Deep well pump for connection diagram. Choosing automation for controlling a well pump
Organization of a water supply system in country house has significant differences from the city. Here, the main source of life-giving moisture is a well, the depth of which can reach several tens of meters. And in order for water from it to enter the pipes, it is necessary to use a water-lifting mechanism. However, its work is controlled by a special automation unit, the main purpose of which is to control the pump. Consider the principles of operation of such equipment.
Scope of automation for pumps
When planning to organize the supply of water from an underground source, you need to carefully approach the selection of equipment. After all, it is the heart of an autonomous water supply system. It is important to choose not only the pump, but also the automation unit for it. This will help protect the electric motor of the unit from various emergency situations leading to breakdowns and ensure its effective use.
Most widely, such systems are used in suburban cottage villagesto which centralized communication networks are not connected.
What is meant by automation systems
In this case, this concept means a set of different devices whose task is to keep the electric motor in working condition and protect it from emergency situations.
Most often, the control unit includes the following elements:
- Command relays;
- Protection devices against various types of breakdowns.
Among the various work management schemes well pumps the most common are two.
They monitor according to the following parameters:
- Liquid level in the storage tank;
- The pressure in the pipes of an autonomous water supply system.
The first control automation scheme is used when a downhole pump is used to fill the storage tank. From it, water is supplied to the consumer using units of the second rise. This scheme also finds application in pump operation in systems with water towers.
Unit control in the case of using the second method is carried out by commands from the pressure switch, which is located on the pipeline. At the same time, two pressure values \u200b\u200bare set on it: turning the pump on and off. This scheme is most often used for wells located on personal plots and equipped with membrane tanks.
The need to control pumps - how is it justified
For an autonomous water supply system to work efficiently and without failures, its proper organization is necessary. But the pump located in the well is capable of performing only one task - raising water. And since this mode of operation is only necessary when pumping the well, it is necessary to install equipment that can control the flow of water. It is impossible to do this manually, but the well pump control unit can cope with such a task very easily. In this case, the operation of the equipment is based on feedback.
We look at the scheme of work on the example of automation products Grundfos:
Based on the given parameters, the automation unit makes adjustments to the pump. That is, when the pressure in the system decreases, caused by a large flow of water, the information goes to the control elements, and they include pumping. But so that this process does not repeat every time the crane is turned on, the system is equipped with a receiver. It provides a smooth start and thereby saves the resource of the pumping mechanism.
Different types of cabinets
The cabinet for controlling the pump, in addition to controlling its operation, also provides protection. Typically, in such units there are several fuses that allow you to avoid equipment failure even at the maximum permissible load level. Among the most common causes of breakdowns are:
- Power surges;
- Engine operation for a long time in intensive mode;
- The operation of the mechanism without water.
To eliminate them, special devices are used. So, to stabilize the voltage in the network, relays are used, which, during surges, simply disconnects the unit. If the pump control cabinet is used in an industrial facility, then a current stabilizer can be used. However, the use of such equipment is very costly.
Thermal current relays save from motor overheating. They are customizable. pumping equipment.
Dry run protection is built into the unit itself. She turns off the pump as soon as the flow part starts to function idle.
Usually, all of the above mechanisms are assembled on the basis of printed circuit boards or microprocessors. Moreover, the latest systems are considered more reliable, but have several drawbacks:
- Must be configured by professionals;
- Have a higher cost.
Installation work
Connecting the downhole pump control cabinet is not a difficult task. However, in its implementation it is necessary to take into account some nuances. So devices of the first generation should be located rarely. Only pressure switches are mounted separately, since they are not included in the package of the automation system and are bought separately.
Watch the video, the selection and installation:
As for the installation of float switches and protection against dry running, then usually these elements are built in at the very first stage when assembling the pump unit. Sometimes they are connected immediately before immersion in the well. In this case, the installation process consists in connecting the necessary terminals and their mandatory sealing.
The pressure switch is located on the accumulator. It is pre-adjusted by rotating the adjusting nuts. One of them allows you to set the upper limit, and the second - the pressure difference.
Stages of connecting the automation unit
After all the equipment is purchased and configured, proceed to its assembly. This process consists of the following steps:
- System assembly;
- Accumulator settings;
- Pressure switch mounts;
- Connections of all elements;
- Connect the unit to a power source.
After the installation is completed, proceed to configure the relay. First, the upper and lower positions are set, and then the difference between them. Next, we begin testing the system. If necessary, some elements are retuned.
However, despite the apparent simplicity of installation and adjustment of the well pump control station, experts do not recommend installing automation units on their own. This is due to the high complexity of the devices and the need to connect a large number of sensors. Therefore, it is better to entrust such work to specialists.
Conclusion
Well automation makes it possible to optimize all processes of pumping equipment. At the same time, not only the wear of the lifting mechanisms is reduced, but also the energy consumption is significantly reduced.
However, to achieve such results is possible only if a thorough approach to the selection of equipment and the correct implementation of installation work. Today on the market such devices are presented in three generations. Devices related to the first of them are considered the simplest and can be installed independently. But the automation units of the second and third generation are more complex and only professionals can perform their connection
Even the simplest water supply system, consisting of a pump, a hydraulic tank and a pair of valves, can not do without at least a simple automation that controls the operation of all elements and provides protection against failure. As the design of the pumps becomes more expensive and more complicated, it is necessary to use more and more “smart” and reliable automation for the pump, the production of which is gradually taking shape in a separate independent direction.
What includes automation for a borehole pump
In addition to electric motor control functions, several additional tasks are entrusted to automation, this is protection and prevention of the consequences of pump acceleration in the absence of water and prevention of possible problems in the electrical circuits of induction motors.
The system of automatic on-off and protection includes:
- A pressure switch or similar device designed to start the motor when the pressure in the water supply system drops to a minimum level and turns off after the pressure rises to the operating value;
- Automatic engine protection device from destructive mode without water in the pumping part of the unit;
- Protection of motor windings from overheating of windings and phase imbalance of the mains.
For your information! All automation elements for the pump can be divided into three groups - for systems with a hydraulic accumulator, without it, and universal protective devices.
Modern automation systems for submersible pumps
Today, independently of each other, three generations of automation systems are successfully operated:
- The most simple and affordable self-service mechanical automation for the pump;
- The second generation, more advanced electromechanical control and protection systems for critical elements. Now it is the most popular and modern version of connecting the pump to automation;
- Electronic devices based on microchips, digital technology and the pulse method of controlling the operation of the engine of a pumping unit.
For your information! The latest generation is mainly used on expensive models. submersible pumps with frequency control of engine revolutions.
Submersible pump automation with hydraulic accumulator
The most famous automation system that provides trouble-free connection of a borehole pump is a pressure switch. Very simple and straightforward, it allows you to operate the pump for a long time and reliably, while it does not matter where the unit is located - on the surface or in the well. The relay design is a simple “rocker” with a membrane and two springs. To establish and adjust such automation could any person more or less familiar with the technology.
Due to the relatively low accuracy and high inertia of the membrane, the automation relay only worked in tandem with the accumulator.
Some designs of the pressure switch had a lever - a dry-running sensor. If water was lost during the operation of the pump unit, the pressure dropped sharply, and the compression of the main spring opened the power supply contact. Such automation did not have electrical working elements, therefore it worked very reliably, but only on relatively clean sand and suspended water. About once every six months, the pressure switch had to be adjusted, and if clogged, it was necessary to disassemble and clean.
The correct and instantaneous operation of the automation protection when the pump is running on dry run was of fundamental importance for centrifugal pumpssuch as "Aquarius" or "Water cannon", as part of the bearing assembly and rubber shaft seals were cooled by running water. And with the accumulation of dirt inside the membrane, the pressure switch had to set and adjust the thresholds for the automation more and more often.
A submersible well pump usually had an additional float sensor that responds to a drop in water level below a critical level. The float did not always adequately reflect the water level, and due to the constant presence in well water, it could lose buoyancy. Therefore, it was necessary to install an additional foam block, but the accuracy and speed of response was still low.
Expensive models of German and Italian submersible and surface pumps had built-in sensors for vacuum or pressure reduction on the suction path, operating on the principle of a vacuum circuit breaker mounted on a water pump. With normal water intake, the pressure in the suction tract was significantly less than the ambient pressure. If air was drawn into the pump inlet, the automation diaphragm opened the equipment power supply.
Today, most often they use ready-made prefabricated automation systems, such as Jilex Crab. They are designed taking into account the shortcomings of the old automation elements. Instead of several separate units and relays, Gileks offers a ready-made unit that you just need to install on a submersible or surface pump.
The usual pressure switches are replaced by newer and more reliable automation units of the type Aquareobot Turbipress, a unit manufactured by UniPump, most often used on pumps of the Aquarius type. The dry-running sensor, electrical contact switch and pressure indicator are assembled in one housing. The device is used on any submersible and surface pumping systems only complete with a hydraulic accumulator.
The electrical circuit diagram shows how complicated the control electronics and the principle of operation are, but installing the device on the pump remains relatively simple and affordable to do it yourself.
Important! When installed on a pump, such an automation unit must be equipped with a check valve.
Automation for work without accumulator
A new generation of control devices, automation and protection of water supply systems is focused on the installation and use of pumping units in the water supply system without accumulators. There were many reasons for abandoning the hydraulic tank, for example, a weak initial pressure head when opening the tap, the appearance of rubber odor in the water, and the need for periodic adjustments. Therefore, for the supply of two-story cottages with a large number of water consumption points, manufacturers have proposed a more modern version of pump control.
The basis of the second generation automation system is made up of two fundamentally new devices - a flow sensor and press control.
Structurally, both elements can be combined into one automation unit or made in the form of independent devices. The pressure sensor or press control sensor is set to normal pressure in the water supply. When the tap is opened, the automation switches on the pump and adjusts its performance according to the readings of the water flow sensor. In this case, the automation supplies as much water as it flows through the tap. The unit is equipped with a full-fledged microprocessor board that allows you to accurately control the flow and pressure of water.
One of the typical options for pump automation is the production of the ItalTecnica concern model Brio TOP. Electronics is equipped with protection against power surges and water pressure, dry running, which allows you to count on the long life of this automation. The modern unit has a very high flexibility of settings and operating modes. For example, you can set a time delay of 10-15 seconds between opening the tap and starting the engine, programmatically set the "emergency" mode, which will block the water supply in the event of an emergency breakthrough of the water supply.
The features of this unit include the ability to work both with the hydraulic tank and without it. Installation of "Brio TOP" is very simple, it is enough to "embed" the unit into the water pipe between the pump and consumers, as in the diagram.
For the simplest and most affordable vibrational models of submersible pumps, automation units of the Pampela ViStan-3 type are produced. This electronic unit is designed for the most comfortable control of pumps of the type "Kid" or "Aquarius-3". Just like in the case of “Brio TOP”, the automation allows you to smoothly control the start of the vibration pump by the command of pressure and flow sensors. The relatively inexpensive and reliable design is perfect for a well cottage or a suburban area. The connection diagram is shown in the figure.
Automation based on frequency conversion of current
The most modern submersible pump control system today is the frequency inverters of the submersible pump stroke. A distinctive feature of this scheme is the use of current of different frequencies for the most smooth acceleration and stopping of the pump motor. Thus, water hammer and reverse water flow from the water supply system are excluded. As in the previous case, the water flow and pressure in the water supply system are adjusted according to the readings of the flow sensors and press control. But any increase in pressure or water flow occurs as smoothly as possible, which ensures high efficiency of the pump.
As an example, we can cite the Russian version of the automation unit with frequency control of the pump stroke - “UNIPUMP VARUNA”. The system is provided with all possible levels of protection against power surges, dry running, emergency running, short circuit and excess water pressure in the water supply. The cost of such a system is more than 20 thousand rubles.
Conclusion
Despite the large number of proposals on the market for the most advanced automation units for submersible pumps, consumers are in no hurry to abandon simple and reliable mechanical pressure switches and hydraulic tanks. Firstly, the price of modern control and automation systems is often equal to or even higher than the cost of conventional pumps, which seriously limits demand, and secondly, repair and commissioning of simple mechanics is several times cheaper than the services of specialized specialists, which means that there is a complete rejection from hydraulic tanks and pressure switches too early.
Autonomous water supply systems from wells and boreholes consist of several important units: pumping equipment, hydraulic accumulator, automation, pipes and equipping water outlets. The pressure difference in the submersible pump raises the water to the desired height. Further through the pipes it enters the storage tank, from where it is fed to the parsing points. This ensures proper pressure and stable operation of the entire system as a whole. For the normal operation of the water supply, it is necessary to correctly configure the automation in order to guarantee a minimum number of on / off switches of the pump and extend its life.
Scheme of an autonomous water supply system
How does a submersible pump work?
For water supply use surface and submersible pumps. The former are installed near water sources, and the latter are fully or partially immersed in water (the installation method depends on the design features of a particular model). Housings of immersion devices are tight. The principle of their operation is approximately the same: the pump draws water into the housing through the inlet and pushes it through the outlet pipe into the pipeline.
Depending on the design, the pressure difference at the inlet and outlet of the submersible pump is created either by an oscillating membrane (vibration models), or by rotating one or more impellers (centrifugal devices). Many well owners install centrifugal devices. They are more expensive, but more productive, versatile and do not destroy the casing during operation.
The duration and safety of the pump depends largely on the automatic systems that regulate the mode of their on and off. If the device is directly connected to the water supply without a hydraulic tank, it turns on every time the taps are opened at the water outlets. This mode of operation leads to its rapid failure. When connected to a hydraulic accumulator, it is necessary to correctly set the pressure limits for the device to operate in optimal mode.
Centrifugal Submersible Pump Design Diagram
Pressure switch in an autonomous water supply system
For normal operation of the pump, a pressure switch is connected. This is a device that turns on and off the water-lifting equipment in automatic mode when the water pressure changes within specified limits. Upon reaching the lower threshold of the set parameters, the device closes the contacts, supplies current to the pump, and it turns on. When the pressure rises to the upper threshold, the automation opens the contacts, the power ceases to flow to the equipment, and it turns off.
Pressure switch for private home water system
Instrument Design Features
The design of the relay provides a flexible membrane. Under the influence of pressure in the system, it deforms and closes or opens contacts. The operation of the device is regulated by special springs, which are adjusted using nuts - tightening or releasing them. When tightening the nut, the spring contracts. The stronger it is clamped, the greater the pressure required for its operation.
The difference between the thresholds for turning on and off the device is regulated using a second nut. The more it is tightened, the greater the pressure difference. The relay is connected to the power supply network and to the pump itself using two pairs of contacts. A threaded hole is provided for installing the device on the water supply pipe, the diameter of which is most often ¼ inch.
Connection diagram for submersible pump pressure switch
Video: purpose and principle of operation of the pressure switch
How to connect the device
The peculiarity of connecting a pressure switch is that it has to be connected to two networks - electric and water. The first stage is the connection to the water supply system. For this, a special adapter is separately purchased if the diameter of the thread of the water supply inlet differs from the threaded hole of the device.
For pressure switches choose a convenient place on the pipeline with free access. Threaded connections are sealed with linen or other material from the beginning to the end. After that, the device is connected to the thread. The nut should fit exactly on the seal. When working, make sure that the sealing material does not come out and is not collected by folds.
When the device is installed on the water supply, it is connected to the mains. For this, one or two pairs of contacts are provided. Models with two pairs are more common on sale; usually, homeowners purchase them. If there is a marking on the contacts, then when connecting, you should be guided by it. If not, you need to carefully study the instructions and understand the purpose of each of the elements.
Before connecting, make sure that the device is in order, and that the contacts normally close and open. To connect use a three-wire wire. The first core is connected to the first contact, the second to the second, the third to the screw from the ground wire. Relays are connected to the pump contacts using a wire of the corresponding diameter.
Relay connection diagram through a five-pin connection
Pump on and off threshold adjustment
Devices go on sale with factory settings. The lower threshold is usually set to turn on the pump when the pressure drops to 1.5 bar. The device turns off when the pressure reaches 2.5-3 bar. The difference (Δ - delta) is a parameter that can be adjusted with the second nut on the device. When setting up, the maximum permissible switch-off pressure must be taken into account. It is indicated in the technical documentation for each model and is usually 5 bar.
When adjusting the pressure limits, check the accumulator settings. Optimum pressure indicators - 1-1.5 bar. If they are different, they are corrected. After that, configure the relay:
- Open the cover to access the adjustment nuts and loosen the small compression spring.
- The switching threshold is adjusted with a large nut. Turning clockwise, increase the pressure, against - reduce.
- Set the pressure threshold of the small spring.
Video tutorial: setting the pressure switch for a submersible pump
When the device is connected and configured, it remains only to check the operation of the system. To do this, open the tap, drain the water and monitor the on-off mode of the pump. If the system is operating normally, it can be commissioned. If necessary, adjust the pressure switch of the submersible pump.
Alexei 08.01.2015 Pumping stations
The water supply system in a private house is most often autonomous, therefore, for its smooth operation, the installation of special equipment is required. Its choice depends on the type of source and its depth.
If for a well up to 10 meters deep you can use a conventional hand pump, then deeper ones require the installation of more powerful modern equipment.
Correct installation is equally important for the operation of the system. Therefore, before proceeding with its implementation, you need to consult with specialists. They will help determine which connection scheme is suitable for your case and tell you what aspects should be considered during installation. We will consider only the main points that will help to understand what is the arrangement of our own water supply system.
Well pumps - where and which are used
Digging a well is only a small part of the work that will have to be done to provide water for your home. The time when it was mined manually has passed. Today, not only in country cottages, but also in summer cottages you can increasingly see special equipment -.
To lift water from great depths and are installed directly in the drilled well. And they are installed according to the pump connection diagram. The purpose of such equipment is not limited only to the private sector. It is broader and applies to:
- Housing and communal services;
- Enterprises;
- Office buildings.
The main feature of such equipment is its compactness. It is easily transported and can be installed even in narrow wells or boreholes. The only condition is a competent connection, including to automation.
Types and design features
Depending on how the equipment is supposed to be located in relation to the aquifer, it is divided into two groups:
- Superficial;
- Submersible (deep).
Already by name you can understand how the installation of a borehole pump is carried out. In the first case, it is located near the source or in a specially equipped room, and a tube is lowered into the water, through which it is fed into the system. It is usually equipped with a check valve. The use of such equipment in the dry is not allowed, therefore, before turning on the unit, it and the suction tube are filled with water.
Watch the video, pump selection criteria:
Pumps of this type are produced in two versions: single or multi-stage. The latter have a minimum noise level and consume less energy than single-stage ones. Moreover, the parameters of water supply and pressure are exactly the same, therefore, the connection diagram of the equipment is also.
Submersible equipment is used for deep wells or wells, starting from 9 m. In this case, only a submersible pump can raise water to such a height. However, if desired, it can be used at shallow depths.
We watch the video, types and their features:
Installation of this type of equipment is carried out directly in the water. But its use imposes some limitations. If a seasonal drop in water level is observed in your area, then you will have to control that the unit is always immersed. Among modern models, there are more and more samples equipped with float switches. They are the regulatory body and as soon as the water level reaches a critical level the equipment will be turned off.
Wiring diagram
Who should be entrusted with drilling and installation of equipment? If the first part is almost impossible to do on your own, since a special installation is required, then the second part can be mastered independently. Having certain technical knowledge and finding the pump connection diagram in the network or literature, you can do the arrangement of the water supply system yourself.
Watch the video, assembly of the pumping group for submersible equipment:
Before starting work, you need to carefully study all the technical documentation that came with the unit and take some measurements. Moreover, the data you received must correspond to those specified in the device passport. If the discrepancies are small, then they can be eliminated by performing certain work, but this requires an exact match of the connection of the well pump to the automation.
Continuation of the video on the connection diagram:
If there is any doubt, it is better to order a project from a specialist and according to his data select equipment and carry out installation. You should also prepare in advance everything you need to complete the installation of the pump in the well:
- Cable;
- Pipes
- Cable for insurance;
- Couplings, staples.
And only after everything is calculated and prepared, you can begin to perform work.
Installation steps - specifics of execution
Installation of equipment, as noted earlier, begins with measurements. To do this, you need a pressure gauge with which you can find out the pressure being created and special forceps to determine the current consumption.
Water consumption can be found as follows. A tank with a known volume is filled and time spent on this work is detected. Having received the necessary values, you can proceed to the next step.
To find out how to connect a downhole pump, you need to study your circuit and all the technical documentation. And only then can you start work.
Place the surface pump on a level surface and secure it so that it does not move during operation.
To connect the unit to the well, a pipe or rigid hose with a diameter of 25 to 32 mm is used. Moreover, its length is selected so that one end of it is immersed in water to a depth of at least 30 cm. Moreover, a check valve is installed at the end of the pipe and only then it is lowered into the well.
The second end of the hose is connected to the pump, which is positioned so that the length of the pipe extending from it slopes toward the source. To seal the joints, experts recommend using sealing tape or FUM tape.
Watch the video, installation steps:
The next stage of installing the pump in the well is to fill it and the connected line with water. This procedure is carried out through a special filler plug or outlet. When filling, you can’t rush, you need to wait for all air to exit the system so that the pump and pipe are completely filled.
Installation of the borehole pump continues, connecting it to the pressure line. For this, the filler hole is closed and the equipment is connected and the piping is routed around the house. Then it is necessary to check the air pressure in the storage tank and pump air if it is below a critical level.
Wiring diagram
After all the connection work has been completed, it can be plugged into an outlet. The unit will begin to work, filling the line and the accumulator with water. When the required pressure in the system is reached, it will turn off.
And the last thing to do is open the tap with water and watch the pressure gauge. If the obtained values \u200b\u200bdiffer from those indicated in the documentation, then the switch must be adjusted.
That's the whole answer to the question of how, but these are the steps for the surface model. If you plan to use a different type of equipment, then the appropriate scheme should also be chosen for it. For example, the installation of submersible borehole pumps has significant differences.
In addition to the basic work on installing well pumps, you will have to install additional equipment, such as:
- Accumulator;
- Automation unit.
The first is selected based on the specific needs of the house and can have a volume of 100 liters. Connection to the hydraulic accumulator is carried out using a transitional pyaternik. It is a node connecting the main elements of the system:
- Submission;
- Parsing;
- Pressure gauge;
- Pressure switch;
- Accumulator
The borehole pump is connected to a standard automation unit, which includes a relay and a pressure gauge.
In addition, it should be noted that the connection deep pump to the well should be performed 10 m below the dynamic level. Moreover, the grade of the pipe depends on the depth, for example, when installing more than 80 m, you need a model for 16 atmospheres, and up to 80 m - 12.5 atm.
Drawing a conclusion based on the above information, we can say that the connection diagram is not as simple as it seems. Therefore, it is better to entrust the installation of equipment to specialists
A country house, ideally, should have a level of arrangement no worse than in a city ordinary apartment. And in order to equip a country estate with your own hands without the involvement of specialists, you need to carefully plan everything and work hard.
A big problem is the creation of a decentralized water supply. But even when the necessary water supply system is ready, the problem remains to create an automatic mechanism for its operation, in particular at the level of the pump system. Consider an example of how automation is created for a submersible pump.
1 Types of modern submersible pumps
Before proceeding directly to the consideration of automation, you need to understand the popular varieties of pumps. There are two types of submersible pumps in total:
- Centrifugal.
It should be understood that any of the above automatic submersible pumps are installed exclusively in the liquid that they pump. Although the name "submersible" speaks of this, far from everyone understands this simple truth.
Among other things, many buyers mistakenly believe that submersible pumps are better than surface models, but this is by no means the case. The specifics of the operation of these two types of pumps are the same, but the mechanism of operation is different, as well as the conditions in which they are used.
Submersible pumps, for example, are used in wells with great depth, where it is necessary to achieve an increase in the water pressure in the pump for the possibility of pumping it up.
But it must be remembered that submersible pumps are capable of operating at depths of up to ten meters, while deeper diving values \u200b\u200brequire more highly specialized pumping systems. Surface models are not capable of pumping water from such relatively large depths.
With regard to exclusively submersible pumps, the most popular and popular vibrating pumpsused for work in water wells, while centrifugal ones are used extremely rarely for such purposes or in order to create water supply in the agricultural sector.
In vibratory devices, the main structural element is the membrane. Under the action of the vibration mechanism, it is deformed, which subsequently leads to a pressure difference, the final effect of which is pumping water in the right direction. Pumps operating on this principle have the three most popular brands in the CIS countries:
- Aquarius;
- Gardena.
In conditions where the soil is heavy, it is necessary to install the vibrating device as low as possible so that during its operation the well does not break down and is contaminated with various foreign objects from the soil. Moreover, vibration models are best placed in general only in fortified sources.
It is important to remember that under conditions of deep immersion of the device in the sludge, it is most acceptable and correct to dismantle the device during its operation. Fortunately, the devices of the brand "Aquarius", "Gardena" and "Kid" are easy to assemble and disassemble, which can be done with your own hands.
2 Types of automation for submersible pumps
There are three main types of automation for submersible pumps. They are presented as follows:
- Automation unit in the form of a control panel;
- Press control;
- Control unit with a mechanism to maintain stable water pressure throughout the system.
The first option is the simplest automation unit, which is able to protect the pump from possible voltage surges and short circuits so frequent when the pump device is operating. To ensure a fully automatic mode of operation, an automation unit of this type must be connected either to a pressure switch or to a level switch.
In some cases, it is possible to connect to a float switch. The price of such an automation unit on average does not exceed 4000 rubles. But there is a nuance. The fact is that without a pressure switch and special additional protection of the pump against possible dry running, the automation unit is practically useless.
And this is an additional cost of money, which in the amount of 4000 rubles is clearly not enough. There is, however, a unit with the listed systems embedded, such as Aquarius 4000, but its cost is more than 4000 rubles and reaches the mark of 10 thousand rubles. This unit is easy to install with your own hands even without consulting with specialists.
The second option, the so-called "press control", has built-in automation systems for the pump and passive protection against dry running. Management in such an apparatus is based on several parameters, among which the level of water pressure and water flow are taken into account.
For example, if the water flow in the device exceeds the mark of 50 l / min, then the device in the current mode, naturally under the correction of press control, works continuously. In the event of a reduction in water flow or an increase in pressure, the press control after a period of time specified by the parameters (up to 10 seconds) turns off the pump, which is a protection against dry running.
In cases of increase or liquid flow in the system, which does not exceed the mark of 50 l / min, the device is started when the pressure in the entire system is reduced to 1.5 atmospheres.
Such a function is most important for conditions of a sharp increase in pressure, where it is necessary to reduce the number of shutdowns and turns on the pump with minimal water flow.
This, moreover, has a positive effect on the operation of the accumulator. For conditions of a sharp and powerful increase in water pressure in the device, up to 10 atmospheres, an automatic shutdown of the device is provided.
The most successful examples of press-control devices include the BRIO-2000M model, the price of which is not more than 4000 rubles, and the Aquarius brand devices, the price of which is from 4000 rubles to 10 thousand.
The price of a backup accumulator for devices of the Aquarius and BRIO brand of this type does not exceed 4000 rubles. When purchasing this type of automation (both the Aquarius and BRIO brands), it should be noted that installing it with your own hands is somewhat harder than the previous version.
The third option, and it is the last one, is a control unit with a mechanism to maintain stable water pressure in the entire system. This mechanism is primarily needed where a sharp increase in pressure cannot be allowed. And this is necessary because in cases of a constant increase in pressure, the energy consumption increases and the efficiency of the pump as such decreases.
The absence of a sharp increase in pressure and the constancy of the fluid transfer system is achieved due to the rotation of the rotor of the electric motor of the device, while the speed control is automatic. Control units of this type are represented by the brands "Aquarius" and "Grundfos".
The relatively low cost of automation for pumps and the simplicity of their installation with their own hands attracts the buyer, and they immediately begin to install everything themselves. But few people know that the automation installed on the equipment for deep diving, requires the presence of an electronic kit.
