A brief retelling of the captain's daughter 1. The captain's daughter. The main characters of "The Captain's Daughter"
There are times when you need to quickly familiarize yourself with a book, but there is no time to read. For such cases, there is a brief retelling (brief). "The Captain's Daughter" is a story from the school curriculum, which certainly deserves attention, at least in a brief retelling.
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The main characters of "The Captain's Daughter"
Before you get acquainted with the short story "The Captain's Daughter", you need to get acquainted with the main characters.
The Captain's Daughter tells about several months in the life of Pyotr Andreevich Grinev, a hereditary nobleman. He is doing military service in the Belogorodskaya fortress during the peasant unrest under the leadership of Yemelyan Pugachev. This story is told by Peter Grinev himself with the help of entries in his diary.
Main characters
Minor characters
Chapter I
Peter Grinev's father, even before his birth, enlisted in the ranks of sergeants of the Semyonovsky regiment, since he himself was a retired officer.
At the age of five, he assigned his son a personal servant named Arkhip Savelich. His task was to educate him as a real master. Arkhip Savelich taught little Peter a lot, for example, to understand the breeds of hunting dogs, Russian literacy and much more.
Four years later, his father sends sixteen-year-old Peter to the service of his good friend in Orenburg. Servant Savelich goes with Peter. In Simbirsk, Grinev meets a man named Zurin. He teaches Peter to play billiards. Having drunk, Grinev loses one hundred rubles to the military.
Chapter II
Grinev and Savelich got lost on the way to the place of service, but a bystander showed them the way to the inn. There Peter examines the guide- he looks about forty years old, he has a black beard, a strong physique, and in general he looks like a robber. Having entered into conversation with the innkeeper, they discussed something in a foreign language.
The guide is practically undressed, and therefore Grinev decides to present him with a hare sheepskin coat. The sheepskin coat was so small for him that he literally burst at the seams, but despite this, he was glad of the gift and promised never to forget this good deed. A day later, young Peter, arriving in Orenburg, introduces himself to the general, and he sends him to the Belgorod fortress - to serve under the command of Captain Mironov. Not without the help of Father Peter, of course.
Chapter III
Grinev arrives at the Belgorod Fortress, which is a village surrounded by a high wall and one cannon. Captain Mironov, under whose leadership Peter came to serve, was a gray-haired old man, and under his command two officers and about a hundred soldiers serve. One of the officers is the one-eyed old lieutenant Ivan Ignatyich, the second is called Alexei Shvabrin - he was exiled to this place as punishment for a duel.
The newly arrived Peter met Alexei Shvabrin the same evening. Shvabrin told about each of the captain's family: his wife Vasilisa Yegorovna and their daughter Masha. Vasilisa commands both her husband and the entire garrison. And daughter Masha is a very cowardly girl. Later, Grinev himself met Vasilisa and Masha, and also with the sergeant Maksimych ... He is very scared by that that the upcoming service will be boring and very long.
Chapter IV
Grinev liked the fortress, despite the experiences of Maksimych. The soldiers here are treated without special severity, despite the fact that the captain at least occasionally arranges exercises, but they still cannot distinguish between "left" and "right". In the house of Captain Mironov, Pyotr Grinev becomes almost a member of the family, and also falls in love with his daughter Masha.
In one of the outbursts of feelings, Grinev devotes poems to Masha and reads them to the only one in the castle who understands poetry - Shvabrina. Shvabrin in a very rude manner makes fun of his feelings and says that earrings - it is a more useful gift... Grinev is offended by this too harsh criticism in his direction, and he calls him a liar in return, and Alexey, on emotions, challenges him to a duel.
An agitated Peter wants to call Ivan Ignatyich as his second, but the old man thinks that such a showdown is too much. After lunch, Pyotr tells Shvabrin that Ivan Ignatyich did not agree to be a second. Shvabrin proposes to conduct a duel without seconds.
Having met early in the morning, they did not have time to sort out the relationship in a duel, because they were immediately tied up and taken into custody by soldiers under the command of the lieutenant. Vasilisa Yegorovna forces them to pretend that they have made up, and after that they are released from custody. Peter learns from Masha - the whole point is that Alexei has already received a refusal from her, which is why he behaved so aggressively.
This all did not cool their ardor, and they meet the next day by the river to bring the matter to an end. Peter had almost defeated the officer in a fair fight, but was distracted by the call. It was Savelich. Turning to a familiar voice, Grinev is wounded in the chest area.
Chapter V
The injury turned out to be so serious that Peter woke up only on the fourth day. Shvabrin decides to make peace with Peter, they apologize to each other. Taking advantage of the moment that Masha is caring for the sick Peter, he confesses his love to her and receives reciprocity in return.
Enamored and inspired Grinev writes a letter home asking for a blessing for the wedding. In response, a stern letter comes with a refusal and the sad news of the death of his mother. Peter thinks that his mother died when she found out about the duel, and suspects Savelich of the denunciation.
The offended servant shows proof to Peter: a letter from his father, where he scolds and scolds him because he did not tell about the injury. After a while, suspicions lead Peter to the idea that Shvabrin did this to prevent them and Masha from happiness and disrupt the wedding. Upon learning that her parents are not giving her blessings, Mary refuses to marry.
CHAPTER VI
In October 1773, very quickly rumor spreads about the Pugachev revolt, despite the fact that Mironov tried to keep it a secret. The captain decides to send Maksimych to reconnaissance. Maksimych returns two days later and reports that a tremendous excitement is rising among the Cossacks.
At the same time, Maksimych is reported that he went over to the side of Pugachev and incited the Cossacks to start a riot. Maksimych was arrested, and in his place they put the person who reported on him - the baptized Kalmyk Yulai.
Further events pass very quickly: the sergeant Maksimych escapes from custody, one of Pugachev's people is taken prisoner, but it is impossible to ask him about anything, because he does not have a language. The neighboring fortress has been captured, and very soon the rebels will be under the walls of this fortress as well. Vasilisa and her daughter are going to Orenburg.
Chapter vii
The next morning a bunch of fresh news reaches Grinev: the Cossacks left the fortress, taking Yulai prisoner; Masha did not have time to get to Orenburg and the road was blocked. By order of the captain, the rebel patrols are shot from the cannon.
Soon, the main army of Pugachev appears, led by Emelyan himself, smartly dressed in a red caftan and galloping on a white horse. Four traitorous Cossacks offer to surrender, recognizing Pugachev as ruler. They throw Yulai's head over the fence, which falls at Mironov's feet. Mironov gives the order to shoot, and one of the negotiators is killed, the rest manage to escape.
They begin to storm the fortress, and Mironov says goodbye to his family and blesses Masha. Vasilisa leads her terrified daughter away. The commandant fires once from the cannon, gives the order to open the gate, and then rushes into battle.
The soldiers are in no hurry to run after the commander, and the attackers manage to break into the fortress. Grinev is taken prisoner. A large gallows is being erected on the square. A crowd gathers around, many greeted the rioters with joy. The impostor, sitting on an armchair in the commandant's house, takes the oath from the prisoners. Ignatyich and Mironov are hanged for refusing to take the oath.
The turn comes to Grinev, and he notices Shvabrin among the rebels... When Peter was escorted to the gallows to be executed, Savelich unexpectedly falls at Pugachev's feet. Somehow he manages to beg pardon for Grinev. When Vasilisa was taken out of the house, she, seeing her dead husband, emotionally calls Pugachev - "a fugitive convict." She is immediately killed for it.
Chapter viii
Peter began to look for Masha. The news was disappointing - she lies unconscious with the priest's wife, who tells everyone that this is her seriously ill relative. Peter returns to the old plundered apartment and learns from Savelich how he managed to persuade Pugachev to let Peter go.
Pugachev is the same casual passer-by whom they met when they got lost and presented a hare sheepskin coat. Pugachev invites Peter to the commandant's house, and there he dines with the rebels at the same table.
During lunch, he manages to overhear the military council making plans to go to Orenburg. After lunch, Grinev and Pugachev have a conversation, where Pugachev again demands an oath. Peter again denies him, arguing that he is an officer and the orders of his commanders are the law for him. Such honesty is to the liking of Pugachev, and he again releases Peter.
Chapter IX
In the morning before Pugachev's departure, Savelich comes up to him and brings things that were taken from Grinev during the capture in captivity. At the very end of the list is a rabbit sheepskin coat. Pugachev gets angry and throws out a sheet of paper with this list. Leaving, he leaves Shvabrin as commandant.
Grinev rushes to the priest's wife to find out how Masha is in health, but very disappointing news awaits him - she is delirious and in a fever. He cannot take her away, but he also cannot stay. Therefore, he has to leave her temporarily.
Excited, Grinev and Savelich walk slowly towards Orenburg. Suddenly, unexpectedly, they are caught up by the former police officer Maksimych, who is riding a Bashkir horse. It turned out that it was Pugachev who said to give the officer a horse and a mutton sheepskin coat. Peter gratefully accepts this gift.
Chapter X
Arriving in Orenburg, Peter reports to the general about everything that was in the fortress. At the council, they decide not to attack, but only to defend themselves. After a while, the siege of Orenburg by the army of Pugachev begins. Thanks to a fast horse and luck, Grinev remains safe and sound.
In one of these sorties, he intersects with Maksimych. Maksimych gives him a letter from Masha, which says that Shvabrin kidnapped her and forcibly forces her to marry him. Grinev runs to the general and asks for a company of soldiers to liberate the Belgorod fortress, but the general refuses him.
Chapter XI
Grinev and Savelich decide to flee from Orenburg and drive without any problems towards the Bermuda settlement, which was occupied by Pugachev's people. After waiting for the night, they decide to go around the settlement in the dark, but they are caught by a detachment of sentinels. He miraculously manages to escape, but Savelich, unfortunately, does not.
Therefore, Peter returns for him and is then captured. Pugachev finds out why he fled from Orenburg. Peter informs him about Shvabrin's tricks. Pugachev begins to get angry and threatens to hang him.
Pugachev's advisor does not believe in Grinev's story, claiming that Peter is a spy. Suddenly, a second adviser named Khlopusha begins to intercede for Petr. They almost start a fight, but the impostor calms them down. Pugachev decides to take the wedding of Peter and Masha into his own hands.
Chapter XII
When Pugachev arrived to the Belgorod fortress, he began to demand to show the girl who had been abducted by Shvabrin. He brings Pugachev and Grinev to the room where Masha is sitting on the floor.
Pugachev, deciding to understand the situation, asks Masha why her husband is beating her. Masha indignantly exclaims that she will never become his wife. Pugachev is very disappointed in Shvabrin and orders him to immediately let go of the young couple.
Chapter XIII
Masha with Peter go on the road. When they enter the town, where there should be a large detachment of Pugachevites, they see that the town has already been liberated. They want to arrest Grinev, he enters the officer's room and sees at the head of his old acquaintance - Zurin.
He remains in Zurin's detachment, and sends Masha and Savelyich to his parents. Soon the siege was lifted from Orenburg, and the news comes of the victory and the end of the war, since the impostor is captured. While Peter was going home, Zurin received an order to arrest him.
Chapter XIV
In Court, Pyotr Grinev is accused of treason and espionage. The witness is Shvabrin. In order not to involve Masha in this case, Peter does not justify himself in any way, and they want to hang him. Empress Catherine, taking pity on his elderly father, exchanges execution for serving a life sentence in a Siberian settlement. Masha decides that she will lie at the Empress's feet, begging to have mercy on him.
Having gone to St. Petersburg, she stops at an inn and learns that the hostess is the niece of a drowner in the palace. She helps Masha get into the garden of Tsarskoye Selo, where she meets a lady who promises to help her. After a while, a carriage arrives from the palace for Masha. Entering Catherine's chambers, she is surprised to see the woman with whom she spoke in the garden. She announces to her that Grinev is acquitted. read in our article.
Afterword
This was a short retelling. "The Captain's Daughter" is a rather interesting story from the school curriculum. A chapter summary is needed for.
SERGEANT OF THE GUARD
“My father, Andrei Petrovich Grinev, served in his youth under Count Minich and retired as prime-major in 17 .. year. Since then, he lived in his Simbirsk village, where he married the girl Avdotya Vasilievna Yu, the daughter of a poor local nobleman. There were nine of us children. All my brothers and sisters died in infancy.
Mother was still a belly of me, as I was already enrolled in the Semyonovsky regiment as a sergeant, by the mercy of the Major of the Guards, Prince B., a close relative of ours.
Then the boy was hired by a French teacher named Bop-re. He loved to drink, was “windy and dissolute to the extreme. His main weakness was a passion for the fair sex. " But soon they had to leave.
The washerwoman Palashka complained that Monsieur had seduced her. Andrei Petrovich Grinev immediately kicked him out. “That was the end of my upbringing. I lived small, chasing pigeons and playing leapfrog with the courtyard boys. In the meantime, I have passed sixteen years. Here my fate changed. "
The father decided to give Petrusha to the service. The boy was very happy. He imagined himself as a guard officer living in St. Petersburg. But Petrusha was sent to Andrei Karlovich R., an old friend of his father, in Orenburg. Savelich went with him.
In Simbirsk, in a tavern, Peter met Ivan Ivanovich Zurin, the captain of the hussar regiment. He convinced the boy that the soldier must learn to play billiards, learn to drink punch. What both did. At the end of the game, Zurin announced to Peter that he had lost one hundred rubles. But Savelich had the money. Ivan Ivanovich agreed to wait and invited Petrusha to go to Arinushka for the time being.
We dined with Arinushka. Peter was pretty drunk, then both returned to the tavern. And Zurin only repeated that he needed to get used to the service. In the morning Savelich reproached his master for starting to walk a little early. And then there's a debt of one hundred rubles ...
“Savelich looked at me with deep sorrow and went to fetch my duty. I felt sorry for the poor old man; but I wanted to break free and prove that I was no longer a child. The money was delivered to Zurin. "
Squeezed
Only on the way did Peter manage to reconcile with Savelich.
And then a storm overtook the travelers. Peter saw some kind of black dot, the driver drove the horses towards it. It turned out to be a road man. He invited everyone to go to the inn, which was not far away. The wagon began to move slowly through the high snow. While driving, Petrusha had a dream that he could not forget. “It seemed to me that the storm was still raging, and we were still wandering in the snowy desert ...
Suddenly I saw the gate and drove into the courtyard of our estate. My first thought was the fear that my father would not be angry with me for involuntarily returning under my parent's roof and would not consider him deliberate disobedience. Anxiously, I jumped out of the wagon and saw: my mother met me on the porch with an air of deep grief. Hush, ”she says to me,“ my father is sick near death and wants to say goodbye to you. ” Struck by fear, I follow her into the bedroom. I see the room is dimly lit; people with sad faces are standing by the bed. I walk quietly to the bed; Mother lifts the canopy and says: “Andrey Petrovich, Petrusha has arrived; he came back, having learned about your illness; bless him. " I knelt down and fixed my eyes on the sick man. Well? ... Instead of my father, I see a man with a black beard lying in bed, looking at me merrily. In bewilderment, I turned to my mother, telling her: “What does this mean? This is not a father. And why should I ask a peasant's blessing? " “All the same, Petrusha,” my mother answered me, “this is your planted father; kiss his hand, and may he bless you ... ”I did not agree. Then the man jumped out of bed, grabbed the ax from behind his back and began waving in all directions. I wanted to run ... and could not; the room was filled with dead bodies; I stumbled over the body and slid in the bloody puddles ... The terrible peasant called me affectionately, saying: "Do not be afraid, come under my blessing ..." Horror and bewilderment seized me ... And at that moment I woke up; the horses were standing; Savelich tugged at my hand, saying: "Come out, sir: we have arrived."
“The owner, a native of the Yaik Cossack, seemed like a man of about sixty, still fresh and cheerful. The escort "was about forty years old, of medium height, thin and broad-shouldered ... His face had a rather pleasant expression, but a roguish one." More than once he was in these parts. The guide and the owner started talking in thieves' jargon about the affairs of the Yaitsk army, which had just been pacified after the revolt of 1772. Savelich looked at his interlocutors with suspicion. The inn was very much like a robber tributary. This only amused Petrusha.
In the morning the storm died down. They harnessed the horses, paid the owner. And Peter presented the guide with his hare sheepskin coat. The tramp was extremely pleased with the gift.
Arriving in Orenburg, we went straight to the general. Tomorrow was scheduled to move to the Belogorsk fortress to see Captain Mironov, a kind and honest man.
FORTRESS
The fortress was a village surrounded by a log fence. From the old captain, Peter learned that officers were being transferred here for indecent acts. For example, Alexey Ivanovich Shvabrin was transferred for murder. “God knows what sin has beguiled him; He, if you please, went out of town with a lieutenant, but they took swords with them, and besides, they were stabbing at each other; and Alexey Ivanitch stabbed the lieutenant, and even with two witnesses! What will you order me to do? There is no master for sin. "
The sergeant entered, a young and handsome Cossack. Vasilisa Yegorovna asked Maksimych to give the officer a cleaner apartment.
Pyotr Andreevich was taken to Semyon Kuzov. The hut stood on the high bank of the river, at the very edge of the fortress. Half of the hut was occupied by the family of Semyon Kuzov, the other was taken to Peter.
In the morning Shvabrin came to Petrusha. We met. The officer told Peter about life in the fortress. The commandant invited both of them to dinner. He turned out to be a cheerful old man, tall. A girl of about eighteen years old, chubby, ruddy, with light blond hair, smoothly combed behind her ears, entered the room, which burned like that. At first glance, I didn't really like it. I looked at her with prejudice: Shvabrin described Masha, the captain's daughter, to me as a complete fool. At dinner they talked about how many souls Father Peter has; that the captain's daughter Masha has only a dowry, that “a wide comb, and a broom, and an altyn of money ... Well, if there is a kind person; otherwise sit for yourself in girls as an eternal bride. "
Marya Ivanovna blushed all over at this conversation, and even tears dripped onto her plate. Peter felt sorry for her, he hastened to change the conversation.
DUEL
Several weeks passed, and Peter got used to life in the Belogorsk fortress. In the house of the commandant he was received as his own. In Marya Ivanovna the officer found a sensible and sensible girl.
Shvabrin had several French books. Peter began to read, and a desire for literature awakened in him.
“Calm reigned around our fortress. But the world was interrupted by a sudden civil strife. "
Peter wrote a song and carried it to Shvabrin, who alone in the entire fortress could appreciate such a work.
Destroying the thought of love, I strive to forget the beautiful, And ah, avoiding Masha, I dream of getting the freedom! But the eyes that captivated me, Every minute before me; They confused the spirit in me, Crushed my peace. You, having learned my misfortunes, Take pity, Masha, over me, In vain me in this fierce part, And that I am captivated by you.
Shvabrin decisively announced that the song is not good, because it resembles "love couplets". And in the image of Masha Shvabrin I saw the captain's daughter.
Then Shvabrin said: "... if you want Masha Mironova to come to you at dusk, then instead of tender rhymes, give her a pair of earrings." This phrase completely infuriated Peter. We agreed on a duel. But Ivan Ignatyevich began to dissuade the young officer.
“I spent the evening, as usual, with the commandant. I tried to seem cheerful and indifferent, so as not to give any suspicion and to avoid boring questions; but I confess that I did not have that composure, which is almost always boasted by those who were in my position. That evening I was inclined to tenderness and tenderness. I liked Marya Ivanovna more than usual. The thought that I might see her for the last time gave her something touching in my eyes. "
We agreed with Shvabrin to fight over haystacks the next day at seven o'clock in the morning.
“We took off our uniforms, remained in only coats and drew our swords. At that moment, Ivan Ignatyevich suddenly appeared from behind the rush and five people with disabilities.
He demanded us to see the commandant. We obeyed with vexation; the soldiers surrounded us, and we went to the fortress after Ivan Ignatich, who led us in triumph, striding with amazing importance. "
Ivan Kuzmich scolded the ardent opponents. When they were left alone, Pyotr Andreevich told Shvabrin that the matter would not end there.
“Return to the commandant, as usual I sat down with Marya Ivanovna. Ivan Kuzmich was not at home; Vasilisa Yegorovna was busy with the farm. We spoke in an undertone. Marya Ivanovna, with tenderness, reprimanded me for the anxiety caused by all my quarrel with Shvabrin. "
Marya Ivanovna admitted that she liked Alexei Ivanovich Shvabrin, because he had wooed her. Then Peter realized that Shvabrin noticed their mutual sympathy and tried to distract from each other. The very next day Alexei Ivanovich came to Peter.
We went to the river, began to fight with swords. But then Savelich's voice was heard, Pyotr turned around ... “At that very time I was severely pricked in the chest below my right shoulder; I fell and fainted. "
LOVE
“When I woke up, I could not come to my senses for some time and did not understand what had happened to me. I was lying on the bed in an unfamiliar room and felt great weakness. Savelich stood in front of me with a candle in his hands. Someone carefully developed the sling with which my chest and shoulder were tied. "
It turned out that Peter lay unconscious for five days. Marya Ivanovna leaned over to the duelist. “I grabbed her hand and clung to her, pouring tears of affection. Masha did not tear her off ... and suddenly her lips touched my cheek, and I felt their hot and fresh kiss. "
Peter asks Masha to become his wife. “Marya Ivanovna did not leave me. Of course, at the first opportunity, I set about the interrupted explanation, and Marya Ivanovna listened to me more patiently. Without any pretense, she confessed to me her heartfelt inclination and said that her parents would certainly be glad to see her happy. " But what will his parents say? Peter wrote a letter to his father.
The officer made up with Shvabrin in the first days of his recovery. Ivan Kuzmich did not punish Pyotr Andreich. And Alexei Ivanovich was put on guard in a bread shop, "to the point of repentance."
Finally, Peter received an answer from the priest. He was not going to give his son either his blessing or his consent. In addition, my father was going to ask for the transfer of Peter from the Belogorsk fortress somewhere far away.
But Pyotr Andreevich did not write anything about the duel in his letter! Peter's suspicions settled on Shvabrin.
The officer went to Masha. He asked her to get married without the consent of his parents, but she refused.
“Since then, my position has changed. Marya Ivanovna hardly spoke to me and tried in every possible way to avoid me. The commandant's house became hateful for me. Little by little I learned to sit alone at home. At first Vasilisa Yegorovna blamed me for that; but seeing my stubbornness, she left me alone. I saw Ivan Kuzmich only when the service required it. I met Shvabrin rarely and reluctantly, especially since I noticed in him a latent dislike for myself, which confirmed me in my suspicions. My life has become unbearable to me. "
Pugachevshchina
At the end of 1773, the Orenburg province was inhabited by a multitude of semi-savage peoples, who had recently recognized the dominion of the Russian sovereigns. “Their perpetual indignation, unaccustomed to the laws and civil life, frivolity and cruelty demanded constant supervision from the government to keep them in obedience. The fortresses were built in places recognized as convenient, inhabited for the most part by Cossacks, long-standing owners of the Yaik banks. But the Yaik Cossacks, who were supposed to protect the peace and security of this land, for some time were themselves restless and dangerous subjects for the government.
In 1772, an outrage broke out in their main town. The reason for this was the strict measures taken by Major General Traubenberg in order to bring the army into due obedience. The consequence was the barbaric assassination of Traubenberg, a willful change in management, and finally the suppression of the revolt with grapeshot and cruel punishments. "
One evening, in early October 1773, Peter was summoned to the commandant. Shvabrin, Ivan Ignatyevich and the Cossack sergeant were already there. The commandant read a letter from the general, in which it was reported that the Don Cossack and schismatic Emelyan Pugachev had escaped from the guard, "gathered a villainous gang, stirred up indignation in Yaik villages and had already taken and destroyed" several fortresses, carrying out robberies and deaths everywhere. " It was ordered to take appropriate measures to repel the aforementioned villain and impostor, and if he turns to the fortress entrusted to your care, it will be possible to completely destroy him. "
It was decided to establish guards and night patrols.
Vasilisa Yegorovna was not in the know. She decided to find out everything from Ivan Ignatich. He let it slip. Soon everyone started talking about Pugachev.
“The commandant sent a sergeant with an assignment to scout out everything in the neighboring villages and fortresses. The police officer returned two days later and announced that in the steppe sixty miles from the fortress he saw many lights and heard from the Bashkirians that an unknown force was coming. However, he could not say anything positive, because he was afraid to go further. "
Yulai, a baptized Kalmyk, told the commandant that the sergeant's testimony was false: “upon his return, the crafty Cossack announced to his comrades that he was with the rebels, introduced himself to their leader himself, who allowed him to his hand and talked to him for a long time. The commandant immediately put the sergeant under guard and appointed Yulai in his place. " The sergeant fled from under the guard with the help of his associates.
It became known that Pugachev was going to immediately go to the fortress, inviting Cossacks and soldiers to his gang. It was heard that the villain had already taken possession of many fortresses.
It was decided to send Masha to Orenburg to her godmother.
ATTACK
At night, the Cossacks set out from. fortress, taking Yulai forcibly with him. And some unknown people were driving around the fortress. Marya Ivanovna did not have time to leave: the road to Orenburg was cut off; the fortress is surrounded.
All went to the shaft. Masha also came - home alone is more terrible. “... She looked at me and smiled with effort. I involuntarily squeezed the hilt of my sword, remembering that the day before I had received it from her hands, as if in defense of my dear one. My heart was on fire. I imagined myself as her knight. I was eager to prove that I was worthy of her power of attorney, and began to look forward to the decisive moment. "
Then Pugachev's gang began to approach. “One of them was holding a sheet of paper under his cap; the other had Yulai's head stuck on a spear, which, shaking it off, he threw over the palisade towards us. The head of the poor Kalmyk fell at the feet of the commandant. "
Ivan Kuzmich said goodbye to his wife and daughter, blessed them. The commandant's wife and Masha left.
The fortress was surrendered. “Pugachev was sitting in armchairs on the porch of the commandant’s house. He was wearing a red Cossack caftan trimmed with braids. A high sable hat with gold tassels was pulled down over his sparkling eyes. His face seemed familiar to me. Cossack foremen surrounded him.
Father Gerasim, pale and trembling, stood at the porch, with a cross in his hands, and, it seemed, silently pleaded with him for the upcoming sacrifices. A gallows was hastily set up in the square. When we approached, the Bashkirs dispersed the people and introduced us to Pugachev. "
Ivan Kuzmich and Ivan Ignatich were ordered to be hanged. Shvabrin was already among the rebellious elders. His head was cut into a circle, and on his body was a Cossack caftan. He went up to Pugachev and said a few words in his ear.
Pugachev, without even looking at Peter, ordered to hang him. The executioners dragged him to the gallows, but suddenly stopped. Savelich threw himself at the feet of Pugachev and began to ask for pardon for the pupil, and promised a ransom. Pyotr Andreevich was released.
Residents began to swear allegiance. And then there was a woman's cry. Several robbers dragged Vasilisa Yegorovna onto the porch, disheveled and stripped naked. One of them had already dressed up in her jacket. Others plundered the apartment. In the end, the unfortunate old woman was killed.
UNINVITED GUEST
Most of all, Peter was tormented by the unknown about the fate of Marya Ivanovna. Palashka said that Marya Ivanovna was hidden with Akulina Pamfilovna's priest. But Pugachev went to have dinner there!
Peter rushed to the priest's house. From the priest he learned that Pugachev had already gone to look at the "niece", but did nothing to her. Peter Aed-Reich went home. Savelich remembered why the face of the "murderer" seemed familiar to him. It was the same “drunkard who lured your sheepskin coat from you at the inn! The hare's sheepskin coat is completely new; and he, the beast, ripped it open, putting it on himself! "
Peter was amazed. "I could not help marveling at the strange combination of circumstances: a children's sheepskin coat, presented to a tramp, relieved me of the noose, and a drunkard, staggering about inns, besieged fortresses and shook the state!"
“The duty demanded that I appear where my service could still be useful to my fatherland in real, difficult circumstances ... But love strongly advised me to stay with Marya Ivanovna and be her protector and patron. Although I foresaw a quick and undoubted change in circumstances, I still could not help but tremble, imagining the danger of her position. "
And then one of the Cossacks came with an announcement, "that the great sovereign demands you to come to him." He was at the commandant's house.
“An unusual picture appeared to me: at a table covered with a tablecloth and set with shtoffs and glasses, Pugachev and about ten Cossack foremen were sitting, in hats and colored shirts, flushed with wine, with red faces and shining eyes. Between them there was neither Shvabrin, nor our sergeant, the newly recruited traitors. “Ah, your honor! - said Pugachev, seeing me. - Welcome; honor and place, you are welcome. " The interlocutors made room. I sat down silently on the edge of the table. "
Peter never touched the poured wine. The conversation turned to the fact that now the gang needs to go to Orenburg. The hike was announced by tomorrow.
Pugachev was left alone with Peter. The ataman said that "he will not welcome his acquaintance yet" if he will serve him.
“I answered Pugachev:“ Listen; I'll tell you the whole truth. Judge, can I recognize the sovereign in you? You are a clever man: you yourself would see that I am cunning. "
"Who am I, in your understanding?" - “God knows you; but whoever you are, you are joking a dangerous joke. " Pugachev glanced at me quickly. “So you don’t believe,” he said, “that I should be Tsar Pyotr Fyodorovich? Well, good. Isn't there luck to the daring one? Didn't Grishka Otrepiev reign in the old days? Think what you want about me, and keep up with me. What do you care about anything else? Whoever is a priest is a dad. Serve me with faith and truth, and I will grant you both field marshals and princes. How do you think?"
“No,” I answered firmly. - I am a natural nobleman; I swore allegiance to the Empress: I cannot serve you. If you really wish me well, then let me go to Orenburg. "
Pugachev was struck by the courage and sincerity of Peter. Ataman let him go on all four sides.
PARTING
“Early in the morning the drum woke me up. I went to the assembly place. There the Pugachev's crowds were already lining up around the gallows, where yesterday's victims were still hanging. Cossacks were on horseback, soldiers under arms. Banners fluttered. Several cannons, between which I recognized ours, were placed on the marching carriages. All residents were there, waiting for the impostor. At the porch of the commandant's house, a Cossack held by the bridle a beautiful white horse of the Kyrgyz breed. I searched with my eyes for the body of the commandant. It was carried a little to the side and covered with a mat. Finally, Pugachev came out of the passage. The people took off their hats. Pugachev stopped on the porch and greeted everyone. One of the foremen handed him a sack of copper money, and he began tossing it in handfuls. The people with a cry rushed to pick them up, and the matter was not without injury.
Pugachev was surrounded by the main of his accomplices. Shvabrin stood between them.
Our eyes met; in mine he could read contempt, and he turned away with an expression of sincere malice and feigned mockery. Pugachev, seeing me in the crowd, nodded his head to me and called me over to him. "
The ataman advised Peter to immediately go to Orenburg and announce from him to the governor and all the generals that they expect Pugachev to come to him in a week. "Prisov" euy them to meet me with childish love and obedience; otherwise they cannot avoid a fierce execution. "
Pugachev appointed Shvabrin as the new commander. “With horror I heard these words: Shvabrin became the head of the fortress; Marya Ivanovna remained in his power! God, what will become of her! "
And then Savelich handed Pugachev a paper. It listed all the items stolen by the robbers. Savelich wanted Pugachev to return the money for all this! Pyotr Andreich was afraid for the poor old man.
But “Pugachev was evidently in a fit of generosity. He turned away and drove away without another word. Shvabrin and the foremen followed him. "
Peter hastened to the priest's house to see Marya Ivanovna. She developed a strong fever at night. She lay unconscious and delirious. The patient did not recognize her lover.
“Shvabrin tormented my imagination the most. Endowed with power from an impostor, leading in the fortress, where the unfortunate girl remained - the innocent object of his hatred, he could decide on anything. What was I supposed to do? How do I get her help? How to free the villain from the hands? There was only one remedy: I decided to go to Orenburg at the same time, in order to hasten the liberation of the Belogorsk fortress, and, if possible, facilitate this. I said goodbye to the priest and to Akulina Pamfilovna, eagerly entrusting to her the one whom I had already revered as my wife. "
SIEVE OF THE CITY
“Approaching Orenburg, we saw a crowd of convicts with shaved heads, with faces disfigured by the executioner's tongs. They worked near the fortifications, under the supervision of the garrison invalids. Others took out the rubbish that filled the moat in carts; others were digging the ground with their shovels; on the rampart, masons carried bricks and repaired the city wall.
At the gate the sentries stopped us and demanded our passports. As soon as the sergeant heard that I was going from the Belogorsk fortress, he took me straight to the general's house. "
Peter told the general everything. Most of all, the old man was worried about the captain's daughter.
A council of war was appointed for the evening. "I got up and, in short words describing first Pugachev and his gang, said in the affirmative that there was no way for the impostor to resist the right weapon."
But no one agreed to offensive movements. It was decided to repel the siege. Long days of hunger dragged on.
Peter accidentally met a police officer who handed him a letter. From it, the officer learned that Shvabrin had forced Father Gerasim to hand over Masha to him, "having intimidated Pugachev." Now she lives in her father's house under guard. Alexey Ivanovich forces her to marry him.
“Father Pyotr Andreevich! you are my only patron; intercede for me poor. Ask the general and all the commanders to send a sikursa to us as soon as possible, and come yourself, if you can. I remain you a submissive poor orphan
Marya Mironova ".
Peter rushed to the general, began to ask a company of soldiers to clear the Belogorsk fortress. But the old man refused.
REVOLUTIONARY SLOBODA
Peter decided to go to the fortress. Savelich went with him. On the way, the old man was seized by robbers. Once again, the travelers were in the hands of Pugachev.
"A strange thought occurred to me: it seemed to me that Providence, which had brought me a second time to Pugachev, gave me an opportunity to put my intention into action."
Pyotr Andreevich said that he wanted to free the orphan who was being offended in the Belogorsk fortress. Pugachev's eyes sparkled, he promised to try the offender Shvabrin. Peter said that the orphan is his bride. The ataman got angry even more.
In the morning we harnessed the wagon, went to the Belogorsk fortress. “I remembered the reckless cruelty, the bloodthirsty habits of the one who volunteered to be my dear deliverer! Pugachev did not know that she was the daughter of Captain Mironov; the embittered Shvabrin could reveal everything to him; Pugachev could have discovered the truth in another way ... Then what will become of Marya Ivanovna? The cold ran through my body, and my hair stood on end ... "
ORPHAN
“The wagon drove up to the porch of the commandant's house. The people recognized Pugachev's bell and ran after us in a crowd. Shvabrin met the impostor on the porch. He was dressed as a Cossack and grew a beard. The traitor helped Pugachev to get out of the wagon, expressing his joy and zeal in mean expressions. "
Shvabrin guessed that Pugachev was dissatisfied with him. He was a coward in front of him, and looked at Peter incredulously. We started talking about Masha. “Sovereign! - Skaza ^ he. “You have the power to demand from me what you want; but do not order a stranger to enter my wife's bedroom. " Pugachev doubted that the girl was his wife. We entered.
“I looked and froze. On the floor, in a tattered peasant dress, sat Marya Ivanovna, pale, thin, with disheveled hair. Before her stood a jug of water, covered with a loaf of bread. Seeing me, she shuddered and screamed. I don’t remember what happened to me then. ”
To Pugacheva's question, Marya Ivanovna replied that Shvabrin was not her husband. Ataman released the girl.
“Marya Ivanovna glanced quickly at him and guessed that in front of her was the murderer of her parents. She covered her face with both hands and fell bae? feelings. I rushed to her; but at that moment my old acquaintance Broadsword very boldly rushed into the room and began to look after her young lady. Pugachev left the room, and the three of us went into the living room. "
“What, your honor? - said, laughing, Pugachev. - Rescued the red maiden! What do you think, shouldn't they send for the priest, or force him to marry his niece? Perhaps I will be a planted father, Shvabrin's friend; wrap it up, drink it up - and lock the gates! "
And then Shvabrin confessed that Masha is the daughter of Ivan Mironov, who was executed during the capture of the local fortress. But even this Pugachev forgave Peter. He gave him a pass to all the outposts and fortresses subservient to the chieftain.
When Marya Ivanovna and Pyotr Andreich finally met, they began to talk about what to do next. “It was impossible for her to remain in the fortress, subject to Pugachev and ruled by Shvabrin. It was also impossible to think about Orenburg, which is undergoing all the misfortunes of the siege. She did not have a single loved one in the world. I suggested that she go to the village to see my parents. At first she hesitated: my father's disagreement, known to her, frightened her. I calmed her down. I knew that my father would honor him for happiness and make it his duty to accept the daughter of an honored soldier who died for the fatherland. "
Pugachev and Peter parted on friendly terms.
“We approached the town, where, according to the bearded commandant, there was a strong detachment going to join the impostor. We were stopped by the guards. To the question: who is going? - the driver answered loudly: "The sovereign's godfather with his mistress." Suddenly a crowd of hussars surrounded us with terrible abuse. “Come out, godfather of demons! - the whiskered sergeant told me. - Here you will have a bath, and with your mistress! "
I left the wagon and demanded that they take me to their chief. Seeing the officer, the soldiers stopped scolding. The sergeant took me to the major. Savelich did not lag behind me, talking to himself: “Here is the sovereign's godfather for you! Out of the fire and into the fire ... Lord Vladyka! how will it all end? " The kibitka followed us at a step.
Five minutes later we came to a house, which was brightly lit. The sergeant left me on guard and went to report me. He immediately returned, announcing to me that his nobleness had no time to receive me, and that he had ordered me to be taken to prison and the mistress to be brought to him.
Peter flew into a rage and rushed onto the porch. Ivan Ivanovich Zurin, who once beat Peter in the Simbirsky tavern, turned out to be a high nobility! They immediately reconciled. Zurin himself went out into the street to apologize to Marya Ivanovna in an involuntary misunderstanding and ordered the sergeant to give her the best apartment in the city. Peter stayed overnight with him and told him about his adventures.
Zurin advised his old acquaintance to "get loose" with the captain's daughter, send her to Simbirsk alone, and Peter offered to stay with him in the detachment.
“Although I did not quite agree with him, I felt that the duty of honor required my presence in the empress's army. I decided to follow Zurin's advice: send Marya Ivanovna to the village and stay in his detachment. "
“The next morning I came to Marya Ivanovna. I told her my assumptions. She recognized their prudence and immediately agreed with me. Zurin's detachment was supposed to leave the city on the same day. There was no need to hesitate. I immediately parted with Marya Ivanovna, entrusting her to Savelich and giving her a letter to my parents. Marya Ivanovna began to cry. "
In the evening we set out on a hike. “Bands of robbers fled everywhere from us, and everything foreshadowed a quick and successful ending. Soon Prince Golitsyn, near the Tatishcheva fortress, defeated Pugachev, scattered his crowds, and liberated Orenburg. Yet Pugachev himself was not caught. He appeared at the Siberian factories, gathered new gangs there, and again began to successfully act evilly there. The news came about the destruction of the Siberian fortresses.
Soon Pugachev fled. After a while, he was completely defeated, and he himself was caught.
“Zurin gave me a vacation. In a few days I was supposed to find myself again in the middle of my family, to see my Marya Ivanovna again ... Suddenly an unexpected thunderstorm struck me. On the day appointed for the departure, at the very moment when I was preparing to set off on the road, Zurin entered my hut, holding a paper in his hands, with an air of exceeding concern. Something stabbed me in the heart. I was frightened, not knowing what. He sent my orderly, and announced that he was dealing with me. "
It was a secret order to all individual chiefs to arrest me, wherever they got, and immediately send me under guard to Kazan to the Investigative Commission established in the Pugachev case. Probably, the rumor about friendly relations between Peter and Pugachev reached the government.
“I was sure that my unauthorized absence from Orenburg was to blame. I could easily justify myself: horse-riding was not only never forbidden, but was encouraged with all my might. I could be accused of being too passionate, not disobedient. But my friendly relations with Pugachev could have been proven by many witnesses and must have seemed at least highly suspicious. "
In the Kazan fortress, Peter's legs were chained, and then they took him to prison and left alone in a cramped and dark kennel. The next day, the prisoner was taken for interrogation. They asked about when and how the officer began to serve with Pugachev. Peter told everything as it is. And then they invited the one who accused Grinev. It turned out to be Shvabrin! “According to him, I was detached from Pugachev in Orenburg as a spy; went out daily to shootings in order to transmit written news about everything that was happening in the city; that at last it was clearly passed on to the impostor, rode with him from fortress to fortress, trying in every possible way to destroy his fellow traitors in order to take their places and use the awards handed out from the impostor. "
Meanwhile, Marya Ivanovna was received by the groom's parents with sincere cordiality. Soon they became attached to her, because it was impossible to recognize her and not love her. “My love no longer seemed to my father as an empty whim; and mother only wanted her Petrusha to marry the dear captain's daughter. "
The news of the arrest of their son amazed the Grinev family. But no one believed that this case could end unsuccessfully. Soon the priest received a letter from St. Petersburg that the suspicions about Peter's participation in the plans of the rebels, unfortunately, turned out to be too solid, that an approximate execution should have overtaken me, but that the empress, out of respect for the merits and advanced years of her father, decided to pardon the criminal son and, saving him from the shameful execution, she commanded only to be exiled to a remote region of Siberia for an eternal settlement. "
The old man believed that his son was a traitor. He was disappointed. “Marya Ivanovna suffered the most. Believing that I could justify myself whenever I wanted, she guessed the truth and considered herself to be the culprit of my misfortune. She hid her tears and sufferings from everyone, and meanwhile she constantly thought about means of how to save me. "
Marya Ivanovna, Palasha and Savelich went to Sofia. In the morning, the girl in the garden accidentally met a lady of the court, who began to ask her about why she had come. Masha said that she was the daughter of Captain Mironov, that she had come to ask the Empress for mercy. The lady said that she was at court. Then Marya Ivanovna took a folded paper out of her pocket and handed it to her unfamiliar patroness, who began to read it to herself. But when the lady realized that the girl was asking for Grinev, she replied that the empress could not forgive him. But Masha tried to explain to the lady that Peter could not justify himself, because he did not want to interfere in her business. Then the stranger asked not to tell anyone about the meeting, promising that the girl would not have to wait long for an answer.
Soon the Empress demanded Masha to come to court. When Masha saw the empress, she recognized in her the lady with whom she spoke so frankly in the garden! The Empress said that she was convinced of Peter's innocence and gave a letter to his father.
“Here the notes of Pyotr Andreyevich Grinev stop. From family traditions it is known that he was released from imprisonment at the end of 1774, by personal command; that he was present at the execution of Pugachev, who recognized him in the crowd and nodded his head to him, which a minute later, dead and bloody, was shown to the people. Soon afterwards, Pyotr Andreevich married Marya Ivanovna. Their offspring thrives in the Simbirsk province. "
About the work
Pushkin's last prose work is a story of love and salvation against the backdrop of a merciless rebellion.
Reviews
The idea of a novel that would tell a simple, artless story of direct Russian life had occupied him relentlessly lately. He threw poetry only in order not to get carried away by anything on the sides and to be easier in descriptions, and he simplified the prose itself to the point that they did not even find any dignity in his first stories. Pushkin was glad of this and wrote The Captain's Daughter, decisively the best Russian work in a narrative genre. Compared to the Captain's Daughter, all our novels and stories seem to be a sugary mess. Purity and artlessness have risen in her to such a high degree that she herself really seems to her artificial and caricature. For the first time true Russian characters appeared: a simple commandant of the fortress, a captain, a lieutenant; the fortress itself with a single cannon, the confusion of the times and the simple greatness of ordinary people, everything is not only the truth itself, but even better than it. This is how it should be: for this is the vocation of the poet, so that from us they can take us and return us to us in a purified and better form.
"The Captain's Daughter" is something like "Onegin" in prose. The poet depicts in it the customs of Russian society during the reign of Catherine. Many pictures, by their fidelity, truth of content and skill of presentation, are a miracle of perfection.<...>The insignificant, colorless character of the hero of the story and his beloved Marya Ivanovna and the melodramatic character of Shvabrin, although they belong to the sharp shortcomings of the story, do not prevent it from being one of the wonderful works of Russian literature.
The “History of the Pugachev Revolt” is very good in language, but due to the paucity of materials that the writer could use, it is historically insufficient; on the other hand, he captured the picturesque scenic side of a curious epoch and presented it masterfully in "The Captain's Daughter"; this story, albeit a side story, but still a sister to "Eugene Onegin": children of the same father, and in many respects are similar to each other. His other little novels are not so different, but all are smart, natural and enticing ...
Pushkin was a historian where he did not think to be one and where a real historian often fails to become one. The Captain's Daughter was written in between, among the works on the Pugachevism, but it has more history than the History of the Pugachev Rebellion, which seems like a long explanatory footnote to the novel.
You see historical impartiality, the complete absence of any patriotic praise and sober realism ... in Pushkin's The Captain's Daughter. ... there is no hero in that vulgar form of an impeccably ideal young man, shining with all both material and mental prowess, in which such a hero asceticised at that time in all the novels ... Grinev ... This is the most ordinary landowner son of the 18th centuries, not particularly distant, not God knows as educated, distinguished by everything in everything with a kind soul and a gentle heart.<...>
Here<...>Pushkin is before us not only a realist in general, but also a naturalist in the sense that<...>before you unfolds a picture of life not of any ideal and eccentric personalities, but of the most ordinary people; you are transported into the everyday mass life of the 18th century and see how this life flowed day after day with all its petty everyday interests.<...>Moving over a hundred years ago to his "The Captain's Daughter", you by no means find yourself in some fairy-tale world, but you see all the same life that, rolling year, after year, has come to this day.
But the top of artistic perfection in terms of strict, sober reality, historical impartiality and depth of understanding undoubtedly represents the image of Pugachev himself.<...>He and Pugachev managed to reduce to the soil of tactile and everyday reality. True, he appears on the stage of the novel not without poetry: like some kind of mythical spirit of thunder and storm, he suddenly looms before the reader from the murky mist of a storm, but does not appear at all in order to immediately amaze you, as something outstanding and extraordinary. He is a simple runaway Cossack, half-naked vagrant, who has just drunk his last sheepskin coat in a tavern.<...> .
Pugachev is the same in the further development of the novel. This is not at all a villain and not a hero, not at all a man who frightens and captivates the crowd with the charm of some formidable and bottomless gloom of his titanic nature, and even more so not a fanatic who consciously strives for a once-outlined goal. Until the very end of the novel, he remains the same random steppe vagrant and good-natured rogue. Under different circumstances, the most ordinary horse thief would have emerged from him; but historical circumstances suddenly turned him into an impostor, completely unexpected for him, and he is blindly attracted by the force of these circumstances, and it is not at all that he leads the crowd, but the crowd attracts him ...
Pyotr Grinev, even before his birth, was enrolled in the Semenov regiment as a sergeant. He grew up in the village with his parents and was the only child in the family, as his eight siblings died in infancy. He was brought up by his former stirrup Savelich, who by the age of twelve taught the boy to read, write and understand hunting dogs.
Then his father hired him the Frenchman Beaupre, who did not stay in the house for long and was kicked out for having an affair with the courtyard girls. When the young man turned sixteen, his father decided that it was time for Petrusha to serve in the army, but not in the Semenovsky regiment in St. Petersburg - he would spoil himself with the life of the capital, but in Orenburg under the command of his old friend, General Andrei Karlovich R.
Mother, crying, equipped her son on a long journey, father gave his blessing, and Pyotr Andreyevich left, accompanied by Uncle Savelyich.
In Simbirsk, where they had to buy the necessary things, Grinev met the hussar captain and immediately lost a hundred rubles to him at billiards. Despite Savelich's reproaches, the debt was paid, and they drove on.
Petrusha and his uncle were already approaching their destination when a storm overtook them in the steppe. A severe blizzard began, and they got lost. Suddenly, from somewhere, an unfamiliar man appeared, showed them the way and took them to the inn. There, their counselor had an allegorical conversation with the owner, from which Grinev did not understand anything.
Waking up in the morning, in gratitude for the help provided, he gave the peasant his hare sheepskin coat. The clothes turned out to be too small and ripped apart at the seams of the counselor, but the tramp was still very pleased with this gift.
In Orenburg, Grinev came to General R., who sent him to the Belogorsk fortress under the command of Captain Mironov.
The fortress was located forty miles from Orenburg and was a small village surrounded by a log fence with low huts covered with thatch and a cannon at the gate.
Petrusha immediately went to the commandant, who was not at home, but his wife, Vasilisa Yegorovna, herself identified the newcomer to the post. The next day he met Shvabrin, a young officer whom he liked very much. Together they went to the commandant. at the commandant's house, they saw about twenty old invalids, lined up in a frunt, commanded by Captain Mironov himself in a cap and dressing gown.
He invited the young people to dine in his house. It was there that Grinev saw for the first time the commandant's daughter, Masha, whom Shvabrin spoke of as a complete fool, and therefore treated her with prejudice, but soon changed his attitude.
Life in the fortress was monotonous. Pyotr Andreevich was received in the commandant's house as his own, he liked Mironov and his wife very much, and after getting to know Masha better, he found in her a prudent and sensitive girl and fell in love with her.
Once he wrote poems to her and showed them to Shvabrin, hoping for praise, but the officer laughed at them and made an obscene remark about Masha. This greatly offended Grinev, and he challenged his friend to a duel. The commandant found out about this and forbade the duel. Masha told Petrusha that at one time Shvabrin had wooed her, but she refused him. Finally, the rivals seized the moment and the sword fight took place.
Savelich suddenly appeared and distracted Grinev's attention, Shvabrin took advantage of this and wounded the enemy in the chest.
Masha and Vasilisa Yegorovna looked after the wounded. Seeing the attitude of the girl towards herself, Petrusha realized that she also loved him, made her an offer and received consent. He wrote a letter to his parents asking for their blessing for marriage with Masha.
But the father refused the blessing, scolded his son for the duel and threatened to ask for his transfer to another fortress. Grinev and Masha were very upset, the girl cried, but refused to get married without a blessing. Pyotr Andreevich fell into a gloomy reverie, did not want to see anyone, but his love flared up more and more.
In early October 1773, a letter came from General R., in which he warned of the danger of an attack on the fortress by the Cossack army led by the fugitive Don Cossack Yemelyan Pugachev, posing as the late Emperor Peter III, and asked to take appropriate measures.
The commandant gave the officers orders for guards and night patrols, ordered to clean the only cannon and, most importantly. keep your mouth shut. Meanwhile, he himself accidentally let slip to his wife. Pugachev's army was approaching. there were many rumors about its size and strength.
The fortress of Nizhneozernaya, located nearby, was taken, and the parents decided to send Masha to Orenburg to her godmother. But she did not have time to leave: in the morning the fortress was surrounded. All residents gathered on the rampart.
In the ranks of the advancing Pugachev was visible in a red caftan, riding on a white horse. The commandant, blessing Masha and saying goodbye to Vasilisa Yegorovna, sent the women home, ordering his wife to put on a sundress on her daughter. so that if something happens she was mistaken for a simple peasant woman.
The assault began. The battle was short-lived, the attackers far outnumbered the garrison. Bursting into the fortress, they demanded from Captain Mironov, wounded in the head, keys, and Grinev. who rushed to his aid, they tied him up. The prisoners were dragged to the square, where Pugachev was to take an oath of allegiance from them.
The impostor sat in a chair on the porch of the commandant's house and judged the captured. The commandant and lieutenant Ivan Ignatievich, who refused to recognize him as the Emperor, were hanged, it was Grinev's turn. At that moment, he saw among the rebels Shvabrin, cut in a circle and in a Cossack caftan, who said something to Pugachev, after which Pyotr Andreyevich was dragged to the gallows without further proceedings.
Suddenly Savelich ran out of the crowd and begged Pugachev to have mercy on the young man. When the villagers began to swear allegiance to the impostor, a woman screamed, and Vasilisa Yegorovna was dragged onto the porch, who, seeing her hanged husband, began to lament. One of the Kazakhs struck her with a saber, and the commandant fell down dead.
In the evening, Grinev went to the commandant's house and found out that his beloved was alive. She was saved by the maid Broadsword, passing off as her sick niece. Masha lay in a fever behind the partition on Palasha's bed and hardly regained consciousness. Pyotr Andreevich returned home and was very surprised when Savelich declared that Pugachev was the man who brought them out of the blizzard. a little later, a Cossack appeared on behalf of the great Emperor, conveyed a demand to appear before him.
Grinev found Pugachev and his entourage at dinner. They all communicated on an equal footing, showing no preference for the leader. After dinner, the impostor sent everyone away to talk to Grinev in private. The young man answered honestly and directly, not hiding his thoughts, and Pugachev decided to let him go.
Pugachev instructs Grinev to inform the Orenburg governor that the Pugachevites will be in the city in a week. Pugachev himself leaves the Belogorsk fortress, leaving Shvabrin as commandant. Savelich gives Pugachev a "register" of the plundered lordly property, Pugachev, in a "fit of magnanimity", leaves him unattended and without punishment. Grants Grinev a horse and a fur coat from his shoulder. Masha falls ill.
Grinev goes to Orenburg. Upon arrival, he saw that the city was preparing for a siege. The military decided to stick to defensive tactics, underestimating Pugachev, who soon approached Orenburg and began a siege. Once, after the battle, Grinev met a Cossack who had lagged behind his own people, and recognized him as a sergeant of the Belogorsk fortress, who handed him a letter from Masha. She wrote that Shvabrin was forcing her to marry him, and asked for help.
Pyotr Andreevich immediately went straight to the general and began to ask for a company of soldiers and fifty Cossacks to take the Belogorsk fortress. The general refused, citing the range.
Then Ginev went to the fortress with Savelich. On the way, they were captured by the rebels and taken to Pugacheva. Grinev told him that he was going to free the orphan, and told about Masha, calling her the priest's niece, and about Shvabrin. The impostor believed, but Khlopusha decided to torture the prisoner with fire.
The young man's life hung in the balance, but Grinev started a conversation. He thanked Pugachev for the sheepskin coat and the horse, without which he would have froze, which amused his sir .. They had supper, and in the morning in the wagon they drove together to the Belororskaya fortress.
There they were met by Shvabrin, who kept Masha locked up on bread and water. Pugachev freed her and wanted to immediately marry Grinev, as Shvabrin said that she was the daughter of commandant Mironov. But the impostor forgave the young people for this deception and even ordered them to give them a pass for all their possessions.
Soon, near the Tatishcheva fortress, the troops of Prince Golitsyn, Pugachev was defeated, but was able to escape. He showed up in Siberia, where he again began to raise the people, took Kazan and went to Moscow. Finally, the news of his defeat and capture came, and Grinev was given leave so that he could go to his parents. But on the day appointed for his departure, a secret order for his arrest came.
Pyotr Andreevich was put in a cart and brought under escort to Kazan, where the trial took place. Grinev spoke frankly about everything related to his acquaintance with Pugachev, but did not mention Masha, not wanting to involve her in this matter. Shvabrin, shackled, testified against him. He accused his former friend of spying for the rebels, but the name of Captain Mironov's daughter was not mentioned in his testimony either.
Masha, meanwhile, lived on the estate of Grinev's parents, who loved her very much. One day they received a letter from St. Petersburg from one of their relatives, who reported. that their son was threatened with the gallows, but out of respect for the merits of his father he would serve his sentence in Siberia. This dishonor almost killed her father, and Masha, feeling guilty, packed up and went to Petersburg.
The Empress's court was located in Tsarskoe Selo. The girl stopped at the caretaker's house. The next morning, walking in the garden, she met a very pleasant lady, to whom she told all about herself. The lady agreed to convey to the empress a petition for Grinev.
Returning to the caretaker's house, Masha was drinking tea, when suddenly a carriage drove up, and the girl was ordered to come to the Empress. In Catherine II, she recognized the lady with whom she spoke in the morning. The empress gave her a letter of pardon from Grinev and promised to arrange their future. Masha fell at her feet. The Empress took good care of her and let her go. On the same day, the captain's daughter left for the village.
Pugachev was executed. Grinev was released from imprisonment at the end of 1774, he was present at the execution of Pugachev, who recognized him in the crowd and nodded. Soon Peter Andreevich married Masha.
Characteristics of the main characters of Pushkin's novel "The Captain's Daughter"
Petr Grinev
Pyotr Grinev is the main character in the story "The Captain's Daughter".
Pyotr Andreevich - a young man of noble origin, was brought up by the stirrup Savelich and the guys from the yard.
Peter is respectful of his parents. The fatherly word for him is the law. He dreams of serving in the capital, but he is sent to Orenburg, to the Belogorsk fortress. The child obediently fulfills the father's order.
Grinev is characterized by the concepts of honor and dignity. He serves the Empress faithfully.
Being noble and honest are Peter's life principles. Despite Savelich's indignation, he returns the lost money to Zurin. Because of the insult of Masha, Shvabrin fights with him in a duel.
Grinev is brave and courageous: he does not go over to the side of the Don Cossacks, and truthfully tells Pugachev that when ordered he will fight against his gang. Showing courage, and knowing that he could be killed, he takes Masha away from Shvabrin.
Peter did a magnanimous act that was useful to him in the future: he gave Pugachev a fur coat, for which he was pardoned.
Masha Mironova
Masha Mironova - the heroine of the first plan - a young girl, the daughter of the commandant of the Belogorsk fortress. Her image is the personification of morality and spiritual purity.
She is lonely, cowardly, laconic, but her actions are always correct. She appreciated both Shvabrin and Grinev.
She has a difficult fate. Having survived the storming of the fortress, the death of her father and mother, being captured by Shvabrin, Masha retained her fortitude and remained true to her moral assertions.
In the end, when Masha saves Peter, she, not recognizing the empress, communicates on equal terms and even argues with her. Victory remains with Masha: with her help Grinev gets out of captivity to freedom. In the image of Masha Mironova, all the best qualities of a Russian girl are collected.
Emelyan Pugachev
Emelyan Pugachev - ataman of the Cossack squad, an impostor leader. His image is presented from different sides.
After the first meeting, the unrecognized Pugachev appeared to Pyotr Grinev as a poor man with sly eyes. But when the fortress was captured, he looked like a tsar: he was wearing a caftan and a sable hat.
At the beginning of the story, Pugachev is a fierce rebel, he with all cruelty executes Masha's parents. In the end, a more generous person.
His speech is both normal, calm and rude.
Ataman is just. He helped Grinev save his bride and punished Shvabrin for using violence.
Shvabrin, a representative of the nobility, ends up in the Belogorsk fortress for murder in a forbidden duel. Alexey Ivanovich is an educated and intelligent person, but he has low spiritual qualities.
He likes Masha Mironova, but she does not reciprocate. For this he takes revenge by slandering her. In the end, he mocks her, forcibly forces her to marry him.
Shvabrin is a vile traitor: during the siege of the fortress by bandits, he, despite the oath, shamelessly goes over to their side. At the trial, he presented Grinev as Pugachev's ally.
This character appears in the story as an anti-hero, he is opposed to Peter Grinev.
Arkhip Savelich
Arkhip Savelich is an aspiring, loyal and devoted assistant, "kind uncle" of Pyotr Grinev. He is indifferent to alcohol, for which he was entrusted with the education and training of Peter. Having a truly Russian character, he treats the French governor Beaupre with contempt.
An executive, honest person, conscientiously fulfills all the orders of the owners; but he often argues with Peter and teaches him.
Savelich loyally cares for Peter: he does not allow him to repay the debt to Zurin, at the upcoming execution of Peter he is ready to sacrifice himself, after the siege of the fortress "brazenly" presents Pugachev with a list of plundered belongings.
Savelich is an unfortunate serf, he gets it from Father Grinev at every opportunity.
Mironov Ivan Kuzmich
Mironov Ivan Kuzmich - the father of Masha Mironova. Despite his noble origins, he is poor. Not being able to flatter his superiors, he gives his whole life to military service, and in his old age remains in the rank of captain. For the last twenty-two years he has served as commandant of the Belogorsk fortress.
Ivan Kuzmich loves to drink, but remains a decent person. Sometimes he trusts his wife to make decisions about the service.
Pyotr Grinev lived in the Simbirsk village. He was taught everything by the stirrup Savilich, granted to him as an uncle. But Peter was also discharged from the Frenchman Beaupre, who was supposed to teach him. However, Beaupre was soon kicked out for drinking and molesting women.
Peter himself was granted to the Semenovsky regiment from birth, but his father, at the age of 17, instead of Petersburg sent him to Orenburg, to serve as an ordinary soldier.
Savelich was sent with him. And before leaving, his father told him the proverb "take care of your dress with a new one, and honor with a young age."
They arrived in Simbirsk. Savelich went shopping, while Pyotr stayed in the tavern. Then he went to the billiard room and there he met Zurin. After a good drink, they began to play billiard for money. By the end of the day, it turned out that Peter had lost 100 rubles. The next day, Savelich was dumbfounded that Peter managed to owe a hundred, but gave the money. Immediately after that, they left the inn.
On the way, Peter made up with Savelich. Then the driver warned them not to go further, the wind began. But Peter was not frightened, and they set off across the steppe. A few hours later they were covered by a strong blizzard, and they got lost. Suddenly Peter saw a black spot and ordered to go to him. It turned out to be a man. He pointed to the right and said that it smelled like smoke from there. We went there.
Peter had a dream that he was at home and his mother met him. She says that her father is sick and you need to go to say goodbye to him. Peter comes in and sees a bearded man in bed, to whom he must bow. But Petrusha refuses, and then the man pulls out an ax and tries to hit Peter. The room is filled with corpses, and Petrusha suddenly wakes up.
They stumbled upon a house. After spending the night, Petrusha ordered Savelich to give the conductor a hare sheepskin coat as gratitude. At first Savelich resisted, but the sheepskin coat nevertheless brought it and gave it away.
The next day they arrived in Orenburg and Peter carried his father's letter to the old general. He read the letter, sent Peter to the Belogorsk fortress to serve under the command of Captain Mironov.
Belogorsk fortress, and could not be called a fortress. The palisade and the cannon are the whole defense. Peter ordered to lead to the commander of the fortress. But I did not find him at home. There was only his wife, who told him about Alexei Shvabrin, who had been sent here for the murder of the lieutenant in a duel.
Waking up the next day, Peter wanted to go to the commander, but Shvabrin showed up to him, with whom he became friends. Then the invalid came and invited them to dinner with the captain. Shvabrin went with Peter. Approaching the house, they saw how the captain was commanding a detachment of crippled and disabled people, training them.
At lunch, Peter saw the captain's daughter, Masha. He also learned that the captain and his wife had been living here for a long time, and that they had not fired from a single cannon for two years, because Masha was afraid of shooting.
They lived peacefully in the fortress and soon Peter began to like such a life. He got along with the captain and his family. There was almost no work. Therefore, Peter began to read a lot and even write poetry. He wrote a poem to Masha and read it to Shvabrin. But instead of praise, I heard only ridicule. A duel was appointed. Peter asked Ignatyich, a disabled person, to be his second.
The next day they were at seven for the stacks. Pyotr and Alexei were preparing to fight, but then Ignatyich appeared with the disabled and took them to the captain. There they were reprimanded and sent home on dry rations.
Peter made his way to the captain's house and talked to Masha. He found out that Alexei had wooed her, but she refused him. Then it became clear why he spoke so badly of her. The next day, Shvabrin came to Peter and called him to the wasteland to fight. Thanks to Beaupre's lessons in fencing, Peter was able to fight calmly. But suddenly he heard his name and turned around. At that moment, he felt a stab in the chest and fell unconscious.
Peter woke up on the 5th day and saw Masha Mironova in front of him. She was with him all this time. He was recovering quickly. Peter made an offer to Masha, to which she agreed with one condition that Petrusha's parents would approve the marriage. Peter sent the letter. After a while, my father's reply came. He strictly forbade Peter to marry and scolded him for his duel. Petrusha thought that it was Savelich who reported everything to his father and cursed the servant. But it turned out that Savelich was loyal to Peter like no other. Maria, having learned about the refusal of her parents, also opposed marriage. Peter retired from everyone at home. He only went to work. But suddenly one thing happened.
A document stating that rebels have appeared, led by Pugachev. An order was received, preparing to attack the rioters. They cleaned out the old cannon and began to prepare the weapon. We sent a scout to a neighboring village to find out what and how. But on his return, he himself was put under arrest.
They immediately caught a Bashkir who was delivering leaflets. The council decided to torture him, but nothing happened, because the Bashkir did not have a tongue, and ears and nose. Then they decided to prepare for battle, and send Masha away to Orenburg for safety.
In the morning Ignatyevich came and said that he had seen the rioters nearby. Peter asked if Masha had time to leave? But it was too late, the fortress was surrounded on all sides. All gathered on the rampart, in front of the gate. Several horsemen drove up to the fortress and told them to surrender. What they were shot at. The fortress was attacked. The army was shot from a cannon. They hit the center and the rioters stopped, but rushed with renewed vigor. The defenders went on the attack. But they were confused. The fortress fell.
The rebels began to judge the vanquished. The captain, who refused to go over to the side of the enemy, was hanged along with Ignatich. It was Peter's turn. Suddenly they heard the voice of Savelich, who begged Pugachev to have mercy on Petrusha. Peter was untied and released. The people began to swear allegiance to the new king. In one hut, the captain's wife was found and a young Cossack killed her with a saber.
Peter went to look for Masha. It turned out that she was with the priest. Petrusha was frightened, because Pugachev was there too. He quietly called the priest and asked what was wrong with Masha. She said that she was lying on the stove and was sick. But Pugachev did not touch her. Then Peter went home. Savelich was waiting for him near the house. He said that Pugachev is the guide to whom Peter presented a hare sheepskin coat.
After standing a little on the street, Petra called out to one Cossack and said that Pugachev was calling him. When Peter came, he saw about 10 people with Pugachev at the table. They all drank and sang songs. After everyone had dispersed, a one-to-one conversation began. Pugachev asked if Peter would go to his service and if he believed that he was a real tsar? To which he replied that he did not believe him and would not go to the service. Struck by such sincerity, Pugachev dismissed Peter on all four sides. Peter came home, ate and went to bed, hoping for the next day
Pugachev went out onto the porch, in front of which everyone gathered in the fortress. He started throwing coins, and there was a scuffle. Then he jumped on his horse and was about to leave, but Savelich came up to him with a piece of paper. It turned out that it was a list of things that the rioters had stolen from Grinev. Pugachev threw the sheet in Savelich's face and left.
The traitor Shvabrin remained in charge of the chief in the fortress. And Peter, having visited the sick Masha, decided to go to Orenburg as soon as possible to warn everyone. Suddenly a Cossack galloped up to them with a horse and a sheepskin coat. They were sent by Pugachev. Savelich grumbled and they drove off.
Peter, approaching Orenburg, saw that they began to strengthen it. He immediately went to the general of the fortress, to whom he told everything. He invited him to tea and the council of war in the evening. Only the general and Petrusha were on the council from the military, while the rest were just officials. On it, they decided what to do: defensively or offensively. Peter proposed to attack the Pugachev army. Officials insisted on doing something bribing. But the general decided to stay outside the walls of the fortress and wait.
The long siege of Orenburg began. Pugachevo's army increased 10 times since the capture of the Belogorsk fortress. The siege was long and boring. And in one of his sorties, Peter met a Cossack from the Belogorsk fortress. He gave him a letter from Masha. It said that Shvabrin was forcibly trying to marry her, and she asks Peter to help her.
Peter went immediately to the general and asked him to give him a company of soldiers. But the general refused, saying it was unreasonable. Then Peter decided on another act.
Peter got up and rode to the Belogorsk fortress, and Savelich joined him. Peter was on horseback, while Savelich had a nag. Pyotr rode through the patrol, fighting off the men, but Savelich was seized, then Pyotr rushed to rescue him, but he was also caught. The peasants took them to Pugachev.
He immediately recognized Grinev and asked why he had visited him. Peter did not answer, by order of Pugachev, everyone left, except for two people: an old man with a blue ribbon and a redhead without a nose. They turned out to be Pugachev's advisers. Peter directly told that he was going to the fortress to save the girl from Shvabrin. But the advisers doubted the veracity of his words, and said that Peter was an enemy spy. But Pugachev did not believe them, and they all sat down to supper together. After Peter was taken to the command hut, where Savelich was already.
The next day, Pugachev, together with Grinev and Savelich, went to the Belogorodskaya fortress. On the way, Pugachev told a tale about a raven that lived for three hundred years and ate carrion, and an eagle that lived for thirty-three years and ate fresh blood.
Shvabrin met them in the fortress and was surprised that Peter was with Pugachev. Pugachev ordered to take him to the girl, whom Alexei kept locked up. He tried to deny, but ultimately they found Masha and released her. She was pale and half-starved. Pugachev wanted to marry her with Peter, but Petrusha asked him to just let them go free. To which Pugachev agreed.
Peter began to like Pugachev. He wanted to pull him out of this robbery environment and save him from punishment, but he could not. Masha said goodbye to her parents, to the fortress, to her acquaintances, and they left this fortress forever.
They rode quickly, because they had a pass signed by Pugachev, but they were stopped by a detachment of hussars, subservient to the empress. The detachment was commanded by Zurin. The same Zurin to whom Peter lost 100 rubles in billiards. Peter explained to him how and how. To which he advised Peter to send Masha to his parents in the village, and himself to stay and fight against the enemy. So Petrusha did it.
When Masha left, Peter began to fight with zeal against the rebels, who scattered at the sight of one army. Soon they learned that Pugachev was defeated near Orenburg, but he again gathered an army and took Kazan and Simbirsk. A detachment with Peter was sent in search of Pugachev. Soon the news came that Yemelyan had been captured and would soon be executed. Peter was sad because Emelya was being executed.
He was glad to see Masha soon, but on the day of his departure he was arrested by order of the higher authorities, who learned about his affairs with Pugachev.
Peter was sent to prison and interrogated. They asked him why he alone survived, although all the other officers of the fortress were killed. Peter told the whole truth. But when he was asked about the behavior of Pugachev in the Belogorsk fortress, Peter remained silent, afraid to mention Masha Mironova. The judges, who were already on the side of Peter, did not like this very much. Then they summoned Peter, who accused him of treason. It turned out to be Shvabrin. He was thin and ill. He talked about how Pugachev traveled with Peter to the fortresses, and added a lot of lies about Peter. Then Petrusha was taken into custody and was no longer summoned.
Masha was well received at home. Peter's parents liked her for her kindness and purity. When his father found out about Peter's arrest, he was outraged that an officer from a noble family was accused of helping the rebel.
Masha is going to Petersburg to help Peter somehow. She was able to get into the garden in which the Empress was walking and there she met, as she thought, one of Elizabeth's servants. She told her about Pyotr Grinev and said that he did not betray the empress. The next day Masha was called to the palace. She met the Empress, who turned out to be that lady strolling in the garden. Elizabeth wrote a letter to Father Grinev and ordered the release of Peter.
It is also said that Peter was released and now lives in some province near some landowner in good health. This is where the story ends.
Updated: 2018-01-15
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