Rating of borehole pumps for water. How to choose a pump for a well
Many people in our country have suburban areas where they grow vegetables. Each gardener knows that a good result can not be expected if there is no regular watering of plants. However, what if the water source is located at a considerable distance from the site?
Even if the water is only 10 meters, then such a barrier can become serious enough to provide moisture to the vegetables and shrubs growing on the site. We have to exert great physical effort and carry water in buckets. However, not everyone can do it, especially the elderly, who are the majority among the owners of summer cottages.
To solve the problem of irrigation of plantings in the country can be by installing a surface pump. With its help it is possible to provide high-quality watering of plantings. In the market, this equipment is offered in a large assortment; various manufacturers offer their products. Models of surface pumps differ in their purpose and have certain design features. More about this view pumping equipment we will talk further.
What is a surface pump?
If we talk about such a variety of equipment for water supply, like pumps, then we note that they are divided into two types:
- superficial;
- submersible.
Installations of the first type are mounted on the surface in the immediate vicinity of the water source from which the liquid will be taken. Submersible models are used to pump water from a well with a large water depth. This equipment is equipped with a multi-stage suction structure, which, when using the pump, is immersed in water. This provides an opportunity for watering beds in their area at a great distance.
Often surface pumps are used in private homes as an additional component of the water supply system. Its surface pumps are most often used for pumping liquids. With their help, water is pumped out of special tanks, which is then used to water vegetables and various plants.
This type of pumping equipment is distinguished by its design. Each pump model of this type is designed for use in a well with a certain depth. The maximum depth with which such equipment can supply water reaches 10 meters.
The main difference between submersible and surface pumps is that they do not have high power, so they can only be used for pumping water. It is forbidden to transport mineral oil, fuel and other solid liquids through pipes. Using this equipment for this purpose may result in damage to the pump or system malfunction.
Criterias of choice
Before making a choice in favor of a surface pump for taking water from a well, you need to find out at what depth the water source is located on your site. The equipment parameters will largely depend on this. Since the depth of the wells in most summer cottages is small, for measurements it is enough to lower the line with a sinker into the pipe.
So you can find out the depth of your well. Further, focusing on this parameter, you can correctly choose the model that is suitable for your well. The technical passport for pumping equipment indicates the maximum depth with which it can supply water. Therefore, familiarization with the technical data will allow you to choose the right model.
Key parameters
When choosing a pump, you must focus on:
- maximum height of water rise;
- consider the removal of a source of water from the house;
- take into account the volume of pumped water.
To make it clearer, we explain this with a specific example. Suppose that on the site there is a well 10 meters deep located from the country house at a distance of 15 meters. Owner water consumption is 60 liters per hour. This means that when you come to the store, you need to consider models that have such a parameter as productivity of 60 liters with a lift height of at least 12 meters. The resulting calculation of water consumption will be the main parameter when choosing a surface pump.
Well section and head
When creating a well, pipes of a certain section are used. Given their diameter, it is necessary to select pumping equipment. If the owner immerses the installation to supply water, then in this case its size should be slightly smaller than the cross section of the wells. At present, the most common casing section is 4 inches, which, in terms of the more familiar measurement system, is 100 mm. Therefore, when choosing a pump, it is necessary to focus on this particular size.
Before purchasing a device, it is advisable to consult with specialists who will perform well drilling. They can give you recommendations on which well pump is best for a shallow well. You should also know which models are best suited for a sand well. If this moment is not taken into account when acquiring pumping equipment, then during operation it can quickly fail due to the strong impact of sand fractions on its operation.
For example, if the owner decided to use the most popular model of the Trickle pump, then he will be able to ensure the efficiency of water supply in the well up to 15 meters deep. With its help, with low costs, you can organize a stable water supply on your site.
When choosing a pump, attention should be paid to the maximum pressure that it maintains. To do this, refer to the technical documentation. The value of this parameter in the passport to the pump is indicated in bars. The most important is the suction depth parameter. To determine the maximum pressure, use the suction depth characteristic. To this value it is necessary to add 30, and for greater reliability, add an additional 10%. If the well has a total depth of 15 meters, then to ensure water intake by means of a pump, an apparatus providing a pressure of 50 bar is required.
Optional accessories
To find out which pump is best to choose for a well with sand is possible only after a detailed analysis of the model has been carried out. The choice should be made in favor of one that suits the technical characteristics. Such wells place high demands on the filters that come with the pumping equipment.
In order to ensure high efficiency when using a borehole pump, it is necessary to use various components. This requires a cable for the submersible pump, and for the surface - a hose. In addition, an electric cable and automatic devices will be required to connect the equipment. The latter will be needed in case of emergency shutdown. Outside control of pumping equipment should be brought out. It should be placed in a room that will be protected from external influences.
In the event that the surface pump does not pump water from the well, it is necessary to turn it off, and then perform the initial diagnosis. If a malfunction is detected, repairs must be carried out. In this case, it will be possible to ensure the restoration of its performance.
To carry out repairs, it is better not to try to do something yourself. It is best to contact the specialists of a service organization that provides warranty and post-warranty service of pumping units.
If a superficial well is located on a site, then during operation an overhead water may enter it. Pumps used in sand water wells must be equipped with additional filters to prevent dirt and sand from entering the water system.
Pump model selection
For the selection of the well pump to be correct, it is necessary to focus on the most important equipment parameters when searching for equipment. In some cases, for efficient water supply on the site, the installation of powerful pumping equipment of high power is necessary. Using such devices, you can ensure uninterrupted supply of water to the site. However, you should be aware that such models are not cheap, and you will have to spend significant funds on their purchase.
If the pump will work to pump water from a well with sand, then you will have to spend money on protecting water from sand. And for this you will need to purchase:
- sedimentation tanks;
- filters.
For a precise list of optional accessories that ensure efficient, long-lasting operation of the pump, consult a specialist.
Surface equipment can be used for wells located at a depth of not more than 20 meters. If the water source lies at a greater depth, then the best solution in this case is to install a submersible pump.
With a small depth of the well, the use of an inexpensive pump model will be sufficient. Before purchasing the installation, you need to determine the purpose of its use. To ensure water supply on the site, some models of pumping equipment are used, and for agricultural purposes, the choice is made in favor of completely different ones.
Which garden pump is better to choose?
Surface pumps for providing water supply at a summer cottage are offered by many companies specializing in the production of installations for water supply systems. Several companies are currently market leaders.
- Jumbo
- Whirlwind;
- Neoclima;
- Grundfos;
- Wilo.
You can buy the pump necessary for water supply in one of the specialized stores or by visiting the online store. The price of them is consistent with the quality of the devices.
Popular surface pump models
Among all pump models, we can distinguish those that are most in demand among consumers today.
- Elitech NS 600P. The peculiarity of this installation is that in its design there is a self-priming pump, and there is also a steel frame. You can use this pump for pumping clean water in conventional and drip irrigation systems. Power model is 620 watts. As for its performance, it is at the level of 50 liters / hour. The depth with which these units can supply water is 8 meters.
- "Jumbo 70 50 P". This model is able to operate at a maximum depth of 9 meters. The power of this model is 1100 watts. Pump performance is at 4.2 cubic meters. meters / hour.
- "Whirlwind PN 1100N." The power of this pump is 500 watts. Its performance is the same as that of the previous model.
- “AQUARIUS BTs-1.2-18U. A feature of this pump is the verticality of its location. The power of the equipment is 690 watts. It has a capacity of 4.5 cubic meters of water per hour. This model can work at a maximum depth of 8 meters.
If the source of water supply is located far away, then in this case, to ensure constant watering of plants and beds, it is necessary to drill a well and install a pump. The choice of a pump is a responsible matter, since there are a lot of models and each has its own performance and application goals. For irrigation, you need to choose the right model, taking into account not only the price, but also the performance parameters and the depth of water supply.
In order not to make a mistake with the choice, you must first familiarize yourself with the varieties of pumping equipment and then make a choice. In order to avoid mistakes, it will be useful to consult experts who will not only help you choose the installation, but also give advice on operation.
When deciding to create a water supply system for a house from a well, serious attention needs to be paid to the issue of choosing suitable equipment. The quality and stability of the water supply system depends on the correctness of the decision - which is especially important for a residential cottage.
And first of all, this concerns the question of which pump is better to choose - since there are quite a lot of models now (not one or two hundred!), And it will be difficult to decide on an option to an uninformed buyer.
At the same time, a wrong decision can negatively affect the result - maybe the pressure will be weak, or maybe the pump will not be able to supply the right amount of water.
1 Design Features
Before proceeding to the analysis of characteristics, it is necessary to determine the principle of operation of the unit. The range of water pumps for the well is presented in two variations:
- Centrifugal - when water is pumped by a shaft with blades.
- Vibrating - when water is pumped due to the rapid and sharp pressure drop created due to vibration.
We will not consider in detail the arrangement of units, we will dwell only on the features of their operation. In terms of performance, design differences do not play a significant role, but with regards to the quality and safety of work - there is a nuance, and quite significant.
2 Selection by well parameters
In addition to the characteristics of the pump, it is also necessary to take into account the parameters of the well itself. It concerns the following factors:
- Borehole diameter.
- Depth of production.
- Debit.
This parameter is indicated in the passport of the well (unless, of course, the drilling was carried out by the profile organization). If necessary, you can independently measure.
Depending on this, the diameter of the pump itself is also chosen - the well models are distinguished by a compact body, however, some workings are very narrow, and the average version simply will not fit into the pipe. By the way, with regard to diameter - most models are designed for 4-inch workings (1 inch \u003d 2.54 cm).
Depth of production is a key parameter of any well. Unlike wells, in which water "stands" at a level of up to 10 meters, wells are deeper sources - some of them can be 40, 60, or even 100 meters or more deep.
Again - this parameter is indicated in the passport, but if necessary, you can measure it: lowering a dry cable or rope with a load tied to the end into the workout, and then measuring its length. Depending on the depth, a pump is also required.
Most models are designed to lift water from a depth of 70-80 meters, so if your source is deeper (say - 100 meters), then the device must be carefully selected.
The third parameter is the flow rate of the well - or its productivity. This value characterizes the amount of water that can be obtained from production. It is impossible to determine such an indicator in any way - since it is not constant, and can vary (depending on the time of year, weather, the presence / absence of other wells nearby and so on).
Approximately the flow rate is calculated by the following formula:
- it is determined how long the water can be completely pumped out of the well;
- it is determined how long the well will be completely filled with water again;
- the first number is divided by the second.
The result obtained will be an approximate production rate.
3 Pump selection
Well, the most important is the choice of parameters of the device itself. It is carried out, relying not only on the above values, but also on the needs of the family. Among the characteristics of the unit, the following parameters can be distinguished:
- Depth of liquid rise - is selected based on the depth of the well. In this case, it is advisable to take a model with a small margin (for example, if the depth of production is 90 meters, it is advisable to choose a device with maximum depth 100 meters).
- Pressure / pressure (measurement measure - meters / atmosphere) - is selected based on the distance from the water level to the extreme consumer.
- Unit productivity - it is calculated based on the flow rate of the well and the need of the house for water.
The first point is clear without further explanation: we measure the depth of the well, and select a model with suitable parameters - there are no subtleties.
But the two remaining parameters require more attention when choosing. The pressure of the model needs to be calculated, focusing on a number of nuances. In fact, for this you need to know only the distance (in meters) from the place of water intake (where the pump is located) and to the consumer farthest from it - the point of water intake.
In this case, the measurement is not carried out directly - by itself, which takes into account all bends and turns. The vertical distance is taken into account in a ratio of 1: 1 (i.e. to raise water to the second floor of the house - 3 meters - you need to add the same 3 meters to the calculated head), and the horizontal - in a ratio of 10: 1 (i.e. 100 meters pipeline lying on the ground \u003d 10 meters of pressure).
At the same time, again, it is required not to take a model that is exactly suitable on demand - it is better to have a margin (at least 10%).
3.1 Selection by manufacturer
Arriving at the store, you can see many water pumps for the well from a dozen manufacturers. It goes without saying that for an inexperienced buyer, brand names are unlikely to say much - there are too many of them now. Therefore, it is important to mention the most famous companies:
- Grundfos is an expensive, but high-quality and well-known brand. The price range is about one and a half (!) Times higher than the average. The number of models is more than 100.
- Gardena is a less expensive brand (but pricing is still above average). The selection of downhole models is small, the characteristics are within the average parameters.
- Marina is a mid-budget product that is notable for its good quality and durability.
- Pedrollo is another representative of the mid-price segment, which also has good quality. The number of models is more than 100.
- Aquario - similarly. The number of models is more than fifty.
- Aquarius is a quality product that costs slightly less than the above models on average. The choice, however, is substantially less - only about two dozen options.
- Gilex - likewise. The number of models is about 30.
The list of companies is far from complete - in fact, the number of well-known brands is about 2 times more (not taking into account less popular manufacturers). In this regard, you should focus on your own financial capabilities. It goes without saying that it is better to choose models from brands from the list above.
Finally, it is relevant to mention the reviews on the products of some manufacturers.
Artem K., 42 years old, Ryazan:
Having moved to the suburbs, I was faced with the need for a water supply. I didn’t decide which pumping station for the well it was for long: I read the reviews, compared the characteristics, and eventually acquired Grundfos. I decided that it’s better to overpay a few thousand rubles, but to take the best possible option.
Eugene, 39 years old, Murmansk:
The well was drilled about 5 years ago. Gileks worked for the first 3 years, but he accidentally noticed when lifting that the condition of the cable for the borehole pump was simply emergency. Well, the unit itself has been repaired (the filter is very clogged).
So I decided to try another option - I studied the reviews, and chose the Aquario station. While it works flawlessly, almost 2 years have passed.
The pump is the main component of the independent water supply of a private house. This equipment is the heart of the system, due to which well water is supplied to the consumer. That is why, in the process of arranging home water supply, the owners of the plots focus on which pump to choose for the well. Given the huge variety of types and models, making a choice that meets all the criteria is not so simple. In order to systematize and simplify some concepts, in this article we consider all types well pumps, their pros and cons, as well as independently calculate the technical characteristics for the operation of equipment in specific conditions.
The depth of the location of the water carrier, from which water is extracted for domestic needs, can be different - from 5 m and above. For example, deposits of artesian waters are usually located at a depth of 70-100 m. In this case, it is impossible to organize the supply of water without the use of powerful pumping equipment.
The choice of a pump for a well depends on several indicators, one of which is the placement method. Based on this, all downhole tools are divided into two groups:
- superficial;
- submersible.
It is impossible to say unequivocally which type is better, since each has its own characteristics that can be ideally suited for certain conditions and be completely useless in another situation. In any case, the right choice of the downhole pump should be based on specific criteria.
Surface and submersible pumping equipment for a well
Surface pumps
This type is very popular among summer residents and owners of small suburban areas. Surface models are easy to install and operate. In addition, they allow you to pump water not only from the well, but also from any other reservoir. Since the electric motor does not have reliable protection against moisture penetration, such a device should be installed on a dry surface or have a special platform underneath for placement on water.
Note. The choice of surface pump is usually applicable for wells of small depth (up to 9 meters), which is due to the physics of the process. To work at great depths, an external ejector is also used, which is placed directly in the aquatic environment.
According to the principle of action, surface aggregates are divided into:
- vortex;
- centrifugal;
- ejector.
Whirlwind
The most compact and affordable devices. Such equipment carries out the lifting of water using a rotating shaft, which is equipped with blades. Due to this, vortex devices are capable of creating a pressure 3-5 times higher than that of centrifugal devices. Low cost is explained by a rather low efficiency (about 45%). In addition, before choosing a borehole pump of this type, you should make sure that there are no impurities in the water, since it can only pump clean liquid.
The principle of the vortex pump
Centrifugal
The centrifugal pumping equipment is capable of pumping water with a small amount of impurities. In addition, it successfully copes with air congestion and bubbles formed in the system. Therefore, despite the higher price compared to vortex pumps, centrifugal type surface apparatuses are more popular with private homeowners in organizing autonomous water supply from a well or well.
Centrifugal pump design
Ejector
The use of a remote ejector, which is connected to a section of the pipeline immersed in water, can significantly reduce the intake point. For example, such a pump can be selected for a well with a depth of 20-30 meters. However, together with an increase in the depth of water intake, the efficiency of the device decreases (up to 30-35%). In addition, ejector units require the location of two pipes in the well at once, which imposes certain restrictions on the minimum diameter of the borehole.
The scheme of immersion of the ejector in the well
Submersible (deep) pumps
If the water mirror is at a depth of more than 9 m, then the optimal solution is to choose a deep well pump for the well. Such equipment is characterized by high performance and a relatively small case diameter.
Interesting to know. The diametric size of some models of submersibles is 3 inches (76.2 mm), which makes it possible to install them inside narrow casing pipes.
Today, the market offers a wide variety of modifications of deep units, which differ in overall dimensions, technical characteristics and cost. As for the principle of operation, the submersible pumps are divided into several types:
- screw;
- vibrating;
- centrifugal.
Screw
The design of screw devices consists of a rotor with a certain number of turns and a stator with internal thread. In the process of rotation of the rotor, the water rises along the spiral of the stator part, due to which pressure is created. This kind deep pump for a well, it has one definite advantage - the ability to pump water with many impurities. The tolerance of pollution is up to 20 kg per 1 m³. Therefore, we can say that submersible screw pumping equipment is primarily intended for dirty water.
Sectional screw (spiral) pump
Vibrating
The main element of this device is a core coil that is connected to a rubber diaphragm. As a result of the passage of alternating current through the coil, the diaphragm begins to vibrate at a high frequency, creating excessive pressure in the inlet pipe. Such devices are quite reliable and unpretentious in maintenance, besides they have a low cost. However, due to the creation of vibration in the water, they can contribute to the raising of sand from the bottom; therefore, it is recommended that vibration pumps be chosen for sandy wells.
The device of the vibrating apparatus
Centrifugal
The principle of operation of such equipment is based on the creation of centrifugal force during the rotation of the impeller located on the shaft. During the rotation of the shaft, the liquid rises along the walls of the spiral casing and is pushed out. The centrifugal unit has good performance and very high efficiency (up to 85%) with relatively small dimensions (from 3 inches), which made it the most popular device for use in deep wells small diameter.
Centrifugal Well Pump Diagram
Surface or submersible: which type is best for the well
To determine which pump to choose for a well - surface or submersible - we list the main advantages and disadvantages of each type.
Surface equipment:
- + Affordable cost for the average consumer.
- + Easy installation and convenient maintenance.
- + Ability to install in a dry enclosed space, which increases the lifetime.
- - Strict depth limit (up to 9 m).
- - High noise level during operation.
- - Low productivity in comparison with deep units.
Submersible equipment:
- + Ability to operate at any depth.
- + No noise.
- + High performance.
- - Arranging a local water supply based on a deep pump will cost 2 times more than organizing a surface system.
- - The complexity of mounting / dismounting.
- - Possible wedge apparatus in the well.
In most cases, the question of which well pump to choose comes down to the depth of the source. For wells or shallow wells, the best choice is to equip the pumping equipment on the surface or in a separate room, for example, in the basement. If the water mirror is below 9 m, submersibles are used. Of course, in such a situation, you can use an ejector for a surface pump, but this does not make much sense. Firstly, this is unnecessary costs, and secondly, the performance of deep devices is much higher.
Each type of pumping equipment is optimal for specific conditions.
Selection of a borehole pump according to technical parameters
To choose the right pump for the well, just knowing about the types of devices is not enough. When selecting a specific model, it is necessary to pay attention to some technical parameters.
- Water level. This characteristic can be considered key, since all devices are designed for a certain depth. If the real water level is lower than the passport data of the pump, then it either will not be able to provide water intake, or will quickly fail.
Important. You need to navigate by the dynamic water level in the well, determined during the operation of pumping equipment.
- Diameter of casing. This parameter is important when choosing a downhole pump for a well that goes directly inside the structure. It is necessary to select such dimensions so that the apparatus moves freely inside the pipe without the risk of a wedge.
- Water consumption. Depending on this indicator, the productivity of pumping equipment is calculated. The calculation is based on the number of people living and consumption points.
- Well production rate. When choosing a capacity, one should take into account the volume of water in the source itself and how quickly it resumes. Too powerful a unit can quickly empty a well and leave the area without water for some time.
Performance calculation example
The choice of pump performance for the well is based on the calculation of total water consumption. To do this, use the following table:
Consumption table for sanitary water consumers
To find out the total consumption, it is necessary to summarize the indicators of all the points of drawdown. For example, if there are two washbasins with a water tap in the house, a bathtub with a faucet, a toilet bowl with a flush tank, a washing machine and an irrigation tap is used on the site, then the calculations will be as follows:
0.1 + 0.1 + 0.25 + 0.1 + 0.25 + 0.3 \u003d 1.1 l / s
However, this is not all. The likelihood that all water separation points will be involved simultaneously is small. Therefore, the result obtained must be multiplied by a correction factor, which depends on the number of people living and on average (for 2-3 people) is 0.5. Thus,
1.1 x 0.5 \u003d 0.55 l / s (or 1.98 m³ / h) - a supply pump to ensure the normal water supply of this house.
Browse Popular Models
When buying equipment for domestic needs, the buyer very often faces the dilemma of which brand / company to choose a well pump. Below is a list of the most popular models that have proven successful during operation in systems autonomous water supply.
The choice of pumping units is quite wide and diverse.
- BELAMOSTF3. A budget model with a flow rate of 3.3 m³ / h and a maximum immersion depth of 30 m. The single-phase motor is well insulated from water, and the impellers from the technopolymer allow pumping out liquid with sand content within 150 g / m³.
Important. When installing a submersible pump, make sure that the inlet pipe is located at least half a meter from the bottom, while the housing must be completely immersed in water.
- GRUNDFOSSQE. High quality equipment of this manufacturer is known to many. Among the main advantages: built-in protection against dry running, power surges and overheating, good pressure (up to 100 m), high efficiency, wear resistance.
- UNIPUMPMINI. One of the main advantages of the models of this series is compactness, which allows you to equip wells with a trunk diameter of 85 mm. The floating impeller design prevents the pump from jamming if coarse sand gets inside.
- AQUARIUS. The dimensions of this unit contribute to its placement in borehole structures with a diameter of 100 mm or more. Productivity1.8m³ / h will provide water vacation home medium size. If you need to choose a pump for a well 40-50 m deep, this is a good option.
- JILEX A WATERWATER. Pumping equipment of this series is silent, has a minimum level of vibration and is made of reliable materials. At the entrance, a mesh filter is installed with cells of 1.5x1.5 mm, which prevents sand from entering the system. "Vodomet" is characterized by high efficiency and a long period of operation.
The pump "Dzhileks Vodomet" is often used to organize independent water supply in suburban areas
So, we examined the main nuances of the right choice of pump for the well. You can only take advantage of the advice provided and purchase the device that is optimal in terms of its characteristics for its conditions. Do not forget that in case of any difficulties during the installation of equipment - you can always use the services of specialists.
Private houses remote from the city are most often not connected to the water supply system. The only way out in this situation is the arrangement of a well or well. But for water to enter the house, a pump installation is necessary. By design, they can be submersible and superficial, but each of them has its own advantages and disadvantages. Therefore, it is extremely important to know which pump is best for the well to choose.
Surface devices are designed for wells and boreholes with shallow depth. To the surface of the water should not be more than 8-9 m. For wells with greater depth, submersible pumps are installed, so they are also called deep ones in another way.
Surface devices are placed outside the well. Thanks to what they are easy and convenient to serve. Often they are installed together with an accumulating tank to stabilize the pressure in the system. But because the surface pump works outside the well, it makes a lot of noise and also takes up space. As a result, it is necessary to equip an area for it and build a building to absorb sounds. Since the pump is out of the water, its motor is not cooled by it.
The layout of the internal and external pumps for the well
Submersible devices are divided into several types:
- vortex;
- screw;
- vibrating;
- centrifugal.
Vortex pumps have one impeller. It draws water into the inside and pushes into the outside, due to which a vortex appears. As water passes through the wheel, its speed and pressure increase. The design of these pumps is simple, so they have a low price. But because of this, they have low efficiency and are unable to work with liquids in which there is sand or other similar impurities, as this leads to rapid wear of the device.
Vortex pump device
The main working element of a screw device is a screw (auger). Water getting inside the pump is gradually pumped by the screw, as a result, pressure appears and the liquid is forced out. As well as a vortex device, the screw has a simple design and a low price. Recommended for use in wells with low flow rate. But compared to a vortex pump, a screw pump is more resistant to impurities in water.
The scheme of the screw pump
Vibrating or centrifugal
The vibration device is capable of pumping water from wells up to 40 m deep. They have a simple design and a relatively low price. The vibration pump does not require constant maintenance, and has a small weight and dimensions. But he is unable to work for a long time, and can also give out not enough strong pressure. The main drawback is that due to vibration, the walls of the well are destroyed, and it gradually falls asleep.
The scheme of the vibrating pump
A centrifugal pump, unlike a vibration pump, works without damage to the walls of the well and does not make noise. There is also a large selection of devices of this type with different characteristics.
The impeller of a centrifugal pump consists of a front and rear discs, and between them there are blades directed in the opposite direction of its movement. It is on the number of these wheels that the pressure head depends, the more there are, the higher it is. therefore centrifugal pumps have different heights.
Note! Unlike all previous devices, centrifugal pumps are able to work for a long time, and they are also more energy efficient.
The principle of operation of a centrifugal pump
Top Submersible Pumps
Aquarius BTsPE 0.5-32U
Product Features:
- weight - 11 kg;
- head - 47 m;
- rated power - 820 watts.
The pump can only work with clean water and temperatures up to + 35 ° C. Installed vertically, outlet diameter 1 ″. Additionally, the device is equipped with overheat protection and soft start. The submersible pump Aquarius BTsPE 0.5-32U works silently and has a long cable. The top cover is made of metal, not plastic like many other devices. The starting capacitor is remote and is in the box. In the event of a breakdown, it can be replaced.
The disadvantages of the pump include the dependence on the voltage in the network, so it is recommended to install an additional voltage stabilizer. Since in the case of its decrease, the pressure decreases.
Judging by user reviews, the Aquarius Submersible Pump BTsPE 0.5-32U is a reliable device and is capable of working for a long time.
Grundfos SQ 2-55
Pump specifications:
- weight - 5.2 kg;
- head - 68 m;
- rated power - 1020 watts.
The device is recommended for pumping clean water without impurities. The diameter of the outlet is 1 ". The cable length is 1.5 m. The pump can be installed both horizontally and vertically. In addition to a soft start and protection against overheating, there is a function for monitoring the water level. The engine works the same way as the previous device, silently.
The Grundfos SQ 2-55 pump is made in Denmark, therefore it has the high quality of all parts and is reliable in operation. The only drawback is the very short cable.
Gileks Vodomet PROF 55/75 House
Device Parameters:
- immersion depth - 30 m;
- head - 75 m;
- power consumption - 880 W;
- there is protection against overheating.
The diameter of the outlet is 1 ″, the cable length is 30 m. The pump can only be installed in an upright position. Shut-off valves, a control panel and a hydraulic accumulator are included with the pump.
Pump Dzhileks Vodomet PROF 55/75 The house works silently and perfectly keeps a pressure. The control panel is simple and intuitive.
Belamos TF3-150
Device Parameters:
- immersion depth - 80 m;
- head - 150 m;
- power consumption - 1600 watts.
The diameter of the outlet is 1 ". The cable length is 80 m. The device is mounted only in an upright position.
The Belamos TF 3-150 pump can pump water containing not more than 180 g in m 3 of sand. Provides a constant and stable pressure.
Top surface pumps
Marina CAM 80 / PA
Surface Pump Specifications:
- suction depth 8 m;
- head - 42 m;
- weight - 7.2 kg.
The Marina CAM 80 / PA operates silently and is additionally equipped with a water control sensor. Installation is carried out only in horizontal position. The diameter of the hole is 1 ″.
The Marina CAM 80 / PA pump delivers a stable head.
Note! Among users, it is often used to pump initial water from a well with a high content of impurities.
Grundfos MQ3-35
The maximum pressure of the device is 33.8 m, the suction depth is not more than 8 m. The pump is installed horizontally and weighs about 13 kg. Equipped with a sensor that controls the water level, protection against overheating, as well as an additional function to increase pressure.
Most users are satisfied with this model, since it does not require maintenance for a long time and produces a constant and stable pressure.
The main disadvantages are a short cord 2 m long and a lot of weight. The device makes more noise than specified by the manufacturer. It is recommended for pumping out only pure water, without impurities, since otherwise the parts wear out within one or two years, which leads to a pump breakdown.
Jilex jumbo
Model 70/50 Ch-24 is installed in a horizontal position. The maximum pressure is 45 m. The cord length is 1.5 m. The device is equipped with a 24-liter hydraulic tank and is fully automated. The body is made of cast iron and has small dimensions. Pressure setting possible. All parts and connections are made with high quality and without backlash.
The main drawback of the 70/50 Ch-24 Gileks Jumbo model is that the pump does not have dry running protection, as well as a short cable.
Whirlwind PN-1100N
The centrifugal pump of this model is designed for horizontal installation. The maximum head output is 50 m, the suction depth is 9 m. The engine runs quietly, the housing is made of stainless steel and has a light weight. The pump is recommended for use with clean water only.
During operation of the pump, make sure that it does not run dry, since the device is not equipped with a water control sensor.
Wilo PW-175EA
The maximum discharge head with this pump is 35 m with a suction depth of 8 m. Like the previous model of the surface device, it is installed horizontally. The Wilo PW-175EA pump is equipped with overheating sensors and is compact in size. Power consumption 125 watts. The device is assembled reliably and efficiently, it works quietly.
The only drawback identified by users is that after a long period of inactivity, it may be necessary to push the impeller for the first start (with a screwdriver).
NeoClima GP 600/20 N
The pump can operate with a suction depth of up to 8 m. The maximum head output is 35 m. Power consumption is 600 watts. The device is equipped with an overheat function. It is equipped with a hydraulic tank with a volume of 20 liters. Recommended for pumping out only clean water.
The pump housing is made of stainless steel. The engine runs silently.
Note! Although the device is made in China, all the parts are made and connected in a quality manner.
Judging by the feedback from users, it may be necessary to adjust the pressure switch, otherwise the pump will not turn off.
When choosing a pump, devices with a steel or cast-iron housing should be preferred, as they are more durable. To prevent the device from breaking due to power surges, it is recommended to install a surge protection. To prevent work items from wearing out too quickly, filters should be installed.
To protect the pump from overheating and dry running, it is better to install sensors if they are not equipped with them in advance. When calculating power, you should choose a device 20% more powerful so that it does not constantly work at maximum loads, as this will quickly lead to its breakdown.
Drilling a well in itself does not at all mean a complete solution to the problem of water supply at home. Even if you are very lucky, and a good artesian well has a certain pressure of water that raises it to the surface, it will obviously not be enough for the functioning of an autonomous water supply system. In addition to the fact that the pressure of the water column must ensure the passage of fluid through all the vertical and horizontal communication sections, it is necessary to create a mandatory reserve of at least 2.5 atmospheres so that all household appliances (water heaters, boilers, washing machines and dishwashers, etc. .) worked correctly. Be that as it may, a pump is indispensable.
Before choosing a pump for a well, you need to get a certain idea of \u200b\u200bthe variety of similar equipment, its design and operational features, evaluation criteria for the models offered for sale. It will be a shame to purchase a pump that simply can not cope with the duties assigned to it. Probably no less unpleasant will be the situation when acquired absolutely unnecessary A “sophisticated” model, the functionality of which remains simply unclaimed. And in that, and in another case, it is - wasted money. In a word, you need to go to the store with a clear idea of \u200b\u200bwhich pump will be optimal in a particular situation.
To begin with, it is worthwhile to understand what borehole pumps are. First of all, they can be divided into two large groups - surface and submersible.
The name itself speaks for itself - such an installation for pumping water is installed outside the well, on the surface of the earth, and is connected to the water horizon by pipes or flexible hoses.
It would seem that such a circuit has much more advantages - the mechanisms are always in sight, easily amenable to monitoring and periodic maintenance, there is no need to stretch long power cables to the water intake point, worrying about the quality of the insulation of the wires. Installations - under supervision or located in locked rooms, that is, the probability of their theft by attackers is significantly reduced.
However, the surface layout of the installation is fraught with many disadvantages. First of all, these are much more modest indicators for the created water pressure - they are simply incomparable with similar parameters of submersible pumps. In addition, one can not exclude the noise factor - the installation of pumping equipment in the house is likely to require a separate room.
What types of pumps can be classified as surface pumps:
Hand pumps
The mention of the hand-operated column pumps that everyone knows from childhood will probably cause a smile, but meanwhile they are still actively used and, most likely, they still have a future. Not in all situations a constant inflow of water is necessary - there is enough possibility of one-time collection (for example, collective use points - in settlements, garden associations, garages, etc.). It is for such cases that hand pumps are used, which are characterized by extreme simplicity and reliability.
Manual column - such pumps still have not lost their relevance
Their working scheme is simple - a piston, a cylinder and two valves, air and water, operating in antiphase. Muscular effort is transmitted through the lever to the suction mechanism, which allows you to draw the right amount of water.
No dependence on the energy source - often this is the only possible option for organizing irrigation in suburban garden plots, where electricity has not yet been supplied. It is only necessary to drill a not very deep and laborious Abyssinian well. Set such a column - and the issue will be resolved. Often such a pump is also installed in a common system with an electric one, through a tee, with the ability to switch as needed - there will always be a backup water source in case of problems with power supply.
The manual column can be mounted directly on the well (in the case of the Abyssinian well), or have a pipe descending into the thickness of the water horizon.
Self-priming surface pumps
All other pumps discussed in this publication will be electric. In fairness, it can be noted that there are also actively used pumping units with a power plant based on engines internal combustion, the so-called motor pumps, but they do not have, most often, pronounced domestic use.
So, family reviewsuperficial electric pumpsthat are designed to draw water from a well is worth starting with the simplest self-priming systems.
The casing of such pumps never comes into external contact with water and does not need special protection, which greatly simplifies their design. They are connected to the water source by sleeves or pipes installed stationary, while a check valve is a prerequisite - with "airing" they simply can not cope with the task.
The drive cooling system is not provided for them, and this is their weak point - with an oversight, there is a high probability of overheating. The design has no special difficulties, control mechanisms and control - only inclusion and engine shutdown. Thus, in order to organize an automatic control system for the operation of the water supply system, additional equipment will inevitably be required.
Similar pumps do not differ high operational indicators. The average level of water pressure created by them does not usually exceed 8 ÷ 10 meters, which will obviously be insufficient for organizing a home water supply network. In the best case, they can be applied to the simplest home water supply system - with filling the storage tank installed in the upper part of the building, from which water flows to the distribution points without pressure, by gravity.
In a word, although it is inexpensive, it is far from the best option for providing water for a house. The scope of such pumps in private home ownership is rather the organization of a temporary irrigation system for a site from a well or natural reservoir.
Home Pumping Stations
This technique is already much more serious, as it is adapted specifically for the tasks of organizing autonomous water supply in a residential building. Besides self primingpump the station is necessarily equipped gyro accumulator - a membrane tank of a certain capacity, which will constantly maintain the required pressure in the home water supply network.
On this basis, control devices and control mechanisms are included in the general design of such stations, including a drive when the pressure drops in the system to replenish the water supply, and turn off the power when the desired pressure level is reached.
The main problems still remain unresolved - high noise and insufficient productivity of the pumping part of the station, which does not allow lifting water from significant depths - use is limited to a fence from Abyssinian or sand wells up to 10 meters deep.
More modern models are also available, with fully electronic control and the ability to program some operational parameters. Such pumping stations can be enclosed in a polymer case, which partly solves the problems of increased noise and vibration.
Pump stations with an ejector (injector)
But what if you still need to install a surface pump, but the depth of the intake is from 10 to 25 meters? There is a solution - in this case, self-priming pumping stations equipped with an ejector (external) or injection (built-in) mechanism will help.
In this case, an additional water circuit is formed in the water intake system with a pipe of a smaller cross-section through which liquid is pumped at high speed. The vacuum created by it in the ejector creates additional pressure in the main intake pipe.
This leads to an increase in pressure - such installations can already work at considerable depths. True, this leads to a general decrease in the productivity of the pump itself, since part of the water is sent back for circulation along the ejector circuit. But the "golden mean", which suits both the created water column and the productivity, can often be selected.
Another big minus - such pumping stations are even more noisy than conventional self-priming ones, that is, they will definitely require soundproof premises.
If this option is also unacceptable, there is nothing left but to choose a pump for a submersible well.
Video: device and operation of the pumping station
Submersible pumps
The main feature of such pumps is already stipulated in their name - they are always located in the water column (in a well or in a well) and are connected to a water analysis system of pipes and hoses. Power is supplied to them through a long, well-insulated cable.
The scheme of their installation determines their characteristic structural features. They always have a reliable waterproof metal case, made of corrosion-resistant alloys, with effective waterproofing of detachable parts and assemblies. There is always a hooking device for attaching a safety cable, on which the pump lowers to the water intake.
The vast majority of pumps are equipped with built-in filters (grids) to prevent ingress into the mechanism and pipes of solid suspensions of an unacceptable size for this model. Many pumps, in addition, also have a built-in check valve, which greatly simplifies its installation in the home water supply system. If it is not, then a special threaded connection is usually provided for installing the valve device
The advantages of submersible pumps are many. These include:
- Quiet operation - sound vibrations are damped by a layer of water.
- Such mechanisms are not afraid of thermal drops or freezing - the same temperature is almost always maintained in the aquifer of a well.
- At the same time, they are not afraid of overheating - the water pumped through them effectively cools the working units.
- Such pumps have much higher performance and created head. Some models of submersible pumps (deep) can lift water to a height of 100 meters or more.
The disadvantages are as follows:
- Certain difficulties with the installation of such equipment, often requiring the involvement of specialists.
- The need to lay a high-quality safe power line, sometimes over fairly considerable distances.
- Difficulties with monitoring the operation of the equipment, with carrying out preventive or repair work, requiring each time removing the pump from the well.
The vast majority of submersible borehole pumps has a characteristic cylindrical shape, representing a metal column with a height of half a meter to 2, 5 m. but according to the principle of action, they can vary significantly.
Vibratory submersible pumps
Uncomplicated in their construction, reliable, inexpensive, these pumps have gained very wide popularity among owners of country houses. They cannot boast of great productivity, but for domestic and garden needs it is often quite enough.
The principle of operation is as follows. The electric current passing through the windings of the coil causes a periodic, with a certain frequency, attraction of the armature to which a membrane (diaphragm) and a piston are connected through the rod. The rapid reciprocating movements of this mechanism create a vacuum in the working cylinder, and water through the valve system is sucked from the well into the pump itself and transmitted through the outlet to the consumption points. The absence of rotating assemblies determines the high mechanical reliability of the pump, and the simplicity of the electrical circuit, completely filled with a waterproof compound, guarantees its long-term trouble-free and safe operation.
Some models vibrating pumps able to create a water column of 20 and even more meters. The pump is lightweight, it can well be lowered into the well even on a nylon cord. They have minimal power consumption. All this — pronounced benefits such devices
The disadvantages of such mechanisms are, and very significant. Such pumps are quite noisy, but the main thing is that the vibration waves created by them can eventually lead to the destruction of the wellbore or erosion of the clay bottom and walls, rather rapid siltation of the aquifer. It is recommended to use such pumps exclusively in sand wells, with certain precautions, in order to prevent excessive turbidity of the water and the ingress of sand into the water intake openings. Ideally, they are more suitable for wells dressed in concrete rings, and for the well it will be wiser to choose a pump of a different principle of action.
The diagram of the distribution of water pressure in the working chamber
As a result, a significant pressure difference is created - from rarefaction in the region of the axis of rotation (blue region) to high - to the edges of the blades (in the figure - a gradual transition to red). This ensures a constant flow of water from the supply pipe, and the required pressure at the outlet.
A similar operation scheme is used in most surface pumps, but there the required parameters of the outlet pressure can be achieved by increasing the diameter of the working chamber. In borehole pumps, where dimensions are strictly limited, this issue is resolved differently. Achieving high values \u200b\u200bof the water column occurs by sequentially installing several chambers on the same drive axis.
The water pressure created by one chamber is a kind of "support" for the subsequent - and so on. As a result, the output pressure is the sum of the total effort of all impellers.
The number of working chambers determines the total height of the "column" of the pump
The number of chambers can be different - from two to three, or even up to several dozen - this determines the height of the "column" of a submersible well pump and its operational characteristics.
This scheme is fully justified - such pumps are capable of lifting water from very great depths. their advantages also include quiet operation, the absence of significant vibrations, a wide selection in a wide range of the created water column and productivity.
The main disadvantages are the complexity of the installation, especially in deep wells, the need for fairly frequent maintenance, and a considerable cost.
Video: modern borehole centrifugal pumps
Screw pumps
Screw type borehole pumps are not widely used, but are nonetheless commercially available.
Their working part consists of two main parts.
A rotor of a complex spiral shape is eccentrically mounted on the electric drive shaft. It rotates in the stator cavity, which also has complex geometry with one or two spiral passes. The stator housing is usually made of elastomer - rubber, which ensures a snug fit of the rotor loops. Thus, a certain number of cavities filled with water is always present in the working cylinder of the pump. During rotation, the screw pr pushes these volumes from the inlet to the outlet. The total volume of fluid in the cylinder never changes, which allows you to maintain an even steady pressure of the water column.
Such pumps can easily cope even with high viscosity fluids, which determines their prevalence in a production environment. However, there are also models for lifting water from wells.
The scheme of such pumps is effective - they are able to lift water from considerable depths, about 40 — 50 meters. However, the presence of units with increased friction quickly leads to their wear, which requires regular maintenance with the replacement of parts. That which is quite acceptable and justified under production conditions will bring a lot of trouble with the private use of such equipment.
Vortex pumps
Another scheme that is used in both surface and submersible pumps. Special wheel shape
The impeller of a special shape creates not only centrifugal acceleration, but also a turbulent fluid flow
The advantages of such a scheme are high performance, low noise, and relative simplicity of the device, which also determines a lower price compared to centrifugal devices of the same power.
Pumps are not afraid of "airing" - in principle, they can even be used for pumping gas liquid variances.
However, significant drawbacks - low durability and special requirements for the purity of pumped water, seriously limit the widespread use of vortex pumps - they clearly lose out by centrifugal pumps.
What criteria should be followed when choosing a pump
So, what parameters, in addition to the pump operation principle, should be evaluated when choosing it:
- Supply voltage and power consumption. If everything is clear with the first value - as a rule, all household-level downhole pumps are powered from 220 V, then the issue is special, since it corresponds to the existing capabilities of the power supply network, installed valves (automatic, RCD) and cable part. Important addition - some pumps (in particular centrifugal) They don’t like power surges, so you may need to install an additional stabilizer.
- Maximum head (water column height) - the parameter will be specified without fail in the technical documentation of the product .. This value not only indicates the possibility of lifting water from a certain depth - water needs to be pumped through the home water pipe system, pumped into the accumulator, or create the necessary excess pressure and have at least another 10% reserve. This issue should be considered in more detail.
There are special methods for calculating the required pump head, which carefully take into account the diameters and material of the pipes, the number of bends, taps, valves, valves, tees, filtering devices along the route of water from the well to the final consumption points. You can give fairly large tables and complex formulas that are used by specialists.
However, when calculating the pump for a standard water supply network of a private house, a simplified method can be dispensed with. The result, even if it differs from that obtained by a professional method, is then an error that is completely permissible under such conditions.
When calculating, you can focus on the following simplified values. 10 meters of water is 1 atmosphere. In terms of pressure loss, 1 meter of the vertical section corresponds to about 10 meters of the horizontal part of the pipeline for plastic pipes with a diameter of 1 inch, 7 meters for pipes ¾ inches, and 4 meters for distributions of ½ inch. With larger diameters, the resistance of the pipes is so insignificant that it can be ignored. All these values \u200b\u200balready take sufficiently into account the presence of turns, cranes, etc. If old steel pipes are used in the home wiring, then their hydraulic resistance parameters are significantly higher, and these values \u200b\u200bshould be reduced by one and a half times (6.7 m - 1 ″, 4.7 m - ¾ "and 2.7 - ½") .
1. So, the first case is if the water supply system of the house is powered from the storage tank.
In this case, the pump needs to create pressure to overcome the height of the water rise, the horizontal section from the well to the accumulator and create an excess pressure at its inlet, which should not be lower than the threshold for its operation to turn off the pump (usually this value lies in the range 3 ÷ 4, 5 atmospheres). For fidelity, a 10% reserve should also be added to this so that the pump does not work at the limit of its capabilities.
Below is a calculator that will help you quickly calculate the required pump head when using a pressure storage tank.
