Unified State Exam - Physics for Everyone. Easy and affordable. Learning Together The Unified State Exam in Physics
| Demonstration version of the USE 2011 PHYSICS, grade 11. (2011 - 2/27) Unified State Exam in PHYSICS Explanations for the demo version of the 2011 control measuring materials in PHYSICS When reviewing the 2011 Demo Control Measurements, keep in mind that the items included in the Demo do not reflect all of the content issues that will be tested using the 2011 CMM variants. A complete list of questions that can be controlled at the 2011 unified state exam is given in the codifier of content elements in physics for the compilation of control measuring materials (CMM) of the 2011 unified state exam. The purpose of the demonstration version is to enable any USE participant and the general public to get an idea of the structure of future CMMs, the number of tasks, their form, and the level of complexity. The above criteria for assessing the performance of tasks with a detailed answer, included in this option, give an idea of the requirements for the completeness and correctness of recording a detailed answer. This information will allow graduates to develop a strategy for preparing and passing the exam. |
Unified State Exam in PHYSICS
Demonstration version of control measuring materials of the 2011 unified state exam in physics
prepared by the Federal State Scientific Institution
"FEDERAL INSTITUTE OF PEDAGOGICAL MEASUREMENTS"
Demonstration version of control measuring materials for the 2011 unified state exam in PHYSICS
Work instructions
4 hours (240 minutes) are allotted to complete the examination work in physics. The work consists of 3 parts, including 35 tasks.
Part 1 contains 25 tasks (A1 – A25). Each task is given 4 answer options, of which only one is correct.
Part 2 contains 4 tasks (B1-B4), in which the answer must be written in the form of a set of numbers.
Part 3 consists of 6 tasks (C1 – C6), for which it is required to give detailed solutions.
It is allowed to use a non-programmable calculator for calculations.
| Demonstration version of the USE 2011 PHYSICS, grade 11. (2011 - 4/27)
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Carefully read each task and the suggested answer options, if any. Answer only after you have understood the question and analyzed all the answer options.
Complete tasks in the order in which they are given. If a task is troubling you, skip it. You can return to the missed tasks if you have time.
The points received by you for completed tasks are summed up. Try to complete as many tasks as possible and score the most points.
We wish you success!
Below are the reference data that you may need to get the job done.
Decimal prefixes
Part 1
Four bodies moved along the O axis X... The table shows the dependence of their coordinates on time.
Two bodies move along mutually perpendicular intersecting straight lines, as shown in the figure. First body impulse modulus R 1 = 4 kg⋅m / s, and the second body R 2 = 3 kg⋅m / s. What is the modulus of impulse of the system of these bodies after their absolutely inelastic impact?
1) 1 kg⋅ m / s 2) 4 kg ·m / s 3) 5 kg⋅m / s 4) 7 kg⋅m / s
The oscillation period of the spring pendulum is 1 s. What will be the period of oscillation if the mass of the load of the pendulum and the stiffness of the spring are increased by 4 times?
1) 1 s 2) 2 s 3) 4 s 4) 0.5 s
With a decrease in the gas temperature in a sealed vessel, the gas pressure decreases. This decrease in pressure is explained by the fact that
1) the energy of thermal motion of gas molecules decreases
2) the energy of interaction of gas molecules with each other decreases
3) the randomness of the movement of gas molecules decreases
4) the size of gas molecules decreases when it cools
Two forces act on the body in the inertial frame. Which of the vectors shown in the right figure correctly indicates the direction of acceleration of the body in this frame of reference?
1) 1 2) 2 3) 3 4) 4
The figure shows a graph of the dependence of the modulus of the elastic force on the elongation of the spring. What is the stiffness of the spring?
0 4 8 12 x, cm
There is a narrow pot of water on the gas stove, covered with a lid. If the water from it is poured into a wide saucepan and also closed, then the water will boil much faster than if it remained in a narrow one. This fact is explained by the fact that
1) the heating area increases and, therefore, the water heating rate increases
2) the required pressure of saturated vapor in the bubbles increases significantly and, therefore, the water at the bottom must be heated to a lower temperature
3) the surface area of the water increases and, therefore, evaporation is more active
4) the depth of the water layer is noticeably reduced and, therefore, vapor bubbles reach the surface faster
The relative humidity in the cylinder under the piston is 60%.
The air is isothermally compressed, reducing its volume by half. The relative humidity of the air became equal to
1) 120% 2) 100% 3) 60% 4) 30%
A constant flowing through the conductor q, Cl
electricity. The value of the charge passed through the conductor increases over time according to the graph, 6
shown in the figure. The strength of the current 4 in the conductor is
1) 36 A 2) 16 A 3) 6 A 4) 1 A
The figure in the Cartesian system JG coordinates shows the induction vector B magnetic field G in an electromagnetic wave and the vector c the speed of its propagation. Direction JG of the electric field strength vector E in the wave coincides with the arrow
1) 1 2) 2 3) 3 4) 4
At a temperature of 10 ° C and a pressure of 10 5 Pa, the density of the gas is 2.5 kg / m 3. What is the molar mass of the gas?
1) 59 g / mol 2) 69 g / mol 3) 598 kg / mol 4) 5.8 · 10 -3 kg / mol
An uncharged metal body was introduced into a uniform electrostatic field, and then divided into parts A and B (see figure). What electric charges do these parts have after separation?
1) A - positive, B - will remain neutral
2) A - remains neutral, B - negative
3) A - negative, B - positive
4) A - positive, B - negative
S 1 S2 Two point light sources S 1 and S 2 are close to each other and create a stable interference pattern on the remote screen E (see figure).
This is possible if S 1 and S 2 are small holes in the E opaque screen, illuminated
1) each with its own sunbeam from different mirrors
2) one - with an incandescent light bulb, and the second - with a burning candle
3) one with blue light and the other with red light
4) light from the same point source
Two point positive charges
q 1 = 200 nC and q 2 = 400 nC is q
1
A
q
2
are kept in a vacuum. Determine the strength of the electric field of these charges at point A,
One of the ways to measure Planck's constant is based on determining the maximum kinetic energy of electrons under the photoelectric effect by measuring the voltage that traps them. The table shows the results of one of the first such experiments.
While measuring the current in the spiral wire R, four students connected the ammeter differently. The result is shown in the figure. Indicate the correct ammeter connection.
1) 2)
3) 4)
During the experiment, the student investigated the dependence of the modulus of the elastic force of the spring on the length of the spring, which is expressed by the formula F l () = k l −l 0, where l 0 - the length of the spring in an undeformed state.
The graph of the obtained dependence is shown in the figure.
0 1 2 3 4 5 6 l, cm
Which statement is (are) consistent with the results of the experiment? A. The length of the spring in an undeformed state is 3 cm.
B. The spring rate is 200 N / m.
1) only A 2) only B 3) both A and B 4) neither A nor B
The figure shows several of the lowest levels E, eV
0 energy of the hydrogen atom. Can an atom located E 3– 1,5
capable of E 1, absorb a photon with an energy of 3.4 eV? E 2– 3,4
1) yes, in this case the atom goes over to the state E 2
2) yes, in this case, the atom goes into the state E 3
3) yes, while the atom is ionized, decaying into a proton and an electron
4) no, the photon energy is not enough for the transition of the atom E- 13.6 in an excited state
What fraction of radioactive nuclei decays after a time interval equal to two half-lives?
1) 100% 2) 75% 3) 50% 4) 25%
Radioactive polonium 84 216 Po, having experienced one α-decay and two β-decays, turned into an isotope
1) lead 82 212 Pb 2) polonium 84 212 Po 3) bismuth 83 212 Bi 4) thallium 81 208 Tl
(2011 - 11 / 27)
Part 2
As a result of the transition from one circular orbit to another, the centripetal acceleration of the Earth satellite decreases. How do the radius of the satellite's orbit, the speed of its movement in orbit and the period of revolution around the Earth change as a result of this transition?
1) increased
2) decreased
3) has not changed
A beam of light passes from water to air. The frequency of the light wave is ν, the speed of light in water- υ, the refractive index of water relative to air - n... Establish a correspondence between physical quantities and formulas by which they can be calculated. For each position of the first column, select the corresponding position of the second and write down to the table
PHYSICAL VALUES OF THE FORMULA
A) wavelength of light in air υ
1) n ⋅ν
B) wavelength of light in water n ⋅ν
2) υ n ⋅υ
+ - The capacitor of the oscillating circuit is connected to a constant voltage source (see figure). Graphs A and B
WITH 1 represent changes in physical quantities,
2 characterizing the oscillations in the circuit after moving the switch K to position 2. Set the correspondence
L between graphs and physical quantities, the dependence of which on time these graphs can represent. For each position of the first column, select the corresponding position of the second and write down to the table selected numbers under the corresponding letters.
CHARTS PHYSICAL VALUES
A) 1) charge of the left plate of the capacitor
0 2) coil current
B) 3) the energy of the electric field of the capacitor
0 4) the magnetic field energy of the coil
The temperature of the heat engine refrigerator was increased, leaving the heater temperature the same. The amount of heat received by the gas from the heater during the cycle did not change. How did the efficiency of the heat engine change, the amount of heat given off by the gas per cycle to the refrigerator, and the work of the gas per cycle?
For each value, determine the corresponding change pattern:
1) increased
2) decreased
3) has not changed
Write down the selected numbers for each physical quantity in the table. The numbers in the answer may be repeated.
(2011 - 13 / 27)
Part 3
In a horizontal cylindrical vessel, closed by a piston, there is a monatomic ideal gas. Initial gas pressure p 1 = 4 10 5 Pa. The distance from the bottom of the vessel to the piston is L... Cross-sectional area of the piston S= 25 cm 2. As a result of slow heating, the gas received an amount of heat Q= 1.65 kJ, and the piston has moved a distance x= 10 cm.When the piston moves, a friction force of magnitude acts on it from the side of the vessel walls F tr = 3 · 10 3 N. Find L... Consider that the vessel is in a vacuum.
Washer weight m HE m .
Neglect air resistance.
(2011 - 15 / 27)
The grading system for examination work in physics
Part 1
For the correct answer for each task of Part 1, 1 point is given.
If two or more answers are indicated (including the correct one), the wrong answer or the answer is missing - 0 points.
| Demonstration version of the USE 2011 PHYSICS, grade 11. (2011 - 16/27) Part 3 CRITERIA FOR ASSESSING TASKS PERFORMANCE WITH AN EXTENDED ANSWER Solutions of tasks C1-C6 of part 3 (with a detailed answer) are evaluated by an expert commission. Based on the criteria presented in the tables below, for each task, depending on the completeness and correctness of the answer given to the student, the student gets from 0 to 3 points. The figure shows an electrical circuit consisting of a galvanic cell, rheostat, transformer, ammeter and voltmeter. At the initial moment of time, the rheostat slider is set in the middle and is stationary. Based on the laws of electrodynamics, explain how the readings of the instruments will change as you move the rheostat slider to the left. The EMF of self-induction should be neglected in comparison with ε.
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| Job No. |
Answer |
Job No. |
Answer |
Part 2
A task with a short answer is considered completed correctly if the sequence of numbers is correctly indicated in tasks B1-B4.
For a complete correct answer 2 points are given, 1 point - one mistake was made; for an incorrect answer (more than one mistake) or its absence - 0 points.
Washer weight m begins to move along the gutter AB from point A from the state of rest. Point A is located above point B at a height H= 6 m. During movement along the chute, the mechanical energy of the washer due to friction decreases by Δ E= 2 J. At point B, the washer flies out of the chute at an angle of α = 15 ° to the horizontal and falls to the ground at point D, which is on the same horizontal as point B (see figure). BD = 4 m. Find the mass of the washer m... Neglect air resistance.
| Sample Potential Solution |
| 1. The speed of the puck at point B is determined from the balance of its energy in points A and V taking into account friction losses: = m g H − Δ E . Hence υ 2 = 2g H- 2 Δ E . m 2. Flight time of the puck from a point V exactly D: g t 2 y sin t 0, where y Is the vertical coordinate of the puck in the system reference with origin at a point V... From here t=. g 3. Flight range BD is determined from the expression for the horizontal coordinate of the washer in the same frame of reference: υ2 BD = υcosα⋅ = t sin2 .α g 4. Substituting into the expression for BD value υ 2, we obtain ⎛ Δ E ⎞ BD = 2 ⎜ H- ⎟ sin2 .α ⎝ mg ⎠ 5. From here we find the mass of the washer: m = Δ E . ⎛ BD ⎞ g H ⎜ − ⎟ Answer: m= 0.1 kg. |
(2011 - 17 / 27)
| causes a change in the induction of the magnetic field created by this winding. This leads to a change in the magnetic flux through the secondary winding of the transformer. 4. In accordance with Faraday's law of induction, EMF arises induction ε ind = - in the secondary winding, and therefore Δ t voltage U at its ends, recorded by a voltmeter. |
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| The complete correct solution is given, including the correct answer (in this case - change of readings of devices, p. 1), and a complete correct explanation (in this case - p. 2-4) indicating the observed phenomena and laws (in this case - electromagnetic induction, Faraday's law of induction, Ohm's law for a complete circuit). |
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| The solution is given and the correct answer is given, but there is one of the following disadvantages: - the explanation contains only general reasoning without reference to the specific situation of the problem, although all necessary physical phenomena and laws; OR - the reasoning leading to the answer is not presented in full volume or they contain logical flaws; OR - not all physical phenomena and laws necessary for a complete correct solution are indicated. |
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| one of the following cases: - arguments are given with an indication of physical phenomena and laws, but an incorrect or incomplete answer is given; OR - arguments are given with an indication of physical phenomena and laws, but the answer is not given; - only the correct answer is presented without justification. |
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(2011 - 19 / 27)
| Assessment criteria for the assignment |
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energy conservation law and free fall kinematics formulas); 2) the necessary mathematical transformations and calculations are carried out, leading to the correct numerical answer, and the answer is presented; in this case, a decision is allowed "in parts" (with intermediate calculations). |
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| one of the following disadvantages: - v necessary |
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| The records are presented corresponding to one of the following cases: the use of which is necessary |
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| All cases of decisions that do not meet the above criteria for scoring 1, 2, 3 points. |
(2011 - 21 / 27)
During the laboratory work, the student assembled an electrical circuit according to the diagram in the figure. Resistances R 1 and R 2 are equal to 20 ohms and 150 ohms, respectively. The resistance of the voltmeter is 10 kOhm, and the resistance of the ammeter is 0.4 Ohm. The EMF of the source is 36 V, and its internal resistance is 1 Ohm.
The figure shows the instrument scales with the readings received by the student. Are the instruments in good working order or is one of them giving incorrect readings?
| Sample Potential Solution |
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| To determine the current strength, we use Ohm's law for a complete circuit. Voltmeter and resistor R 1 are connected in parallel. Therefore, = +. R total R V R 1
From here R total = 1 V R V 10020 Hence, I= = = ≈ 0.21 (A). R 1 + R 2 + R A + r 20 +150+ 0,4 +1 171,4 The ammeter shows a current of about 0.22 A. The scale division of the ammeter is 0.02 A, which is more than the deviation of the readings from the calculation. Hence, ammeter gives correct readings . To determine the voltage, we use Ohm's law for a section of the circuit: I = . R 1 From here U = I R⋅ 1 = 0.21 20 = 4.2 (V). The voltmeter shows the voltage 4.6 V. The division value of the voltmeter is 0.2 V, which is half the deviation of the readings. Hence, voltmeter gives incorrect readings . Note: the solution to the problem is considered correct if the measuring instruments are considered ideal. |
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| Assessment criteria for the assignment |
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| The complete correct solution is provided, including the following elements: the use of which is necessary to solve the problem in the chosen way (in this solution - Ohm's law for a complete circuit and for a section of a circuit, formulas for calculating the resistance of a section of a circuit with series and parallel connection of conductors); 2) the necessary mathematical transformations and calculations were carried out, |
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R
⋅ R
20 10000⋅| Assessment criteria for the assignment |
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| The complete correct solution is provided, including the following elements: 1) formulas expressing physical laws are correctly written, the use of which is necessary to solve the problem in the chosen way (in this solution - expression for the internal energy of a monatomic ideal gas, the Clapeyron – Mendeleev equation, an expression for the work of a gas and the first law of thermodynamics); |
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| one of the following disadvantages: V necessary an error has been made in mathematical transformations or calculations; The necessary mathematical transformations and calculations are logically correct, do not contain errors, but are not complete; OR - no transformations leading to the answer are presented, but the correct numerical answer or the answer in general form is written. OR The solution contains an error in the required mathematical conversions and is not brought to a numerical answer. |
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| The records are presented corresponding to one of the following cases: Only provisions and formulas expressing physical laws are presented, the use of which is necessary to solve the problem, without any transformations with their use, aimed at solving the problem, and the answer; The solution lacks ONE of the original formulas required to solve the problem (or the statement underlying the solution), but there are logically correct transformations with the available formulas aimed at solving the problem; OR In ONE of the initial formulas necessary for solving the problem (or the statement underlying the solution), an error was made, but there are logically correct transformations with the existing formulas aimed at solving the problem. |
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| All cases of decisions that do not meet the above criteria for scoring 1, 2, 3 points. |
A small load suspended on a thread 2.5 m long performs harmonic vibrations, at which its maximum speed reaches 0.2 m / s. With the help of a collecting lens with a focal length of 0.2 m, the image of the vibrating weight is projected onto a screen located at a distance of 0.5 m from the lens. The main optical axis of the lens is perpendicular to the plane of oscillation of the pendulum and the plane of the screen. Determine the maximum displacement of the image of the load on the screen from the equilibrium position.
| Sample Potential Solution |
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| When the pendulum oscillates, the maximum speed of the load υ can be determined 2 2 m υ from the law of conservation of energy: = mgh, where h = l(1 - cosα) = 2 l sin 2 α ≈ l α – maximum lifting height. Maximum deflection angle α≈, where A- vibration amplitude (displacement amplitude). From here A = υ . Amplitude A 1 fluctuations in the displacement of the image of the load on the screen located at a distance b from the plane of a thin lens, proportional to the amplitude A b vibrations of a load moving at a distance a from the plane of the lens: A 1 = A . Distance a is determined by the thin lens formula: = +, whence F b b b l b a = b, and = −1. Hence, A 1 = A =υ , b − F a F a g a l ⎛ b ⎞ A 1 = υ ⎜ −1⎟. g ⎝ F ⎠ Answer : A 1 = 0.15 m. |
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| Assessment criteria for the assignment |
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| The complete correct solution is provided, including the following elements: 1) formulas expressing physical laws are correctly written, the use of which is necessary to solve the problem in the chosen way (in this solution - energy conservation law, thin lens magnification formula and thin lens formula); 2) the necessary mathematical transformations and calculations are carried out, leading to the correct numerical answer, and the answer is presented. In this case, a solution is allowed "in parts" (with intermediate calculations). |
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(2011 - 23 / 27)
| leading to the correct numeric answer, and the answer is presented. In this case, a solution is allowed "in parts" (with intermediate calculations). |
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| The presented solution contains item 1 of the complete solution, but also has one of the following disadvantages: - v necessary an error has been made in mathematical transformations or calculations; - the necessary mathematical transformations and calculations are logically correct, do not contain errors, but are not completed; OR - no transformations leading to the answer are presented, but recorded correct numerical answer or general answer; OR - the solution contains an error in the necessary mathematical transformations and is not brought to a numerical answer. |
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| The records are presented corresponding to one of the following cases: - only provisions and formulas expressing physical laws are presented, the use of which is necessary to solve the problem, without any transformations with their use, aimed at solving the problem, and the answer; - the solution lacks ONE of the original formulas necessary for solving the problem (or the statement underlying the solution), but there are logically correct transformations with the existing formulas aimed at solving the problem; OR - in ONE of the initial formulas necessary for solving the problem (or the statement underlying the solution), an error was made, but there are logically correct transformations with the existing formulas aimed at solving the problem. |
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| All cases of decisions that do not meet the above criteria for scoring 1, 2, 3 points. |
(2011 - 25 / 27)
| Demonstration version of the USE 2011 PHYSICS, grade 11. (2011 - 26/27)
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(Formula (1) follows from F
= Δ p
Δ t and P
= F
/ S
.)| The presented solution contains item 1 of the complete solution, but also has one of the following disadvantages: - v necessary an error has been made in mathematical transformations or calculations; - the necessary mathematical transformations and calculations are logically correct, do not contain errors, but are not completed; OR - no transformations leading to the answer are presented, but recorded correct numerical answer or general answer; OR - the solution contains an error in the necessary mathematical transformations and is not brought to a numerical answer. |
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| The records are presented corresponding to one of the following cases: - only provisions and formulas expressing physical laws are presented, the use of which is necessary to solve the problem, without any transformations with their use, aimed at solving the problem, and the answer; - the solution does not contain ONE of the original formulas necessary for solving the problem (or the statement underlying the solution), but there are logically correct transformations with the existing formulas aimed at solving the problem; OR - in ONE of the initial formulas necessary for solving the problem (or the statement underlying the solution), an error was made, but there are logically correct transformations with the existing formulas aimed at solving the problem. |
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| All cases of decisions that do not meet the above criteria for scoring 1, 2, 3 points. |
A monochromatic beam of parallel rays is created by a source that, in a time Δ t= 8 · 10 –4 s radiates N= 5 10 14 photons. Photons fall along the normal to the site S= 0.7 cm 2 and create pressure P= 1.5 · 10 -5 Pa. In this case, 40% of the photons are reflected, and 60% are absorbed. Determine the wavelength of the radiation.
(2011 - 27 / 27)
| The records are presented corresponding to one of the following cases: - only provisions and formulas expressing physical laws are presented, the use of which is necessary to solve the problem, without any transformations with their use, aimed at solving the problem, and the answer; - the solution lacks ONE of the original formulas necessary for solving the problem (or the statement underlying the solution), but there are logically correct transformations with the existing formulas aimed at solving the problem; OR - in ONE of the initial formulas necessary for solving the problem (or the statement underlying the solution), an error was made, but there are logically correct transformations with the existing formulas aimed at solving the problem. |
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| All cases of decisions that do not meet the above criteria for scoring 1, 2, 3 points. |
Specification of control measuring materials for the 2011 unified state examination in PHYSICS
1. Purpose of control measuring materials
Control measuring materials allow to establish the level of development by graduates of the federal component of the state educational standard of secondary (complete) general education.
The results of the unified state exam in physics are recognized by educational institutions of secondary vocational education and educational institutions of higher vocational education as the results of entrance examinations in physics.
2. Documents defining the content of the examination paper
The content of the examination paper is determined on the basis of the following documents.
1. The federal component of the state standard for basic general education in physics (order of the Ministry of Education of Russia No. 1089 dated 05.03.2004).
2. The federal component of the state standard of secondary (complete) general education in physics, basic and profile levels (order of the Ministry of Education of Russia No. 1089 of 05.03.2004).
3. Approaches to the selection of content, the development of the structure of the examination work
Each version of the examination paper includes controlled elements of content from all sections of the school physics course, while assignments for all taxonomic levels are proposed for each section. The content elements most important from the point of view of continuing education in higher education institutions are controlled in the same way at different taxonomic levels. The number of tasks for a particular section is determined by its content and in proportion to the study time allotted for its study in accordance with the approximate physics program. The various plans, according to which the examination variants are constructed, are built according to the principle of substantive addition so that, in general, all series of variants provide diagnostics of the development of all the content elements included in the codifier.
The priority in the design of the examination paper is the need to check the activities provided for by the standard (taking into account the restrictions imposed by the conditions of mass written testing of students' knowledge and skills): mastering the conceptual apparatus of a physics course, mastering methodological knowledge, applying knowledge in explaining physical phenomena and solving problems ... Mastery
the skills of working with information of physical content are checked indirectly in the test using various methods of presenting information in the texts of assignments or distractors (graphs, tables, diagrams and schematic drawings). Within the framework of the technology of the unified state examination, it is impossible to provide diagnostics of experimental skills, since it requires the use of real laboratory equipment. However, in the examination work, tasks are used based on photographs of real physical experiments, which diagnose the mastery of a part of the experimental skills.
The most important activity from the point of view of successful continuation of education at a university is problem solving. About 40% of the maximum primary score is allocated to solving problems of increased and high levels of complexity. Each option turns off tasks for all sections of different levels of complexity, allowing you to test the ability to apply physical laws and formulas both in typical educational situations and in non-traditional situations that require a sufficiently high degree of independence when combining known action algorithms or creating your own plan for completing a task.
The use of task models is limited by the framework of the USE blank technology. The objectivity of checking tasks with a detailed answer is ensured by uniform assessment criteria, the participation of two independent experts evaluating one work, the possibility of appointing a third expert and the presence of an appeal procedure.
The Unified State Examination in Physics is an exam of the choice of graduates and is intended for differentiation in admission to higher educational institutions. For these purposes, tasks of three levels of difficulty are included in the work. Completing tasks of the basic level of complexity allows you to assess the level of mastering the most significant substantive elements of the standard in physics of secondary school and mastering the most important types of activity. Among the tasks of the basic level, tasks are distinguished, the content of which corresponds to the standard of the basic level. The minimum number of USE scores in physics, confirming the graduate's mastering of the secondary (complete) general education in physics program, is established based on the requirements for mastering the basic level standard and is at least half of the tasks that meet this standard. The use of tasks of increased and high levels of complexity in the examination work makes it possible to assess the degree of a student's preparedness for continuing education in higher education.
4. The structure of the examination paper
Each version of the examination work consists of three parts and includes 35 tasks that differ in form and level of difficulty (see table 1).
Part 1 contains 25 multiple choice questions. Their designation in work: А 1; A2; ...; A25. Each task is given 4 answer options, of which only one is correct.
Part 2 contains 4 tasks to which you need to give a short answer. Their designation in work: B1; ...; AT 4. In the examination work, tasks are proposed in which the answers must be given in the form of a set of numbers.
Part 3 contains 6 tasks for which it is necessary to give a detailed answer. Their designation in work: C1; C2; ...; C6.
...........................
Training options for the exam in physics -2011:
FIPI materials:
1. Training options for the exam in physics - 2011
Codifier of content elements and requirements ... for the Unified State Exam in Physics 2011.
- Download
2. Demo-GIA-9class-2011 - Download
3. The most complete edition of the standard options for the USE -2011 assignments. Physics. A.V. Berkov, V.A. Mushrooms - Download
Control and measuring materials. Physics. Grade 11. N.I. Zorin 2011 - Download
Physics. Answers to exam tickets. Grade 9. Tutorial. S.A. Sokolov. 2010 - Download
Control and measuring materials. Physics. Grade 9. N.I. Zorin. 2011 - Download
Control and measuring materials. Physics. 8th grade. N.I. Zorin. 2011 - Download
Control and measuring materials. Physics. 7th grade. N.I. Zorin. 2011 - Download
Official sites for the exam:
The official information portal of the Unified State Exam - www1.ege.edu.ru
Federal Institute for Pedagogical Measurements (FIPI) - http://fipi.ru/
Federal Testing Center - http://www.rustest.ru/
Federal portal "Russian Education" - http://www.edu.ru/
Unified State Exam in St. Petersburg - www.ege.spb.ru
Internet - Olympiad for schoolchildren in physics
Saint Petersburg State University (SPbSU)
- for students from grades 7 to 11;
- effective for preparing students in grades 9 and 11 for the final exam.
All details about the rules of participation and technical conditions on the website: http://barsic.spbu.ru/olymp/
Olympiad
Olympiads in the field of exact sciences - http://olymp.ifmo.ru
Unified State Exam in Physics - 2010
The main
The duration of the exam in physics is 210 minutes.
The USE results are assessed on a 100-point scale. In the same form, they will be exhibited in the certificate of the exam.
The certificate of the USE results is actually an examination sheet for entrance exams to a university.
The minimum number of points (the exam is passed) is determined on a 100-point scale within 6-8 days after the USE in the subject is held within the main terms.
If a graduate, passing the USE in physics, receives a grade below the minimum number of points, then he can retake this USE only for the next year.
RIA Novosti 06/17/2010:
According to Rosobrnadzor estimates, 5% of Russian schoolchildren did not cope with the school physics course.
In total, more than 175 thousand people took the unified state exam in physics on June 11.
The Rosobrnadzor Scaling Commission has determined the minimum number of USE points, indicating the mastery of the school physics course in 2010 - 34 points. Those guys who have not overcome this threshold will be able to retake the USE in this subject only next year.
At the same time, 107 participants from 40 regions received 100 points in physics.
Rosobrnadzor decided to recheck some work in a number of regions, the results of which are questionable.
Failure to pass the minimum threshold for elective subjects does not affect the receipt of a certificate. The positive results of these USEs may be needed by those who wish to continue their studies, including in higher educational institutions.
Demonstration version of the exam in physics 2010(PDF format) - open - download
Test "Demo - 11"http://www.seninvg07.narod.ru), MOU "Secondary School No. 4", Korsakov, Sakhalin Region. -
Test "Demo - 11"- Physics teacher Senin V.G. ( download
Authors: O.F. Kabardin, S.I. Kabardin, V.A. Orlov
Typical test tasks in physics contain 10 options for sets of tasks, compiled taking into account all the features and requirements of the exam in 2010. The purpose of the manual is to provide readers with information about the structure and content of the 2010 CMM. in physics, as well as the degree of difficulty of the tasks.
The collection provides answers to all test options, provides solving all tasks of one of the options, as well as solving problems of level C in all 10 variants... In addition, there are samples of forms used on the exam.
The team of authors included specialists with extensive experience in school and university and participating in the development test items for the exam.
The manual is intended for teachers to prepare students for the physics exam (not only for a single one, but also for the traditional written one), and for high school students and applicants for self-preparation and self-control.
Exam Publishing House, Moscow 2010
Work instructions
4 hours (240 minutes) are allotted to complete the examination work in physics. The work consists of 3 parts, including 35 tasks.
Part 1 contains 25 tasks (A1 – A25). Each task is given 4 answer options, of which only one is correct.
Part 2 contains 4 tasks (B1-B4), in which the answer must be written in the form of a set of numbers.
Part 3 consists of 6 tasks (C1 – C6), for which it is required to give detailed solutions.
It is allowed to use a non-programmable calculator for calculations.
Carefully read each task and the suggested answer options, if any. Answer only after you have understood the question and analyzed all the answer options.
Complete tasks in the order in which they are given. If a task is troubling you, skip it. You can return to the missed tasks if you have time.
The points received by you for completed tasks are summed up.
Try to complete as many tasks as possible and score the most points.
Below are the reference data that you may need to get the job done.
Decimal prefixes
When completing the tasks of part 1 in the answer form number 1, under the number of the task you are performing (A1-A25), put a "×" in the box, the number of which corresponds to the number of the answer you have chosen. Four bodies moved along the Ox axis. The table shows the dependence of their coordinates on time.
A1 Four bodies moved along the Ox axis. The table shows the dependence of their coordinates on time.
For which of the bodies could the velocity be constant and different from zero?
1) 1 2) 2 3) 3 4) 4
A2 Two forces act on the body in the inertial frame. Which of the vectors shown in the right figure correctly indicates the direction of acceleration of the body in this frame of reference?
1) 1 2) 2 3) 3 4) 4
A3 The figure is a graph showing the dependence of the modulus of elastic force on the elongation of the spring. What is the stiffness of the spring?
1) 250 N / m
2) 160 N / m
3) 2.5 N / m
4) 1.6 N / m
A4 Two bodies move along mutually perpendicular intersecting straight lines, as shown in the figure. The modulus of the impulse of the first body is p 1 = 4 kg⋅m / s, and the second body is p 2 = 3 kg * m / s. What is the modulus of impulse of the system of these bodies after their absolutely inelastic impact?
1) 1 kg⋅ m / s 2) 4 kg ·m / s 3) 5 kg⋅m / s 4) 7 kg⋅m / s
A5 A vehicle with a mass of 10 3 kg is moving at a speed of 10 m / s. What is the kinetic energy of a car?
1) 105 J 2) 104 J 3) 5⋅104 J 4) 5⋅103 J
A6 The oscillation period of the spring pendulum is 1 s. What will be the period of oscillation if the mass of the load of the pendulum and the stiffness of the spring are increased by 4 times?
1) 1 s 2) 2 s 3) 4 s 4) 0.5 s
A7 On the last kilometer of the stopping distance, the train speed decreased by 10 m / s. Determine the speed at the beginning of braking if the total braking distance of the train was 4 km, and the braking was equally slow.
1) 20 m / s 2) 25 m / s 3) 40 m / s 4) 42 m / s
A8 As the temperature of the gas in the sealed vessel decreases, the gas pressure decreases. This decrease in pressure is explained by the fact that
1) the energy of thermal motion of gas molecules decreases
2) the energy of interaction of gas molecules with each other decreases
3) the randomness of the movement of gas molecules decreases
4) the size of gas molecules decreases when it cools
A9 There is a narrow pot of water on the gas stove, covered with a lid. If the water from it is poured into a wide saucepan and also closed, then the water will boil much faster than if it remained in a narrow one. This fact is explained by the fact that
1) the heating area increases and, therefore, the water heating rate increases
2) the required pressure of saturated vapor in the bubbles increases significantly and, therefore, the water at the bottom must be heated to a lower temperature
3) the surface area of the water increases and, therefore, evaporation is more active
4) the depth of the water layer is noticeably reduced and, therefore, vapor bubbles reach the surface faster
A10 The relative humidity in the cylinder under the piston is 60%.
The air is isothermally compressed, reducing its volume by half. The relative humidity of the air became equal to
1) 120% 2) 100% 3) 60% 4) 30%
A11 The four metal bars were placed side by side as shown in the figure. Arrows indicate the direction of heat transfer from bar to bar. The temperature of the bars at the moment is 100 ° C, 80 ° C, 60 ° C, 40 ° C.
A bar has a temperature of 60 ° C
1) A 2) B 3) C 4) D
A12 At a temperature of 10 ° C and a pressure of 10 3 Pa, the density of the gas is 2.5 kg / m3.
What is the molar mass of the gas?
1) 59 g / mol 2) 69 g / mol 3) 598 kg / mol 4) 5.8 10-3 kg / mol
A13 An uncharged metal body was introduced into a uniform electrostatic field and then divided into parts A and B (see figure). What electric charges do these parts have after separation?
1) A - positive, B - will remain neutral
2) A - remains neutral, B - negative
3) A - negative, B - positive
4) A - positive, B - negative
A14 A constant electric current flows through the conductor. The value of the charge passed through the conductor increases over time according to the graph shown in the figure.
The current in the conductor is
1) 36 A 2) 16 A 3) 6 A 4) 1 A
A15 The inductance of the wire loop is 2⋅10–3 H. At what current strength in the loop is the magnetic flux through the surface bounded by the loop equal to 12 mWb?
1) 24⋅10–6 A 2) 0.17 A 3) 6 A 4) 24 A
A16 The figure shows the induction vector in the Cartesian coordinate system B magnetic field in an electromagnetic wave and the vector c the speed of its propagation. Direction of the electric field strength vector E in the wave coincides with the arrow 
1) 1 2) 2 3) 3 4) 4
A17 Students investigated the relationship between the speeds of a car and its image in a flat mirror in a frame of reference associated with the mirror (see figure).
O-axis projection X of the velocity vector with which the image moves, in this frame of reference is equal to
1) - 2υ 2) 2υ 3) υ 4) - υ
A18 Two point light sources S 1 and S 2 are close to each other and create a stable interference pattern on the distant screen E (see figure).
This is possible if S1 and S2 are small holes in the opaque screen, illuminated
1) each with its own sunbeam from different mirrors
2) one - with an incandescent light bulb, and the second - with a burning candle
3) one with blue light and the other with red light
4) light from the same point source
A19 Two point positive charges q 1 = 200 nC and q 2 = 400 nC are in vacuum. Determine the value of the electric field strength of these charges at point A, located on a straight line connecting the charges, at a distance L from the first and 2L from the second charge. L = 1.5 m.
1) 1200 kV / m 2) 1200 V / m 3) 400 kV / m 4) 400 V / m
A20 The figure shows some of the lowest energy levels of the hydrogen atom. Can an atom in the E 1 state absorb a 3.4 eV photon?
1) yes, in this case, the atom passes into the state Е 2
2) yes, in this case the atom goes over to the state Е 3
3) yes, while the atom is ionized, decaying into a proton and an electron
4) no, the photon energy is not enough for the transition of an atom to an excited state
A21 What fraction of radioactive nuclei decays over a time interval equal to two half-lives?
1) 100% 2) 75% 3) 50% 4) 25%
A22 Radioactive polonium 84 216 Po, having experienced one α-decay and two β-decays, turned into an isotope
1) lead 82 212 Pb
2) polonium 84 212 Po
3) bismuth 83 212 Bi
4) thallium 81 208 PTl
A23 One way to measure the Planck constant is based on determining the maximum kinetic energy of electrons under the photoelectric effect by measuring the voltage that traps them. The table shows the results of one of the first such experiments.
Planck's constant according to the results of this experiment is
1) 6.6⋅10 -34 J⋅s 2) 5.7⋅10 -34 J⋅s 3) 6.3⋅10 -34 J⋅s 4) 6.0⋅10 -34 J⋅s
A24 While measuring the current in the spiral wire R, four students connected the ammeter differently. The result is shown in the figure. Indicate the correct ammeter connection.
A25 During the experiment, the student investigated the dependence of the modulus of the elastic force of the spring on the length of the spring, which is expressed by the formula F ( l) = k | l −l 0 |, where l 0 - the length of the spring in an undeformed state.
The graph of the obtained dependence is shown in the figure.
Which statement is (are) consistent with the results of the experiment?
A. The length of the spring in an undeformed state is 3 cm.
B. The spring rate is 200 N / m.
1) only A 2) only B 3) both A and B 4) neither A nor B
The answer to the tasks of this part (B1-B4) is a sequence of numbers. Write the answers first in the text of the work, and then transfer them to answer form No. 1 to the right of the number of the corresponding task, starting from the first cell, without spaces and any additional symbols. Write each number in a separate box in accordance with the samples given in the form.
B1 As a result of the transition from one circular orbit to another, the centripetal acceleration of the Earth satellite decreases. How do the radius of the satellite's orbit, the speed of its movement in orbit and the period of revolution around the Earth change as a result of this transition?
For each value, determine the corresponding change pattern:
1) increased
2) decreased
3) has not changed
Write down the selected numbers for each physical quantity in the table.
- The numbers in the answer may be repeated.
- Orbital radius Orbital speed
- Period of revolution around the Earth
B2 The temperature of the heat engine refrigerator was increased, leaving the heater temperature the same. The amount of heat received by the gas from the heater during the cycle did not change. How did the efficiency of the heat engine change, the amount of heat given off by the gas per cycle to the refrigerator, and the work of the gas per cycle?
For each value, determine the corresponding nature of the change: 1) increased
2) decreased
3) has not changed Write down the selected numbers for each physical quantity in the table.
The numbers in the answer may be repeated.
- efficiency of a heat engine
The amount of heat given off by gas to the refrigerator per cycle of operation
- Gas work per cycle
B3 A beam of light passes from water to air. The frequency of a light wave is ν, the speed of light in water is υ, and the refractive index of water relative to air is n. Establish a correspondence between physical quantities and formulas by which they can be calculated. For each position of the first column, select the corresponding position of the second and write down the selected numbers in the table under the corresponding letters.
PHYSICAL QUANTITIES
A) wavelength of light in air
B) wavelength of light in water
B4 The capacitor of the oscillating circuit is connected to a constant voltage source (see figure). Graphs A and B represent changes in physical quantities characterizing oscillations in the circuit after moving the switch K to position 2. Set the correspondence between the graphs and physical quantities, the dependences of which on time these graphs can represent. For each position of the first column, select the corresponding position of the second and write down the selected numbers in the table under the corresponding letters.
PHYSICAL QUANTITIES
1) the charge of the left plate of the capacitor
2) current in the coil
3) the energy of the electric field of the capacitor
4) magnetic field energy of the coil
Tasks C1-C6 are tasks, the complete solution of which must be written down in the answer form No. 2. It is recommended to carry out a preliminary solution on a draft. When filling out the solution in the answer form No. 2, first write down the task number (C1, C2, etc.), and then the solution to the corresponding problem. Write down your answers clearly and legibly.
C1 The figure shows an electrical circuit consisting of a galvanic cell, rheostat, transformer, ammeter and voltmeter. At the initial moment of time, the rheostat slider is set in the middle and is stationary. Based on the laws of electrodynamics, explain how the readings of the instruments will change as you move the rheostat slider to the left.
The EMF of self-induction should be neglected in comparison with ε.
A complete correct solution to each of the C2 – C6 problems should include laws and formulas, the use of which is necessary and sufficient to solve the problem, as well as mathematical transformations, calculations with a numerical answer and, if necessary, a figure explaining the solution.
C2 A washer of mass m starts to move along the groove AB from point A from a state of rest. Point A is located above point B at a height of H = 6 m.In the process of moving along the chute, the mechanical energy of the washer due to friction decreases by ΔE = 2 J. At point B, the washer flies out of the chute at an angle α = 15 ° to the horizon and falls ground at point D, located on the same horizontal line with point B (see figure). BD = 4 m. Find the mass of the washer m.
Neglect air resistance.
C3 In a horizontal cylindrical vessel, closed by a piston, there is a monoatomic ideal gas. The initial gas pressure is p1 = 4 · 10 5 Pa.
The distance from the bottom of the vessel to the piston is L. The cross-sectional area of the piston is S = 25 cm 2. As a result of slow heating, the gas received an amount of heat Q = 1.65 kJ, and the piston moved at a distance x = 10 cm.When the piston moves, a friction force acts on it from the side of the vessel walls with a value of Ftr = 3 · 10 3 N. Find L. Calculate that the vessel is in a vacuum.
C4 During the laboratory work, the student assembled an electrical circuit according to the diagram in the figure. Resistances R1 and R2 are 20 ohms and 150 ohms, respectively. The resistance of the voltmeter is 10 kOhm, and the resistance of the ammeter is 0.4 Ohm. The EMF of the source is 36 V, and its internal resistance is 1 Ohm.
The figure shows the instrument scales with the readings received by the student. Are the instruments in good working order or is one of them giving incorrect readings?
C5 A small weight suspended on a thread 2.5 m long performs harmonic vibrations, at which its maximum speed reaches 0.2 m / s. With the help of a collecting lens with a focal length of 0.2 m, the image of the vibrating weight is projected onto a screen located at a distance of 0.5 m from the lens. The main optical axis of the lens is perpendicular to the plane of oscillation of the pendulum and the plane of the screen. Determine the maximum displacement of the image of the load on the screen from the equilibrium position.
C6 A monochromatic beam of parallel beams is created by a source that emits N = 5 10 14 photons in a time Δt = 8 · 10 -4 s. Photons fall along the normal to the area S = 0.7 cm 2 and create a pressure P = 1.5 · 10 -5 Pa. In this case, 40% of the photons are reflected, and 60% are absorbed. Determine the wavelength of the radiation.
The grading system for examination work in physics
Part 1
For the correct answer for each task of Part 1, 1 point is given. If two or more answers are indicated (including the correct one), the wrong answer or the answer is missing - 0 points.
| N o tasks |
Answer | N o tasks | Answer |
| A1 | 1 | A14 | 4 |
| A2 | 3 | A15 | 3 |
| A3 | 1 | A16 | 2 |
| A4 | 3 | A17 | 4 |
| A5 | 3 | A18 | 4 |
| A6 | 1 | A19 | 4 |
| A7 | 1 | A20 | 4 |
| A8 | 1 | A21 | 2 |
| A9 | 1 | A22 | 2 |
| A10 | 2 | A23 | 2 |
| A11 | 2 | A24 | 3 |
| A12 | 1 | A25 | 3 |
| A13 | 4 |
A task with a short answer is considered completed correctly if the sequence of numbers is correctly indicated in tasks B1-B4.
For a complete correct answer 2 points are given, 1 point - one mistake was made; for an incorrect answer (more than one mistake) or its absence - 0 points.
Part 3
CRITERIA FOR EVALUATING THE PERFORMANCE OF TASKS WITH A DEPLOYED ANSWER
Solutions of tasks C1-C6 of part 3 (with a detailed answer) are evaluated by an expert commission. Based on the criteria presented in the tables below, for each task, depending on the completeness and correctness of the answer given to the student, the student gets from 0 to 3 points.
Attention! When assigning points for completing the assignment in the "Protocol for checking answers to the tasks of form No. 2", it should be borne in mind that if there is no answer (there are no records indicating that the examinee has begun to complete the assignment), then an "X" is put on the protocol rather than "0".
Sample Potential Solution
1. During the movement of the rheostat slider, the ammeter readings will gradually increase, and the voltmeter will register the voltage at the ends of the secondary winding. Note: A complete answer does not require an explanation of the readings in the leftmost position. (When the engine comes to the extreme left position and its movement stops, the ammeter will be
show a constant current in the circuit, and the voltage measured by a voltmeter will be zero.)
2. When you move the slider to the left, the resistance of the circuit decreases, and the current increases in accordance with Ohm's law for a complete circuit, where R is the resistance of the external circuit.
3. Change in the current flowing through the primary winding of the transformer by the winding. This leads to a change in the magnetic flux through the secondary winding of the transformer.
4. In accordance with Faraday's law of induction, induction EMF arises in the secondary winding, and therefore, the voltage U at its ends, recorded by a voltmeter.
| Points | |
| 3 | A complete correct solution is given, including the correct answer (in this case, a change in the readings of devices, item 1), and a complete correct explanation (in this case, items 2–4) with an indication of the observed phenomena and laws (in this case, electromagnetic induction , Faraday's law of induction, Ohm's law for a complete circuit). |
| 2 | the following disadvantages: - the explanation contains only general reasoning without reference to the specific situation of the problem, although all the necessary physical phenomena and laws are indicated; OR - the reasoning leading to the answer is not presented in full or contains logical flaws; OR - not all physical phenomena and laws necessary for a complete correct solution are indicated. |
| 1 | cases: - arguments are given indicating physical phenomena and laws, but an incorrect or incomplete answer is given; OR - arguments are given with an indication of physical phenomena and laws, but the answer is not given; OR - only the correct answer is presented without justification. |
| 0 | criteria for giving marks in 1, 2, 3 points. |
Sample Potential Solution
| Points | Content of the correct answer and guidelines for grading (other formulations of the answer are allowed that do not distort its meaning) |
| 3 | elements: method (in this solution - the law of conservation of energy and the formulas free fall kinematics); answer; in this case, a decision is allowed "in parts" (with intermediate calculations). |
| 2 | a mistake was made; OR OR OR |
| 1 | Entries are presented that match one of the following cases: OR OR |
| 0 | All solution cases that do not match the above |
Sample Potential Solution
| Points | Content of the correct answer and guidelines for grading (other formulations of the answer are allowed that do not distort its meaning) |
| 3 | The complete correct solution is given, including the following elements: 1) formulas expressing physical laws are correctly written, the use of which is necessary for solving the problem by the selected method (in this solution - the expression for the internal energy monatomic ideal gas, the Clapeyron – Mendeleev equation, expression for the work of gas and the first law of thermodynamics); 2) the necessary mathematical transformations have been carried out and calculations leading to the correct numerical answer, and presented answer. In this case, a decision is allowed "in parts" (with intermediate calculations). |
| 2 | one of the following disadvantages: - in the necessary mathematical transformations, or an error was made in the calculations; OR - necessary mathematical transformations and calculations are logically correct, contain no errors, but are incomplete; OR - no transformations leading to the answer are presented, but recorded correct numerical answer or general answer. OR - the solution contains an error in the required mathematical conversions and not brought to a numerical answer. |
| 1 | Entries are presented that match one of the following cases: - Only provisions and formulas expressing physical laws, the application of which is necessary to solve tasks, without any transformations using them, aimed at solving the problem, and the answer; OR - the solution lacks ONE of the original formulas, the required to solve the problem (or the statement underlying the solution), but there are logically correct transformations with the existing formulas aimed at solving the problem; OR - in ONE of the original formulas required to solve the problem (or the statement underlying the decision) there was an error, but there are logically correct transformations with the existing formulas aimed at solving the problem. |
| 0 | All solution cases that do not match the above criteria for giving marks in 1, 2, 3 points. |
Sample Potential Solution
| Points | Content of the correct answer and guidelines for grading (other formulations of the answer are allowed that do not distort its meaning) |
| 3 | The complete correct solution is given, including the following elements: the use of which is necessary for solving the problem by the selected way (in this solution - Ohm's law for a complete circuit and for section of the circuit, formulas for calculating the resistance of the section of the circuit at serial and parallel connection of conductors); leading to the correct numeric answer, and the answer is presented. calculations). |
| 2 | The presented solution contains item 1 of the complete solution, but also has one of the following disadvantages: - in the necessary mathematical transformations or calculations a mistake was made; OR - necessary mathematical transformations and calculations are logically correct, contain no errors, but are incomplete; OR - no transformations leading to the answer are presented, but recorded correct numerical answer or general answer; OR - the solution contains an error in the required mathematical conversions and not brought to a numerical answer. |
| 1 | Entries are presented that match one of the following cases: - only provisions and formulas are presented expressing physical laws, the application of which is necessary to solve tasks, without any transformations using them, aimed at solving the problem, and the answer; OR - the solution lacks ONE of the original formulas, the required to solve the problem (or the statement underlying the solution), but there are logically correct transformations with the existing formulas aimed at solving the problem; OR - in ONE of the original formulas required to solve the problem (or the statement underlying the decision) there was an error, but there are logically correct transformations with the existing formulas aimed at solving the problem. |
| 0 | All solution cases that do not match the above criteria for giving marks in 1, 2, 3 points. |
1) formulas expressing physical laws are correctly written,
the use of which is necessary for solving the problem by the selected
method (in this solution - the law of conservation of energy, the formula for
thin lens magnification and thin lens formula);
2) the necessary mathematical transformations and calculations were carried out,
In this case, a solution is allowed "in parts" (with intermediate
calculations).
one of the following disadvantages:
- in the necessary mathematical transformations or calculations
a mistake was made;
OR
- necessary mathematical transformations and calculations
are logically correct, contain no errors, but are incomplete;
OR
- no transformations leading to the answer are presented, but recorded
correct numerical answer or general answer;
OR
- the solution contains an error in the required mathematical
conversions and not brought to a numerical answer.
- only provisions and formulas expressing physical
laws, the application of which is necessary to solve the problem, without
any transformations with their use aimed at
solution of the problem, and the answer;
OR
there are logically correct transformations with the existing
formulas aimed at solving the problem;
OR
- in ONE of the original formulas required to solve the problem
(or the statement underlying the decision) there was an error, but
there are logically correct transformations with the existing
formulas aimed at solving the problem.
criteria for giving marks in 1, 2, 3 points.
C6
Sample Potential Solution
| Points | Content of the correct answer and guidelines for grading (other formulations of the answer are allowed that do not distort its meaning) |
| 3 | The complete correct solution is given, including the following elements: 1) formulas expressing physical laws are correctly written, the use of which is necessary for solving the problem by the selected method (in this solution - formulas for light pressure, impulse photons, Newton's II law); 2) the necessary mathematical transformations and calculations were carried out, leading to the correct numeric answer, and the answer is presented. In this case, a solution is allowed "in parts" (with intermediate calculations). |
| 2 | The presented solution contains item 1 of the complete solution, but also has one of the following disadvantages: - in the necessary mathematical transformations or calculations a mistake was made; OR - necessary mathematical transformations and calculations are logically correct, contain no errors, but are incomplete; OR - no transformations leading to the answer are presented, but recorded correct numerical answer or general answer; OR - the solution contains an error in the required mathematical conversions and not brought to a numerical answer. |
| 1 | Entries are presented that match one of the following cases: - only provisions and formulas are presented expressing physical laws, the application of which is necessary to solve tasks, without any transformations using them, aimed at solving the problem, and the answer; OR - the solution lacks ONE of the original formulas, which is necessary for the solution to the problem (or the statement underlying the solution), but there are logically correct transformations with the existing formulas aimed at solving the problem; OR - in ONE of the original formulas required to solve the problem (or the statement underlying the decision) there was an error, but there are logically correct transformations with the existing formulas aimed at solving the problem. |
| 0 | All solution cases that do not match the above criteria for giving marks in 1, 2, 3 points. |
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