the main > Wells > What is an elderly definition by history in short. Elderly is not only age. Let's turn to the explanatory dictionary. Of these monuments in the XVI century. was built

What is an elderly definition by history in short. Elderly is not only age. Let's turn to the explanatory dictionary. Of these monuments in the XVI century. was built

In the understanding of many, the word "elderly" is associated with old age. This is the name of people who have crossed a certain age line. However, this concept is much broader than we used to think. There are some interesting historical facts, which will be able to expand the horizons of the reader and allow him to navigate in the various meanings of the word. How little we know about the etymology of words, their meaning and variations. An educated person should always be at informational height.

Let's turn to historical sources

Elderly is a fixed fee, which was practiced in the Russian state at the end of the 15th - beginning of the 17th century. Every peasant who decided to leave his master and become free was obliged to pay for it. There were also certain time frames for payment, no less interesting: a week before the autumn holiday of St. George's Day (November 2 according to the old style, December 9 according to the new) and a week after.

Now, if you are asked the question: "Elderly - what is it?" - you will not give an example of a person's age, but remember the history of great Russia and answer it correctly. For the first time, the concept is old (this is exactly sum of money) was mentioned in an official document called "Code of Laws", the entries in which began in 1497. There was even the number of a specific article - 57. This fact meant that the fee had to be paid rigorously, without disputes and claims. Those who evaded payment were threatened with a fine, which at that time significantly hit the pocket of the poor peasant.

Fee amount

On average, the size of an elderly person (depending on the degree of distance from the area from the forest) was a ruble, if a person lived in a wooded area - half a dollar. The rewritten "Code of Laws" from 1550 (the article was also modified - it was already at number 88) made its own adjustments to the size of the elderly. At that time it was two altyns. It would be superfluous to say that the elderly is a merciless extortion, which was not available to every peasant. He might not have earned that kind of money from the owner. There was only one way out - not to go anywhere, continuing to work in the sweat of your brow, and not to dream of the long-awaited freedom in the near future.

When in the XVI-XVII centuries. the right to leave the peasant from his owner was abolished at the legislative level, the concept of "elderly" disappeared as such. Almost a century later, the situation has changed a little and the elderly - this was already a fine for accepting and sheltering fugitive peasants on their territory. Due to the fact that the payment for compassion was rather big, there were very few who wanted to shelter the unfortunate.

Back to the age of the person

Another phrase we will consider is - elderly people. This is a category of the population that has lived for a certain number of years. They, as a rule, are already slowly moving away from active participation in labor and socially active activities. This concept is identical to the retirement age. To correctly determine when a person will reach a given milestone, you need to take into account many factors. The main ones are social, economic, medical and cultural. Here is a specific example: if a man or woman has not yet reached retirement age, but cannot participate in labor activities under the same conditions as before, they are not considered elderly. And some, even after 60 years, remain extremely active and can easily be young. Thus, medical and social factors do not always coincide and sometimes run counter to each other.

But in general, older people are, according to the WHO classification, those who have already turned 60, but have not turned 74 (then senile age follows).

Old age or experience

For a person who is no longer young, sometimes heightened demands are made on the part of society. Sometimes this is a public display of disdain. An elderly person is, according to some, already waste material, no matter how it sounds. But this approach is a road to nowhere. We must not forget that it was today's elderly people who provided us with certain level life, even if not always the way we would like. Old or old man- this is life, and he deserves honor and respect. Don't forget this. Anyone who does not honor old age, does not value its experience, is unlikely to receive many privileges in the future. In addition, the years will fly by, and everyone will be in the status of an elderly person. Much depends on how much sensitivity, kindness and compassion is invested in each child or teenager - our future and our dignified old age depend on it.

Russia in the 14-16th centuries Option 8.

Part A.

1. An outstanding monument of the tent style is:

a) Izborsk fortress

c) the Church of Fyodor Stratilat in Novgorod

d) Archangel Cathedral of the Moscow Kremlin

Weather records historical events- this is;

a) teachings c) chronicles

b) epics d) lives

3. The pinnacle of Russian architecture is:

b) The Faceted Chamber in the Moscow Kremlin

c) English courtyard in Moscow

d) Intercession Cathedral (St. Basil's Cathedral)

4. A collection of entertaining and didactic works on world history was called:

a) Cheti-Milei

b) "Apostle"

c) "Chronograph"

d) "Domostroy"

5. Of these monuments in the XVI century. was built:

a) Church of the Transfiguration of the Savior in Novgorod

b) the Church of the Ascension in the village of Kolomenskoye

c) Church of the Intercession on the Nerl

d) Dmitrievsky Cathedral in Vladimir

6. Contemporaries were:

a) Andrey Rublev, Dmitry Donskoy

b) Aristotle Fioravanti, Ivan Sh

c) Ivan Fedorov. Ivan Kalita

d) Theophanes the Greek, Alexander Nevsky

7. A number of dates associated with the struggle of the Russian people against the German and Swedish knights are:

a) 1237, 1238

b) 1240, 1242,

c) 1243, 1252

d) 1262, 1263

8. One of the results of the reign of Ivan Kalita was:

a) the transformation of the Moscow principality into one of the strongest in Russia

b) getting rid of the Horde yoke

c) the end of the princely strife in the Russian land

d) the formation of a unified Russian state

9. The result of the princely congress in Lyubech was:

a) the establishment of the principle of reign, which consolidated the beginning of the division of the Russian lands

b) the unification of all military forces of the principalities to repel external enemies

c) strengthening the power of the great Kiev prince

d) the establishment of a new procedure for collecting tribute

10. The Supreme Council under the prince (king) is:

a) Boyar Duma c) the sovereign court

b) Zemsky Sobor d) Senate

11. Of the above events, it belongs to the time of the oprichnina:

a) the meeting of the first Zemsky Sobor

b) the defeat of Novgorod

c) the creation of a streltsy army

d) the siege of Pskov

12. Read the passage and identify which document it comes from:

“If a slave hits a free husband and hides with his master, and he does not want to betray him, then he leaves the slave with him and pays the offended 12 hryvnia; and then if where he meets the struck offender [slave], then he has the right to beat him. "

a) Yaroslav's truth

b) "The Tale of Bygone Years"

c) Code of Law of Ivan III

d) Ivan IV's Code of Law

13. Literary work dedicated to the Battle of Kulikovo:

a) "Word about the destruction of the Russian land"

b) "Zadonshchina"

c) * Domostroy *

d) "The story of the Grand Duke of Moscow *

14. The introduction of St. George's Day meant:

a) the establishment of a single time for the entire country for the transition of peasants from one owner to another

b) determination of the amount of payment for living on the land of the owner

c) prohibition of the transfer of peasants from one owner to another

d) the establishment of a certain period for the capture of fugitive peasants

15. In "The Lay of Igor's Campaign":

b) the ideal image of the prince-defender of the Russian land was created

c) it was said about the need for a strong sole power of the prince

d) the feat of the prince in the fight against the Polovtsy was famous

16. The event described in the Lay of Igor's Campaign refers to:

a) 1097 c) 1174

b) 1147 d) 1185

17. As a result of the Battle of Kulikovo:

a) the Horde yoke was eliminated

b) Russian troops defeated the main forces of the Horde

c) Mongol-Tatars burned many cities and fortresses

d) the Golden Horde collapsed

Elderly in Russia XV-XVI centuries. - this is

a) the form of tribute collected from the indigenous peoples of Siberia

b) housekeeping rules

d) payment of the peasant to the landowner when transferring to another owner

19. Which of the following events happened before the others:

a) standing on the Ugra river

b) Moscow strife

c) the first Zemsky Sobor

d) Battle of Molodi

20. The positive result of the Livonian War was:

a) the death of the Livonian Order

b) preservation of the fortress of Narva, Ivan-gorod for Russia

c) Russia's acquisition of access to the Baltic Sea

d) defeat of Sweden

II. The tasks of part B.

ELDERLY

the duty, which the peasant paid when refusing and leaving his owner a week before and a week after St. George's day of autumn. P. was first mentioned in the Code of Laws 1497 in Art. 57. The full size of the property (in a remote area from the forest - 1 ruble, in a wooded area - half a ton) was paid after 4 years of residence of peasants on the land of the feudal lord, one-quarter was paid for 1 year, half was paid for 2, etc. According to BD Grekov, P. was charged primarily from the peasants-new contractors. L. V. Cherepnin believes that the payment of P. is the general norm for all categories of the peasantry. Code of Law 1550 (Article 88) increased the size of P. by 2 altyns; here it was clarified that P. is collected "from the gate," that is, from the yard as a household. units, and it is indicated that P. is not paid by rural priests and peasants who were sold from arable land to full slaves. In connection with the abolition of the right to leave the peasants from their owners, P. disappears from sources for DOS. ter. Rus. state-va in the con. 16th century and everywhere in the 17th century.

Lit .: Code of Laws of the XV-XVI centuries, M.-L., 1952; Grekov B.D., Peasants in Russia from ancient times to the 17th century, 2nd ed., Book. 2, M.-L., 1954; Cherepnin L.V., Education Rus. centralization. state-va in the XIV-XV centuries, M., 1960; Koretsky V.I., From the history of enslavement of peasants in Russia at the end. XVI - early. XVII century, "ISSSR", 957, No 1.

V.D. Nazarov. Moscow.

Soviet Historical Encyclopedia. - M .: Soviet encyclopedia. Ed. E. M. Zhukova. 1973-1982 .

See what "OLDER" is in other dictionaries:

ELDERLY, elderly, pl. no, cf. (colloquial obsolete). Domestic workers' wages for hours worked. || Payment for renting a dwelling. Ushakov's explanatory dictionary. D.N. Ushakov. 1935 1940 ... Ushakov's Explanatory Dictionary

The duty in Russia at the end of the 17th century, which a peasant paid when leaving his owner a week before and a week after St. George's day of autumn ... Legal Dictionary

In the Russian state 15-17 centuries. cash collection from peasants when they leave (peasant exit) from landowners on St. George's Day. Introduced by the Code of Law 1497. Disappeared with the complete enslavement of the peasants. In the 17th and 18th centuries. a fine for accepting runaway peasants ... Big Encyclopedic Dictionary

ELDERLY, in the 15th-17th centuries. cash collection from peasants when they leave the landowners on St. George's Day (see EXIT PEASANT). First mentioned in the Code of Laws 1497. Disappeared at the end of the 16th-17th centuries. in connection with the abolition of the right to leave the peasants from their owners. At 17 18 ... Russian history

Wow; Wed In Russia in the 15th and 17th centuries: monetary payment that the peasant gave to the landowner in the event of his transfer to another landowner. * * * elderly in the Russian state of the XV XVII centuries. cash collection from peasants when they leave (peasant exit) ... encyclopedic Dictionary

A duty in Russia at the end of the 15th and 17th centuries, which a peasant paid when leaving his owner a week before and a week after St. George's Day (See St. George's Day) in the fall. P. was first mentioned in the Code of Laws 1497 (Article 57). Full size P. (in the remote ... ... Great Soviet Encyclopedia

Elderly

duty in Russia at the end of the 15th and 17th centuries, which the peasant paid when leaving his owner a week before and a week after St. George's Day (See St. George's Day) in the fall. P. was first mentioned in the Code of Laws 1497 (Article 57). The full size of the farm (in a remote area from the forest - 1 ruble, in a wooded area - half a ton) was paid after the peasants lived for 4 years on the land of the feudal lord, one-quarter was paid for 1 year, half was paid for 2 years, etc. Code of Law 1550 (Art. 88) increased the size of P. by 2 altyns (6 kopecks), it was also clarified here that P. is collected from the yard as an economic unit. Due to the abolition of the right of peasants to leave their owners, P. disappeared at the end of the 16th and 17th centuries.

Great Soviet Encyclopedia. - M .: Soviet encyclopedia. 1969-1978 .

See what "Elderly" is in other dictionaries:

Legal Dictionary

The duty to the rue was paid by the peasant upon refusal and withdrawal from his owner a week before and a week after St. George's autumn day. For the first time P. was mentioned in the Code of Laws 1497 in Art. 57. Full size of P. (in an area remote from the forest 1 rub., In a wooded ... ... Soviet Historical Encyclopedia

elderly- the duty in Russia at the end of the 17th centuries, which the peasant paid when leaving his owner a week before and a week after St. George's day of autumn ... Big Law Dictionary