Basement ventilation. Basement ventilation device of a private house: do-it-yourself cellar hood extraction. Check ventilation for efficiency.
How to build the most productive ventilation in your cellar or basement and keep the crop until next year? In general, there is nothing complicated. It is only necessary to precisely calculate everything and acquire the necessary materials and tools.
Dry cellar: making proper ventilation
To start the cellar:
- We thoroughly clean, dry.
- All racks must be disassembled, taken up.
- Wash and dry well in the sun.
Sanitize, composition:
Why basement manual ventilation does not work
This is simply wrong, because uncontrolled ventilation in the summer can lead to mold in the basement! The warmer the air, the more moisture is absorbed. This warm, “saturated” air with lots of moisture will now blow you into the basement. Moisture is now reflected in the colder basement walls. The basement walls are wet, in the worst case even wet. This can range from droplets to puddings. This causes new forms and forms of growth. And you already have mold in the basement.
- incomplete bucket of cold water;
- about three kilograms of lime;
- 50 g of vitriol.
Remove pests that could get along with fruits and vegetables. For 9 m3 of the cellar is taken:
- Three kilograms of quicklime.
- They put it in whatever capacity and fill it with cold water.
- You must immediately leave the cellar and close it tightly.
- Re-processing should be done in a week.
For the cellar, with a total area (up to 10 m2) for air exchange, you must take:
Basements and apartments on the lower or lower floor should be ventilated only at night or in the early morning hours and with dry outside air. Then the air outside is cool and relatively dry. But who would like to get up "at night or in the early morning hours", open all the windows into the air? And when is the time to close them again?
Solution: basement ventilation comfortably and safely damps the damp basement walls
Special: non-condensing
Efficient basement ventilation with dew point ventilation control: dries the damp basement walls, avoids mold forever, conveniently and completely automatically. Intelligent dew point ventilation control is designed to drain rooms such as wet basements, wet basement walls, storage rooms or similar. The dew point is determined using two adjustable sensors in the room to be dried, and an air dew point in the open air.- two pipes: cross section 14 X 14 cm;
- but one can be applied: a cross section of at least 16 cm.
You need to make it two-channel. On the first channel, the air will remain, and on the second leaves. The cellar must be equipped with a thermometer (alcohol) or a psychrometer.
Feature of this ventilation control
Intelligent dew point ventilation control not only measures the air temperature in the open air and in the basement, but also the surface temperature of the basement wall. This is the only way to ensure that there is no condensation on the basement wall. The dew point is an indicator of absolute humidity. If the dew point is lower than the dew point of indoor air, the fan turns on. The device also displays dew point, temperature and humidity.
Consulting and ordering dew point ventilation control
Basement ventilation with dew point ventilation control
This is determined by the so-called dew point measurement. Dewpoint ventilation control measures the air temperature in the open air and in the basement. This allows you to replace humid air in the basement or room air with dry air throughout the year. This is the only way to ensure that no condensation forms on the basement wall.Proper ventilation in the garage should:
- Ensure a continuous stream of fresh air.
- Produce the conclusion of all vapors, heavy odors and moisture.
- Prevent the creation of condensate, and, therefore, damage to the provisions and the car.
Now there are several types of supply and exhaust ventilation system:
Requests are clear and doable
The dew point temperature is an indicator of absolute humidity. The lower the dew point temperature, the more water vapor it can absorb and is reasonably estimated by ventilation control. If the outside temperature falls in the minus range, the ventilation program stops automatically so that there are no minus temperatures. Depending on the size of the room and ventilation requirements, you can choose between nine ventilation intervals.
The cellar ventilation system guarantees
Visit our online store. The connected fan must be adapted to the size of the room and the amount of ventilation. Fan power should correspond to approximately the volume of the basement volume in m3. Important Note. If the fan is sucked in, it must also be equipped with at least an equal exhaust opening. The same thing happens if the fan is blown out: then it is necessary to provide an air supply of at least equal in size.
- Natural - air exchange in the garage is only due to thermal convection (warmer air rises and exits, but the cold enters the street). This type of ventilation is more popular and generally available. But completely unsuitable: huge areas in the summer, frosty winter days.
- Forced is the installation of a fan. Such a ventilation system is the most productive, but it will require: mandatory electricity, indispensable material costs.
Rules for installing natural ventilation include:
Setting dew point ventilation control
For this we have prepared a questionnaire. You can download it as soon as you have entered your contact details. If you wish, you can contact the fans about me. Order a dew point ventilation system. Installation is as simple as installing a lamp, but for legal reasons, installation can only be performed by a specialist who is familiar with the relevant rules. The ventilation control is mounted on the wall in a suitable place. Also mount the internal sensor in the place most exposed to moisture.
- one pipe in order to ensure direct air flow;
- another for output.
The main thing is to arrange the pipes in different angles. And there are several ways to do this:
- Pipe through the floor, the roof of the garage.
- Take out (through any wall of the cellar), then - in a vertical position upwards, along the entire wall of the garage.
It is only necessary to fulfill several conditions:
Dew point ventilation control now with advanced feature for energy-efficient homes
The external sensor should be installed in a rainproof, shaded area, preferably on the north side of the house. Only connect the power cable from the controller to the fan. In the case of energy-saving enclosures, fans are used for heat recovery. These fans operate automatically every 70 seconds for one and 70 seconds in the other direction, i.e. every 70 seconds they switch between ventilation and ventilation.
- The correct pipe outlet should be: higher than the garage level (more than a meter).
- The total length of the exhaust pipe should be: at least three meters.
- Installing a deflector (to increase traction) in the upper lobe.
Arrangement of the inlet:
- the approach is closer down (35–55 cm);
- from floor to ceiling (1.7–2.0).
Forced ventilation: the dissimilarity of this system is the presence of a fan in the exhaust system.
To this end, we have changed our program point 1, which now switches as permanent ventilation. This leads to a more efficient exchange of moist air in the interior. Examination: why is the basement wet? According to statistics, in Germany there are 000 houses with partial significant problems due to humidity in basements and basements. Improper ventilation means that condensation is still present in the existing moisture, for example, when the humid air of a warm summer day condenses on the cold walls of the basement.
The main thing:
- Choose a model that can be used in conditions of increased humidity.
- Carry out all the waterproofing rules of the applicable electrical equipment.
The ventilation system of the cellar guarantees:
When the warm outdoor air cools on the wall of the cold basement, “summer condensation” occurs because the cooled air cannot absorb as much water as warm air could. The result: walls are absorbed by condensation moisture, and large-scale mold formation is only a matter of time.
Solution against wet basement walls and mold in the basement. Basement ventilation with fully automatic dew point ventilation control is safe and comfortable. If humid air is replaced by an indoor tumble dryer, slow drying is performed on the surface of the inner wall. Humidity in masonry can escape so slowly.
- Good conditions for saving stocks.
- Finding people in the house will remain comfortable.
If the ventilation is not set correctly:
- Negatively affect the health of the inhabitants of the house.
- Stench and dampness will spread.
- These have to breathe.
What can be done:
- Forced method: involves a stationary device - a fan. This is great for large areas. It is installed on an exhaust pipe.
Can be used for regular ventilation. For example, only periodically: to dry the cellar. The cellar, which is located under the house is endowed with some features: the pipe is carried only through the ground section of the foundation, along the entire wall.
However, on dry days, for dry wet basements, you can use very dry air. Due to frequently changing weather conditions, you will need to calculate the dew points almost every hour from the values \u200b\u200bof the basement air temperature, basement air humidity, outside temperature and outside air humidity, and turn on and off the basement ventilation accordingly. This painstaking work takes you.
Dew point and basement ventilation
The dew point or dew point temperature is the temperature at which condensation begins to form on an object. With the measured room temperature and relative humidity, the dew point temperature can be quickly determined using the table. This will help prevent possible possible thawing during the construction of the building, usually on the outer walls of the apartment.
Then, through the entire basement of the house (of course, if there is one). And an indispensable condition:
- the pipe must be with the smallest number of kinks and bends;
- as short as possible;
- preferably without any extensions and narrowings.
In winter, it is advisable to prevent snowing the supply pipe. The area that remains outside must be insulated. This will prevent excessive condensation in the pipe.
For this purpose, a thermometer for measuring room temperature and a hygrometer for measuring the relative humidity in the room are required. In many basements it is sticky, the air smells slightly, books and clothes cannot be stored here. Moisture degradation often damages building fabric, such as poor waterproofing.
How to make the ventilation of the basement in the house?
In a damp cellar, dust often forms. Moisture substrates are an alarm. Residents should take this seriously and not wait for mold to develop. Even at the first sign, it’s important to get to the heart of the problem. “It's like going to a doctor,” says Ulrich Zink of the “Old Bundesarbeitzcreis Reconstruction Building.” "The reason is not always where it hurts." Therefore, the diagnosis is the first step, followed by therapy. The hope of self-healing is not an alternative: “Many people believe that the moisture problem can be solved with good ventilation, but the cause is not recognized and is not eliminated,” Zink emphasizes.
Requests are clear and doable:
- Complete darkness: there are no windows in the cellar, and electric lighting only happens when people are there.
- Low temperature: the cellar is in the basement.
- Fresh air: supplied by the formation of supply and exhaust ventilation.
- Comparative humidity: must be no more than 80%.
Only under these conditions will the products be saved.
The moisture in the basement basically has two reasons, ”explains Alexander Lissudis from the Bavarian Engineering Chamber. This may indicate that the building is leaking somewhere. "Usually this is an unfavorable, expensive option, because then the building should be sealed with great difficulty." This is not so dramatic when humidity is caused by humid warm air, thickening on cold walls. Then it is enough to process the air so that it loses moisture.
“A professional can usually already recognize wet weather where the cause lies,” Lissoudis emphasizes. Condensation drains are scattered on the walls. However, if there are holes or porous spots in the wall or seal, a wet image indicates selective humidity. It spreads around the center.
Why is ventilation in the cellar important?
Important for:
- Long-term storage of supplies. And without ventilation, the air is moist and musty. This will lead to an early decay of the fruit.
- When the ventilation system is excessive, the following problem will arise: drafts will begin to form, which will quickly lead to the drying out of fruits and vegetables.
Ventilation can be difficult, and only specialists can do it. But there is also quite simple and you can do it on your own.
Often this is damage caused by missing or broken prints on ascending walls. Building materials then extract moisture from the surrounding soil. “In principle, if there is no horizontal and vertical compaction, the walls will not remain dry.”
Leaks or even penetrating groundwater can lead to extensive repairs. “The holes must be sealed,” Lissudis explains. “Often such leaks are pressed by injecting liquids into the wall where they solidify.” In the event of serious damage, the excavator must dig out the basement. Condensed water is easier to handle. “But it also entails many problems that homeowners can take,” says Lissudis. Once the moisture has penetrated only once, a good dryer helps.
The easiest option:
- Knock out holes in the basement: through which clean air will come into the basement.
- It is necessary to break through them on opposite walls.
- Holes are better to immediately make more, and be sure to close the nets from mice. But such ventilation is not very effective.
The best option is to make ventilation using pipes. For this we need:
However, if the problem is persistent, you must check and reorganize the ventilation of the basement. “Under no circumstances should a basement stand out at high external temperatures,” warns the engineer. Otherwise, the problem is still intensifying. Anyone who uses an automatic ventilation system should ensure that he measures the current temperature and humidity, and only ventilates at a time when the dew point is not reached. "Then there will be no more moisture."
Nevertheless, I arrived, unfortunately, every year again in sight, and you need not only to lay the gas grill, but also all accessories, such as various barbecue accessories and, of course, a gas cylinder. And right here, some run into a riddle then, where?
- necessary tools;
- 2 pipes with a diameter of 10–13 cm;
- device for condensate outflow;
- mesh for the supply pipe;
- hood for hood;
- any insulation.
Works on arrangement of supply and exhaust ventilation: a supply pipe, will serve to supply the basement with clean air. One side of the pipe should stick out at a distance (50–55 cm) above the level of the entire floor.
And the second, lead through the basement to the top. And placed with a distance (about fifty centimeters) above the ground, and covered with a grill. The exhaust pipe hole is located under the very ceiling, and you need to bring it out through all the structures to the roof.
That piece of pipe, which will remain on the street, insulate. The pipe should be placed (more than half a meter), higher than the roof of the house. It is necessary to cover the hole with a visor so that precipitation in the form of: snow, rain, does not clog into it.
You need to understand that condensate will begin to accumulate in the pipe and begin to flow to the bottom, it is advisable to put a vessel to collect moisture under it. Pipes are used: galvanization, PVC. When mounting to the walls use: specially designed clamps for this.
Air enters through the supply pipe and leaves through the exhaust pipe. The pipes are located on opposite sides of the basement and therefore air movement is guaranteed. It is advisable to install such a system on an area of \u200b\u200bup to 40 square meters. m
If more, it will not be effective. Then build forced ventilation. Everything is the same as with the natural. Only in the middle of the supply pipe are fans inserted.
From the inside - exhaust (exhaust air), and from the outside driving air in. Fans must be turned on at once two simultaneously. To choose the most suitable fan, you need to consider the size of the basement.
And the seller-consultant will always help to choose the required power. Typically, the fan is inserted into the channel of the hole, then fixed.
It will not be difficult to install it because manufacturers simplify the work by producing fans that:
- mounted in tin casings and have corrugated edges.
- equipped with brackets for fixing.
If you are aware of the diameter of your pipe, then choose the right fan size. You can choose: with a timer, it can be configured.
Some are equipped with a humidity sensor, and are connected only when the humidity exceeds the set parameter. All this will save energy.
If the room is small, then it is better to use a more lightweight device.
Its main difference:
- Air is delivered and expelled only with a single device (one pipe). Air flow and exhaust (and a small volume) will provide a single pipe.
When the basement is located above ground level, then an excellent option: air intake with the help of specially designed products with grilles (from rodents). A vent is a small vent or window in a basement wall or foundation.
This scheme is used, if necessary, to dry the basement very quickly. If you install a fan in the supply air duct, the air exchange will accelerate, to the required levels.
If the basement is very damp, then enhanced air injection (with open dampers) will make it possible to dry it very quickly.
If the basement area is large, then it is necessary to mount the fans in two ducts at once - this is more rational.
Automated system
If you want to have constant indicators: temperature, humidity. So, you need to apply climate devices of high quality. And for this, you need to contact the specialists. They will find good equipment and install split systems.
It is needed if you use the basement not for storing supplies, but for recreation. If the device is on certain days, it will have an obstacle to air exchange. Then there is a need for the reconstruction of the exhaust pipe with the assistance of a fan.
The main thing is not to confuse - you can not put the fan on the supply duct. Because, with strong air injection, especially if there is no good exhaust, the air will be blown out through various gaps.
To test the effectiveness of the ventilation system, perhaps as follows:
- Take thin paper and place it on the (ventilation system). If she moves a little, then everything is fine.
- A small tank is lowered into the cellar, with hot coals and is watched. If the ventilation is poor, then:
- humidity;
- heavy odor;
- condensation on the walls;
- mold is not ruled out.
Increase efficiency
- To improve aeration (air exchange), you need to: adjust the valves.
- To increase traction: it is better to increase the exhaust pipe (add).
If this does not help, then you need to: produce combined ventilation. For this, a suitable fan is placed in the exhaust duct. Its power should be no more than 100 watts.
He will blow out stale air, due to which a vacuum will begin to form. And a fresh stream will flow unhindered into the cellar.
A well-mounted ventilation system will help: normalize air exchange. And it will be able to turn your cellar into a room suitable for storing winter supplies, or another functional area: a workshop, gym, sauna, boiler room, etc.
Usually ventilation in the basement of a private house is laid at the stage of construction of the cottage. If it was not laid, the situation can be corrected by arranging a ventilation system in an already built house. This article will discuss the ventilation of the basement, which is not used as a cellar. We will also talk about the ventilation of basements of public and multi-apartment buildings.
A private house
The owner of a private house can equip a Finnish sauna in his basement, make a study, etc. It is difficult to be in any room without ventilation. In addition, humidity and stagnant air as a result of the lack of air exchange are favorable conditions for the appearance and propagation of mold on the basement surfaces.
How to organize a ventilation system - read the link.
In public buildings
The norms for apartment buildings say the need for underground ventilation. The mandatory availability of products in the technical underground of public buildings in SNiPs is not mentioned. Nevertheless, they are made, and it justifies itself.
Norms
Unlike the cellar, where for storing food the air temperature should be 5 degrees Celsius and humidity 60 percent, in the basement the temperature and humidity should be optimal for a person to stay in it.
This room can be used, for example, as a workshop. In the basement there can be a dressing room or a boiler room. This means that the microclimate in it must be maintained in accordance with the standards for residential premises.
Types of ventilation systems in the basement
If the basement area is small, there are no partitions in it, and it does not play the role of a vegetable pit, ventilation will be enough for ventilation in the basement basement foundation (one hole opposite the other). Inside the vent, it is necessary to close the dampers to regulate the air flow, on the outside, attach grilles to them so that rodents and insects do not enter the basement. In more detail about types of ventilation systems in cellars and cellars:
Natural supply and exhaust
We need 2 pipes: one for the flow of air, the other for its discharge. The ventilation system works when the temperature in the street is lower than the temperature in the basement.
The ventilation system of the basement of a private house can be forced. A fan is mounted in the chimney, which draws polluted air from the basement, while also increasing the flow of fresh air into the room.
Another option is to install a fan in the supply air duct. The ventilation system can include 2 fans: one for the supply pipe, the other for the exhaust.
Forced
Not all basements have the ability to organize natural air circulation. The reason for this is their design. Natural ventilation does not work and provided there is no difference in temperature on the street and inside the basement (and in warm areas the duration of this period can be 6-8 months).
How to make ventilation in the basement of a private house in this case? In the basement wall wall, install a fan that draws air from the street into the basement. Connect the exhaust fan to the exhaust duct. On sale there are devices with manual and automatic control.
The internal structure of the forced ventilation valve in the basement - pictured
Natural
A ventilation system with natural air exchange in the basement is usually organized during the construction of a cottage. At the bottom of the foundation are made vents (vents). The metal nets that cover the openings from the outside prevent rodents from entering the basement. In winter, products are covered with a dense fabric.
It is inappropriate to make such ventilation in the basement if the ceiling height is more than 2 meters. If the room is large, with a high ceiling, for the natural ventilation of the basement in a private house, installation of ducts in its corners is necessary. There is a thrust when the temperature, and therefore the air pressure inside and outside, is different.
The natural ventilation system is widely used.
In the basement of an apartment building
According to the standards for the operation of the housing stock, the basements of apartment buildings must be ventilated regularly and year-round. To do this, ventilation ducts, ventilation holes are organized (together they must be one four hundredth of the total area of \u200b\u200bthe basement floor) or special devices are used. The air exchange in the basement should be at least 1 time per hour.
In a wooden house
For a small basement, an air duct from two compartments (for inflow and exhaust) can be made of wood. The main thing is that it is smooth inside, so the boards are carefully processed with a planer. Good traction will be only if there are no gaps. No condensation is collected inside the wooden ducts. From above they are covered with deflectors (umbrellas) so that rain and snow do not get.
In a house located on a hill, the air circulation in the basement will be provided by natural ventilation, since there is almost always wind there. To increase traction, the channel for air flow is mounted from the northern part, where there is a shadow. Learn the features of the right organization by reading our article.
Device
Forced ventilation in the basement of the cottage is arranged if:
- basement area of \u200b\u200bmore than 40 square meters;
- in winter, there are often severe and prolonged frosts: condensate, which settles inside the pipe, freezes and closes the entire cross section of the duct;
- the basement is used as a room for a sauna, gym, office, etc.
Scheme
- Scheme 1. The fan is installed in the exhaust pipe. When it works, the air in the basement is discharged, so fresh air from the street begins to be drawn into the room.
- Scheme 2. One fan is installed in the hood, the other in the supply air duct. Ventilation system control - switch. The voltage in the basement mains should not exceed 36 volts.
- Scheme 3. Without connecting the ventilation system to the mains. The hood at the top is equipped with a baffle or small turbines are installed that work similarly to a weather vane.
Payment
The pipe section necessary for the effective operation of the ventilation system is calculated.
If the basement area is 10 meters squared, the pipes should be 20 by 20 cm (if the supply and exhaust system). With the same basement area, the cross-section of the pipe should be 30 by 30 cm, if the duct is one and is used as an exhaust hood. The size of the hole for the pipe is determined taking into account its cross section and the thickness of the bars for fixing the duct.
Basement ventilation pipes
The longer the pipe, the more air it delivers down. Asbestos-cement ducts are the best option. They are inexpensive, durable and moisture resistant. Galvanized pipes and plastic ducts are also suitable.
If a deflector is installed on top of the pipe, precipitation will not fall into it and the draft will increase. When the temperature is very low outside, the valves on the pipes are closed.
There are insulated air ducts on sale. For ventilation of the basement, insulation is necessary. If it is not provided in the design of the pipe, it can be done independently. Mineral wool is used as insulation. Duct valves must also be insulated.
How to make ventilation in the bath properly? .
Diameter
The standard diameter of such pipes for ventilation is 10 - 15 cm. The required diameter is determined by the calculation, which takes into account the value of the basement area.
How to make utilities do ventilation in the basement?
According to the "Rules and Norms for the Technical Maintenance of the Housing Fund", the Criminal Code must ensure that the basement of the apartment building is dry. If the reason for the damp in the basement is the lack of ventilation there, the UK should organize a ventilation system in the basement. What if you were denied this in the Criminal Code? Write a collective letter explaining the situation to the State Housing Inspectorate.
Basement ventilation installation cost
The cost of installing a ventilation system in the basement depends on the type of ventilation, the number of elements in it, their functionality. On average, the ventilation system will cost from 40 to 150 tons.
Video
How to make ventilation in the basement? First of all, you need to determine the type of ventilation system, make the calculations: calculate the diameter of the pipes and air ducts, the length of the air ducts, what kind of air exchange rate is needed in the room, etc. Do not forget about the pipe insulation and the installation of dampers on the air ducts to adjust the air exchange rate.
Sep 1, 2015 ventsyst
