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A family-oriented approach to dealing with families in crisis. Thesis social work with an asocial family The concept of an asocial family and its characteristics

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The future of any society depends on the younger generation. It is the children who will determine what will be appreciated and censured in it, which traditions will be preserved and which will be forgotten. That's why contemporary problems family upbringing of a child concerns not only his parents, but the whole society as a whole.

Modern parents have ample opportunities for the comprehensive and competent development of a child with any interests and needs. They can assign him to any studio or circle, hire a specialist who is ready to deliver a speech to the child, solve problems of his development, drive away fear, become more friendly and sociable ... The list of services provided to children is endless. But with all this, parental education has undoubtedly played an important, key role in the upbringing process at all times.

Family values are the basis for raising a full-fledged personality

Deprived of support and care from the closest people, a child, even when surrounded by many highly qualified specialists, will not be able to accept and truly deeply learn the rules of upbringing.

Family education principles

What are the features of family education, the account of which is mandatory for any family interested in raising a worthy person?

The first and, perhaps, the main condition for a successful family upbringing is absolute and unconditional love for the child.

The parental home is destined to become the territory in the child's life where he will not only feel protected and safe, but also count on understanding and care, no matter what happens. Moreover, it is very important that the child understands that he is loved, regardless of his success and personal achievements. And they accept him as he really is.

Despite the fact that at first glance this condition of upbringing may seem naive and obvious, it carries an important meaning. A child who understands that the measure of parental love depends on how well he studies, pleases loved ones with sports and other achievements, grows insecure and anxious.

Tasks and goals of family education

In the event that it is not possible to attract attention to oneself by good deeds, the child chooses a fundamentally different strategy. And he begins to be stubborn, to hooliganism, demonstrating negativism for no reason at first glance. Parents most often do not understand the reasons for such a child's behavior, attributing everything to a lack of good breeding and more often than not "loading" him even more, thereby alienating him from himself and provoking even more inappropriate behavioral reactions. It turns out a vicious circle.

Understanding and accepting the feelings and emotions that the child experiences, the willingness to demonstrate the most lively and direct participation in the child's life - this is what should become the basis of family education.

Contrary to popular misconception, unconditional love cannot spoil a child and spoil him. By allowing the child to feel secure and confident, she opens up many paths for self-development for him.

Indulging the whims - raising the future selfish and tyrant

Of course, unconditional love should not be confused with indulging a child's slightest whims. The line separating what is permitted from what is forbidden in the family must be both clear for the full formation of the idea of what is forbidden and what is allowed in the child's mind, and flexible enough to adapt to the changing needs of the child. But, most parents, trusting their intuition and knowing their child, as a rule, are themselves able to understand what kind of measure of freedom he needs at one stage or another. And it is loving parents who, like no one else, know how important it is to prepare a child for reasonable self-discipline, self-development, and work on oneself.

The child's assimilation of ideas about the environment, the formation of a picture of the world - this is another, no less important task of family education.

He unobtrusively learns about the rules in force in the society in which he lives. And over time, he begins to understand how best to behave in a given situation, and what should not be done. Family education teaches a child the simplest skills of interacting with the people around him. Later, he will transfer his habits and use the acquired skills, playing with peers, and then communicating with neighbors, teachers, etc.

The family is a place of communication between representatives of different generations

Speaking about the role of the family in the development of communication skills, it should be noted that, among other things, it allows the child to interact with representatives of different age groups.

Over time, he begins to understand that it is necessary to communicate with representatives of the older generation in a completely different way than with peers. And that there are separate rules of etiquette governing interactions with boys and girls, men and women, etc. The family becomes a "miniature copy" of the society in which he will live.

Families at risk and their characteristics

Considering the modern problems of family education, one cannot ignore the problem of dysfunctional families and families at risk. Of course, every family is interested in the child being brought up in it, surrounded by care, attention and not need anything. However, a number of economic, demographic, health and other factors lead to the fact that the family finds itself in a difficult situation and is unable to provide the child with a full upbringing and development. Such families of "risk groups" need additional help. And often, due to the deepening of the problems, they are unable to perform their parenting duties properly.

Family parenting styles and their features

What is the threat of the growth of the action of unfavorable factors?

First of all, let us note the frightening tendencies: unfavorable conditions threaten an increase in the number of neglected and street children, families without a permanent place of residence, as well as low-income families, etc.

Frightening statistics showing a constant increase in the number of cases of deprivation and restriction of parental rights, registration of families indicates that the problem of family trouble requires an immediate solution.

Consider the main types of dysfunctional families that are currently found

Single-parent families

Incomplete families are those where the child lives with one of the parents. The most common problems of such families are:

Socio-economic problems. These include limited income, low material security. Most often they are inherent in such children, since in most cases they have a limited source of income. In addition, forced to combine work with childcare, a woman who remains the only guardian often cannot get a full-time job, which prevents her from receiving a full salary. And child benefits, alimony, as well as other social benefits, most often cannot cover part of the cost of children.

Reasons for the emergence of single-parent families in Russia

Behavioral problems. The absence of one of the parents most often negatively changes the style of family education. For example, trying to protect the child as much as possible from the stress associated with the experience of divorce, as well as changes affecting the family's lifestyle, many mothers begin to overly patronize their children, depriving them of independence. And some go to the other extreme, depriving children of parental care and attention, loading themselves with work. Another example of unhealthy relationships in the "child-parent" system can be the desire of the mother to show excessive severity, thus wanting to "compensate" him for the absence of a father. In all these cases, the atmosphere in the family where the child is brought up becomes extremely unhealthy.

Often, after a divorce, a mother cannot cope with the negative emotions associated with her ex-spouse. And he begins to take out his anger on his child.

The natural result of the formed negative styles of family upbringing is the rupture of child-parent relations, tendencies towards mutual distrust, disruption of communication and many problems that the child will face in the future.

Psychological problems. These include, first of all, experiences associated with the lack of moral support from one of the parents. In families where a child has experienced a divorce of his parents, many complexes are formed in him - this is the experience of separation from one of the parents, and blaming himself for what happened. In addition, the absence of one of the parents can have an extremely negative impact on the child's self-esteem.

The main problems of single-parent families

A separate problem of family education in single-parent families is the child's assimilation of models of sex-role behavior. As you know, gender models, that is, behavioral models characteristic of representatives of one sex or another, the child learns, first of all, looking at the parents. Growing up in a family, the child begins to gradually notice first obvious external, then behavioral differences between men and women, as well as correlate himself with one of these models. An incomplete family significantly limits the child in this opportunity. And if, for example, a boy grows up without a father, in the future it will be more difficult for him to demonstrate forms of male behavior in many situations.

Many parents seek to solve this problem by remarrying. However, building relationships with a new family member also requires a lot of effort on the part of the child's loved ones.

Ways to Solve the Problems of Single Parent Families

An extended single-parent family is a separate category of single-parent families. If in the usual single-parent family the child is brought up by the mother or, less often, the father, then in the extended one, grandparents act as guardians. In such a family, in addition to socio-economic, there are a number of specific difficulties. Grandparents from behind big difference at the age with children, often have difficulties in building constructive relationships with them, it is difficult for them to earn their authority. The children of such guardians are more likely than others to exhibit forms of delinquent and deviant behavior.

Types of deviant behavior of children from single-parent families

Large families... Despite the fact that at the beginning of the twentieth century, having eight or more children in a family was considered almost the norm, today the situation has changed radically. And despite the fact that upbringing in a large family greatly facilitates the socialization of the child, developing in him the skills of communication and interaction with peers, and also fosters responsibility in him, they still belong to families at risk.

The main problems of large families

Large families can be planned and unplanned. Also, depending on some features, they are divided into the following categories:

Families with many children associated with culturally determined factors (for example, in cases where the religion of the parents categorically prohibits abortion, or traditions, as well as the personal beliefs of family members encourage large families.) Such parents can experience many difficulties associated with raising and providing children, however, children in them are always desirable, planned, and parents have a desire to give birth to them and raise them in the future.
Large families due to the creation of remarriages. Often, a man and a woman who enter into an agreement to live together already have their own children, born in previous marriages. In most cases, such a decision is made responsibly, with an understanding of what potential spouses are going to do. But more often than not, they are quite safe, with the exception of those cases when the parents did not manage to establish relations between relatives.
Large families due to the low socio-cultural level of parents. This is the most difficult category of large families, since parents, due to reduced cultural development, bad habits, and an asocial lifestyle, do not realize the degree of responsibility that is assigned to them in connection with parenting. And a child born in such a family often does not have the necessary conditions for full development. And therefore it needs serious rehabilitation measures.

Risk factors for children from large families

The problems of children brought up in large families are usually similar:

Due to a lack of parental attention, children often develop inadequately low self-esteem.
Due to the fact that in large families part of the care for the younger ones falls on the older ones, the social age of the former rises, the latter becomes noticeably lower.
The shorter the interval between the birth of children, the stronger will be their competition for parental resources.
Tendencies towards a negative perception of social institutions (in particular the family).

Family raising a child with disabilities... The socialization of persons with disabilities today is significantly difficult. A disabled person needs constant care, his income is significantly limited, and his adaptive capacity is reduced. All this affects not only the financial situation of the family, where there is a person with disabilities, but also its psychological climate.

Families with disabled children are at risk

A family raising a child with disabilities is most often forced to solve the following problems:

Socio-economic problems. To care for a disabled child, one of the parents is often forced to leave the job, or hire a person to take on part of these obligations. Both of these negatively affect the family budget. In addition, for the full growth and development of such a child, expensive drugs and special equipment are often needed. Benefits and social benefits in most cases can only partially solve this problem.
Psychological problems. Despite the fact that the intra-family climate of such families can be quite favorable and prosperous, the risk of divorce in them is much higher. As a result, the child is deprived of a significant amount of support and assistance.
If a child has complex or complex disorders, the lack of professional assistance from specialists often leads to the fact that the child begins to notice a serious lag in intellectual development. the absence or restriction in the interaction of the child with others slows down his social development, provoking psychological immaturity.

Families with abuse... Domestic abuse can affect both the children themselves and their family members. In relation to the child, the following may be established:

Economic violence. Depriving the child of material benefits, deliberate refusal to provide the child with an adequate level of provision of clothing, food, etc.
Sexual abuse. Forced coercion of a child into sexual interaction, as well as sexual debauchery in relation to him.
Physical violence. Beating, inflicting bodily harm on a child, worsening his health condition.
Psychological abuse. Depriving the child of the proper environment for full development and upbringing. Depriving a child of full contact with an adult.

Domestic violence is inherited

Whatever the nature of the harsh treatment of the child, its systematic use fundamentally breaks the child's personality, making him insecure, fearful, and in other cases overly aggressive and conflict.

Abuse in the family can also spread to other family members (for example, abuse by the father against the mother, abuse by the parents against the grandparents).

Despite the fact that this form of cruelty does not directly affect the child, it cannot but affect his moral and psychological well-being.

In addition, a child in whose presence family conflicts occur runs the risk of becoming involved in one of the behaviors in the future:

Become the object of violence yourself. In families where abuse is practiced, abuse becomes the norm over time. And when creating a family in the future, the child will himself, without realizing it, implement the behavioral patterns practiced in his parental family.
Become a subject of violence, copying the actions of the aggressive party carrying out the violence.

Childhood trauma leaves a mark for life

In any of the above cases, the correction of abuse is impossible without taking into account not only the most obvious and obvious, but also hidden forms of risk.

Despite the fact that we gave an example of families with the most obvious and pronounced disadvantage, the difficulties of upbringing will not escape complete families with few children.

Many circumstances - for example, temporary absence of a job for one and both parents, delayed wages, illness of one of the family members - all this can lead to the fact that yesterday a prosperous family will need help today. The further fate of this family will largely depend on how timely and high-quality the assistance addressed to them will be. Thus, she can either cope with difficulties, or go into the category of dysfunctional.

In addition, specialists distinguish a separate category of families with latent trouble:

High-income families.
Family, one or more members of which are well-known, media persons.
Families with excessively rigid or, on the contrary, blurred family boundaries.
Families with codependent members.
Distrustful families.
Families focused on the unconditional success of the child.

Dysfunctional families must be constantly monitored

A distinguishing feature of families with hidden disadvantages is that, although their difficulties are not so striking and not so obvious, they have an equally negative impact on the development of the child who is brought up there.

This significantly complicates the recognition by the family of the fact of trouble and, as a consequence, work with it.

Ways of correcting social problems of family education

The difficulties that social services currently face in solving problems of family problems are certainly large-scale. And it is almost impossible to solve them in the shortest possible time. But, despite this, it is possible and necessary to take measures to solve problems of this type.

Among possible ways corrections:

Development of the sphere of prevention and early diagnosis of child abuse and other forms of family trouble
Expansion of the telephone helpline network, raising the psychological culture of the population.
Expansion of networks of social rehabilitation centers, as well as centers of assistance and support for disadvantaged families and families at risk
Organization of courses for foster and foster families, where candidates for adoption or guardianship could acquire the necessary skills to interact with a foster child
The system of measures for the prevention of social orphanhood, homelessness and neglect

Working with families at risk, of course, requires an integrated approach that takes into account all the circumstances in which they find themselves. But no matter how difficult the situation in which the child finds himself, a correctly constructed interaction strategy and belief in his best qualities will allow him to return the joy of life. And the opportunity to look with a smile into the future, where there is no place for violence and cruelty.

GRADUATE WORK

Social work with an asocial family

Introduction

Chapter I. Theoretical foundations of the social and pedagogical work of a social teacher with families leading an asocial lifestyle

1Specifics of the work of a social teacher in the countryside

1.2 Methods of work of a social teacher with various categories of families

1.3 The main directions of social work with families leading an asocial lifestyle

4 Legal aspects of the protection of children from asocial families

Chapter II. Socio-pedagogical project

Conclusion

Introduction

Social work is a type of activity that is aimed at improving the social well-being of a person in society, at overcoming a variety of social problems.

Typical problems of social work include the following problems: protection of public health, humanization of social relations of the modern family, protection of motherhood and childhood, orphans, youth, women, pensioners, disabled people, persons without a fixed abode, migrants, refugees, and the unemployed. The school is designed to coordinate the joint efforts of the family and the community to create a socially favorable environment for raising children.

The family is a system of social functioning of a person, one of the main institutions of his socialization. Its functions are transformed not only under the influence of socio - economic conditions, but also due to the internal processes of its development. Practice shows that the cost of raising children is the primary and most important indicator of family problems. The relevance of this topic lies in the fact that the family in modern conditions does not always independently find a way out of difficult life situations.

The growing number of families unable to cope with the upbringing of children, children not attending school, forced to earn their living from an early age makes the task of helping disadvantaged and asocial families more and more urgent.

The main directions of social work with an asocial family and social problems are considered in the works of P.D. Pavlenka and E.I. Single.

Various methods of providing social assistance to asocial families, as well as criteria and indicators of dysfunctional families, are considered in his works by NF Basov.

Guryanova examines the position of the rural population in modern society, its main problems and development trends.

Research problem: what is the content of social work with an asocial family in rural areas

Research object: social work with an asocial family.

Subject of research: the content of social work with an asocial family in the countryside

Purpose of the study: to characterize the content of social work with an asocial family

To study the literature on this issue, the content of social work with asocial families.

Describe the asocial family as a client of social work.

Consider the legal regulation of social assistance to the family.

Develop a project to help a family leading an antisocial lifestyle

Analysis of the project result

Hypothesis: work with a family leading an antisocial lifestyle will be effective under the following conditions:

parent coding and their employment;

attracting specialists to help the family;

improvement of the village society;

restoration of the resources of the village, by attracting sponsors;

Research methods: analysis, generalization, synthesis.

Methodical structure: content, introduction, theoretical part, consisting of 5 paragraphs, draft, conclusion and bibliography.

Practical relevance: the project can be used in practice by a social teacher in rural areas.

Chapter I Theoretical foundations of the social and pedagogical work of a social teacher with families leading an asocial lifestyle

1 The specifics of the work of a social teacher in the countryside

antisocial family children protection

For the rural community of the late 90s of the 20th century, a social teacher is a new profession, "becoming", little-known to the general public and therefore did not receive wide public recognition. The social teacher is a representative of a small detachment of the intelligentsia. A modern rural social pedagogue is a kind of legal successor, a successor of the traditions of social activity, which has always been carried out by rural teachers, cultural workers as deputies of village and settlement councils, lecturers, propagandists. He is the most active cultural force in the village, a conductor of state social, family, youth policy to the village masses, an advisor and educator, the first authority in the village.

A rural teacher, according to M.P. we have to do hundreds of "small" things that simply do not fall to the lot of a social teacher in a city or in a large village. In the village, they go to a social teacher for a book, ask for advice, resolve a dispute, settle a family conflict, help in honoring veterans, publish a wall newspaper, and talk. This social service is the lofty spiritual mission of the social teacher of the village.

The social educator acts as a link between the past and the future. It is called upon to initiate work on the collection and preservation of folk traditions, the historical memory of previous generations. It is intended to become a kind of center for the unity of the disparate forces of the village in solving the most difficult problems of social education, ensuring the continuity of peasant traditions, the spiritual commandments of the rural world.

The specificity of the work of a rural social teacher is determined by his role in the life of the village, a set of requirements imposed by the rural community on a social teacher, a special mechanism for solving educational and social problems based on the traditions of rural, largely communal life, and the living conditions of the rural population. Practice shows that the rural society makes increased demands on the social teacher. Social pedagogical work in the countryside is one of the most difficult areas of social pedagogical work, requiring specialized professional training and special personal qualities. The rural social educator works under conditions of strict social control, in full view of the entire community. People appreciate him not only as a specialist, an expert in their field of knowledge, but above all as a person, a family man, a hard worker. Therefore, high moral qualities, clear moral guidelines, authority and respect among rural residents are integral features of a rural social teacher. Also, the art of communicating with the village audience has a special character. The relationship between people is quite complex, although outwardly they create the appearance of simplicity. Rural life is arranged in such a way that rural residents can resort to the help of a social educator at any time of the day or night, make a request anywhere - at work, at home, in a store. Therefore, the problem of psychological readiness to perform their professional duties outside of working hours is a specific feature of the work of a rural social teacher.

In rural areas, a multi-skilled specialist is needed. The social educator is forced to be a multidisciplinary and universal specialist, often in one person he combines the duties of a social educator and a social worker.

A rural social educator works in a local, rather closed social community, where people know each other well.

Guryanova M.P. notes that a modern social teacher is forced to act against the background of a dilapidated or extremely poor social sphere of the village, exacerbation of social problems, he works in conditions of a decrease in the social activity of people, a loss of traditions of cultural and educational work in the village, an increase in disintegration processes, an increase in the employment of people in personal auxiliary farm. In this situation, a person who is well aware of the specifics of life in the countryside, the way of life, the way of life of rural residents, who understands well the ways of social development of the village, can awaken the public initiative of people. Practice shows that a rural resident who knows the traditions of a given rural area can effectively work as a social teacher.

A specific feature of the work of a social teacher in the countryside is the ability to build relationships, cooperate with local authorities, public associations, regional government services, adults and children, therefore, for a rural social teacher it is important to be a skillful organizer, to be able to unite, unite people to achieve the goals of social education and social work.

Guryanova M.P. in his book "Rural School and Social Pedagogy" he identifies the requirements for the personality of a rural social teacher.

Working in a specific rural social environment requires a social teacher to display personal qualities.

According to Guryanova, an analysis of the activities of rural social teachers allows us to conclude that a candidate for the position of a rural social teacher must have certain personal qualities that correspond to the Code of Ethics of a social teacher and social worker. An important quality for a candidate for social education is social activity. This is a quality associated with an active, energetic, open character of a person, his ability to awaken others to active activity. No less important for a rural teacher is sociability - a necessary tool in professional activity, since a rural teacher is constantly in the thick of life, constantly in communication with people. Constant and close communication with people is a distinctive feature of the rural social teacher.

A social educator is an “acting” professional who realizes a creative idea with his own hands. The social teacher himself plans, designs his own activities, makes a pedagogical project for the functioning of the micro-society. This is a complex skill that includes the ability to creatively combine possible components of this activity, to quickly change the direction of activity, taking into account intermediate results, changed conditions.

An equally important pedagogical skill is the organization of social and educational activities. The ability of a social educator to develop organizational skills in their wards is important. Teach them what he can do himself. This "double" skill is acquired, first of all, in the process of practice, in the system of professional training and retraining of social teachers.

Methodology for the work of a family social teacher

As a rule, all families of one village, or one street, are under the social patronage of the family social educator. The social teacher pays increased attention to large, low-income, single-parent families, families in need of pedagogical correction. He regularly visits these families, a card index is drawn up on them, in which data on the composition of the family, its needs, interests are entered.

Providing professional help to people in solving their personal and social problems, the social educator makes sure that social assistance is active. It includes children and adults in social work as its subjects. A social teacher develops various types of self-help, he supports and stimulates people to develop their own strengths, constructive activities, and use their internal reserves. Family social educators become a link not only between family and school, but also between family and village administration. At school, the social educator is called upon to help solve the problems of students, reducing the gap between the level of training of graduates of rural and urban schools. Its activities are aimed at creating a favorable environment in an educational institution, in helping students and teachers in solving various kinds of problems, in establishing broad contacts with the social environment.

Thus, we can conclude that a social teacher is a friend, advisor, helper for children, an active participant in the educational process. Together with teachers and parents, he helps children understand the need for lifelong learning throughout their lives.

2 Methods of work of a social teacher with various categories of families

In modern science, there are many typologies of the family. A family of any type can become an object of social support. However, the degree of need for social support will be different, as well as its specific content, the types of assistance that need or may need families belonging to different types.

Shakurova M.V. highlights the typology, which is based on the family's ability to solve the normative and non-normative crises that arise before it:

Families in which the system of interactions is quite flexible, whose members are free to manifest their feelings and desires and discuss all emerging problems together, which makes it possible to find new patterns of relationships, to adequately change the family structure. Families of this type need social support in situations of abnormal stress, in the event of dangerous but natural situations, such as an accident, serious illness, physical or mental defect, untimely death, accident caused by external factors. Moreover, these families can even act as volunteers for social services working with families.

Families in which the main efforts are aimed at maintaining agreement and unity in front of the outside world, achieved by subordinating the will and desires of all to the will and desires of one and in which, therefore, any individual disagreements are excluded. These families in no small measure need support and protection, but because of their "closeness" to the outside world, appeal for her is possible only in the event of events that seem to "explode" the boundaries of the family and become known. These can be mental illness, violence against family members.

Families in which interactions are chaotic and based on continuous disputes and conflicts leading to a crisis, moreover past experience does not serve as a guide for future behavior. These families have a chaotic structure, poorly organized, conflicted and have almost no own potential for resolving crisis situations. Therefore, they are in greatest need of social support.

Family typology according to its functional consistency

Families can be roughly divided into: functionally sound and functionally untenable. Among functionally insolvent families, that is, families that cannot cope with raising children, from 50 to 60% are families characterized by unfavorable socio-psychological factors, the so-called conflict families, where relations between spouses are chronically exacerbated, and pedagogically insolvent families with low psychological - the pedagogical culture of the parents, the wrong style of parent-child relations. A wide variety of incorrect styles of parent-child relationships are observed: rigidly authoritarian, pedanticly suspicious, exhorting, inconsistent, detachedly indifferent, conniving and condescending. As a rule, parents with socio-psychological and psychological-pedagogical problems are aware of their difficulties, strive to seek help from teachers, psychologists, because they are not always able to understand their mistakes, the characteristics of their child, rebuild the style of relations in the family, go out without the help of a specialist. from a protracted family, school or other conflict. Such families can be helped by a network of psychosocial services. At the same time, there are a significant number of families unaware of their problems, the conditions in which are so difficult that they threaten the life and health of children. As a rule, these are families with criminal risk factors, where parents, due to their antisocial or criminal lifestyle, do not create elementary conditions for raising children, abuse of children and women is allowed, the involvement of children and adolescents in criminal and antisocial activities takes place. It is obvious that children from such families need measures of social and legal protection, assistance from PDN officers, district police officers, and representatives of law enforcement agencies.

A family typology that takes into account the specifics of the desocializing influence exerted by the family on its members.

Families with direct desocializing influence demonstrate asocial behavior and antisocial orientations, thus acting as institutions of desocialization. These are criminal-immoral families, in which criminal risk factors prevail, and asocial-immoral families, which are characterized by antisocial attitudes and orientations.

Criminally immoral families pose the greatest danger in terms of their negative impact on children. The life of children in such families, due to the lack of elementary care for their content, abuse, sexual promiscuity of parents is often threatened. These are the so-called social orphans, whose upbringing should be entrusted to the state and public care. Otherwise, the child will face early vagrancy, runaways from home, complete social insecurity both from abuse in the family and from the criminalizing influence of criminal formations. Taking into account the acute social ill-being and criminality that characterize these families, it is advisable to carry out social work with them together with the employees of the PDN, focusing on such forms as social patronage and social and legal protection of children. These measures are necessary because, as a rule, whole companies of neighboring children arise around such families, thanks to adults who are addicted to alcohol, vagrancy, theft and begging, and a criminal subculture.

Asocial-immoral families, this type of family includes families with openly acquisitive orientations, in which there are no moral norms and restrictions. The situation in these families may look decent, the standard of living is quite high, but spiritual aspirations are replaced by purely acquisitive goals with very indiscriminate means of achieving them. Such families also have a desocializing influence on children, directly instilling antisocial views and value orientations in them. This category of families and minors is especially difficult for corrective and preventive work. Despite the negative influence that parents have on children, as a rule, there is no formal reason for making a decision to remove a child from such families. There is a high level of material well-being, a sober lifestyle, and the desire of parents to take care of their children. In relation to such families, most often applicable corrective methods, based on the principles of "reverse socialization", when through growing children, who quite clearly reflect the inner appearance of parents, parents rethink their own positions. However, a significant drawback of reverse socialization methods is their belatedness, the epiphany often comes too late to significantly change something in the personality of a teenager.

A different approach is required by families with indirect desocializing influence - conflict and pedagogically untenable. In a conflict family, for various psychological reasons, personal relationships between spouses are built not on the principle of mutual respect and understanding, but on the principle of conflict, alienation. Conflicted families can be either noisy, scandalous, where heightened tones, irritation become the norm in the relationship between spouses, and "quiet", where the relationship of spouses is characterized by complete alienation, the desire to avoid any interaction. In all cases, a conflict family negatively affects the formation of the child's personality and can cause various antisocial manifestations.

When working with families, where the relationship of the spouses is chronically complicated and are actually on the verge of disintegration, the teacher, social educator, and practical psychologist must perform psychotherapeutic functions. In a conversation with parents, it is necessary, after carefully listening to both parties, to try, if possible, to extinguish the spouses' displeasure with each other, to show the reasons leading to the aggravation of relations, to consolidate the relationship between the spouses, primarily based on the interests of the child. With conflict families, painstaking individual work is needed to improve the relationship of spouses, which requires great tact, wisdom, good knowledge of life, professionalism

The most common, according to Shakurova, are pedagogically unsuccessful families, in which, under relatively favorable conditions, relationships with children are formed incorrectly, serious pedagogical errors are made, leading to various asocial manifestations in the consciousness and behavior of children. Families that are poor in education and conflict do not have a direct desocializing influence on children. The formation of antisocial orientations in children occurs because, due to pedagogical errors, a difficult moral and psychological atmosphere, the educational role of the family is lost here, and in terms of the degree of its influence, it begins to yield to other institutions of socialization that play an unfavorable role.

Pedagogically unsuccessful families, first of all, need psychological and pedagogical correction of the style of family education and the nature of the relationship between parents and children as the main factors that determine an indirect desocializing influence. This help can be provided by psychologists, as well as social educators and experienced teachers who are well aware of the individual characteristics of children and adolescents, the conditions of their family upbringing and have sufficient psychological and pedagogical training.

Family typology by type of educational mistakes

Families with a permissive-condescending style of upbringing, when parents do not attach importance to the misconduct of children, do not see anything terrible in them, believe that "all children are like that" that "we ourselves were the same." In such cases, it is difficult for a teacher or psychologist to change the complacent, complacent mood of such parents, to force them to seriously react to problematic moments in the child's behavior.

Families with a position of circular defense of upbringing, build their relationships with others on the principle "our child is always right." Such parents are very aggressive towards anyone who points out the wrong behavior of their children. Even the commission of a serious crime by a teenager in this case does not sober up dads and moms. They continue to look for the culprit on the side. Children from such families suffer from especially serious defects of moral consciousness, they are deceitful and cruel, and very difficult to re-educate.

Families with a demonstrative upbringing style, when parents, more often a mother, do not hesitate to complain about their child to each and every one, tell about his misdeeds at every corner, clearly exaggerating the degree of their danger, loudly declare that he is growing up as a "bandit". This leads to a loss in the child of bashfulness, feelings of remorse for his actions, removes internal control over his behavior, causes anger towards adults and parents.

Families with a pedantic and suspicious parenting style, in which parents do not believe, do not trust their children, subject them to abusive total control, try to completely isolate them from their peers, friends, strive for absolute control free time child, circle of his interests, occupations, communication.

Families with a rigidly authoritarian parenting style in which parents abuse physical punishment. The father is more inclined to this style of relationship, seeking to severely beat the child on any occasion, believing that there is only one effective educational method - cruel reprisals. Children usually grow up in such cases aggressive, cruel, tend to offend the weak, small, defenseless. Representatives of the prevention authorities should stand up for the protection of children from parental cruelty, while applying all available funds impacts that protect a child from cruelty - from persuasion to administrative and criminal punishment.

Families with an admonishing style of upbringing, where, in contrast to the rigidly authoritarian style, parents show complete helplessness towards their children, prefer to admonish, persuade and explain endlessly, without using any volitional influences and punishments. In this case, a social teacher is required to be firm and exacting in relation to both the minor and his parents.

Families with a detached, indifferent parenting style. This style occurs, as a rule, in families where parents, in particular the mother, are absorbed in the arrangement of their personal life. Having married a second time, the mother finds neither time nor mental strength for her children from her first marriage, she is indifferent to both the children themselves and their actions. Children are left to their own devices, feel superfluous, tend to be less at home, with pain they perceive the indifferently detached attitude of the mother. Such adolescents gratefully perceive the interested, benevolent attitude of the elder, they are able to become attached to the boss, the educator, which helps in educational work.

Families with an upbringing of the "idol of the family" type. This attitude often arises in relation to late children, when a long-awaited child is finally born to elderly parents or a single woman. In such cases, they are ready to pray for the child, all his requests and whims are fulfilled, as a result, he develops extreme egocentrism, egoism, the first victims of which are the parents themselves.

Families with an inconsistent parenting style, when the parents, especially the mother, lack the self-control and self-control to implement consistent parenting tactics in the family. There are sharp emotional changes in relations with children - from punishment, tears, swearing to touching and affectionate manifestations, which leads to the loss of parental authority. The teenager becomes uncontrollable, unpredictable, neglects the opinion of his elders, parents. We need a patient consistent line of behavior of an educator, a psychologist.

The evidence obtained as a result of various diagnostic actions that a family belongs to a particular type facilitates the choice of the most effective direction of social and pedagogical work with it, but they are relative and cannot insure against possible miscalculations and mistakes. A significant role belongs to the pedagogical skill and tact of the social teacher.

Thus, we can say that when organizing work with a family of any type, the following is necessary:

it is unpleasant for parents to hear bad things about their children, so it is necessary to learn not only to complain about the child, but also to praise him, to see the good in him;

do not go public negative sides family education;

do not abuse the trust of the teenager and his parents;

a final and hopeless diagnosis should not be made, since no diagnostic method provides indisputable and definitively correct information.

3 The main directions of social work with an asocial family

Social work with the family should focus on solving everyday family problems, strengthening and development of positive family relations, restoration of internal resources, stabilization of the achieved positive results in the socio-economic situation and orientation towards the realization of social potential.

The family is a complex social system, which is characterized by the features of a social institution and a small social group. The family as a social institution is a complex social phenomenon. "As a social institution of society, the family is a set of social norms, patterns of behavior that regulate the relationship between spouses, parents and children, and other relatives."

According to A.G. Kharcheva, is a small social group of society based on marital union and family ties, on joint management of a common household and mutual moral responsibility.

S.V. Teterskiy defines the family as a social formation that has its own specificity in each concrete historical type of society; their traditions in each national culture.

As a small social group, the family realizes the natural (vital) needs of its members; creates conditions for direct contacts; does not have a rigidly structured system of vertical relationships; socializes its subjects with a sense of kinship, love, affection and responsibility for each other, accumulated social experience.

According to Pavlenka P.D., the family is defined as a social institution based on consanguinity, marriage or adoption, an association of people connected by a common life and mutual responsibility for raising children; a set of social relations. Based on such factors. Like biological ties, marriage and legal rules and regulations. Concerning adoption, guardianship.

Considering the family as an object of social work, it is necessary to take into account its structure, environment, functioning, traditions and customs. The family structure is multifaceted, as well as the multifaceted functions it performs.

The structure of the family is understood as the totality of relations between its members, including, in addition to relations of kinship, a system of spiritual, moral relations, including relations of power, authority. There are authoritarian and democratic (egalitarian) families.

Many families need help and support in order to fully fulfill the functions prescribed by society.

According to the definition of Lodkina T.V., an asocial family is a family, a feature of which is a negative antisocial orientation, expressed in the transfer of such attitudes to social values, requirements, traditions to children, which are alien, and sometimes hostile to the normal way of life.

Social work with an asocial family should be aimed at providing social and psychological assistance to such a family, solving family problems, strengthening and developing positive family relations, restoring internal resources, stabilizing the achieved positive results in the socio-economic situation and focusing on the realization of social potential.

But in general, the main directions of social work with an asocial family can be identified: diagnostic and rehabilitation.

Diagnostics involves the collection and analysis of information about the family and its members, identification of problems. Family diagnostics is a difficult and responsible process that requires a social worker to comply with the following principles:

objectivity, adequacy of methods and techniques, complementarity and verification of the information received;

client-centrism (attitude to the problem in accordance with the interests of the client);

confidentiality, respect for the client's right to privacy and the ability to foresee possible options his reactions to the proposed action.

Family diagnostics is a long-term process that does not allow for unceremonious actions and ill-considered conclusions.

To diagnose a family developmental situation, such methods of work as observation, conversation, questioning, testing can be used. Scale, card, projective, associative, expressive techniques provide sufficient information for making a decision, developing correctional assistance programs. The social worker receives a lot of useful information by applying the biographical method and analyzing the documentation concerning the family and its members.

Based on the received diagnostic material, it is possible to draw up a social map of the family, which will contain information about its members, their age, education of parents and children, their specialties, place of work, family income; the state of health, housing conditions, the main problems of relationships in the family. Then it is established to which risk group this family can be attributed. It is advisable to make a forecast in the family's social map. economic development families, to offer an option for help (emergency, stabilizing, preventive) and to argue the need for rehabilitation.

Rehabilitation is a system of measures to restore lost well-being in family relationships or form new ones. In order to rehabilitate the family and its members, in world practice, institutions of social services for families and children, territorial centers, shelters, medical, psychological and social crisis centers are used. The content of their activities is to provide family members or an individual different types help in order to support or increase resources, reorient family members to other values, change their attitudes. In such institutions, family members can get advice from specialists, attend group classes, and join one of the rehabilitation programs.

Patronage is of great importance when returning to the family of a person who has undergone a certain rehabilitation program.

According to Shakurova, the following stages of patronage can be distinguished:

) preparation - preliminary acquaintance with all available information about the family, drawing up questions for an interview;

) Entering the family. Creation and maintenance of motivation to overcome the crisis. The social educator should help first to formalize the existing positive potential of the family into the plans and intentions of its members, and then help translate these plans and intentions into targeted actions to overcome the crisis.

) Collecting and evaluating information - finding out the composition and living conditions of the family, relationships in it, methods of raising children, financial situation, health status of family members; filling out a social card; highlighting the problems that the social protection service can solve.

) Analysis of information about the family - this helps the social educator find optimal approaches to solving her problems, as well as the most effective ways interaction with her.

) Taking the family out of social isolation. Family plan and contract. The contract is drawn up by a social educator based on an analysis of the information received together with family members. It summarizes the intentions of the parties and their obligations. Establishing contacts with other institutions and specialists.

) Leaving the family. At the end of the intensive period of work, the social educator presents the Family Change Card. The issue of removing the family from social patronage and establishing supervision over it for a certain period is being considered. At the same time, the social educator regularly informs the commission on minors' affairs and the protection of their rights and members of the network of interaction about the situation of the family.

In the activities of the social educator, supervision is also used, both formal and informal. Official supervision is carried out by a social educator on behalf of official bodies, whose responsibilities directly include control over certain social processes and phenomena, over the activities of the relevant social objects and persons.

Depending on the nature of the existing family problems, the so-called minimum and maximum programs are implemented at various stages of patronage.

Minimum programs address situations associated with the sudden loss of something very valuable in the family: physical health, relatives and friends, work. In such cases, the efforts of the social worker are directed towards recovery in a relatively short time the ability of members of a given family to function optimally, despite the presence of objective and often irreversible restrictions and losses.

The maximum program is designed to provide assistance in extreme situations of trouble, if necessary, not only to compensate for what was lost, but also to achieve a reorientation of the life position, to replace or correct the previous behavioral patterns of family members.

Thus, social work with an asocial family includes such aspects as economic, legal, psychological, social, pedagogical and, therefore, requires a specialist to know the basics of these sciences and master their technologies.

1.4 Protection of the rights of children living in asocial families

Sherstneva N. in her article "Protection of the rights of children living in asocial families" the main provisions this process... The state is called upon to protect children from the arbitrariness of the family, cruel treatment of them. For this purpose, Art. 156. Responsibility for it arises for: 1) failure to fulfill or improper fulfillment of responsibilities for the upbringing of children; 2) child abuse.

An analysis of the criminal cases considered by the courts shows that the punishment for persons found guilty of cruel treatment of their children is, as a rule, imposed in the form of correctional labor. Often it is appointed conditionally, turns out to be overly lenient and, in fact, rarely, which changes the position of children. It can be noted that, as a rule, crimes of this category are committed by parents (one of the parents), and the family has a common source of livelihood, then the punishment cannot but affect the family's budget as a whole, and in particular on the funds allocated for the maintenance of the minor.
When investigating criminal cases initiated under Art. 156, there are difficulties associated with the need to establish a sign of systematic non-fulfillment or improper fulfillment of responsibilities for the upbringing of minors and cruel treatment with them. In a number of regions, the courts point to the need to establish at least three facts of infliction of bodily harm, as well as to establish the dates of their infliction, which is not always possible to do.
The unsatisfactory material living conditions of the majority of the population led to the weakening of traditional social institutions. The family is in crisis. More than 70% of juvenile offenders are brought up in problem families - incomplete and large, in which parents are not able to provide a normal upbringing of children. V Russian Federation v last years norm-setting work continues to ensure and protect the rights of families and children. Legislative acts on the protection of the health of citizens, on labor protection, presidential decrees on helping families and children, and a number of other normative legal acts have been adopted, which contain norms that protect the rights and interests of families and children. At the same time, norms remain that are inadequate to the difficult socio-economic conditions of the transition to market relations, and are incapable of preventing their negative impact on family relations.
Adopted in the context of building a legal society, the Criminal, Civil and Family Codes provide for conceptually new aspects of protecting the interests of the most vulnerable segments of the population, primarily children.
The fundamental is the constitutional provision on the protection of the family, motherhood and childhood by the state. The purpose of the Family Code is proclaimed to establish such legal conditions that maximally contribute to the strengthening of the family and the free development of all its members: equality and equality of spouses in the family, the resolution of intra-family issues by mutual consent, the priority of family education of children. At the same time, the most important principle of the new family legislation is the legal setting to consider the child as an independent subject of law. In connection with this norm, the legal status of the child in the family in the new Family Code is determined from the point of view of the interests of the child, and not the rights and obligations of the parents.

For the first time, the Family Code defines the basis for the legal protection of children from domestic violence. It has been established that parenting methods determined by parents should exclude neglect, rude treatment, abuse and exploitation of children (Article 65 of the SK), the norms regarding deprivation of parental rights (Articles 69-71 of the SK) are strengthened, restoration of parental rights is allowed only with consent a child who has reached the age of 10 (Article 72 of the Criminal Code). The institution of judicial restriction of parental rights was further developed (Articles 73-76 of the IC), immediate pre-trial removal of a child from his parents is allowed in cases of an immediate threat to his life and health in the family (Article 77 of the Criminal Code). A special section of the UK is devoted to the legal issues of raising children without parental care. The Family Code gives priority to the family upbringing of such children and contains the regulation of these forms: adoption, custody and guardianship, foster family.

Litigation arising from marriage and family relations refers to such civil cases in which the corresponding grounds for improper performance by parents of their duties, restrictions on parental rights, abandonment of a child after divorce (parental choice), deprivation of parental rights (abuse) have both psychological content, and can be determined by the characteristics of the mental state of the parents, the presence of their mental disabilities. This requires special forensic psychological and forensic psychiatric research.

Assessment of the mental state of persons who are emotionally significant for the child and those in his immediate environment, in cases of their committing criminal acts related to cruel treatment of the child (Article 117 - torture; Article 125 - leaving in danger; Article 116 - beatings Of the Criminal Code of the Russian Federation).

The introduction of the Family and Civil Codes has significantly expanded the possibilities of protecting the interests of children in civil proceedings. According to the Family Code of the Russian Federation (clause 1 of article 65), parental rights cannot be exercised in contradiction with the interests of children. When exercising parental rights, parents have no right to harm the physical and mental health of children, their moral development.

Shakurova M.V. notes that Article 73 determines the ability of the court to take a decision, taking into account the interests of the child, to take the child away from the parents or one of them without deprivation of parental rights, i.e. restriction of parental rights, in the event that a child's stay with his parents is dangerous for him due to circumstances beyond the control of the parents, such as the presence of a mental disorder or other illness.

According to Art. 69 parents may be deprived of parental rights if they evade their responsibilities for raising children, abuse parental rights, abuse children, refuse to take their child from a maternity hospital or other institution without good reason; are patients with chronic alcoholism and drug addiction; commit a deliberate crime against the life or health of their children or spouse.

In all these categories of cases, the court, when considering a dispute, is guided primarily by the interests of the child. In disputes about the right to upbringing, the compliance with the interests of children of a particular action is established - the transfer of a child from one parent to another, the determination of the child's place of residence with a specific parent, restriction of parental rights, restoration of parental rights.

Changing socio-economic, social conditions affect the nature of interpersonal relationships, value orientations, moral and ethical attitudes, which affects some manifestations of mental disorders and, in general, determines in society an increase in the level of anxiety, psychogenic depression, and decompensation of personality disorders. This is accompanied by an increase in aggressive tendencies, often in relation to people in the immediate environment and, above all, children. At the same time, a long period during which parents abuse children, causing significant harm to their mental and physical health, violating their rights, may precede a serious aggressive criminal act. One of the ways to solve this problem is to prevent aggressive actions by limiting the parental rights of persons with mental disorders who abuse children. It is in these cases that it becomes necessary to appoint a forensic psychiatric examination to determine not only the mental disorders of the parent, but also the danger in this regard for the child.

Cases of aggressive and cruel treatment of children are more common in families where parents, especially mothers, suffer from some types of mental disorders. The most significant among them are non-psychotic forms of organic mental disorder and personality disorder with dependence on psychoactive substances. Violent aggressive behavior towards children can also be determined by pathological delusional motivation. Aggressive acts committed by women with mental disabilities who are members of religious sects are common.

Modern legislation (Family Code, Civil Code, Law on Psychiatric Care and Guarantees of Citizens' Rights in Its Provision) provides for a number of new legal provisions that make it possible to provide assistance to children who find themselves in unfavorable conditions in the family. In accordance with the Family Code (Article 56), the child has the right to protection of his / her rights and legitimate interests... The protection of the rights and legitimate interests of the child is carried out by the parents (persons substituting for them), as well as by the guardianship and guardianship authorities, the prosecutor and the court. The child has the right to be protected from parental abuse. At the same time, a child under 14 years of age has the right to independently apply for protection to the guardianship and trusteeship body, and upon reaching the age of fourteen, to the court. Officials of organizations and other citizens who become aware of the threat to the life or health of the child, about the violation of his rights and legitimate interests, are obliged to report this to the guardianship and guardianship authority at the place of actual location of the child. Upon receipt of such information, the guardianship and trusteeship body is obliged to take the necessary measures to protect the rights and legitimate interests of the child. Thus, the current legislation provides for the protection of the interests of the child without fail, entrusting the implementation of this norm to the guardianship and guardianship authorities.

As measures to protect children who are abused, which are at the same time measures to prevent aggressive criminal acts against children, are:

hospitalization of a parent (mother, father) in accordance with the Law on psychiatric care and guarantees of the rights of citizens when it is provided in an involuntary manner in cases where being with him is dangerous for the child.

restriction of parental rights in accordance with Art. 73 of the Family Code,

deprivation of parental rights in accordance with Article 69 of the Family Code.

According to Article 77 of the Family Code: "In case of an immediate threat to the life of a child or his health, the guardianship and guardianship body has the right to immediately take the child away from his parents (one of them) or from other persons in whose care he is" (Article 77, paragraph 1 of the UK RF). This article is intended to resolve such situations when there is a danger for the child from the parents (actual caregivers). In this case, it does not matter whether the negative consequences of such a danger have come or not, the presence of its signs, which necessarily include the features of the mental state and behavior of the parents (actual educators), is important. Only the guardianship and guardianship authorities, for which the implementation of this measure is a professional duty, can use such a measure to protect the rights and interests of the child. They are obliged to take away the child in case of an immediate threat to his life or health, not only from the parents, but also from other persons in whose care the child is. Taking away a child with an immediate threat to the child's life or health presupposes the removal of the child from parents who do not want to part with him. The legal basis for such selection is the decision of the local government. The decision is based on the act of examining the living conditions of the child, drawn up at the actual place of his location and signed by a representative of the guardianship and guardianship authority. The decision establishes the fact that the minor is in an environment extremely dangerous for his life and health and gives instructions on his immediate removal.

Social patronage is an integral part of the district social service (Pershikova V.V.) // Social service №1 2007

The department of social and pedagogical assistance and social patronage was established in Elektrostal 12 years ago. The department employs 8 specialists in social work, a social teacher. The head of the department organizes the work of specialists. The work of the department is based on the territorial principle. The activities of specialists are aimed at identifying socially disadvantaged families in which minors live, and organizing cooperation with them in order to ensure conditions for the life and development of the child. Most often, the clients of the service are families where there is abuse of children, alcoholism of parents, non-observance of moral standards, malicious avoidance of contacts with law enforcement agencies. Representatives of the authorities, the public.

The purpose of this service is to assist families and children in creating favorable conditions for the development of a child, protecting his rights and interests in accordance with regulatory legal acts and within the competence of the Center. It is important that an active life position is formed during the patronage process: the development of the child, parents and other family members of social skills and the ability to adapt in society so that the client can eventually cope with their difficulties and problems.

Working with a family involves several stages:

establishing contact with family members;

identification of the essence of family problems and the reasons for their occurrence;

Determination of a plan for taking the family out of a difficult situation, the content of the necessary help and support from the institution, other services, stimulating parents to help themselves;

implementation of the planned plan, attraction of specialists who can help in solving problems that the family cannot solve on their own;

Control, patronage of the family to consolidate the results of the work done.

In the course of patronage, specialists provide various types of assistance. An analysis of work with families shows that, first of all, they need material and household help, the services of a psychologist on family problems, and social and pedagogical services. Clients of the service often do not have the opportunity to receive state-guaranteed material support, since they cannot provide the package of documents necessary for this. The Center's specialists are actively working with sponsors; at present, the Union of Women of the Moscow Region, the Union of Pensioners of the Moscow Region, large enterprises of the city, and the administration of city markets are actively cooperating with them.

One of the main factors of social distress is the material and moral irresponsibility of parents to their children. An analysis of employment shows that parents do not work in 45 families. This represents 43% of families in service. In some cases, parents do not work without objective reasons, and there is no proper control over children. Children in these families often become orphans with living parents (“social orphans”).

The incidence of social orphanhood is on the rise and is a cause for serious concern. Therefore, with this category of parents, a number of activities are carried out aimed at improving the health of the family and improving the living conditions of the child. Last year, with the assistance of this service, 14 parents were treated free of charge for alcohol addiction in a narcological dispensary, two underwent treatment at a tuberculosis dispensary, 7 were assisted in employment and registration at the Employment Center, a lot of social, pedagogical and psychological and pedagogical work is underway on correction of relationships in the family, social and legal assistance is provided. However, it is not easy to achieve lasting results, after a while relapses may occur and then it is necessary to resume rehabilitation work.

All cases that threaten the life and health of children are reported to the guardianship and guardianship authorities. The Commission for Minors and the Protection of Their Rights or the City Procurator. Per last year 12 cases were initiated in court. Of these, 4 were deprived of parental rights, 8 parents were convicted under Article 156 of the Criminal Code of the Russian Federation for cruel treatment of children. One child was placed in an orphanage.

Family dysfunction and family problems have a detrimental effect on the child. Children from such families are conflicted, experience a state of heightened anxiety, and their self-esteem is impaired. This leads to various forms of maladjustment and social deviations: smoking, use of drugs and toxic substances, school maladjustment, vagrancy, delinquency.

In order to prevent and prevent deviant forms of behavior of minors, a set of measures for the rehabilitation and adaptation of adolescents is being carried out. Work is underway to prevent delinquency and alcohol and drug use among minors. There is close cooperation with the Commission on Juvenile Affairs and the ODN inspectors. Constant communication is maintained with the specialists of the children's department of the narcological dispensary. The work is carried out in the form of raids, conversations, family visits.

As a result of the rehabilitation and correctional work carried out, 58 families were removed from service. Of these, 38 have sustained positive results.

The center's task is to help the family to realize their problems and to provide at least a minimal positive dynamics. To achieve a sustainable result, the responsibility and initiative of the family, the awareness of the responsibility of their own fate and the fate of the child are necessary.

Chapter 2. Social - pedagogical project

Explanatory note

The rural environment is a complex complex that combines various factors: economic, social, national, property, age. The socio-pedagogical environment of a village is both the socio-psychological climate of the human environment, and the socio-cultural, socio-economic, natural ones. Climatic, ecological, social conditions of life. The specificity of the rural environment is determined by the rural way of life, seasonality, cyclicity of agricultural production, working conditions, everyday life, leisure, and the peculiarities of rural culture. It manifests itself in the cycles of socio-demographic production, in the professional structure of the population, in the norms of behavior and forms of communication of rural residents, in their cultural and educational level, in the possibilities of cultural and educational institutions of the village. One of the problems of a modern rural resident is unemployment, as a result of which an increase in the amount of free time, a decrease in the standard of living, and the frequent use of alcohol. We tried to consider the modern problems of rural society on the example of the village of Ryabovo, Lukhsky district, Ivanovo region.

Village history

The village of Ryabovo, Ivanovo region, Lukhsky district, was formerly called the village of Artemovo. It began to be called Ryabov after the unification of two nearby villages Ryabovo and Artemovo. The village of Ryabovo was territorially larger than Artyomovo, so the village began to be called Ryabovo. One of the versions of where the name Ryabovo came from is that a rich merchant named Ryabov stopped and stayed in our lands. This is where the name of the village comes from.

Substantial resources in the countryside:

first-aid post

Kindergarten

monument

Since 2008 Ryabovsky village council includes 7 settlements: with. Ryabovo, village Krigouzovo, village Elovo, village Bykovo, village Nazarkovo, village Kotovo, village Khudynskoye.

Our village is located on a flat surface, on the outskirts of the village the Sarafaniha River used to flow, on this moment she was shallow. The village is divided into two parts by a central road. There is a church in the center of the village, but it is in a dilapidated state, and the restoration of which has been suspended due to the crisis. There is a shop not far from the church, at the moment it is the only one in the village, but a private shop may be opened in the near future. There is a club in the center of the village and a school on the outskirts of the village. After the revolution of 1917, the Ryabovskaya parish school was formed, on the site of the current kindergarten... The first teachers were the priests of the local church. At the end of the 70s, extensive construction began in our country. Our collective farm "Kolos", which is also located on the outskirts of the village, was the leading farm in the Lukh region, the richest. At this time, the need arose for the construction of a new school. On December 15, 1982, the eight-year Ryabovskaya school was opened. Now children from six neighboring villages come to our school. At the moment, the Kolos collective farm is in a deplorable state. There are few people in the countryside, everyone leaves to work in Moscow and other large cities. The village club is open on weekends, on holidays, but its attendance is low. The village is 10 kilometers away from the regional center. In the center of the village, near the roadway, there is a medical center, there is only one nurse working there, so the situation with medical services in the village is poor.

The school is the center of the village's development. Any family in the village with children is directly dependent on the availability of a general education school in the social infrastructure. In the absence of her, many parents would have to change jobs or leave their homes. The presence of a school is sometimes the only deterrent that allows villagers to put up with a difficult situation and adapt to life. Many serious issues in our village that concern all residents are resolved at a general meeting. The main problems in the countryside are unemployment, alcoholism, problems with transport services, poverty, low wages, as a result, many leave to work in large cities.

The main ways to solve problems make up the rise Agriculture, the restoration of the collective farm, the creation of more jobs, joint work with other enterprises, collective farms in order to raise the prestige of agricultural work, the interest of the villagers. To create leisure, residents can be attracted to performances at holidays and concerts. The school can work together with the club and the administration to hold any competitions, events, joint work to clean up the village, and help veterans. Parents and schools can work together to create better conditions for the development of children and the improvement of the school.

Ryabovskaya secondary school is a small rural school, which includes three levels: primary, general and secondary.

In primary school, the first and third grades have one teacher, the second and fourth grades have a different teacher. Two classes study in the same room.

Many teachers teach multiple subjects. There is no specialized training in the senior grades, but a psychologist works with children in the senior grades. The school is taught in basic subjects. The educational and upbringing process is based on the creation of conditions for the development of the personality and abilities of children. The school hosts activities for moral education, events are held dedicated to friendship, the attitude of children to the world around, to adults, to nature, respect for the homeland, for their people, for each person is brought up. Events are also devoted to environmental education, for example, children with teachers go to the forest not only in biology and ecology lessons, but also joint sports competitions, hiking trips, routes are held; work is underway on landscaping the school site. A competition for the best school site is being held among schools and this is another incentive for children to take care of the site. For aesthetic education: children often go to museums, trips to large cities are offered. Labor education is implemented in work on school grounds, practice in the summer.

From conversations with the head of the administration of the Ryabovsky rural settlement, it can be concluded that the change in the social structure in the area led to a change in the families themselves. There has been a trend towards a decrease in family size. The decline in living standards and fear for their loved ones led to a modification of demographic behavior. People begin to abandon the children they want, postpone marriages or refuse them altogether. One of the acute problems of the region is the excess of mortality over birth rate and the outflow of the population, especially young people, to the cities.

The state of health of people is also alarming. On the collective farm of ZAO Kolos, salaries are often delayed, and many cannot provide themselves with normal living conditions.

In the past, ZAO Kolos was an independent farm, profitable; most of the population of the village worked there. Due to the big changes in the country, it almost went bankrupt and almost every year its owners change. Most of the able-bodied men of the village went to work in the city, in order to somehow provide for families and all the upbringing of children fell on the shoulders of women, and those who could not get a job in the cities for various reasons remained in the countryside virtually without work, many began to drink out of despair. An avalanche of social and economic problems fell on the family, food problems come to the fore, since there is only one store in the village, the range of goods offered is small and the prices are quite high; health - there is a first-aid post in the village and at the moment there is one paramedic for 6 nearby villages, which does not ensure quality medical care, and the hospital is located 10 km from the village; alcohol addiction problem. The family cannot provide for itself, for its decent living.

There was also a question recently about the closure of the kindergarten due to the small number of children, but after long discussions it was decided not to close the kindergarten.

From the above, we can conclude that each family can make a contribution to the revival of the village, creating a favorable atmosphere in their home for the development of the next generation, preserving traditions with a combination of trends in modern society, the future of the village depends on each family.

The implementation of this project in practice involves the following stages:

Pre-project stage: Studying the population of rural areas to identify families leading an asocial lifestyle, identifying and eliminating the reasons that led to this behavior.

Preparatory stage: Preparation for the implementation of the project, including: conclusion of contracts, search Money for the implementation of the project, the conditions for its implementation, as well as information and educational work with the public.

Stage of project implementation: on the example of a specific family leading an asocial lifestyle, draw up and implement a specific program of social and pedagogical rehabilitation and at the same time contribute to the improvement of the village.

stage Information pre-project stage

Diagnostic level

Mandatory diagnostic steps are:

· collection of information;

· analysis of information;

· making a social diagnosis.

Diagnostics is a long stage, requiring repeated meetings with the family, as well as with other people. Diagnostics serves as a starting point for further work.

When working, it is necessary to observe certain methodological principles:

a) it is objectivity in the collection of facts and their interpretation. We must understand that bias can lead to unpredictable consequences at work;

b) it is the multiplicity of sources of information and its reliability.

For diagnostics, we will use:

· expressive techniques (drawing-based: drawing a family)

· analysis of documents - the study of documents is an important part of the work, it is necessary for further work with the family.

· conversation

There are situations when various shortcomings in the family are carefully hidden, then interviewing neighbors, school teachers, talking with a child can help. It is possible to determine whether there is a problem of physical punishment in the family (if the parents hide its existence) by the condition of the child, his appearance.

At this stage, we collected information about families leading an asocial lifestyle in the Ryabovsky rural settlement, whose children study at the Ryabovsky Secondary School. (names of project participants have been changed)

The total number of children in the school is 36. There are children from 2 asocial families in the school, when one of the family or both members of the family drink alcohol. From the analysis of documents, conversations with a psychologist and class teachers of children from such families, we found out the following information:

The Okhapkin family consists of a mother, Svetlana Anatolyevna Okhapkina, a father, Sergei Alexandrovich Okhapkin, and a son, Evgeny Okhapkin. Svetlana Anatolyevna works in a shop as a seller, her earnings are small, general secondary education; Sergei Alexandrovich does not work anywhere, stands on the stock exchange, he is alcohol addicted. Zhenya is in the 3rd grade, he is 9 years old. Zhenya chronic illness, he often misses school due to illness, does not study well.

From conversations with the class teacher, we found out that Eugene does not know how to communicate, that is, he does not follow the rules of communication, is rude to elders, dismissive of younger ones, does what he wants and often does not pay attention to the comments of adults. Zhenya has 3 health group, from the lesson physical culture and he is relieved of physical activity, in the near future he will have an operation in the city of Ivanovo, and he will switch to home schooling... Svetlana Anatolyevna always attends parental meetings. The remoteness of the school from the house is 7 km, children go to school by bus. Of the closest relatives, Zhenya has a grandmother. At school, additional work with Zhenya is carried out by a psychologist, correctional classes.

From a conversation with a neighbor of the Ponomarev family, it turned out that the family was formed about 18 years ago. Vladimir Sergeevich came to the village of Krigouzovo 20 years ago, and at that time was in another marriage. Over time, the marriage broke up, and Vladimir Sergeevich married Valentina Vasilievna. At his working age, Ponomarev worked in Moscow, then began working in the countryside at S. Ryabov's heating facility, but even then he was kicked out of his job due to frequent alcohol consumption, and Valentina Vasilievna worked as a paramedic assistant in a medical center. Over time, the situation worsened, as the head of the family was fired due to frequent cases of alcohol consumption, along with him, his wife Valentina Vasilievna began to abuse him. None of them are on the stock exchange. By nature, V. is kind, cheerful, sympathetic, one of his favorite activities is the construction of small structures for improving the house, loves animals, but is in a difficult life situation that worsens the situation of all family members.

According to Elena B. Valentina Vasilievna is an affable, benevolent, caring person who loves her children.

At the moment, their eldest son is studying at the Lyceum in Ivanovo as an electrician, he left school after finishing the 9th grade and did not study anywhere and did not work for 1 year. A. loves his sister and helps her in everything, they are very friendly. A. performs many duties around the house, helps his father.

From a conversation with the class teacher, we found out that Masha is in the 7th grade, she is 13 years old. Maria is a sociable girl, she studies well in 4 and 5. Her favorite subjects are biology, algebra and music. Maria willingly participates in the extracurricular life of the school, takes an active part in competitions, concerts, and enjoys dancing. Due to the remoteness from the school, it is difficult to get to school during the winter season, which is why at this time there are at most the number of absences. He is not registered with the Commission on Juvenile Affairs.

Maria's class teacher, Tatyana Aleksandrovna, cannot say anything definite about parent-child relations, since parents do not attend school meetings, and their daughters hardly participate in school life.

Based on the current situation, we can say that such a situation in the family has a bad effect primarily on the children themselves, which worsens their development and position among other schoolchildren. Maria and Alexander, one might say, became independent early on, they themselves coped with their difficulties and problems without relying on anyone, they took on some of the responsibilities around the house and combined all this with their studies. But with all this, it should be noted that Maria is not an introverted child, but actively participates in the life of the class and school. There are 3 people in the class, two girls and one boy. Maria, according to the class teacher, interacts more with the children from the senior classes. Parents do not go to parent-teacher meetings with Masha, they are not interested in her success with teachers, from this we can conclude that at the moment parents are not interested in helping their children in arranging their future, in supporting both materially and psychologically. Children in the house should feel the place where they would like to return and stay there longer, and from a conversation with the class teacher, it was found out that Masha comes to school long enough before lessons and after lessons does not immediately go home, although the house is at a fairly distant distance. All this can indicate that the child does not want to be at home, he feels uncomfortable there, and there are no conditions for his normal development. Masha's relations in the family and her position were identified using the “My Family” method. The figure shows a full family, by age, bright colors prevail, the sun and grass are also depicted, from this it can be done that the atmosphere in the family is optimal. Maria portrayed herself closer to her brother, from this we can conclude that she is most in contact with him and with him a closer trusting relationship. Father V.P. depicts the first, he performs the functions of the head of the family. It can also be noted that the clothes of Mary and her brother are reflected in darker colors than those of the parents. She combined a bright color with a dark one, this can symbolize a contradiction within the girl, but this may also be due to the beginning of the transitional age. All faces are depicted with smiles, which testifies to a single emotional mood in the family. Based on this figure, we can conclude that the atmosphere in the family, despite all the difficulties, is quite rosy. This technique cannot reflect all the situation that exists in the family, and it is of a probabilistic nature.

The family currently lives only on the pension of Vladimir Sergeevich, it is approximately 7 thousand rubles, there are no other incomes, from this we can conclude that the family is financially insecure and it is impossible to create all the necessary conditions for the normal development of children on this income, and this can lead to themselves to the problems of the functioning of the family. If in the future the parents do not stop drinking this can lead to both death and disorder of parent-child relationships.

From all of the above, we can conclude that the problems in this family are the unemployment of the Ponamarev spouses and their frequent use of alcohol, and their small participation in the lives of their children.

Preparatory stage.

This stage is designed for half a year.

To implement our project you need:

1.Conclusion of an agreement with the administration with. Ryabovo, Department of Education, Administration, House of Culture;

2.Search for sponsors for financial support of the project. These can be parents, administration s. Ryabovo, District Education Department, District Administration;

.Introduction of the position of a social teacher at school;

.Restoring the resources of the village by attracting sponsors;

.Opening new jobs by investing in the Kolos collective farm and the reconstruction of the church;

.Establishing ties with social institutions and institutions c. Ryabovo and the village of Lukh;

.Carrying out a PR campaign: create and distribute information leaflets on the topic "Dad, Mom, I am a friendly family", search and attract qualified specialists who can provide timely assistance to those in need, create a special block in the regional newspaper "Rodnaya Niva" dedicated to the family and the importance of the family for a person , as well as information about possible job placement.

Stage of project implementation

To help this family, it is necessary to create such conditions when the family itself is ready to change its lifestyle and find the strength to create a new family atmosphere, change its views and beliefs.

To create such conditions, it is necessary to attract specialists of different profiles. But first, the consent of the family members themselves is necessary, for this it is necessary to conduct a set of conversations with parents, to identify the causes of antisocial behavior, children so that they finally realize in what situation they have put themselves, and if they do not now begin to somehow change it then in further it will be too late. It is necessary to have a psychological impact on parents, to show the significance of how bad their behavior affects their children, on their development, or to call them to a parent council meeting for collective condemnation. It is also necessary to inspect the living conditions in which the minor child lives in order to understand whether conditions have been created for the normal development of the child, for his education at school, if such conditions are not created, then it is necessary to call the parents for advice, and appoint patronage, the terms of which will be indicated on this meeting.

After parental consent, it is necessary to carry out individual work with each family member.

For V.P.'s rehabilitation it is necessary:

.Coding

2.rehabilitation course in a sanatorium-medical institution in the city of Ivanovo

.psychological help

If the coding was successful, then further employment is possible. Based on resources from. Ryabov, the following types of employment are possible:

as a driver on the collective farm of CJSC "Kolos"

work in the heating housing service in the village of Ryabovo

guard of the RSH

Since V.P. He likes to build small buildings near the house, then temporary seasonal earnings are possible, such as building a bathhouse, a house, harvesting firewood.

For V.V. coding, medical and psychological assistance from specialists is also needed. If this stage is successful, then assistance from the employment service is needed, since it is quite difficult to find a job in the village, if it is not possible to find a job immediately, then it is possible to take courses, retraining, since V.V. is of sufficient working age.

In the village, employment is possible in the collective farm of ZAO "Kolos" on the farm as a milkmaid, or as a substitute seller in the central store of the village. Ryabova. If these types of employment are not suitable, then it is possible to get a job in the village of Lukh, which lies 10 km from the village on an individual schedule, since the transport network between settlements is not well developed, vehicles go there and back twice a day, which is not can provide a full-time working day. Since V.V. If you have experience of working as an assistant in a medical center, it is possible to be a social worker in a social assistance center, and to carry out this activity in the village: to help the elderly both in everyday life and in medical treatment.

Using the “My Family” methodology, we identified quite optimal parent-child relationships in the family, but additional diagnostics are needed, based on them, we will build the work of a psychologist with this family, and we will see whether it is necessary to correct the relationship between its members, how does M. who is closer to her, who is in more contact with, and who is most often engaged in the family. Perhaps M. needs the help of a psychologist for more successful advancement of the educational ladder, and since M. begins a rather difficult adolescent stage, it is necessary to observe her behavior and correction is possible in the future, since such behavior of her parents does not give her a correct example of how to behave in adulthood and does not allow her to be confident in the future.

Throughout the time, the patronage of this family is necessary in order to monitor the fulfillment of the necessary obligations that the family must fulfill in order to achieve the goal. It is necessary to clearly define what the family members should do and what the social worker should do.

When helping a family, it is necessary to simultaneously improve the society of the village. It is necessary to modernize the village, which will consist in creating more jobs by restoring and improving the Kolos collective farm, continuing the reconstruction of the church, which will also help raise the spiritual level of the population. This requires the interaction of specialists from different areas and the administration of both local and district. The village school is the center of the village's development. Any family in the village with children is directly dependent on the availability of a general education school in the social infrastructure, so it is important to have a social teacher in the school who could timely help children in whose families there are problems.

The project is designed for a year.

Stage I - preparatory (September - October)

Stage II - practical (November - April)

Stage III - final (April - May)

Stages 1. Stage-preparatory Actions 1. Study social class passports drawn up by class teachers, psychologist, social. teacher; 2. Drawing up a list of children from families leading an antisocial lifestyle; 3. Acquaintance with parents and students. 4. Conclusion of a cooperation agreement Criteria - openness, - benevolence, - objectivity 2. Stage - practical Drawing up a work plan based on the reasons for alcoholization of the family - social patronage - individuality Differentiation of the benevolence of the parties - stimulation to positive life experience 3. Stage - final Analysis of the practical implementation of the project and conclusions on the work - objectivity - criticality - openness - observance of children's rights to a comfortable accommodation

An approximate algorithm for working with an asocial family

Establishing contact with family members, and her environment, talking with neighbors, relatives, children and parents;

2- primary examination of the living conditions of the family;

Identification of the essence of family problems and the reasons for their occurrence;

Study of the personal characteristics of family members;

Family mapping;

Drawing up a family rehabilitation program;

Determination of a plan for taking the family out of a difficult situation, the content of the necessary help and support from the school, other services, encouraging parents to help themselves;

Implementation of the planned plan, attracting specialists who can help in solving those problems that the family cannot solve on their own;

Family visit;

Family patronage;

Conclusions on the results obtained.

Protection of rights and creation of comfortable conditions for living and development of minor children from alcoholic families in society and development as a person.

DatesEventsPlace and timeParticipantsResponsible year according to the school plan 1 time per quarter. 1 part. Information-theoretical: - Lectures with parents A) "We are glad to see you", we continue to get acquainted; B) "The rights and responsibilities of parents in the upbringing of children" C) "Psychology of relationships in the family" D) "Childhood neuroses, headaches, alcoholism" School, Give birth. assembled.Social Administration ped, Kl. rukov. Medical assistant, psychologist teacher, K. rukov. paramedic year according to plan Joint work of social. Educator and psychologist October - November Classes - individual conversations. 1.How to behave in a family 2.Establishment of the child's life 3.How to behave with your restless child 4.With you and without you 5.About responsibility for depriving the child of a comfortable stay at home, in society. 6. Meetings with representatives of the commission on juvenile affairs, - Questioning 1. Family relations 2. Me and my friends 3. Health status At home, KFOR school, Classroom Teacher, Social educator Family members, paramedic, District social educator Family members Cool Ruko . in Social education, Family members of paramedic, Social education sites Members of the family November - January February - April-Seminars. 1. "Family Code" 2 "You can say no" 3. Fun starts "My health depends only on my desire" 4 "Tips for parents" 5 "Rules for parents" 6. "The child has fears" 7 "Your child starts to lie because of ... "8Family evening of relaxation" I want happiness for my whole family "9Meetings with representatives of the churchschoolClassroom leaders. Social educator Family members, Administrative schools, relatives, neighbors, church representatives Social teacher School administration

If, when working with a family, it is found out that violence is used in raising a child, it will be necessary to explain to family members the harmful consequences of physical punishment of children and explain humanistic methods of upbringing. It is necessary to organize the organization of education of parents of this category aimed at ensuring that they understand the difference between acceptable and unacceptable behavior, since parents often do not realize the consequences that can lead to physical punishment of a child. This awareness entails the choice of adequate techniques for resolving the difficulties that arise. Parents can and should be trained to select appropriate upbringing methods. Possible involvement of the commission on minors' affairs and the district police department to clarify the rights and obligations of both parents and children, and the possible consequences of violation of children's rights.

Business plan of the project

Item # Expense itemAmountSources of funding1Expenditures for holding a PR campaign2 thousand Sponsors, administration of Ryabovsky and Lukhsky municipal settlements2Restoring the Kolos collective farm and reconstruction of the church2 million Administration of the Ryabovsky municipal settlement, education department, cultural department, private entrepreneurs of the district settlement; 3 Introduction of the position of a special teacher in the school and the appointment of a salary in the amount of 10 thousand Sponsors 4 Coding of the Ponomarev spouses 20 thousand Sponsors 5 Initial assistance to the family before the employment of parents 50 thousand Sponsors, assistance from the parental council; 6 Expenses for the organization and operation of leisure associations 50 thousand Education department 7 Salary of employees involved in this work 100 thousand .Department of Education TOTAL: 2 mln. 232 thous.

Planned result

As a result of the implementation of this project, we plan to obtain the following results:

) the family we have taken is encoded;

) parents will find a job;

) the psychological atmosphere in the family will improve, parent-child relations will become more positive;

) reorganization and restoration of the collective farm ZAO Kolos;

) involvement of the population in social and leisure activities;

) provision of medical, pedagogical, legal and psychological assistance to those in need;

Practical significance of the project

The practical significance of our project lies in the fact that thanks to its implementation, we will help a specific family and will work towards improving the society of the village as a whole. Only the improvement of the entire village will help us improve the situation in the village. Attracting sponsors for the restoration of the Kolos CJSC collective farm will help us improve the employment situation in the countryside.

Modernization of the rural house of culture will help us diversify the recreation of rural residents, improve their leisure time, and also this will allow parents and children to be involved in joint creative activities.

The problem of alcohol consumption by parents in rural areas is urgent, it is often accompanied by unemployment of parents and their lack of participation in the lives of their children, therefore, it is necessary to work together different specialists to create a single positive atmosphere for solving these problems and the interest of local authorities and district administrations. The introduction of the position of a social teacher at school will make it possible to better know families and the problems they have, conducts special purposeful work to improve the situation in these families. It is necessary to create a favorable atmosphere in the village so that every family is interested in its healthy future.

In a timely society, the number of people using alcohol, drugs and leading an antisocial lifestyle is increasing. Such problems in our society are relevant for both urban and rural areas. The difficult situation in the countryside knocks people out of their usual state, balance and it is very difficult to cope with this alone, specialists are needed to help the population cope with the difficulties in life. It can be concluded that a social family is a family, a feature of which is a negative antisocial orientation, expressed in the transfer of such attitudes to social values, requirements, traditions to children, which are alien, and sometimes hostile to the normal way of life.

Therefore, the introduction of the position of a social teacher in a rural school, in our opinion, is necessary. This will allow the application of timely measures to help and protect children, and create a favorable environment for their development. Parallel work is needed to revive a specifically needy family and the entire society as a whole, active participation of the authorities, both at the local and regional and regional levels, interaction with other educational institutions, the interest of the village population itself in improving the material and spiritual atmosphere of the settlement is necessary.

Since the school is a developing factor in a rural settlement, it is necessary to create a close relationship with regional cultural institutions, for the development of leisure activities and increase the culture of the entire population, close interaction with the employment service of the district for the employment of citizens, interaction with the commission on minors to protect the rights of children, interaction with the district newspaper on the prevention of antisocial behavior and propaganda healthy way life and the revival of the traditions of the village.

The implementation of our project will allow this particular family to improve the situation in many areas: in the family relationship, relations between family members will improve, the level of cultural development will increase, parents will lead a correct lifestyle and create conditions for the development of their children; in the professional sphere, the spouses will get a job, their material well-being will increase, which will improve the financial situation of the whole family.

Socio-pedagogical work with this family and psychological assistance will allow the family to go to new level development, to a new stage, which will open up new perspectives and horizons for the members of this family.

Bibliography

1.Study guide under. Ed. Basov "Social work with youth" Moscow, 2007

2.Bestuzhev-Lada I.V. Youth and maturity: reflections on some social problems of youth - Moscow: Politizdat, 1984.

3.A Brief Dictionary of Sociology / Ed. ed. D. M. Gvishiani, N. I. Lapina; comp. E. M. Korzheva, N. F. Naumova. - Politizdat, 2008.

.Zubovsky A. "Summer in the pioneer camp" - M .: Profizdat, 1966

.Ilyinsky I.M. Youth and youth policy / I. M. Ilyinsky. - M., 2001.

.Kurin L. "One hundred recipes for the weekend" - M .: Molodaya gvardiya, 2008

7.Sociology of Youth / ed. V. T. Lisovsky - St. Petersburg State University, 2010.

8.Efremov K. "Educational potential of out-of-town children's camps" // Public education - 2004 №3 p. 90 - 94

9.Martilova L. V. "The Yard Practice Project: Effective Experience of Organizing the Leisure of Children and Youth at the Place of Residence" // Education of Schoolchildren - 2012 №2 p. 62 - 65

10.Mints G.I. Free time: desired and real / Moscow: 1978

11.Ponukalina O. V. "Specificity of leisure of modern youth" // Higher education in Russia - 2009 - no. 11 p. 124 - 128

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Socialand Iworksawith an asocial family

Introduction

Social work is a type of activity that is aimed at improving the social well-being of a person in society, at overcoming a variety of social problems.

Typical problems of social work include the following problems: protection of public health, humanization of social relations, modern family, protection of motherhood and childhood, orphans, youth, women, pensioners, disabled people, persons without a fixed abode, migrants, refugees, unemployed, etc. etc. An increase in the number of families unable to cope with raising children; children who do not go to school and are forced to earn their living from an early age makes the task of helping disadvantaged and asocial families more and more urgent.

Based on the above, the topic of work was chosen: "Social work with an asocial family in the center of social assistance to the family."

The main directions of social work with an asocial family and social problems are considered in the works of P.D. Pavlenka ;, E.I. Single.

Various methods of providing social assistance to asocial families, as well as criteria and indicators of dysfunctional families, are considered in his works by NF Basov.

M. Polukhina, K. Yuzhaninov in their publications touch upon the problems of social orphanhood and asocial families.

In the publications of V. Smirnova and G.S. Burdina offers new models of work with an asocial family.

However, there are contradictions between the need to provide social assistance to an asocial family and the insufficient degree of development of this area of social work, both in theory and in practice.

Research problem: what is the content of social work with an asocial family in the center of social assistance to the family.

Research object: social work with an asocial family.

Subject of research: the content of social work with an asocial family in the center of social assistance to the family.

Purpose of the study: to characterize the content of social work with an asocial family in the center of social assistance to the family.

1. To study the content of social work with asocial families.

2. Describe the asocial family as a client of social work.

3. Consider the legal regulation of social assistance to families.

4. Analyze the experience of work of the Kostroma region with dysfunctional families in the "Center for helping children left without parental care."

Research methods: analysis, generalization, synthesis.

Chapter1 . Theoretical aspects of social workwith an asocial family

1.1 Essencesocial work as a type of social activity

Social work is a special type of activity, the purpose of which is to satisfy socially guaranteed and personal interests and needs of various groups of the population, to create conditions conducive to the restoration or improvement of people's abilities for social functioning.

P.D. Pavlenok gives the following definition: social work is an activity aimed at helping people who need it, who are unable to solve their life problems without outside help, and in many cases even live.

N.F. Basov connects the definition of the essence of social work with the following key categories: social protection, social assistance, social support, social security, social services. The meanings of these terms form a meaningful characteristic of social work.

Social protection can be viewed broadly and narrowly. In the first case, it is the activity of the state and society to protect all citizens from social dangers, to prevent disruption of the vital functions of various categories of the population. In the second case, social protection is the creation of conditions that prevent the emergence of a difficult life situation or its complication among clients of social services. The main way of implementing social protection is social guarantees - the obligations of the state in relation to certain categories of the population.

Social support can be considered as special measures aimed at maintaining conditions sufficient for the implementation of "weak" social groups, individual families, individuals in need in the process of their life.

M. Payne proposes to consider social work as a practical activity, for example, as a chain of sequential actions, the links of which are diagnosis, intervention and completion. (Assessment in social work is the process of understanding a specific problem, its roots and possible ways to help a person or a group of people. Intervention is a sequence of steps or an action plan from a social worker or other social worker that he carries out with the participation of the client or on his behalf).

Any activity, including social work, has its own structure, each element of which is necessary, organically linked and interacts with others, performs special functions. Social work is a holistic system. The structural components of this system are the following components: subject, object, goal, subject, content and means.

The subjects of social work include people and organizations that conduct and manage social work, as well as the state as a whole, which carries out social policy... But the main subject of social work are people engaged in social work professionally or on a voluntary basis.

The objects of social work are people in need of outside help: old people; pensioners; disabled people; seriously ill; children; people in difficult life situations; teenagers in bad company, and many others. All of them become objects of social work due to a violation of social functioning (interaction with the environment, ensuring the realization of needs).

The subject of social work becomes the life situation of the object, and the goal is to change the main characteristics of the life situation, to overcome the difficulties that have arisen.

The next component of social work as a system is content. It follows directly from the functions of work. The functions of social work are: informational, diagnostic, prognostic, organizational, psychological and pedagogical, practical assistance, management.

The social worker begins by collecting information about the client. Based on the information collected, it estimates the volume, types of work, mode, forms and methods of its activities. Depending on the nature of social assistance, a work plan is also built, the content and type of practical assistance is determined.

Social work is done by means. Means are all those objects, tools, devices, actions with the help of which the goals of the activity are achieved. It is almost impossible to list them. This is a word, and special registration forms, and business contacts, and methods of psychotherapy, and personal charm, etc. The choice and application of certain means depends entirely on the nature and characteristics of the object of social work.

Thus, social work can be considered as a kind of human activity, the purpose of which is to optimize the implementation of the subjective role of people in all spheres of society in the process of life support and active existence of an individual, family, social and other groups and strata in society.

1.2 Main directionssocial workwithasocialfamily

Social work with the family should be aimed at solving everyday family problems, strengthening and developing positive family relations, restoring internal resources, stabilizing the achieved positive results in the socio-economic situation and focusing on the realization of social potential.

According to E.I. Kholostova's definition, a family is a social institution, that is, a stable form of relationships between people, within the framework of which the main part of their daily life is carried out.

The family as a small social group is a community of people based on marriage, consanguinity, satisfaction of individual needs of a person. As a small social group, the family realizes the natural (vital) needs of its members; creates conditions for direct contacts; does not have a rigidly structured system of vertical relationships; socializes its subjects with a sense of kinship, love, affection and responsibility for each other, accumulated social experience.

Considering the family as an object of social work, it is necessary to take into account its structure, environment, functioning, traditions and customs.

The family structure is multifaceted, as well as the multifaceted functions it performs.

Many families need help and support in order to fully fulfill the functions prescribed by society.

By definition Lodkina T.V. , an asocial family is a family, a feature of which is a negative antisocial orientation, expressed in the transfer of such attitudes to social values, requirements, traditions to children, which are alien, and sometimes hostile to the normal way of life.

But in general, the main directions of social work with an asocial family can be identified: diagnostic and rehabilitation.

1. Diagnostics involves the collection and analysis of information about the family and its members, identification of problems.

Family diagnostics is a difficult and responsible process that requires a social worker to comply with the following principles:

objectivity, adequacy of methods and techniques, complementarity and verification of the information received;

client-centrism (attitude to the problem in accordance with the interests of the client);

confidentiality, respect for the client's right to privacy and the ability to anticipate possible options for his reaction to proposed actions.

Family diagnostics is a long-term process that does not allow for unceremonious actions and ill-considered conclusions.

Based on the received diagnostic material, it is possible to draw up a social map of the family, which will contain information about its members, their age, education of parents and children, their specialties, place of work, family income; the state of health, housing conditions, the main problems of relationships in the family. Then it is established to which risk group this family can be attributed. In the social map of the family, it is advisable to make a forecast of the economic development of the family, to offer an option for help (emergency, stabilizing, preventive) and to argue the need for rehabilitation.

2. Rehabilitation is a system of measures to restore the lost well-being in family relationships or to form new ones. In order to rehabilitate the family and its members, in world practice, institutions of social services for families and children, territorial centers, shelters, medical, psychological and social crisis centers are used. The content of their activities is to provide family members or an individual with various types of assistance in order to support or increase resources, reorient family members to other values, and change their attitudes.

In such institutions, family members can get advice from specialists, attend group classes, and join one of the rehabilitation programs.

Patronage is of great importance when returning to the family of a person who has undergone a certain rehabilitation program.

The following stages of patronage are distinguished:

1) preparation - preliminary acquaintance with all the available information about the family, drawing up questions for an interview, etc.

2) Introductory part - direct acquaintance with family members, a message about the purpose of the visits, about possible help.

3) Collecting and evaluating information - finding out the composition and living conditions of the family, relationships in it, methods of raising children, financial situation, health status of family members; filling out a social card; highlighting the problems that the social protection service can solve.

4) Conclusion - summarizing for family members (parents) the essence of the problems they face; joint choice of tactics for further actions; information on the types of assistance that can be offered.

5) Establishing relationships with other professionals working with the family (social teachers of schools, inspectors for the protection of the rights of the child, education, health, police, etc.).

6) Report - a detailed description of the results of the visit in the family survey report; drawing up an individual program for further work with the family.

Depending on the nature of the existing family problems, the so-called minimum and maximum programs are implemented at various stages of patronage.

Minimum programs address situations associated with the sudden loss of something very valuable in the family: physical health, relatives and friends, work, etc. In such cases, the efforts of the social worker are directed to restore, in a relatively short time, the ability of the family members to function optimally, despite the presence of objective and often irreversible restrictions and losses.

1. 3 Characterization of the asocial family as a client of social work

The client of social work is an individual as well as a group (family) in a difficult life situation, in need of help, support, and social protection.

The practice of assisting a client is based on an application system. This means that social work with a client occurs only in the case of a person asking for help. A social work client has a certain status. This can be a large family, a family of a single mother, a family without a breadwinner, a poor, unemployed, a family with a disabled person, a migrant, a victim of violence, an orphan, a family with a seriously ill or terminally ill, families with people with alcohol, drug addiction and substance abuse addiction, etc.

Problematic, disorganized, crisis families, families of antisocial behavior - all these families, with a greater or lesser degree of convention, can be attributed to families at risk.

IA Kibalchenko identifies the main features of a dysfunctional or asocial family: family members do not pay attention to each other, especially parents to children; the whole life of the family is characterized by inconstancy and unpredictability, and the relationship between its members is despotic; family members are preoccupied with denying reality, they have to carefully hide one or more family secrets; in the rules of the family, a significant place is occupied by the prohibitions to freely express their needs and feelings.

One of the main tasks at the present stage is the early detection of family problems and the provision of timely assistance to families. Particular attention should be paid to the relationship between parents and children. In families where these relationships are fragile, the child's feelings of loneliness and uselessness grow.

Families with alcohol addiction also fall under the definition of an asocial family. In an alcoholic family, the need for fatherhood and motherhood is gradually fading away, and less and less time is devoted to raising children. It is in these families that children do not receive sufficient attention and care, are subjected to cruel treatment, and do not receive basic medical care.

I. Alekseeva notes that in many regions of the country a large number of disadvantaged families, unable to create stable and safe living conditions for children, are concentrated in former industrial zones, which are characterized by the presence of hostels where people live who do not have their homes and who have lost after the closure of the enterprise the opportunity to get some kind of paid unskilled work. Alcohol abuse occupies a significant place in the life of such families, which, by reducing the feeling of dissatisfaction with their lives, narrows the possibilities for resolving existing problems.

E.M. Rybinsky, examining the reasons for the crisis in the Russian family, notes that the state and society are faced with a twofold task. “First, by improving socio-economic relations, increase the prestige of the family and strengthen its moral and everyday foundations, contribute to the revival and strengthening of the primacy of universal and spiritual values, which can significantly affect the decrease in the number of children left without parental care. Secondly, the state and society must act as a guarantor of the social protection of such children, assume responsibility and have sufficient economic, social, spiritual and moral resources capable of providing them with conditions for normal life, study, development of all inclinations and abilities, professional training, adaptation to the social environment and the most painless entry into this environment, thereby fully compensating for the lack of parental care. "

Parents' alcoholism remains the leading cause of social orphanhood. Socially, orphanhood is the elimination or non-participation of a large circle of people in the performance of their parental duties (distortion of parental behavior). Social orphans are a special socio-demographic group of children from 0 to 18 years old who have lost parental care for socio-economic, as well as moral and ethical reasons.

Social services, internal affairs bodies should pay attention to a child left without proper parental control, not when his family life becomes dangerous. It is necessary to have opportunities for individual preventive work with the family at the very first manifestations of trouble.

When working with families with alcohol dependence, remember that not everyone has the same cause of alcoholism. In his work with the family, the specialist must have the skill of identifying the key problem of the family based on the available information. It must be remembered that many problems are only a consequence and they themselves lose their relevance when solving a key problem.

According to I.A. Kibalchenko, the main skills in identifying the key problem include:

Ability to determine cause and effect;

Ability to separate information from emotions;

Ability to see information from different points of view (family, neighbors, colleagues, etc.);

Ability to see and analyze the family as a functioning system with well-established relationships.

After the key problem is identified, you can move on to direct work with the family.

As noted by E.I. Kholostova, when working with the family of an alcoholic, diagnosis involves identifying the main cause of alcohol abuse and related circumstances. This requires the study of the personalities of all family members, as well as the study of social biography. The reasons for alcohol abuse can be a family predisposition, some features of personal status (personality instability, infantilism, dependence), traditions of the family or social environment, an illusory attempt to escape from problems. Next, a program of work with a drug addict, his family, and social environment is drawn up.

Working with such a family implies the formation of the client's and his family's motivation for a non-alcoholic lifestyle and building a different system of relationships.

In the process of work, the need to teach the family new skills is revealed. The alcoholic family most often faces the following social problems:

Hygiene of the home and habitat;

Care for children;

Parenting;

Job search;

Registration of documents;

Ability to solve problems.

At this stage of work, a specialist needs to help the family acquire social skills in line with the above social problems.

When working with dysfunctional families, a specialist can act according to the following algorithm:

1st stage: study of the family and awareness of the problems existing in it, study of requests from families for help, study of complaints from residents (neighbors).

2nd stage: initial examination of the living conditions of a dysfunctional (problem) family.

3rd stage: acquaintance with family members and its environment, conversation with children, assessment of their living conditions.

4th stage: acquaintance with those services that have already provided assistance to the family, study of their actions, conclusions.

5th stage: study of the reasons for the family's unhappiness, its characteristics, its goals, value orientations.

6th stage: the study of the personal characteristics of family members.

7th stage: drawing up a family map.

Stage 8: coordination with all interested organizations (educational institutions, a center for social rehabilitation of children and adolescents, a family protection center, shelters, orphanages, inspection for minors, etc.).

9th stage: drawing up a program of work with a dysfunctional family.

10th stage: current and follow-up visits to the family.

11th stage: conclusions about the results of work with a dysfunctional family.

1. 4 Conclusions onchapter1

The study and analysis of scientific literature on the research topic showed that social work with an asocial family is aimed at providing social and psychological assistance to such a family, contributes to solving family problems, strengthening and developing positive family relations, restoring internal resources, stabilizing the achieved positive results in the socio-economic position and orientation towards the realization of social potential.

Social work with an asocial family in each individual case is due to individual characteristics families. One of the main tasks of social work with asocial families is to provide such families with timely assistance, the formation of new social skills in the client and the construction of a different system of relationships.

Chapter2 . Analysis of social work with an asocial familyat the center of social assistance to the family

2.1 Legal regulation of social assistance to families

The fundamental documents in the system of the legal framework for social services for families and children are the Constitution of the Russian Federation and federal laws.

In Art. 7 of the Constitution, the Russian Federation was proclaimed welfare state, whose policy is aimed at creating conditions that ensure a dignified life and free human development.

State support for family, motherhood, fatherhood and childhood is provided, and a system of social services is being developed on the basis of the Federal Laws of the Russian Federation "On the Fundamentals of Social Services to the Population in the Russian Federation."

The Law "On the Basics of Social Services for the Population in the Russian Federation" establishes legal regulation in the field of social services for the population, families and children. The law specifies the rights of family members to social services and to receive various social services both at home and in social service institutions.

An important role in the implementation of social work with families and children was played by the decrees of the President of the Russian Federation, which deal with specific issues of social protection of this category of the population.

So, in the Decree of the President of the Russian Federation of June 1, 1992 No. № 543 "On Priority Measures to Implement the World Declaration on Ensuring the Survival and Development of Children in the 90s" , the provision of which must be guaranteed by the state, as well as draft regulations for the state system of social assistance to families and children.

Decree of the President of the Russian Federation of September 6, 1993. "On the prevention of neglect and juvenile delinquency, in the protection of their rights" established that the state system for the prevention of neglect and delinquency of minors, the protection of their rights should be made by commissions on minors, guardianship and guardianship authorities, specialized institutions (services) of social protection of the population, education , health care, internal affairs bodies, employment services.

All decrees contributed to the development of a system of social services for families and children.

In the process of implementing the Federal Law "On the Basics of Social Services for the Population in the Russian Federation", resolutions and orders of the Government of the Russian Federation were adopted, regulating social services for families and children: "On the Interdepartmental Commission on Social Services

Population "; "On the provision of free social services and paid social services by state social services";

"On approval of the Regulation on licensing activities in the field of social services for the population"; "Regulation on a specialized institution for minors in need of social rehabilitation."

Territorial centers for social assistance to families and children carry out a variety of activities and provide a range of social services, can solve family problems on their own, provide assistance in overcoming difficult life situations in various areas of life. This ability of the center is very important and essential, since the Russian family faces many problems that cannot be solved by the functioning social institutions existing within a particular territory.

Annually the list of public services is approved by the Government of the Russian Federation; it is mandatory for regional authorities and expands due to the financial capacity of local authorities. This list includes the main social services provided to families and children:

1. Social - household, material and in-kind assistance:

Assistance in allocating: funds; food products; sanitation and hygiene products; clothes, shoes and other essentials; technical means for the rehabilitation of disabled children; cash benefits, benefits, additional payments, compensations;

Social and household help at home for disabled low-income families;

Assistance in the organization of home work for disabled children and assistance in their further employment;

Organization of events to raise funds for the provision of targeted social assistance;

Assistance in employment (including temporary) and obtaining a profession, etc.

2. Social and legal assistance:

Assistance in the writing and execution of documents related to the protection of the rights and interests of clients, including clients;

Assistance in the provision of social benefits, etc.

3. Pedagogical assistance:

Pedagogical assistance to children in protecting their interests;

Advisory assistance to parents and children;

Promotion of cultural and leisure activities of children, etc.

4. Socio-psychological assistance:

Psychotherapeutic assistance (individual, group);

Psychological intervention in crisis situations;

Family psychological counseling (individual, group).

5. Social - medical assistance:

Assistance in referring people in need to inpatient drug treatment facilities;

Patronage of pregnant women and nursing mothers.

6.social patronage:

Social psychodiagnostics;

Development and implementation of individual programs;

Assistance in referral to special institutions.

The development of social services for families and children directly depends on transformations in the world of work, on the real provision of the constitutional right of every person to social protection.

2. 2 Experience of working with dysfunctional families in Buysky districtKostroma region

In 2000, in the Buisky district of the Kostroma region, a "Center for Helping Children Left Without Parental Care" was opened. The main focus of the center is working with dysfunctional families.

The Center has established a "Family Support Service" (hereinafter referred to as the "Service"), which includes specialists: pediatrician, psychiatrist, educational psychologists, social educators, social work specialists, educators. The task of the "Service" is to return the child to a rehabilitated family, in which the child will be provided with the necessary conditions for life, development, and upbringing.

The “Service” is designed to provide comprehensive assistance to parents so that they realize the shortcomings of their lifestyle. As a rule, children from asocial, dysfunctional families live in the center, and it is very difficult to work with them.

The organization of the correctional work of the "Service" is based on the following important principles:

The principle of timeliness provides for early detection of family problems, difficult life situations in which the family and children find themselves. The implementation of this principle makes it possible to prevent the family from sliding to the critical border, beyond which lies the complete alienation of the child from the parents. Timely identification of family problems helps to avoid an extreme measure - depriving parents of parental rights. Unfortunately, in practice, this principle is not always fully implemented.

The principle of humanism expresses the readiness of employees of specialized institutions to come to the aid of a family and a child, to contribute to their social well-being, to protect rights and interests, regardless of deviations in the family's lifestyle. The implementation of this principle requires from specialists an active set of measures aimed at improving the family's health.

The principle of an individual approach involves taking into account the social, psychological, functional characteristics of the family in the choice of means of correctional work.

The principle of stimulating a family to self-help provides for the activation of its own internal resources for changing the lifestyle, restructuring relationships with children, referral to treatment that helps to relieve, weaken alcohol dependence.

The principle of an integrated approach to preventive and corrective work means the need to unite social services, government agencies and public organizations to help the family in solving the problem that aggravates the child's life.

Most often in the work of the "Service" the principle of an individual approach to the problem of each family is applied, which involves several stages:

· Preparation - preliminary acquaintance with all available information about the family, drawing up a conversation plan;

· Establishing contact of specialists with family members;

· Revealing the essence of family problems and the reasons for their occurrence;

· Determination of a plan for the family's exit from a difficult situation, the content of the necessary help and support from special services, stimulation of parents to self-help;

· Implementation of the planned plan, involvement of specialists who can help in solving problems that the family cannot solve on their own;

· Family patronage.

The social work professional who makes contact with the family is often confronted with overt expressions of suspicion, rudeness, hostility, and rejection. It is important to relieve this tension, to encourage the family to communicate. To achieve this, the specialist visits the family, having a clear professional orientation - to establish contact and further interaction, even if the wards do not evoke sympathy, it is difficult to accept their manner of communication, position.

Approximate scheme of a visit of a specialist to a family:

Acquaintance.

Clarification of the purpose of the visit.

Joining the family.

Establishing contact with the family and its individual members.

Positive information about the family and its members (children, adults). Emphasizing the positive aspects of family life.

Identification of current household and socio-mental problems of the family.

Sample questions to family members that are of the same type, which allows you to exchange information.

Informing about rights and obligations, possible consequences situations of negative and positive developments.

Informing about the possibility of getting help, about specialists with whom the family can work to solve their problems.

Observing the behavior and reactions of family members in order to diagnose its structure and problems.

Determining who is in charge of the family, regardless of whether he is present during the conversation or not. This is especially important because the main role can be played by the family member from whom the danger comes (mother's cohabitant, brother who returned from prison), i.e. one who shows cruelty, violence, etc. Further actions will depend on who is in charge of the family.

Thus, the initial stage of working with a problematic, dysfunctional family includes not only an interview, but also an invitation to cooperation of family members.

Gradual, gradual work with a dysfunctional family, the ability to evaluate all the pros and cons, engaging in dialogue and taking into account the opinions of the family members are a method that gives a result. All further work depends on the first contact, the level and quality of the established relationship.

The purpose of the first visit is to relieve fear and tension from the family.

After the first meeting with the family, the social work specialist communicates the results to each employee of the "Service".

Then a general work plan is outlined. Each specialist of the "Service" defines the framework of his activities in this family, the efforts of all specialists are coordinated and recommendations are given.

With a closer acquaintance of all family members with the "Service", it becomes clear what kind of assistance is needed, taking into account the opinion of each family member. As a rule, a dysfunctional family tries to shift its problems and the responsibility for resolving them onto specialists, while doing nothing and blaming the specialists for the lack of assistance.

In order for the work of the specialists of the "Service" and the family to be clearly defined and so that the parents do not completely shift the care of the child to the institution, a "Agreement on joint cooperation" is concluded with them. After it has been determined in which direction the work with the family will take place and what services will be provided to it, the specialists of the Service develop an individual Family Plan.

The Family Plan is a diary that reflects all the main points of work with the family. He is the analytical diary of the family. By drawing up a plan for working together with the family, we train family members to be active in the process. Often they begin to write their own action plan for a certain period of time. This makes the work process collaborative and prevents the family from being passive.

Components of a family plan:

Description of the situation / problem;

Family description (family research);

Family skills and skills;

Actions (who will do what) and the timing of the actions;

Current behavior (process diary);

Indicators and criteria - acceptance of work, revision and completion of the case;

Intermediate and final results.

The family plan can be analytical, concise, chronological. It is important that he helps the family, captures the slightest positive changes, and outlines prospects.

In working with the family, specialists use a variety of methods. Observation is one of them. Observation makes it possible to find out:

What do parents consider important for themselves and their child in the work of the center and how do they understand the goals of social rehabilitation;

What interests the parents in the first place and whether they are interested in the content and nature of work with the child in the center;

Does the child or his parents hope for the help of the center's specialists, are the parents disposed to make positive changes.

The second method is conversation. Conversation, as a method of studying the family, involves a clear goal setting and planning the forms of its implementation. The goal prompts the topic, and it prompts the entire course of the upcoming conversation.

It is important for a specialist to record the behavior of an adult at different stages of joint work: at the beginning of the work, in the process of activity, after completing the task.

A conversation with parents after completing the assignment gives the specialist additional material about their attitude towards the child. The results of the interviews are also recorded in an individual notebook.

If the rehabilitation of the blood family was successful, and the child returns to the family, then the family is under patronage for quite a long time.

Over the years of the Service's work, more than 300 children have been returned to the blood family. Children should return to a blood family, because, having lost contact with their relatives and friends, the child feels his uselessness, does not see the meaning in life. And children of any age should feel care and love, understanding and protection in their home.

2.3 Chapter Conclusions2

Thus, having examined and analyzed the content of social work in the center for social assistance to the family, we can draw the following conclusion: the activities of the social work of the center, aimed at providing assistance to dysfunctional families, including asocial ones, are carried out on the basis of the Family Support Service (hereinafter referred to as the Service ").

The Service is based on the following principles:

The principle of timeliness;

The principle of humanism;

The principle of an individual approach;

The principle of encouraging families to help themselves;

The principle of an integrated approach.

One of the main ones is the principle of an individual approach in working with an asocial family, which allows you to determine in which direction the work with the family will be carried out and what type of assistance should be provided by the specialists of the "Service" when developing an individual plan for working with the family.

But to achieve positive results in rehabilitation work with asocial families, it is necessary for a long time and the implementation of social patronage of such a family. But in practice, it is not always possible to completely return the family to normal life and harmonize its social needs.

Conclusion

In this work, the problem was studied: what is the content of social work with an asocial family in the center of social assistance to the family. To solve this problem, the main directions of social work with an asocial family are revealed; the characteristics of the asocial family as a client of social work are given; analyzed the activities of the center for social assistance to families in the Kostroma region.

As a result, the following conclusions can be drawn:

Social work is a kind of human activity, the purpose of which is to optimize the implementation of the subjective role of people in all spheres of society in the process of life support and active existence of an individual, family, social and other groups and strata in society;

Social work with the family includes such aspects as economic, legal, psychological, social, pedagogical and, therefore, requires a specialist to know the basics of these sciences and master their technologies;

Early identification of dysfunctional families and providing these families with the necessary set of measures aimed at preventing and correcting relationships both within the family and with society as a whole.

Bibliography

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It has long been known that alcohol abuse and especially chronic alcoholism of parents does not pass without leaving a trace for children. Scientists, observing the grave consequences of parents' drunkenness in children, come to the conclusion that, growing up, such children will not be able to fully fulfill the social functions that society will entrust them in the future.

Introduction
Main part:
1. Defects in the upbringing of children on the part of the parents:
1.1 Child abuse
1.2 Child abuse
1.3 Neglect
2. Features of psycho-emotional formation of the child's personality
3. Typical signs for identifying a child from a family of alcoholics by behavior at school
4. Features of the formation of personal qualities
Conclusion
Bibliography

The work contains 1 file

Plan:

Introduction

Main part:

1. Defects in the upbringing of children on the part of the parents:

1.1 Child abuse

1.2 Child abuse

1.3 Neglect

2. Features of psycho-emotional formation of the child's personality

3. Typical signs for identifying a child from a family of alcoholics by behavior at school

4. Features of the formation of personal qualities

Conclusion

Bibliography

Introduction

“Healthy can be considered a person who has a harmonious development and is well adapted to his physical and social environment, who fully realizes his physical and mental abilities, responds correctly to environmental changes if they do not go beyond the norm, and makes a feasible, proportionate with his abilities, contribution to the well-being of society ”. The health of the younger generation, therefore, is of particular importance for every society, and to protect children from the influence of drunken parents on them is a task of state importance. Children receive the basis of upbringing in the family. The family forms a person's personality. Preschool institutions, the school that the child attends, give only additional touches to the main - family education.

To illuminate a more complete picture of the health of family members of an alcoholic in this work, I examined some of the causes of alcohol consumption, especially female alcoholism, the health of children and adult family members. I also consider it necessary, in this context, to consider the consequences of raising an alcoholic in a family for a child.

The health of adult family members (mental and physical) affects directly both the development of children and the further course of alcoholism.

The problem of family alcoholism is currently of particular concern. First of all, children suffer from alcohol abuse. Conception while intoxicated, alcohol intake by the mother during pregnancy has negative consequences - all this leads to a variety of defects in the development of many organs and systems of the child's body. Disorders of the central nervous system are especially common. In addition, in family alcoholism, mental retardation is often combined with severe impairments to attention, memory, and emotional-volitional sphere.

The adverse effect of parental alcoholism on children is not limited to deviations at the biological level. Family alcoholism forms a complex of negative macrosocial influences on the child. Therefore, even in the case when the maturation of the organism occurs relatively well, the problem of social disadoptation of such children arises with all the acuteness. Emotional-behavioral and personal deviations in children, acquired as a result of improper upbringing, complicate the formation of normal interpersonal relationships and social adaptation generally.

In turn, social deodaptation is a powerful adverse factor that aggravates personal and behavioral disorders. It contributes to the formation of persistent psychopathic states, asocial forms of behavior. In this regard, timely and purposeful work with such children is of particular importance. Unfortunately, experience shows that teachers of both mass schools and specialized ones are not sufficiently aware of the specific difficulties of raising and educating children from alcoholic families. Therefore, it seems necessary to study in more detail the characteristic disorders of the mental and personal development of children of alcoholics in order to further use the results obtained to improve the methods of correction and upbringing of such children.

Main part

1. Defects in parenting children

1.1 Child abuse

Maltreatment refers to either child abuse or neglect. Harassment of children is expressed in the deliberate infliction of bodily harm and abuse, sexual abuse and / or emotional trauma. Children can be subjected to severe physical punishment, beaten with a belt or fists, thrown on the floor, hitting their head against a wall, which leads to fractures, bleeding, and bruising. Emotional trauma occurs as a result of constant swearing, yelling, insults, using obscene nicknames against the child, harsh criticism, ridicule, unfavorable comparisons with other siblings, or constant ignorance. Neglect means not being able to provide even the most basic care for a child — to provide the food, clothing, shelter and health care needed to sustain life, and the inability to meet his emotional, social and intellectual needs.

1.2 Child abuse

Parents who use physical force against their children have a devastating effect on them both emotionally and physically. Some children die from abuse; others remain crippled for life. Hatred directed at a child torments and frightens him, leaving deep, non-healing wounds in his soul. As a result, pathological cowardice, timidity, passivity, latent hostility, dullness and a cold, indifferent inability to love others develop. Teenagers who have been abused by their parents are more likely to use violence against their parents in due course.

1.3 Neglect

Neglect is the most common form of child and adolescent abuse. It can take many forms. Physical neglect is understood as the inability to provide a child with sufficient nutrition or a proper diet, clothing appropriate for living conditions, the necessary medical care, decent housing, and the fulfillment of basic personal hygiene requirements. Emotional neglect is insufficient attention, lack of love, care and tenderness, inability to meet the child's needs for approval of his actions, recognition of his merits and friendship. Intellectual neglect can manifest itself in allowing children to systematically miss classes for no reason, in the inability to provide them with study and provide conditions for completing homework, in the absence of the necessary materials to stimulate their intellectual development. Social neglect can include insufficient attention to the child's social activity, social circle and playmates, unwillingness to engage the child in useful activities, or the inability to accustom the child to life in the company of other people. The term moral neglect refers to such phenomena as the inability to set a positive example for the child, to carry out any kind of moral education.

2. Features of psycho-emotional formation of the child's personality

The effect of alcoholism on the family as a whole consists in the distortion and misuse of 3 elements necessary for the healthy functioning of the family: the creation of family rules, roles and boundaries. The rules in alcohol abuse families are skewed in two directions: too loose or too strict. This leads to a chaotic situation in which the feeling of reliability and security is lost. Children may take on roles that are unusual for them, such as the role of a parent, and in this case, they may not detect any signs of weakness, vulnerability, or empathy. The boundaries of each family member are blurred or too rigid. In the latter case, family members are inaccessible to each other, expression of feelings is prohibited.

Alcohol, even if medical aspects aside, causes a lot of problems. The main share of all cases of violence, vandalism, bodily harm in the family is associated with drunkenness.

It can be noted that there are no universal rules of behavior in families of alcohol abusers: what is good and what is bad is determined from case to case. It all depends on the physical and emotional well-being of the parents, and not on some philosophy of home education. Sometimes a child gets a thrashing for something that has recently been allowed to do, and may have been considered commendable. The relationship between adults and children is also highly uncertain. Sometimes they can be relaxed and open, so that the child feels very good in the family, they play with him, they pamper him. Then they begin to speak with the child in a mentoring tone, and then the authoritarian style of communication prevails.

Life in a family with alcohol abuse is unpredictable. Parents' promises are often not kept. What was said earlier is denied, the child can be accused of lying if he tries to remind him of the promise. If the father promises something and then does not pay attention to it or simply forgets about what was said, the child may have doubts in his memory. Children develop distrust, as a result of which they do not tell anyone that they feel shame, fear, guilt, awkwardness and envy towards "normal" peers. Clinicians consider these adolescents to be at high risk of developing emotional problems.

Often, parents cannot agree on a decision made or said. The quarrels that accompany differences of opinion make the situation even worse. The child thinks that he is the cause of the fight and is afraid of the consequences, which may be that someone will be physically or verbally abused, or worse, the parents may separate. All this causes a feeling of insecurity and fear, from which there is nowhere to hide and there is no one to find consolation from. Parental indifference can be as painful as anger. The child's success can be taken for granted, his attempts to arouse parental attention and affection on this basis are rejected. Such behavior of parents in this situation is perceived by the child as extremely negative. In addition, self-esteem is deformed. If you are not taken care of and appreciated, then doubt will inevitably creep in, but do you really exist? In this case, perhaps the main way to get parents to pay attention is to behave badly, causing parental anger. Anger, which, in any case, means at least some attention. It's better than nothing.

The emotional underdevelopment inherent in a person who abuses alcohol can cause irreparable harm to the psyche of a child, he is forced to sit on the lap of a drunk and smelling alcoholic father and listen to rantings about how much he loves his child and how difficult it is for him because he is not understood and they don't trust him. Often, the mood of parents, like a pendulum, fluctuates from expressing self-pity to exaggerated aggressiveness towards someone or something. The child seems to feel that in some incomprehensible way this scene may end with the father's anger turning against him. Therefore, the child does not dare to leave because of fear of punishment, is forced to experience a state of fear, "bad conscience" about his rejection of his father and his behavior. A drunken adult's need for tenderness and closeness with a child is not always at odds with reason. Weasel can develop into sexual flirting, especially since the permissible limit of communication in alcoholic couples is seen in a completely different way. Lars Säderling notes that in reality, we can talk about the presence of several steps on the path to incest, as the most painful manifestation of emotional undifferentiation inherent in a person who abuses alcohol. In any case, it is generally accepted that incest occurs in 50 cases according to the scheme outlined above.

The child's psyche, naturally, in such a situation is broken, he experiences a sense of shame and guilt. Friends of the child who are in his home can also be raped. They can also become the object of inappropriate jokes or other unpleasant actions for them. Or the parent may make himself a laughing stock in the eyes of his children if he behaves stupidly and unworthily. The child gradually stops inviting friends to him, preferring to be at their home, and since there is often a similar situation there, such meetings are increasingly taking place in the entrances or the nearest gateway.

The reaction of parents who abuse alcohol to certain actions or statements of children differ (due to the characteristics of alcoholism as a disease) unpredictability and inconsistency, it can be different depending on the mood. Therefore, the child does not know which of his thoughts and actions will receive approval, and which - condemnation. This disorganizes his mental development, the skills of a correct response to this or that phenomenon, the actions of friends, teachers and other educators are not developed.

The greatest concern for the health, psychological state, development of a child is caused by his being in an asocial or immoral family. Parents from these families are mostly deprived of their rights to their children.

As already noted, asocial families are distinguished by alcohol abuse, addiction, prostitution and other deviant actions. Immoral families are characterized by the use of violent measures by their members in relation to loved ones. V real life asocial and immoral manifestations are often combined, which aggravates the situation of the most defenseless members of such families. A number of studies have traced the connection between physical violence and alcoholism, drug addiction. It is indicative that among families in which incest is observed, 35% are families of alcoholics. Such parents have low self-esteem, they lose confidence in their parenting abilities, they feel like failures. Fathers with negative self-esteem may be violent in anger, feeling rejected.

It should be noted that in public opinion, family trouble is associated, first of all, with asociality. Judging by the data of a sociological survey conducted by VTsIOM in June 2013, the main criterion by which Russians classify a particular family as dysfunctional is parental drunkenness (41% of respondents). Drug addiction in the family was named by 6% of the respondents, 4% of the respondents believed that the main manifestation of family trouble is an immoral lifestyle, and only 1% of the respondents believed that family conflicts and quarrels were to blame.

The reasons for alcohol abuse can be different. Researchers include the following typical ones:

- family predisposition;
- personal characteristics;
- living conditions, etc .;

The most important factor in the appearance families of alcoholics is an the influence of the parental environment. Researchers believe that the addiction to alcohol can come from drinking parents or grandparents, among whom the child grew up. In his mind, images of a positive attitude towards drinking alcohol are fixed. For example, after a dinner with alcohol, my father's mood improved, he became kinder. As a result, the growing adolescent developed the attitude that "drinking is good." And over time, alcohol dependence appeared.

Can contribute to alcohol addiction features of a person's personal status. The following qualities can be disposed to alcohol: infantilism, dependence, instability of the psyche, weakness of character. With the help of a bottle, people with such character traits often try to “relieve stress”, overcome problem situations at work and in the family.

Another factor contributing to frequent drinking is unfavorable living conditions. And this may be the lack of a comfortable apartment, a bachelor life after a divorce, low wage with unloved work, inability to organize their free time, etc.

The above reasons increase the risks of a person's addiction to alcohol. However, they are not at all a priori. There are many cases when a child with an extremely negative attitude towards alcohol grew up in the family of an alcoholic. And in adulthood, he practically did not drink alcoholic beverages.

Researchers dealing with the problem of asocial families identify certain types of families of alcoholics. The main ones are: families with a drinking father, families with a drinking mother, and families with both parents drinking) In quantitative terms, the first type prevails. Children in such families are either very afraid of their fathers, trying to please them, or, on the contrary, are rude, avenge insults by ridicule and neglect. Often these families break up. A child is in an even more difficult situation in the conditions of the second and third types of these families. Often, the children of a drinking mother develop an inferiority complex, they permanently experience a sense of shame, humiliation, and resentment. Obviously, in families where both parents drink, all these troubles are aggravated. It is not uncommon that in such a situation there is a threat to the health, and sometimes the life of the child. He has distorted ideas about values and moral principles.

Social work with families of alcoholics carried out by specialized social institutions, designed to provide positive assistance in solving the problems of disadvantaged families. This

work includes certain stages. At the first stage diagnostics is carried out, which is aimed at identifying the causes of alcohol abuse. For this, psychological tests, conversations, the study of the social biography of family members are used.

In the second stage social work, a correctional program is drawn up. One of its most important directions is to strengthen the personal resource of a person prone to alcoholism. For this, psychological trainings, psychodrama and other methods can be used. In some cases, it is advisable to use the social and labor rehabilitation of an alcoholic. The next stage of work with a family where alcohol is abused, is the summing up of the intermediate result of the implementation of the correctional program. Then the specialist makes the necessary adjustments and the process of social support of the problem family continues until positive results are obtained.

Huge trials have to endure a family whose member is experiencing drug addiction. Most of all, his closest people suffer - parents, spouse, sisters, brothers, children. Many experts believe that the more painful their emotions are in connection with this problem, the less adequate help will be from them. You cannot help a drug addict to quit taking drugs if you do not encourage him to carefully monitor his reactions, try to decisively change himself and his lifestyle.

Social work with families of drug addicts involves professional counseling. It is important to convince the addict and his family that real help in solving their problem should be sought outside the circle of relatives, friends, neighbors, acquaintances. It must come from persons specially trained for such work. In various regions of Russia, there are special programs for the prevention of drug addiction and assistance to drug addicts. Using their capabilities can be an effective help in solving the problems of drug addicts' families.

Ignoring the vital needs of the child, the use of violent measures in relation to him forms immoral appearance of the family. V modern Russia significant levels of violence against children still persist. About 100 thousand children and adolescents suffer from criminal attacks annually. Moreover, the age of the affected children

decreases. Today, the victims of violence are on average adolescents who are no more than 12 years old. 1

Violence in our country is the lot not only of asocial and financially disadvantaged families. According to a number of psychologists (S.A.Belicheva, E.V. Knyazhko, I.V. Vorobyeva), among children who have suffered from domestic violence, 50% are from outwardly prosperous families. This is almost twice as high as that of those families who lead an immoral lifestyle. In the latter, 36% of children were identified as victims of parental abuse.

According to the Institute of Sociology of the Russian Academy of Sciences, 40% of violence in our country is carried out in the family. In the first half of 2015 alone, 2,000 murders and 5,000 cases of grievous intentional harm to health were recorded in Russian families.3 At the same time, people who have suffered in family conflicts do not often turn to law enforcement agencies. In the fair opinion of a number of analysts, the family space is becoming life-threatening in our country, just like the street.

In recent years, there has been a tendency for an increase in the number of registered crimes committed against underage children in our country. 2013 to 2015 their number increased by 10 thousand, amounting to 96.5 thousand people.

Domestic violence is diverse by object. According to this criterion, three types of it can be distinguished:

parental violence against children;
interspousal violence;
violence of children and grandchildren against parents, grandmothers, grandfathers and other older relatives.

For many years, the first type of domestic violence has been the most widespread. At the turn of the XX-XXI century. in the Russian Federation, in family conflicts, parents committed violence against their children in 65% of cases, and children against their parents in 35% of cases.

Most of the victims in inter-spousal violence are women. TO early XXI century in our country annually at the hands of their husbands killed about 15 thousand women, and among the rapes, every sixth fell on their husbands. 1

In modern Russia, 36,000 women are beaten in the family every day. About half of the women who were beaten were assaulted while they were pregnant, breastfeeding, or having

a small child or experienced physical, moral suffering, were in a state of helplessness.

help to the police, medical institutions or a lawyer.

A relatively “new” phenomenon in Russia is the rise in domestic violence against husbands. According to some data, out of 100 cases of domestic violence in about 40 cases, the aggressor is women.

In the context of the weakening of traditional family values, the third type of domestic violence has become somewhat widespread. According to American researchers (Bartol et al.), An average of about 1 million older Americans (500,000 to 2.5 million) are abused annually by their caregivers.

Research materials conducted in the Russian Federation indicate that psychological violence is used against older family members more often than physical violence, accounting for 46 to 58 percent of cases of violence. Whereas beatings and other forms of physical violence against this category of family members are noted in 15-38 percent of cases.

As already noted, of the above types of domestic violence, the prevailing one is directed against children. Depending on the the subjective expression of such violent acts they can be classified into various types. According to most researchers, the main ones are:

- psychological abuse;
- physical impact on children;
- sexual abuse;
- neglect of the needs of the child.

Some authors (M. Rotter et al.) Consider psychological abuse too broadly, including in it many aspects and manifestations associated with neglect of the interests of children. However, the more common is the four-tier typology of child violence in the family.

Data from Russian emergency services for children and adolescents (hotlines) indicate that the most common form of domestic violence is psychological. 1 This is confirmed by the materials of various sociological studies. Several years ago, scientists from the Murmansk State Pedagogical University, together with specialists from the regional crisis center for women "Shelter", conducted a sociological survey to identify public opinion on the problems of domestic violence. Then 239 people were interviewed. The cases of abuse known to the respondents were carried out in the following forms: psychological violence (threats, insults, prohibitions, etc.) - 66%, physical violence (beating, bullying with the use of force, etc.) -62%, sexual violence - 25 %. Consequently, the most widespread form of domestic violence is psychological.

Psychological or emotional abuse is expressed in frequent humiliation, insults, threats, ridicule against the child. In this case, the conversation with him is carried out in a raised voice, threats of his physical violence are heard, and humiliating nicknames are assigned.

Modern researchers also refer to the manifestations of psychological violence as the deliberate isolation of the child, presenting

lodging excessive demands on him that do not correspond to age and capabilities. 1 Even frequent, almost constant criticism of a child may well be seen as an initial form of emotional abuse.

Psychological abuse has an extremely negative impact on the mental development of the child, his mood and general well-being. It is possible to identify certain personal and behavioral characteristics of a child who has been subjected to emotional abuse. Experts include among them: childishness, indecision, fearfulness; low self-esteem; his anxiety, sleep disturbance, nervous tics; the child's compliance, a tendency to solitude, or, on the contrary, a manifestation of aggressiveness towards peers, adults, etc.

The next most common form of domestic violence against a child is physical impact, resulting in bodily injury or risks. For physical abuse the non-random nature of such an impact is characteristic. It can be carried out in the form of beating, torture, concussion, in the form of blows, slaps in the face, cauterization with hot objects, liquids, lighted cigarettes, etc. On the pages “ Russian newspaper”One of the egregious facts of physical torture by a mother of her child was cited. The girl ended up in the Altufevsky reception center in Moscow, where the most difficult children in their fate go and sometimes spend six months. Burns from extinguished cigarettes were visible on her cheek. She said that it was her mother who brought her lover, they drank well, and then one by one they put out cigarettes on her cheeks.

The manifestations of physical violence against children include such cases when a child is driven out into the cold without warm clothes, kept in a cold basement, locked up for a long time (in the bathroom, on the balcony, etc.), deprived of water and food. TO this kind violence can also include gross disruption of the child's daily routine, including sleep deprivation.

Motivation for physical violence may be different. Experts name the following three as the leading reasons for this effect on children:

- personality of the child(the presence of an incurable disease, disability, mental retardation, impaired mental and physical development, prematurity of children, inconsistency of the child's personality with the expectations of parents, hyperactivity, impulsivity, aggressiveness, deviating behavior of the child, etc.);
- personal characteristics of parents(their increased level of anxiety, high impulsivity, rigidity in behavior, relationships, low level of control over their own actions and actions, recognition of the need to use the system of physical punishment in the upbringing process, low level of self-esteem and education, experience of cruelty towards oneself in childhood, etc.) ;
- difficult psychological atmosphere in the family(the lack of family members' ability to adequately express their feelings and emotions, disrespect and mistrust towards each other, the imposition of housebuilding principles in family life, etc.) 1

In many countries around the world, including the Russian Federation, physical punishment of your children remains a fairly common practice. Some parents find it permissible and justified to punish a child by slapping on the “soft spot”, using cuffs, jabs, and belts.

Sociological studies of the attitude of adults to the use of various types of violence against children, carried out by domestic and foreign scientists and practitioners, made it possible to establish that 60% of respondents - parents surveyed believed that physical punishment is a necessary and effective means of controlling child behavior. "According to the survey data. 120 parents with children 3-7 years old, conducted by V.V.Solodnikov and N.I.Simonenko at the turn of the XX-XXI centuries in the Ryazan region, only 6% of respondents - men and 15% of respondents - women condemned themselves for using physical All the women and 86% of men surveyed believed that physical punishment in the upbringing of preschoolers was indispensable.

In order to prevent physical pressure against their children by some of the parents, social workers, social educators, psychologists are called upon to convince them not to allow such a practice. It is important for them to offer other forms of punishing children that are alternative to physical violence (being in a corner, a temporary ban on watching cartoons, on visiting children's attractions, etc.)

Parents need to be aware of the fact that due to physical impact on the child, he may develop persistent neurotic manifestations (sleep disturbance, blinking of eyes, enuresis, etc.). In addition, physical violence often does not give the expected result. If, for example, a child's behavior disorder is due to hyperactivity, then physical impact on him can only aggravate the problem.

Often, parents, especially young ones, simply do not know that years will pass and they will reproach themselves and, in some cases, pay for striking the “soft spot” of their children with a belt. After all, the consequence of such upbringing may be in the future a misunderstanding between them and their grown-up children, the lack of trusting relationships. Moreover, a child who has been subjected to physical punishment often uses this experience in relation to his children in adulthood. And here everything logically fits into the setting: "I was brought up this way, so I can do it too."

It should be noted that in some countries (Japan) and among certain peoples of our country (the highlanders of the Caucasus) there are bans on the use of physical violence against children. They have been formed over many centuries and are an enduring tradition. For example, the highlanders well understood that, humiliating the dignity of a child, it is impossible to grow up a courageous, honest, self-confident person from him. It is no coincidence that today psychologists confirm that a child who has been physically abused may develop ingratiating behavior, excessive compliance, a tendency to lie, cruelty, a feeling of loneliness, etc. Parents who are prone to physical punishment of children need to know this.

One of the most shameful forms of violence against children is sexual. It means the involvement of a child by an adult in sexual activities. Sexual violent behavior, along with rape, includes such actions as showing the genitals (exhibitionism), abusive insults and remarks, touching body parts, having sexual intercourse in the presence of a child, forced prostitution, showing the child pornographic films, and more. Consequently, sexual abuse of a child in the family can manifest itself not only in the form of sexual intercourse, but also in the form of lecherous actions in relation to him.

The incidence of child sexual abuse is significant. According to the Center for Social and Forensic Psychiatry. Serbian, the internal affairs bodies of our country annually register 7-8 thousand cases of sexual abuse of children. In 2012, 8,800 such cases were registered in the Russian Federation. 1 In real life, this number is higher. After all, such facts do not always become known to law enforcement agencies.

Rosstat cites more underestimated data on the number of children recognized as victims of sexual acts in the Russian Federation. This is due to differences in calculations. The data of the Ministry of Internal Affairs include all persons in respect of whom they have applied to the department, and Rosstat, probably, records only those of them against whom an official acknowledgment has been made. In 2013, Rosstat counted about 1,000 children across the country who were recognized as victims of sexual acts. In 2014, there were already 2.4 thousand of them, and in 2015, the number of such children increased to 3.7 thousand. “Even the somewhat underestimated statistics of the statistical department indicate a trend towards a significant increase in the number of sexual victims among Russian children.

Some studies on child sexual abuse have shown that one in four girls and one in eight boys are sexually abused before the age of 18, and children with disabilities are sexually harassed 2-10 times more often than normal children. The most frequent (modal) age of victims of sexual violence among children is 8-12 years.

In the vast majority of cases of violence against children, they are committed by acquaintances and relatives for them. According to various sources, from 75 to 90 percent of all cases of violence against children are carried out by persons they know. In 35-45 percent of cases, the rapist is a relative (father, brother, stepfather, father-in-law, grandfather, etc.), and in 30-45 percent - an acquaintance (neighbor, family friend, etc.)

Sad statistics show that sexual crimes are more often committed in single-parent families, as well as in families created after a second marriage. According to the data cited in one of the publications of the magazine "Russian Justice", nine percent of the total number of such acts were at the turn of the XX-XXI century. committed in complete families, 23% - in single-parent families and 68% - in families where the mother or father was replaced by a stepfather or stepmother. 1 It is the last category of families that has the greatest risk of sexual violence against a child (children).

In adulthood, the consequences of sexual violence can appear in the form of psychosomatic illnesses, various abuse (drugs, alcohol, medications), various disorders associated with rejection of their bodies. "Such persons sometimes have violations in sexual relations. In addition, specialists It is believed that a certain proportion of people who have been sexually abused in childhood are characterized by a tendency to aggression, and they sometimes manifest violent actions of various types (psychological, physical, etc.) in their families.

The reaction of children who have been sexually abused depends largely on their age, developmental level, the nature of the abuse, their attitude towards the abuser, and other factors. In order to identify cases of sexual violence by social workers, specialized centers need to know behavioral manifestations that may testify to this or raise suspicions about this account. These include: regressive state of the child (return to the former tearfulness, to overcome fears with return, etc.); escape from home; knowledge about sex inappropriate for the child's age; seductive behavior with adults of the opposite sex; excessive withdrawal or aggressiveness, hysteria; suicidal thoughts and attempts; addiction to alcoholic beverages, drugs, etc.

To provide assistance to victims of domestic violence, there are specialized services - crisis centers. In recent years, significant experience of their work has been accumulated in St. Petersburg, the Orenburg region, in the Khanta-Mansiysk autonomous region... In the city of Rostov-on-Don, there is a crisis center "Athena", where specialists provide support not only to adolescents who are victims of violence, but also to women in need of help and temporary shelter.

Social work with child victims of sexual abuse has its own specifics. According to psychologists, the most difficult and responsible stage is conducting a questioning of the child. It includes five main stages:

1. Establishing emotional contact and trusting relationship with the child. It is advisable to start the conversation with topics that are safe for him, for example, with the psychologist's story about himself and his role.
2. Assessment of the child's development, the level of his psychological maturity, including the ability to understand the event.
3. Obtaining the necessary information. If you cannot call the child to frankness, then he should be asked specific questions about what happened. The conversation begins with open general questions, followed by targeted questions about the violence (time and circumstances, the nature of the violence, the person who committed it). Multiple choice, direct and suggestive questions may be asked if all other options for obtaining information from the child are ineffective.
4. Completion of the conversation. At the end, it is necessary to express gratitude to the child for the cooperation, regardless of how fruitful the conversation was. In addition, it is necessary to reassure the child if he is agitated, to build confidence in his security.
5. Analysis of the information received. It is important to take into account information obtained from various sources. To do this, it is necessary to obtain information about the child's family, including information about the relationship of parents with each other, relatives with the child, about the daily routine, interests and hobbies of the child, about his relationship with peers ... etc. This information can help supplement the child's story and see what happened in a broader context.

Neglecting the needs of children being a type of domestic violence, it poses a serious threat to the life of the child, his normal socialization. Such an attitude towards a child is manifested in the failure of parents or persons acting in their stead to fulfill their obligations to care for him, to protect and look after him, to provide the child with food, clothing, housing, necessary medical needs, and access to primary and general education.

The shameful practice of passing it on to third parties can also be classified as a variety of child neglect. There are cases when “parents”, in order to receive monetary reward, transfer their child to prostitution, to abet in fraud, theft, or even try to sell. Several years ago, the press reported on an attempt by a woman from Rostov-on-Don (repeatedly convicted) to sell her six-year-old daughter. This woman estimated her child at 4 million rubles. Immediately after the money was transferred by the operatives, she was detained, and the child was handed over to the protection of the guardianship authorities. 1

Lack of parental care for the child can also be unintentional. He is sometimes motivated by their illness, excessive poverty, inexperience. Lack of attention on the part of parents to provide the child with everything necessary can be a consequence of social upheavals, for example, civil wars, natural disasters (flood, earthquake, etc.) Of course, this is a different situation. The forced restriction of a child to provide him with food, clothing, housing is often temporary.

Social workers who are called upon to provide professional assistance to neglected children must be able to identify such families in a timely manner. Among the features of the mental state and behavior of a child, allowing one to suspect a disdainful attitude towards him, experts will single out: constant hunger or thirst; theft of food; the desire by any means, up to causing self-harm, to attract the attention of adults; the demand for affection and attention; depressed mood, a state of apathy; passivity or, on the contrary, aggressiveness and impulsivity; delinquent (antisocial) behavior up to vandalism; inability to communicate with people, make friends; promiscuous friendliness; regressive behavior; learning difficulties, poor academic performance, lack of knowledge; low self-esteem.

Prevention work plays an important role in solving the problems of domestic violence. The most vulnerable target group here are children and adolescents. Taking into account the developments on this problem of some authors, one can single out three levels of activities to prevent domestic violence. First level focused on the prevention of violent actions through the formation of non-aggressive behavior in ordinary families. For this, methods such as psychological trainings, role-playing games, aimed at increasing the level of self-esteem, psychological stability of a child, adolescent, can be used. Second level prevention is aimed at preventive work in dysfunctional families and families of social risk. It provides for measures to identify children experiencing abuse by relatives and friends. Third level prevention can only be called preventive. In essence, it has a correctional and rehabilitation orientation, being aimed not only at stopping violent actions, but also at carrying out rehabilitation measures in relation to a child who has experienced violence. In this case, social work can include corrective, psychotherapeutic methods and medico-social means.

Activities to prevent and overcome the negative consequences of family violence against children achieves the necessary effect while ensuring the coordinated work of specialists (social educators, educational psychologists, etc.) with kindergarten teachers and school teachers. At the turn of the XX-XXI century. in the Russian Federation, only 7% of cases of child abuse became known to law enforcement agencies. At the same time, teachers and kindergarten educators were 8-10 times better aware of such facts than employees of the juvenile affairs inspectorate (crime prevention departments). 1

Thus, the preservation of a significant number of children in a socially dangerous situation is one of the most important social problems. In modern Russia, more than 2/3 of juvenile criminals are brought up in dysfunctional families, where quarrels, scandals, mutual insults, drunkenness, and debauchery are the “norm”. Understanding the specifics of the problems of conflict, pedagogically untenable, asocial and immoral families, as well as an analysis of possible negative consequences on the fate of children living in these families, create the necessary theoretical basis to develop effective measures to prevent and overcome family problems.

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Lists of frequency words of the Russian language The most popular English words with translation Basic English is already worth falling in love with, if only for the fact that it is enough to learn only 850 words to learn it. Oddly enough, this amount is quite enough to communicate easily and naturally with a resident of any English-speaking country. Of course	Lists of frequency words of the Russian language Most frequently used English words keeper of fine literature Clever words borrowed from other languages are designed to strike those around them with the intellect of the speaker or writer. And after all, many want to know abstruse words for communication and their meaning, but are too lazy to just look for them on the Internet and
Pre-Intermediate level - who is suitable, the program, the duration of study What should be known at the pre intermediate level So, what are the levels, what level of language proficiency do you personally need (depending on your goals), and how much time will it take to reach this level? For convenience, we will focus on English, as the most popular language,	Learn colors in English with translation and pronunciation Hello dear user! In this article we will expand our vocabulary of English words with such a frequently used topic as "". It is clear that the description of any objects or phenomena without bright colors is boring and unimpressive. That's why we

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