creative task 5
6. Work on cards 7
7. Working with text 20
8. Test 7
9. Securing the material 10
10. Assignment at home. Lesson 3 Outcomes
TOTAL 90

Methodical goal: creating conditions for the formation of skills in the transfer of theoretical knowledge and skills in new situations
Lesson objectives:
To systematize the knowledge of students about the vocabulary of the Russian language;
develop cognitive interests and skills of analytical and synthetic work of students through the formation of skills to work in a team and team, to interact with partners.
Raise interest and love for the Russian language
Methods: reproductive, productive, heuristic.
Intra-subject communications: topics of the sections "Orthoepy", "Grammar", "Phonetics".
Tasks: Educational:
the formation of the ability to distinguish vocabulary in the language system, to ask a question, to determine the means of communication;
the formation of spelling and punctuation skills. Developing:
development of monologue skills;
development of the ability to formulate and reasonably answer questions.
promoting the formation of interest in the Russian language.
Type of occupation: occupation of generalization and systematization of knowledge.
Course of the lesson Org moment Announcement of the purpose of the lesson
I. Vocabulary dictation
Vary, lotion, manifest, announcement, duty, three-story, four-story, save, super-refined, supernatural, ideological, overeat, lunch, bilingual, two-story, pre-jubilee, traveled half the city, peers, peers, ate half a lemon, sharpened blue-red pencil cut off half a cucumber, nine-point storm. II. Word in the lexical system of the language
Conversation with trainees:
- What language unit does the "Vocabulary" section study? (word).
-What is a word? (a sound or a combination of sounds with a certain LZ and GZ)
- How many meanings does a word have? (Two - LZ and GZ)
- What is the lexical meaning of a word and how to define it?
The word is multifaceted: it can be viewed from different angles. The word sounds - its sound composition is studied by phonetics, morphemics is studying the morphemic composition of the language, in morphology the word is presented as a part of speech, in the syntax the role of the word in the construction of syntactic units - SS and sentences is clarified. The lexical meaning of a word is actually not easy to determine. People have been thinking about this problem since ancient times. We understand LZ as the main meaning, its content, understandable to all native speakers.
- What are the functions of words in a language? (naming function - the word means something: an object, an action, a sign, a state, a phenomenon, a number, or indications of them). Service function - words are linked in ss and sentences. Emotional - words express not only concepts, but also feelings.
- What ways of explanation, interpretation of LZ words do you know?
Comments:
Selection of words (synonyms) close in lexical meaning: dunes - continental dunes, hills; punctual - accurate;
short description: fan - small hand, usually folding, fan, unfolded, having the shape of a semicircle;
selection of one-root words that explain the meaning: obliquely - in an oblique direction, obliquely;
selection of words with the opposite meaning (antonyms): alive - dead;
visual image (drawing or photograph).
- In what dictionaries can you find an explanation of the lexical meaning of words? (sensible).
- What is the difference between unambiguous and ambiguous words? (answer in terms).
- What is the direct and figurative meaning of the word? (the main, the main meaning of the word is the direct meaning. The figurative meaning is secondary, associated with the direct meaning and arising on its basis) ..
REMEMBER:
Name transfers occur:
1) by the similarity of shape, color, internal properties, qualities: a hand is an artist's brush, solid earth is a solid word.
2) by function: a fire is on - a light is on, a bird's wing is an airplane wing.
3) by the contiguity of temporal, spatial, logical: a tasty dish - a porcelain dish, reading a book - reading Pushkin.
4) by the ratio of part and whole: several heads of cattle, Astana falls asleep;
5) on the rapprochement of an emotional nature: a pile of sand - a lot of things to do.
- What role do figurative meanings play in the language? (figurative meanings enrich the language, make it bright, figurative, serve to create means of artistic expression. on the basis of the figurative meaning, metaphors, personifications, epithets, metonymy, synecdoche are created.
Oral work.
BUT)
Identify means of artistic expression based on figurative meanings of words.
screen star (metaphor, according to the similarity of qualities);
velvet fur (an epithet, according to the similarity to the material);
the blizzard sings (impersonation, by function);
eat another spoonful (metonymy, by the contiguity of the content and the object);
sea ​​of ​​tears (hyperbole);
listen to Chopin (metonymy, by the contiguity of the author and the work);
I will return to my native hearth (synecdoche, according to the ratio of part and whole).
B)
Mark the correct answer to the phrase.
1.a) return ticket
b) reversible ticket
2.a) words of condemnation
b) words of discussion
3.a) human dignity
b) human dignity
4.a) the subscriber does not answer
b) the subscription does not answer
Checking. Answers. 1.a; 2. a; 3.b; 4. a.
- What are the names of these words?
Mixing of paronyms.
Paronyms are words that are similar in sound, but different in meaning, for example: fragrant - aromatic, bank - bank, stand up - become, meaning - significance, put on - clothe, pay - pay, master - learn; escalator - excavator. It is a mistake to use one word instead of another: put on a coat (must: put on a coat), the essence of the problem (must: the essence of the problem), pay the fine (must: pay the fine).
Knowledge update. We will talk about the beauty and richness of the Russian language, which is able to convey the smallest shades of our thoughts and feelings, all the diversity of the changing world before our eyes. However, I will start the conversation with the bitter, but truthful poem by Vadim Sergeevich Shefner "Oral speech".
This is so, and not otherwise. You, my friend, do not count: People began to live richer, But speech became poorer.
Oral literature, colloquial beauty goes out; retreat into obscurity Speech of Russian miracles.
Hundreds of words of native and well-aimed, Snickering, losing voice, Locked, like birds in cages, Doze in thick dictionaries.
You let them out, Return them to everyday life, So that speech - a human miracle - does not become scarce in our days.
- Do you agree with the opinion of the author?
- What are words for? - What is the reason that ... colloquial beauty fades away? - Is it necessary to revive the speech of Russian miracles? - Which of the sections of linguistics studies words? A word is a combination of sounds that expresses a certain concept and performs several functions.
Training exercises:
Explain how the comic effect is created in the sentences below.
1. Today the zoo is holding an open day.
2. Each shooter who hits the target receives a bullet.
3. Where is the natural office here? I need to make a copy of the child!
4. The captain said that Shvabrin was transferred here for suicide.
5. She put the old clock in the barn.
6. - Dear bride! Take care of your husband! Think first of all about him about his good, and then about something else.
7. The coach received five goals from the team!
8. One of the strongest childhood impressions was an excavator in the Moscow metro.
Tautology and pleonasm.
Tautology is the repetition of one-root words in a sentence, for example: workers united together; the following disadvantages should be noted. Pleonasm - verbosity, speech redundancy, repetition of the same concepts, for example: every minute of time is precious (the word of time is superfluous, since a minute is associated with the concept of time); folklore (an extra word - folk, since folklore is folk art); service (service is translated as service).
Indicate pleonasm and tautology in the sentences.
1. Deciduous forests occupy a smaller area covered by forest.
2. Forest is clean air, moisture collector, life-giving source of all living things.
3. To consolidate the material studied, it is necessary to perform repetition exercises while studying the following topics.
4. I celebrated Christmas at the dacha of a work colleague.
5. The guests of the city were presented with souvenirs.
6. There are no vacancies in the company.
7. A scientific conference was held in May last year.
8. Architects and designers have worked on the design of this building for a long time.
9. With sincere love, the author depicts the image of his beloved heroine.
10. The first premiere of the opera will take place in a week.
11. School graduates are employed.
The vocabulary of the modern Russian language has passed a long way of formation. Our vocabulary consists not only of native Russian words, but also of words borrowed from other languages. Foreign language sources have replenished and enriched the Russian language throughout the entire process of its historical development. Some borrowings were made in antiquity, others - relatively recently. New words poured into the Russian language from other languages ​​as a result of the economic, political and cultural ties of the Russian people with other peoples.
The composition of the Russian vocabulary from the point of view of its origin can be schematically presented in the table.

Originally Russian words:
Indo-Europeanism;
General Slavic vocabulary;
East Slavic vocabulary;
Actually Russian vocabulary.
Borrowed:
From Slavic languages;
From non-Slavic languages;
Scandinavian, Turkic,
Latin, Greek,
German, French,
English, etc.
Indo-Europeanism



Common Slavic vocabulary











Settlements: village, settlement.
Russian vocabulary proper





III. Group work on cards (the group is divided into 5 subgroups)
Card 1


Card 2


Card 3


Replace with one word.

Card 5

He poked his fingers into the sky.
The neighbor sucks all the veins out of him











IY. Test
Option I




C) the word as a part of speech.




C) fast deer
D) the fire is burning
D) the sunset is burning
E) golden hands
G) high mountains

















A: B:
B: D:








1. Aptly
2. Unexpectedly
3. Closely
4. Dark

B. Keep your mouth shut
B. Bumping the sides
D. At least gouge out the eye
E. Not in the eyebrow, but in the eye
E. Apple has nowhere to fall
G. Raise to Heaven
H. Shooting Sparrow
I. Drive around your finger
K. Disperse like smoke

1) soft light
2) soft sign
3) soft moss
4) mild climate













3) with a gulkin nose - a lot


Option II
Continue the definition by choosing the correct answer.

A) the structure of words and the methods of their formation.
B) the word as the basic unit of the language and its vocabulary.
C) the word as a part of speech.
D) stable phrases that are integral in meaning.

1) neat A) ugly
2) work B) bondage

4) talker D) careless
5) freedom D) silent
6) reinforce E) mess around
7) handsome G) gloomy





C) chatterbox E) physiognomy
5. Replace the highlighted phrases with phraseological units. Place the number of the phrase to be replaced next to the phraseological units.






6. Find errors in the use of phraseological units and correct them by writing down the correct options under the table.


A: B:
B: D:
8. Write off the sentences, replacing the highlighted words with synonyms so that you get the text.

9. Choose antonyms for adjectives:



10. Make pairs by choosing a phraseological phrase suitable for the meaning of the word:
1. Be silent
2. Praise
3. Cheat
4. Beat

B. Keep your mouth shut
B. Bumping the sides
D. At least gouge out the eye
E. Not in the eyebrow, but in the eye
E. Apple has nowhere to fall
G. Raise to Heaven
H. Shooting Sparrow
I. Drive around your finger
K. Disperse like smoke

1) gloomy - funny
2) giant - dwarf
3) timid - bold
4) humble - cunning






1) between two lights
2) neither two nor one and a half
3) like the stars in the sky
4) lie dead weight






Y. Review of the past
A moment of fun. "Shifters".
Learn a proverb by choosing contextual antonyms (oral work)
- What are antonyms? Give examples.
1. Bald head is a man's disgrace. (The braid is a girlish beauty.)
2. Get away from the new washing machine (Stay at the broken trough)
3. You will not fall below your heels. (You can't jump over your head.)
4. The bull sometimes loses a speck of dust. (The pig will always find dirt.)
5. The chicken is a friend of the boar. (Goose is not a pig's friend.)
6. Courage has a small back of the head. (Fear has big eyes.)
Creative dictation.
Finish the proverb using the phenomenon - antonymy.
Underline pairs of antonyms, explain punctuation, spelling.
1. The enemy agrees, ... (and the friend argues).
2. Small business ... (better than big idleness).
3. I knew how to make a mistake -… (be able to get better).
4. Good glory lies, ... (and thin - runs)
5. Learning is light (and ignorance is darkness).
6. The tongue is long -… (the mind is short).
Training exercise. "Learn the homonym"
1. We all type first in the game.
If there are more of them, we win in the game.
The second ones improve our eyesight,
In summer, the eyes are protected from the sun. (glasses)
2. The first is noisy from the cannon,
Well, the second is the athletes throw.
You will find the third in a nut shell,
If you chew it with your teeth. (core)
3. We find the first, calculate,
We know many formulas for it.
At the second rallies, parades.
We are always happy to walk along it. (area)
4. The first one lives in a hole or in a crack.
The cat is happily waiting for her release.
The second is friends with our computer,
Sasha and Masha are holding it in their hand.
Well, and under the third, if something hurts,
Aibolit always puts the thermometer. (mouse)
5. The first sparkles brightly in the sky,
She foreshadows rain and thunderstorms for us.
But you will find the second one in clothes,
Zip it up quickly with a squeak. (lightning).
- How to distinguish a homonym from a polysemantic word? Give examples.
(Tail, wing, table, button, handle)
Spelling five minutes.
Find test words for homophones. Insert missing letters.
St..lived our city - st..lived a warehouse
Pouring a child - Pouring a vessel
Mind .. to eat for mercy - mind .. to eat meaning
The flag flutters - the child flutters..waves Hit the lake - the lake rose - light the room - the sanctuary of the temple
Skr ... my heart - skr ... my teeth in a dream
Terminological dictation.
The teacher reads the definitions, and the students write down the answers.
The content of a word, its correlation with an object or phenomenon.
Words associated with only one object, phenomenon, concept.
Serves to create figurative, expressive means of language.
Words that have the same sound, spelling and inflection, but are not related in meaning.
Match only one word form.
Words that are similar in sound, but different in spelling and meaning.
Words related to one part of speech, expressing the same concept, but at the same time differing in shades of meaning.
Reception of pumping up synonyms to achieve the effect of greater expressiveness.
What stylistic devices are based on antonyms?
Answers: lexical meaning, unambiguous words, figurative meaning, homonyms, homoforms, homophones, synonyms, gradation, antithesis and oxymoron YI. Summarizing
- We have carried out painstaking work in different directions. We have no power over the speech of others, but we can change our own speech.
Our speech is our mirror, and let it not be dirty. I think that the goals of the lesson have been achieved and I really want the words of the poet F. Vasiliev to serve you as good advice:
When you want to say a word
My friend, think, take your time:
It is sometimes lead
That was born by the warmth of the soul.
It is a lark in the heights,
That sings mourning brass,
Until he weighed the word himself,
Don't let him fly.
You can add joy to them
And poison joy with poison.
They can melt ice in winter,
And turn the stone into crumbs.
It will rob or bestow
Let it be inadvertently, let it be loving,
Think how not to hit.
Someone who listens to you. (F. Vasiliev, translated from Udmurt by V. Solozhin).
Homework: make up test questions (15 on the topic "Vocabulary", repeat phraseological units, phraseological turns).

Grekov V.F., Cheshko L.A. Russian language. 10-11 grade. Textbook for educational institutions. - M., 2012.
Goltsova N.G., Mishcherina M.A.Russian language. 10-11 grade. Book for the teacher. - M., 2013.
Voiteleva T.M.Theory and methods of teaching the Russian language. - M., 2010.
Comprehensive Dictionary of the Russian Language / Ed. A.N. Tikhonov. - M., 2011.
Rosenthal D.E. Reference book on the Russian language. - M., 2013.
Gorbachevich KS Dictionary of the difficulties of the modern Russian language. - SPb. 2012
Ozhegov S. I., Shvedova N. Yu. Explanatory Dictionary of the Russian Language. - M., 2010.

ATTACHMENT 1
Card 1
Find words in sentences that are used without taking into account their lexical meaning. Correct the mistakes.
1. Ivanov, you are back late for the lecture. 2. Our homeland was exposed to the invasion of German fascism. 3. All around was pitch darkness. 4. They are ready to give the school any gratitude, if only the child becomes a student. 5. Police officers detained a galaxy of unbelievable hooligans. 6. The design of your term paper is much to be desired. 7. Birches are sleeping in a wedding shroud. 8. The park has beautiful architecture. 8. We were shocked by the wonderful acting. 9. Our country is not the last in the production of industry. 10. Once I tried to express my thoughts on this question.
Card 2
Find violations of lexical norms, explain the reasons for speech errors.
1. He studied at the Conservatory of Music. 2. An exchange of experience took place. 3. He had a presentiment of this turn in his destiny in advance. 4. The Hermitage is the most valuable cultural treasury. 5. We quickly ran down the escalator. 6. The luxurious interior of the palace will be remembered for a long time. 7. Fire contributes to burns. 8. Cancer-causing viruses are being treated. 9. You can ask your questions. 10. The cleanliness of the environment is of growing concern.
Card 3
Find redundant phrases.
The main point, the essence of the matter, the first baptism of fire, the landscape of the area, a memorable souvenir, the period of time, to be demobilized in the fall, to be demobilized from the army, the debut of a young ballerina, to debut for the first time, put into operation, permanent weekly headings, weekly performances, free vacancy
Replace with one word.
Hack on the nose, on your mind, chickens do not peck, wag their tail, veto, lather your neck, lick your fingers, hang your ears, circle your finger, bite your tongue.
Card 5
Find errors in the proposed texts and correct them.
He poked his fingers into the sky.
The neighbor sucks all the veins out of him
Anatomy has an important role to play in the training of the healthcare professional.
Well, let him go, put a tablecloth on his way.
This problem is not worth a damn.
Our parents worked tirelessly.
In the lesson, he outlined the main essence of the book.
The route of the convoy is determined in advance.
An hour later, he looked like a scalded chicken in front of his superiors.
The picture evokes a miserable mood.
The patient answers questions with a guilty look.
The floor is presented to the dean.
Patients were walking in the hospital garden along the shady side of the alley.

APPENDIX 2
Vocabulary of the modern Russian language
Originally Russian words:
Indo-Europeanism;
General Slavic vocabulary;
East Slavic vocabulary;
Actually Russian vocabulary.
Borrowed:
From Slavic languages;
From non-Slavic languages;
Scandinavian, Turkic,
Latin, Greek,
German, French,
English, etc.
Indo-Europeanism
words that have survived from the era of Indo-European linguistic unity.
Plants, animals, minerals, tools, types of kinship are denoted:
oak, salmon, wolf, copper, mother, son, moon, water, etc.
Common Slavic vocabulary
Inherited by our language from the common Slavic language.
These are specific nouns:
head, throat, heart, palm, field, neighbor, forest, maple, pig, knife, guest, wine, will, cow, etc.
Verbs: blame, hear, grow, lie.
Adjectives: kind, young, old, wise.
Pronouns: I, you, we, you
(Old Russian), which developed on the basis of the language of the Eastern Slavs.
Animal names: dog, squirrel, bullfinch.
The name of the tools: ax, blade.
Household items: boot, ladle, chest, ruble.
Professions: carpenter, cook, shoemaker, miller.
Settlements: village, settlement.
Russian vocabulary proper
formed after the 14th century.
Words have a derived stem: bricklayer, leaflet, dressing room.
Words with foreign language suffixes, which have passed the way of Russian word formation and are overgrown with Russian suffixes, prefixes: ruler, teapot, partisanship;
Words with a complex stem: radio node, steam locomotive.
Many compound words: Moscow Art Theater, timber industry, wall newspaper, RK
APPENDIX 3
Option I
Continue the definition by choosing the correct answer.
Lexicology is a branch of the science of language that studies ...
A) the structure of words and the methods of their formation.
B) the word as the basic unit of the language and its vocabulary.
C) the word as a part of speech.
D) stable phrases that are integral in meaning.
2. Set the correspondence. Several letters can correspond to each number.
1.the direct meaning of the word A) cheerful child
2.the figurative meaning of the word B) the wind howls
C) fast deer
D) the fire is burning
D) the sunset is burning
E) golden hands
G) high mountains
3. What words can you use to continue the next synonymous series: ruthless, heartless ...
A) lifeless, dead B) unceremonious, straightforward
B) careless, irresponsible D) merciless, cruel
4. In what order are words dialectic?
A) verb, future, right hand, apple, speak, face, eye, boy, finger
B) rebuilders, security officials, planetary scientist, cosmochemist, rocket launcher, microprocessor
C) sash, bait, tsibulya, pepenn, shanga, chapyga, stupa, hollow, kolcha, khata G) squad, caftan, quiver, horse, lapotnik, arshin, baryshnik, boyar
5. Replace the highlighted phrases with phraseological units. Place the number of the phrase to be replaced next to the phraseological units.
We got up very early (1) and hit the road.
The student read the book twice from beginning to end (2).
"Remember tightly (3): everyone should be responsible for their actions," - said the father to his son.
The son played around very often, but my mother did not pay attention to it (4)
For a long time already it was necessary to do this business, but somehow there was no time (5).
From cover to cover - ____, hands do not reach - ____, not dawn - ____, hack into your nose - ____, close your eyes to something - _____.
6. Find errors in the use of phraseological units and correct them by writing down the correct options under the table.
A) throw the ends into the water B) even tear out your eyes
B) circle around your nose d) not in your saucepan
A: B:
B: D:
7. Write out from the dictionary three obsolete words, three dialect words, three borrowed words (write down).
8. Write off the sentences, replacing the highlighted words with synonyms so that you get the text.
A strong wind rose and, and a blizzard began. With each new gust of wind, the blizzard (__________) intensified, and now a real blizzard rose (___________). Time passed, the wind did not subside, but only intensified. Together with the wind, the blizzard also intensified (__________), turning into a real blizzard (____________).
9. Choose antonyms for adjectives:
1) fresh bread _________________
2) fresh magazine ___________________
3) fresh wind __________________
10. Make pairs by choosing a phraseological phrase suitable for the meaning of the word:
1. Aptly
2. Unexpectedly
3. Closely
4. Dark
5. Experienced A. Like snow on your head
B. Keep your mouth shut
B. Bumping the sides
D. At least gouge out the eye
E. Not in the eyebrow, but in the eye
E. Apple has nowhere to fall
G. Raise to Heaven
H. Shooting Sparrow
I. Drive around your finger
K. Disperse like smoke
11. In what example does the highlighted word have a direct meaning?
1) soft light
2) soft sign
3) soft moss
4) mild climate
12. Indicate the group of words in which the correct synonyms for the word "courage" are given.
1) courage, brave, courage, fearlessness, pride
2) brave, brave, courageous, fearless
3) courage, bravery, courage, fearlessness
4) courage, bravery, courage, fearlessness, pride
13. In what row are synonyms for phraseological units correctly indicated?
1) the cat cried - harmful, stupid
2) with grief in half - barely, somehow
3) put a cross - be baptized, humiliate
4) lead by the nose - drown out, interfere
14. Determine where the meaning of the phraseological unit is incorrectly indicated.
1) shot sparrow - experienced
2) to circle around the finger - to deceive
3) with a gulkin nose - a lot
4) the apple has nowhere to fall - cramped
15. Name the phraseological units that include the names of parts of the human body: eyes, nose (at least 3 examples)
Option II
Continue the definition by choosing the correct answer.
Phraseology is a branch of the science of language that studies ...
A) the structure of words and the methods of their formation.
B) the word as the basic unit of the language and its vocabulary.
C) the word as a part of speech.
D) stable phrases that are integral in meaning.
2. Set the correspondence. Match the words from the left column with antonyms from the right column. Only one letter can correspond to each digit.
1) neat A) ugly
2) work B) bondage
3) cheerful B) relax
4) talker D) careless
5) freedom D) silent
6) reinforce E) mess around
7) handsome G) gloomy
3. In which row are words professionalism?
A) scalpel, easel, accord, scale, chisel, watercolor, syringe, emery, chisel
B) cool, cool, run over, telly, fade, chaos, go crazy, drove, sausage C) sash, beat, tsibulya, singing, shanga, chapyga, stupa, hollow, quiver, khata D) squad, caftan, quiver, horse, lapotnik, arshin, baryshnik, boyar
4. Indicate words with negative emotional connotations.
A) old man D) rudeness B) son D) adore
C) chatterbox E) physiognomy
5. Replace the highlighted phrases with phraseological units. Place the number of the phrase to be replaced next to the phraseological units.
I know who you mean (1) when you say this book is bad.
The railway station is very close (2) from here.
Every person has a weak point (3).
He was breathing hard because he was running very fast (4) to tell his sister the news.
Seryozha and Tolya always do everything together, it is impossible to separate them (5).
Achilles' heel - _____, with all his might - _____, do not spill water - _____, throw a pebble into someone's garden - _____, close at hand - _____.
6. Find errors in the use of phraseological units and correct them by writing down the correct options under the table.
A) the soul went into the legs B) insert the spokes into the wheels
B) goosebumps jump D) lower your nose
A: B:
B: D:
7. Write down from the dictionary three neologisms, three jargon (colloquial words), three professionalisms.
8. Write off the sentences, replacing the highlighted words with synonyms so that you get the text.
We have a large yard. As a child, he seemed big (__________), but now I have grown up - what seemed big (__________) has become just big (____________), and what seemed big (____________) has become ordinary.
9. Choose antonyms for adjectives:
1) easy question ______________
2) light backpack ________________
3) light character _______________
10. Make pairs by choosing a phraseological phrase suitable for the meaning of the word:
1. Be silent
2. Praise
3. Cheat
4. Beat
5. Disappear A. Like snow on your head
B. Keep your mouth shut
B. Bumping the sides
D. At least gouge out the eye
E. Not in the eyebrow, but in the eye
E. Apple has nowhere to fall
G. Raise to Heaven
H. Shooting Sparrow
I. Drive around your finger
K. Disperse like smoke
11. What pairs of words are not antonyms?
1) gloomy - funny
2) giant - dwarf
3) timid - bold
4) humble - cunning
12. In which row are the antonyms to the phraseological unit correctly indicated?
1) close at hand - fast, good
2) swallow tongue - harmful, quiet
3) on the sly - loudly, openly
4) Babylonian pandemonium - vanity, disorder
13. Indicate a phraseological unit with the meaning "a large amount of something."
1) between two lights
2) neither two nor one and a half
3) like the stars in the sky
4) lie dead weight
14. In which row in both sentences are there phraseological phrases?
1) No guests arrived day or night. We were not given rest either day or night.
2) While eating, the baby bit his tongue and cried. He almost let it out, but he bit his tongue in time.
3) He looked into the distance with all his eyes. Masha opened her eyes to the doll.
4) Friends washed bones with friends. For this I lathered my head to whom I should.
15. Name the phraseological units that include the names of parts of the human body: head, legs (at least 3 examples).
The key to the test
Option I
1 2 3 4 5 6
B 1) A, C, D, F; 2) B, D, E G C 1) dawn;
2) cover to cover;
3) hack to death on your nose;
4) close your eyes to something;
5) hands do not reach. A) hide the ends in the water;
B) circle around your finger;
C) at least an eye;
D) not at ease.
Option II
1 2 3 4 5 6
D 1) D; 2) E; 3) F; 4) D; 5 B; 6) А А В, Г, Е 1) throw a pebble into someone's garden;
2) close at hand;
3) Achilles' heel;
4) from all legs;
5) do not spill with water. A) the soul is gone;
B) goosebumps run;
C) insert sticks into the wheels;
D) hang your nose.
Criteria for evaluation
Option I
Maximum points: 19 + add. scores
Number of points Score 17-19 "5"
14-16 "4"
10-13 "3"
0-9 "2"
Option II
Maximum points: 21 + add. scores
Number of points Score 19-21 "5"
16-18 "4"
12-15 "3"
0-10 "2"

Information block

1. The use of a word in an unusual sense:

- ignorance of the meaning of the word.

He put his feet into the bit and rode at a trot.

Bit- a device made of iron rods attached to a bridle and inserted into the horse's mouth. I should have used the word stirrup.

- mixing of paronyms... Compare: The person leads a festive life. I'm in an idle mood today.

Festive - adjective for holiday

Idle - not filled, not busy.

Violation lexical compatibility.

Words cannot always be combined with each other.

Errors of this type are due to the fact that the speaker or writer does not notice that

Words contradict each other, one excludes the other in meaning: dance song

One is positive and the other is negative: hordes of toilers

Diverse in style: a new cowshed and a bathhouse were erected on the collective farm

Incompatible by tradition: you can fulfill desire - it is impossible fulfill a dream, there can be strong affection, passion, hatred - it cannot be strong friendship.

The use of unnecessary words.

A word is superfluous, the use of which does not add anything to what has been said and does not specify anything in it. A very beautiful day - " fine ”denotes the highest degree of quality, very good; introductory preamble - the preamble is the "preamble"

Pleonasm- the use in the speech of those close in meaning, therefore, logically redundant words. He holds the steering wheel firmly in his hands.

Tautology and inappropriate repetition of words.

Tautology- this is a close use of the same root words, parodied in the expression "oil oil", "I will tell in a story."

Another mistake is inappropriate repetition of words: The traitor was hanged, and a plaque was hung on his chest, on which they wrote what he was hanged for. the reasons for these errors are speech poverty and the underdevelopment of "speech hearing".

Errors in the use of pronouns.

A pile of pronouns creates ambiguity in the text and sometimes a comic effect is born. The phrase “Arkady and Boris argued again, and he was surprised at how quiet his speech sounded” can be understood in 4 versions.

Use of clichés and stamps.

Stationery - words and expressions, the use of which is assigned to formal business style, but in other styles they are inappropriate, they are stamps. There is a lack of spare parts. A lot of work is being done at the plant along the lines of the trade union organization. A forest of hands rose during the vote.

Training exercises

Task 1. Find words in sentences that are used without taking into account their lexical meaning. Correct the mistakes.

1. Ivanov, you are back late for the lecture. 2. Our homeland was exposed to the invasion of German fascism. 3. All around was pitch darkness. 4. They are ready to give the school any gratitude, if only the child becomes a student. 5. Police officers detained a galaxy of unbelievable hooligans. 6. The design of your term paper is much to be desired. 7. Birches are sleeping in a wedding shroud. 8. The park has beautiful architecture. 8. We were shocked by the wonderful acting. 9. Our country is not the last in the production of industry. 10. Once I tried to express my thoughts on this question.

Task 2. Note the cases of lexical incongruity of words.

1. Show desire, show care, show discipline, show slowness, show respect, show rudeness, show order, show indifference. 2. Achieve success, achieve advancement, achieve order, achieve victory, achieve fulfillment, achieve happiness. 3. To show confidence, to provide assistance, to provide friendship, to show inattention, to provide an objection, to provide assistance. 4. Make a mistake, make a mistake, make a mistake, make a rude, make a mess. 5. Conduct a meeting, conduct an assessment, carry out restructuring, organize, redevelop. 6. Get rid of shortcomings, get rid of losses, get rid of mismanagement, get rid of the dirt in the room.

Task 3. Find errors in word usage in the proposed texts and correct them.

1. They worked like the most notorious specialists.
2. Our soldiers have accomplished many heroic deeds.
3. The truthful portrayal of life, the lack of externally effective scenes only intensified the impact of this film.
4. Sholokhov portrayed the images of three communists.
5. Take bread for yourself, it is still uselessly lost.
6. He looked out of the train window at the cavalcade of rocks, trees, bushes sweeping past.
7. Buds burst with a quiet noise, early bees hummed.
8. Illegal pilfering of state property is evident.
9. The number of working hours in the surgical department was irregular.
10. For his conscientious work, Dr. Petrov was given an award.

Task 4. Find violations of lexical norms, explain the reasons for speech errors.

1. He studied at the Conservatory of Music. 2. An exchange of experience took place. 3. He had a presentiment of this turn in his destiny in advance. 4. The Hermitage is the most valuable cultural treasury. 5. We quickly ran down the escalator. 6. The luxurious interior of the palace will be remembered for a long time. 7. Fire contributes to burns. 8. Cancer-causing viruses are being treated. 9. You can ask your questions. 10. The cleanliness of the environment is of growing concern.

Task 5. Write down the words used without taking into account the meaning, correct mistakes.

1. In the 14th century, architecture began to flourish in Russia.
2. He is trying his best to draw attention to Sophia.
3. Our class is considered economic, that is, we are future managers.
4. The audience scanned: "Bravo, Silvini!"
5. The entire audience was already in triumph.
6. The paragraphs of the textbook on literature contain quotations from works.
7. We must not forget that our goods are imported.
8. A concert was performed in honor of those who came to the evening.
9. the remains of the royal family have finally been discovered.
10. My friend had her appendicitis cut out.

Task 6. Find redundant phrases.

The main essence, the essence of the matter, the first baptism of fire, the landscape of the area, a memorable souvenir, the period of time, to be demobilized in the fall, to be demobilized from the army, the debut of a young ballerina, to debut for the first time, put into operation, permanent weekly headings, weekly performances, a vacancy.

Test tasks

Option 1

1. Words are not paronyms

a) idealistic - idealistic

b) mental - intellectual

c) romantic - romantic

d) criminal - criminogenic

2. Correctly constructed phrases

a) promote someone in the position

b) promote

c) introduce activities

d) make sure about the merits of the work

3. Words are combined with inanimate nouns

a) unbearable

b) lucky

c) patient

d) tolerant

4. Correctly constructed phrase

a) vacancy

b) a monumental monument

c) timing of time

d) an ordinary miracle

5. Correctly constructed sentence

a) This film made an indelible impression on her.

b) I get the idea that you are unclear about the situation.

c) They played a major role in this story.

d) Finally, this puzzle has been unraveled: three bandits have been detained.

6. Correctly constructed sentences

a) If we succeed in the elections, we will change the economic situation.

b) I would not like to go into comments on this issue.

c) We got unexpected results.

d) The athlete performed his exercises with pathos.

b) I am against extremes and sudden conclusions.

c) I cannot refuse the temptation to quote Dostoevsky.

d) Please pay for the fare.

a) selfless misconduct

b) top priority

c) present a valuable gift

d) tactical move

9. Combinations of words are correct

a) efficient gaze

b) business look

c) nationalist budget

d) satirical work

10. Combine words with animate nouns

a) noise

b) economical

c) noisy

d) loud

Option 2

1. The word is superfluous in the synonymous row

b) ignorant

c) layman

d) ignorant

2. Synonym for the word pleonasm

a) redundancy

b) tautology

c) imagery

d) colorfulness

3. Correctly constructed phrases

a) jump from a parachute

b) take action

c) earned fame

d) gained fame

4. Words combine with animate nouns

a) low-power

b) economical

c) economical

d) sincere

5. Correctly constructed phrases

a) an outstanding virtuoso

c) put on a coat

d) contagious infection

6. Correctly constructed sentence

a) We attach great importance to the education of our students.

b) When you are nervous, appetite is often played out.

c) It doesn't matter.

d) The film will help viewers to get an opinion about Russia.

7. Correctly constructed sentences

a) We failed to anticipate these events.

b) The election results will be summed up after the court decision.

c) The tasks set by us have been achieved.

d) Visitors made noise in the administrator's office

8. Combinations of words are correct

a) the main point

b) obvious fact

c) a memorable souvenir

d) tactical handling

9. Correctly constructed phrases

a) hotel room

b) wooded river

c) advance payment

d) practical color

10. Correctly constructed phrases

a) a sudden decision

b) cost reduction

c) jump from a parachute

d) rise in price

Section 3. Phraseologisms

Information block

In the Russian language, there are two types of word combinations: free and not free (stable). Stable word combinations are called phraseological units, and the section of linguistics that studies them is called phraseology. Unlike free phrases, phraseological units have lexical meaning not every word individually, but the whole phrase as a whole, therefore, phraseological units in a sentence are one member of a sentence. One of characteristic features phraseological units that distinguish them from free combinations of words is a figurative meaning. Phraseologisms can have homonyms, synonyms, antonyms, differ stylistic coloring, are different in origin. In particular, many phraseological units have passed into the literary language from the speech of representatives of various professions: hit the tone, play first violin- from the speech of musicians; cut into a nut, without a knot, without a hitch- from the speech of carpenters; gild the pill, in an hour a teaspoon, in healthy body healthy mind- from the speech of health workers.

Some phraseological phrases are based on the facts of Russian history: put the case on the back burner, shout at all Ivanovskaya.

The origin of other phraseological units is associated with the legends and facts of ancient history: with a shield or on a shield, Procrustean bed, clean out the Augean stables... Some of them came to us from religious books: cherish like the apple of your eye, Babylonian pandemonium.

Phraseological turns are stable combinations, therefore, an arbitrary change in their properties, the replacement of one word with another violates the integrity of the phraseological unit, and leads to speech errors. Typical mistakes when using phraseological units:

Replacing components ( sort out from empty to empty, the lion's share);

Reduction or expansion of the composition of the phraseological phrase ( leave much to be desired- instead of leave a lot to be desired; well, at least hit the wall- instead of bang your head against the wall)

Ignorance of the meaning of phraseological units ( Khlestakov throws beads in front of the pigs, and everyone believes him);

Grammatical modification ( they scolded what the light was on, sits with folded hands, put it on her bare foot).

Training exercises

Task 1. Continue phraseological units, explain the meaning.

1. Regardless ... 2. Storm in ... 3. Seven miles away ... 4. Kiseynaya ... 5. Hunger ... 6. Dance from ... 7. Wait at ... 8. Wolf ... 9. Having ears ... 10. See no further ...

Task 2. Replace with one word.

Hack on the nose, on your mind, chickens do not peck, wag their tail, veto, lather your neck, lick your fingers, hang your ears, circle your finger, bite your tongue.

Task 3. Replace the free combination with a phraseological unit.

1. Take control of yourself, calm down. 2. Attract attention to yourself, be especially noticeable. 3. Temporarily, illegal. 4. Do as you did when you were young. 5. To achieve a good position in life, in society. 6. Think hard on a difficult question. 7. Enough, without limitation. 8. Endless repetition of the same. 9. Remember it well. 10. Nothing matters, nothing is scary.

Task 4. Find errors in the proposed texts and correct them.

1. He poked his fingers into the sky.
2. The neighbor sucks all the veins out of him
3. Anatomy has an important role to play in the training of the healthcare professional.
4. Well, let him go, put a tablecloth on his way.
5. This problem is not worth a damn.
6. Our parents worked tirelessly.
7. In the lesson, he outlined the main essence of the book.
8. The route of the convoy is determined in advance.
9. An hour later, he looked like a scalded chicken in front of his superiors.
10. The picture evokes a miserable mood.
11. The patient answers questions with a guilty look.
12. The floor is presented to the dean.
13. Patients were walking in the hospital garden along the shady side of the alley.

Task 5.

Similar information.

In the process of literary editing of a manuscript, the editor often has to mark errors in word usage. The wrong choice of the word makes the speech inaccurate, and sometimes distorts the meaning of the statement: The weather was accompanied by a good rest (instead of favorable); Martens will soon have an inheritance (meaning offspring); I want to continue the family dynasty and therefore decided to become an officer (instead of tradition). In such cases, they talk about using the word without regard to its semantics. Such lexical errors occur as a result of stylistic negligence of the author, inattention to the word or poor knowledge of the language. So, in a newspaper article we read: New railways will arise in difficult areas for development. The word "to arise" means "to appear, to begin, to form, to arise", it is not suitable for the name of an action that requires significant effort. Suspicion, anxiety, doubt (spontaneous states) may arise, difficulties, obstacles arise ... Railways cannot arise, they are laid by people.

The use of words without taking into account their semantics changes the meaning of the statement: The beginning of 1992 was marked by worsening climatic conditions - blizzards, a sharp drop in temperature. The author meant, of course, the weather conditions (bad weather), the climate could not change in one year.

When reading a manuscript, the editor has to weigh each word, eliminating such errors. Stylistic editing in such cases is often reduced to a simple lexical substitution:

1. Mineral and vitamin supplements introduced into the diet are very high in calories. - Mineral and vitamin supplements introduced into the diet are very beneficial.

2. Platinum resistance thermometers work in difficult conditions. - Platinum resistance thermometers are used in harsh environments.

3. We focus on the development of product quality. - We care about improving product quality.

However, sometimes, in order to achieve accuracy and clarity, you have to resort to more complex types of edits, updating the lexical composition of the sentence, changing the wording, and rebuilding the structure. Let's consider examples of such stylistic editing:

1. After a call, people find it difficult to get into the hall, they have to queue for a long time because of the narrow door. “After the bell rings, people crowd around the narrow door and cannot enter the hall for a long time.

2. The sphere of formation of a person's social consciousness, his moral qualities, spiritual life is fiction... - Fiction has a huge impact on the formation of a person's social consciousness, his moral principles, and his spiritual life.

The use of words without taking into account their semantics can cause illogical and even absurdity of the statement.

In one essay it was written: "... And our Far Eastern birches stand in their wedding shroud" (the author confused shroud and veil).

Such errors arise under the influence of false associations. At the entrance exam to the Academy of Printing, the young man wrote in his essay: “I know that the ancestors of A.S. Pushkin ”(of course, he meant the poet's descendants). The absurdity of the statement in such cases gives the phrase a comic sound.

The inaccuracy of word usage is explained not only by the low speech culture the author; sometimes they deliberately do not want to use this or that word in order to disguise the negative meaning of the statement. They write: he fantasizes instead of lying, accepted gifts instead of taking bribes, etc. Let us recall an episode from the story of A.I. Kuprin “Inquiry”: “Ask him, did he take the bootlegs from Esipaki?

The lieutenant was again convinced of his inexperience and cowardice, because out of some bashful and delicate feeling he could not pronounce the real word "stole." Words and expressions that soften the coarse sense of speech are called euphemisms (from gr. Eu - good, phēmi - I say). The euphemistic nature of speech is often explained by the author's desire to blunt the critical acuteness of the statement when describing the negative phenomena of our life. For example, in a local newspaper, the correspondent reported: The collective farm board paid little attention to the protection of public property, while it should be admitted that the collective farm board was irresponsible in protecting public property (or turned a blind eye to the plundering of public property). Inaccuracy of speech in such cases leads the reader away from the truth, distorts the meaning.

Choosing the wrong word can cause various speech errors. So, due to imprecise word usage, anachronism may arise (violation of chronological accuracy when using words associated with a certain historical era): Ancient rome plebeians dissatisfied with the laws organized rallies (the word “rally” appeared much later, and in England); In the 18th century, several printing houses were closed in Leningrad (the name of the city on the Neva, which the author used, was unknown in the 18th century, it should have been written: in St. Petersburg).

Incorrect use of words often leads to logical errors... Among them we will call alogism - a comparison of incomparable concepts, for example: The syntax of encyclopedic articles is different from other scientific articles. It turns out that the syntax is compared with scientific articles... Eliminating illogism, you can write: The syntax of encyclopedic articles differs from the syntax of other scientific articles, or: The syntax of encyclopedic articles has a number of features that are unusual for the syntax of other scientific articles. Often, the identification of alogism does not cause difficulties; stylistic editing in these cases is simple: 1. The beak of the hazel grouse does not differ in color from the common hazel grouse. - The beak of the hazel grouse does not differ in color from the beak of the common hazel grouse.

2. The composition of Turkmen fairy tales has much in common with European fairy tales. - The composition of Turkmen fairy tales has a lot in common with the composition of European fairy tales.

3. A breakdown in a car can be compared to unhealthy person, and a locksmith - with a doctor. - A breakdown in a car can be compared to a human disease, and a locksmith is like a doctor.

However, sometimes illogisms are not so obvious, and in order to eliminate them, you have to significantly change the author's text. For example: Our knowledge of the wealth of the bowels of the earth is only a small part of the hidden, even greater wealth. We can offer the following options for stylistic editing of this phrase: We still know so little about the richest deposits of minerals, the secret of which is kept by the bowels of the earth; In the bowels of the earth are hidden tremendous riches, about which we still know so little; Our knowledge of minerals is still so incomplete! We know only about an insignificant part of the wealth hidden in the bowels of the earth.

The reason for the inconsistency of the statement can be the substitution of the concept, which often arises as a result of incorrect use of words: It is bad when the same film name is shown in all the cinemas of the city. Of course, the film is shown, not its title. One could write: It is bad when the same film is shown in all the cinemas of the city. Similar errors in speech also arise as a result of insufficiently clear differentiation of concepts, for example: The theater staff is waiting for the approach of the day of the premiere with particular excitement (they are not waiting for the approach of the premiere, but when the premiere will take place).

In the case of a substitution of a concept, stylistic editing can be different: sometimes it is enough to replace an unsuccessfully used word, in other cases, lexical replacement is combined with the use of new, clarifying words, and finally, sometimes it is necessary to redo the sentence in order to correctly convey the author's thought. The hospitable hosts treat guests with a varied selection of national dishes. - The hospitable hosts treat guests with a variety of national dishes. 2. The film ends with a theater curtain with the emblem of The Seagull. - At the end of the film, we see on the screen a theater curtain with the emblem of "The Seagull". 3. It's frosty, and the work is in full swing, because the airport workers are tired of such a long time of bad weather. - It's frosty, and people are working, because the airport workers are tired of the forced inaction during bad weather.

The unjustified expansion or narrowing of the concept arising from the mixing of generic and species categories makes our speech illogical: With good care from each animal, you can puff 12 liters of milk (you should have used not the generic name - animal, but the specific name - cow); At any time of the day, medicine should come to the aid of the child. It was necessary to write: At any time of the day, medicine must come to the aid of the patient (after all, not only children need medical help).

Especially often one has to observe the use of a generic name instead of a specific one, and this not only deprives speech of accuracy, leads to the loss of those specific information that make up the living fabric of the narrative, but also gives the style an official, sometimes clerical, color. Generic names often seem to the speaker more significant, create the impression of the "importance" of the statement. Therefore, as noted by the writer P. Nilin, “a person who wants to speak“ uncivilized ”sometimes hesitates to call a hat a hat and a jacket a jacket. And instead he pronounces strict words: a headdress or an outer garment "(Nilin P. The danger is not there // New world... - 1958. - No. 4.). K.I. Chukovsky, in his book "Alive as Life", recalled how during the preparation of the radio program they "edited" the speech of a young writer who was going to say: "Heavy rains have passed." "The head of the club winced:

That won't do. It should be more literary. Write better like this: "Heavy rainfall fell."

Unfortunately, this unjustified addiction to generic names becomes a kind of stencil: some authors, without hesitation, give preference to atmospheric precipitation over rains, showers, drizzle, snow, blizzard; green spaces - in front of lilacs, jasmine, mountain ash, bird cherry; water bodies - in front of lakes, ponds, rivers, streams ... The replacement of species categories by generic ones makes our speech colorless, official. It is no coincidence that the great artist of the word S.Ya. Marshak addressed his contemporaries with a bitter reproach: "... Lunches and suppers we called food, and the room was our living space."

The reason for the illogicality of the statement, the distortion of its meaning sometimes lies in the fuzzy distinction between concrete and abstract concepts, for example: You need to think about feed for the winter for public livestock (meaning, of course, feed for animals, livestock).

Consider examples of stylistic editing of sentences in which the illogicality of the statement is a consequence of an unjustified expansion of the concept or its narrowing, replacing a specific concept with an abstract one:

1. We were told about the writer and read excerpts from his work. - We were told about the writer and read excerpts from his works.

2. The temperamental rhythm of Brazilian folk music lasted for three hours. - The temperamental Brazilian folk music lasted for three hours.

The New Year tree has become a favorite holiday of our childhood. - The New Year tree has become a favorite holiday for our children.

The distortion of the meaning and even the absurdity of the statement arise as a result of the discrepancy between the premise and the effect, for example: The rate of reproduction of pests depends on how persistently and systematically the fight against them is carried out. It turns out that the more they fight pests, the faster they multiply. In this case, one should write not about the reproduction of pests, but about the destruction, then the thought would be formulated correctly. Various options for stylistic editing of the proposal are acceptable: The speed of destruction of pests depends on how persistently and systematically the fight against them is carried out; Persistent pest control leads to faster destruction; To quickly destroy pests, it is necessary to wage a stubborn and systematic struggle with them; With persistent pest control, you can quickly achieve their destruction, etc.

Logical errors in speech are a great evil: they not only give rise to ambiguity of the statement, distort its meaning, but also lead to absurdity, inappropriate comic speech. Parodic sounding of certain statements in such cases negates their informative value. One ad, touting the pill for those looking to lose weight, claims that the firm guarantees a 100 percent weight reduction.

Another example. Working on the manuscript of the article "Physical Education and Health", the editor finds in it the reasoning:

Old age is not terrible, but decrepitude, therefore it is better to die young and healthy. Many people think so.

The absurdity of the statement in this case arose due to the fact that the author did not notice the substitution of the concept, using the word die, but should have written: It would be nice to stay young and healthy until the end of life, or: To keep vigor and health to a ripe old age. An attentive attitude to vocabulary, the correct choice of words, a thoughtful analysis of the logical aspect of speech will help the author and editor avoid such mistakes.

Golub I.B.

Stylistics of the Russian language