Characteristics of a modular water treatment plant
In a city or in a village, in his own apartment or in a private house, and without water a person will not be able to survive. Water has long been a source of life. Although, in truth, a person will survive longer without water than without sleep. But water is the most important component of the life of all living things. And with the development of science and technology, it is also inanimate. Even the car’s mechanism will not work without interruption if the engine is cooled with bad water, or with low-quality water to breed antifreeze. Therefore, water treatment plants, today, are in price. And they are used constantly and with a high degree of load.
Structurally, it can be. Mecon-biological treatment technology. Biological treatment pools include unitary. Pool for primary decantation activated sludge pools for mechano-biological treatment of secondary decanters. Structurally, they are fully containerized, made of stainless steel.
Other components The component, depending on the type of processing plant, contains a number of other objects that can be arranged in different shapes. Mud pool, a reservoir for storage of dirt may be made of reinforced concrete underground or entirely of stainless steel, mounted above the ground. Stainless steel - all metal container structures, process equipment module, mechanical biological treatment module, etc. completely made of stainless steel.
In general, a modular water treatment station and their usefulness
If you look at the statistics of environmental authorities in the regions of all of Russia, you can see such a gloomy picture. The state of water is depressing. Finding a surface source with good water is almost impossible. Only 1 percent of all such subsoil resources in all of Russia has good water. At the same time, almost 20 percent of all surface rivers and lakes are completely unsuitable for use.
Therefore, the need for water treatment plants is obvious. What does this system mean? Since in water, especially the primary one, which you will not find - scraps, pieces, turbidity, fuel oil, in general, a complete set of the periodic table and all this somehow needs to be removed from the water.
Short-term performance of the station due to the modular design and the strict ordering of steps. Minimal reduction of sanitary conditions for operating costs due to the use of the technology used to reduce the stabilization of nitrogen, phosphorus and silt, extremely low warranty maintenance costs due to the quality of assembly and materials included in the construction of the plant, reduction in the number of staff due to the high degree automation station, which controls the entire production flow, the possibility of intervention and adjustment of technological phases of remote workers' courses and operational assistance. Water - the most important food.
To solve this problem in two ways:
Purchase your own treatment plant;
Use the water received from the central sewage treatment systems
There is also a third radical method - to do nothing at all. But then life will not be long, because drinking water from reservoirs today is categorically impossible. water treatment stations are good because they help to get good water to the desired degree of purification to enterprises that need water on a large scale, but the number of liters consumed still does not reach the industrial use.
The table below shows the application of the individual filters and collected water treatment station.
These statements are not style numbers, but are derived from water standards in developed countries. A person may be absent in water for other purposes, but not for drinking water. It lasts quite a while without food, but very little water. And he finds the water in a variety of products, but it is no shortage of liquid water. That is why the most important water for man was, is and will drink water. Drinking water means the removal of most of the organic, inorganic and biological components present in the water, so that the resulting water meets national and international drinking water standards.
| Indicator | Selected filters | Prepared Water Station |
| Cost-effectiveness | Custom filters can be more expensive. | The standard system has an average price |
| Options for eliminating impurities | One filter - one type of impurity | The station operates the Multidisciplinary |
| The volume of treated water | The maximum is the water supply of an apartment or a private house, and it will be its own developed system | Sufficient for recreation centers, a separate cafe or a small paper production facility |
| Cleaning quality | Perfect | Good |
In comparison, it is impossible to say that an individually selected cleaning system is in many ways better than a station. It is more a question of budget addresses. If you have money, you can get the perfect cleaning. If you have enough collected to a specific station, it will be enough and a good good-quality water purification.
At present you can buy modular station or container. They will help provide water, both in constant mode and variable. The advantages of the stations include the fact that they are able to provide water for deposits, shift camps and even production departments with different requests. In addition, at water treatment plants, it is possible to vary the volume of purified water and not use additional capacities if this is not necessary.
Drinking water is part of the freshwater category that is of high purity, which is suitable for drinking or for human food. Problems that may arise due to deterioration of water quality, in addition to inappropriate sources and water bodies that do not meet hygiene requirements. Good quality drinking water should be cool, tasteless, colorless and odorless, with an average mineral content. The concentration of minerals determines the hardness of the water. Centralized water use in population centers - a problem that will in the near future is related to the constant increase of comfort and civilization.
Very good performance for non-industrial scale. The water pressure may vary from 10 to 145 meters. As for the output water indicators, it all depends on what the consumer wants. There are several standard models that give one degree or another of purification. There is already a choice for the buyer.
Features of the technical design of water treatment plants
Before choosing any treatment system, whether it be two filters for an apartment or a water treatment station for a shift camp, the first thing that every customer should do is determine what is contained in his water. choose the right instruments is not possible without these data. More precisely, even a little wrong. You can choose it, but it’s easy to make a mistake with the power and purpose.
Today, the socio-economic development of the territory is not considered without this main utility, which is quality water, which should not be provided in appropriate technical conditions. This will be supported as they are objective factors. For example, 85% of the fresh water on Earth falls into ice caps, but we are unlikely to be able to reach them, because their decrease will mean a catastrophic sea level and ocean height.
Surface waters Surface waters differ in many respects: the flow and its changes, temperature, concentration and nature of dissolved or suspended substances, biological and microbiological content, each mass of liquid water with its bedding and its creatures, which is a separate ecosystem, At the same time, freshwater waters have many common characters: unlike underground, they are usually less mineralized, richer in biological elements, more susceptible to other factors, more easily polluted, less stable in their characteristics, but they also have higher chances to automate their quality.
Not knowing the composition of the impurities and their amounts, choose the right will be difficult. After all, no one wants to overpay for unnecessary opportunities if they are not needed. For those who order the development of their own water purification scheme in the house, they often make an assessment of the state of water for free.
If a consumer plans to purchase an already assembled (block-modular) water treatment plant, then he should go to order with ready-made analysis results.
If the selected container type station, all assembled filter device mounted within a container. Usually it is made of steel. Inside necessarily insulated.
Groundwater Groundwater is an important source because, unlike surface water, groundwater is usually less or not contaminated and can be used with minimal measures, sometimes only with disinfection or without any treatment. Groundwater means water circulating in pores and rock cracks in the earth's crust. Groundwater comes from direct infiltration of precipitation, surface water infiltration through permeable banks of rivers and lakes, condensation of water vapor in the pores of underground rocks.
Container
Since vandalism is widely developed in the countries of the post-Soviet space, manufacturers also provide for such an option, anti-vandal design, hardened and hardened. At the same time, the container moves easily, and in order to start such a station into operation, it does not take much time.
After creep and drainage of groundwater, groundwater paths or watercourses can be: underground streams in cracked or carved streams; shallow underground aquifers lying in granular rock without direct impact on neighboring surface water or artificially fed by surface water; deep-water aquifers, cantons in granular rocks, not being directly affected by surface waters; sources originating from underground estuaries that exit due to local geomorphological conditions; water layers consisting of dunes.
The advantages of the container type of stations include the ability to install it on any territory, even without security. Such a system can work even in frosts down to -40. It is controlled completely automatically, no need to hire personnel.
Container station means a place where you can freely come to check the work settings. Here, a heating system, filters, lighting are mounted. Such a station can be combined immediately with a water supply system and supply purified water directly to the pipes. Mount such installations in close proximity to the primary source. To prevent the station from settling, it is installed on a strip foundation, or on a gravel-sand cushion.
Such a container station is also good because it is brought from the factory immediately ready for operation. All that is needed from the buyer is to bring pipes that will supply water, and divert purified water further into the house. Then the station is connected to the power grid and started.
Sources of groundwater may be free or under pressure. An aquifer is freely accessible if, during drilling, water remains at the level at which it was discovered; The deeper layers of the aquifer are usually under pressure, which is detected during drilling. 5.
Water treatment for drinking water by raising the water to a higher level than where it was found. Underground layer called artesian water, if water drilling naturally reaches the ground surface and rises when the water level remains in drilling underground. Groundwater, due to its quality, can be used directly for drinking water supply in settlements and food industry units, while surface water, rivers and lakes, when used, must be treated before use.
Open-type treatment plant (modular)
Open-type treatment plant consists of several filtration units mounted on the same frame. Each treatment plant is a separate module that can work on its own. Such open-end station can be installed already in the building, which is the buyer. The second option is to quickly build a block module. Because such installations of the open type are called block-modular.
Since any type of water treatment plant is automatic, it does not require control, as well as the presence of personnel who corrects, puts into operation, changes backfill, cartridges and the like. It would seem a very convenient installation. Yes, and staff salaries can be saved.
Groundwater quality problems Factors affecting groundwater quality are largely identical to factors affecting surface water quality. Meteorological waters bring dissolved dissolved gases and dissolved minerals. Using household directed into groundwater by filtration from septic tanks or sewers, as well as the penetration of surface water and detergents, nitrates, sulfates and other decomposition products of organic compounds, salts, and the dissolved ions from the water supply network of drinking water as well as soluble organic compounds .
However, the staff still have to use, what will he do? Firstly, visually, you still need to check if there are any rubber gaskets, especially wearing parts, bottlenecks are possible, which can become clogged by corrosion residues or stone. Periodically, it is necessary to fill up consumables.
In order to use an open-type water treatment station, it was convenient to have several treatment modules that can be combined into one supervisory control system. In this case, one person can immediately view and control the entire system.
Industrial use of water leads to the emergence of groundwater of various salts dissolved in industrial wastewater, penetrating into the soil from polluted surface water. Agriculture produces salt from irrigation water. Landfills bring organic decomposition products, soluble chemicals, soluble gases, ash salts. groundwater pollution in Romania is present in a large number of sources that should not be used, but the ignorance and the lack of alternatives to perpetuate the use of inappropriate fountains and sources.
As for the stages of purification, which can be included in any block-modular water treatment station, such schemes are most often used. It all starts with mechanical cleaning. After it, iron impurities are eliminated, then softening. Sometimes a disinfector is added to this system. So that everything is ingenious, in principle, simple.
Today will discuss the West water treatment plant, which has recently celebrated its anniversary - 50 years, with the youngest being a Moscow water treatment station.
Other sources of drinking water. Desalination. Many countries in arid areas use seawater for coastal cities as a source of drinking water, exposing them to costly desalination. Obviously, the oldest and largest desalination plant is nature itself through evaporation from the seas. More than 30 desalination processes are known, including condensation, freezing, extraction, electrodialysis, reverse osmosis, ion exchangers, etc. disposal of wastewater. In many countries, use as a source of drinking water even in municipal wastewater is tested after advanced treatment and treatment.
The water supply in Moscow is provided by the four largest water treatment plants: Severnaya, Vostochnaya, Zapadnaya and Rublevskaya. The first two use the Volga water supplied through the Moscow Canal as a source of water. The last two take water from the Moskva River. The performance of these four stations is not very different. In addition to Moscow, they also provide water to a number of cities near Moscow. Currently, West station has a design capacity of 1700 three thousand cubic meters per day (but actually produces 1200) and feeds water preferably southwest, southern and southeastern part of the city. In the future, it will also feed part of the territories of New Moscow.
The water property of dissolving the vast majority of organic and inorganic materials is a problem in terms of consumption, since water is very easily contaminated by contact with these materials. Because of this, although water is present in very large quantities on our planet, only a small amount of water is potable. Central drinking water points provide drinking water for people in urban areas. These plants require a very large investment for the production and distribution of water to the consumer through the urban drinking water network.
All main water supply and sewerage in Moscow are under the jurisdiction of Mosvodokanal, one of the largest organizations in the city. To represent the scale: in energy consumption Mosvodokanal is second only to two other organizations - Russian Railways and the metro.
The western station is primarily notable for its location. It is located far from the Moskva River, and I, like many, once had a question - where does it get water from? It turned out that the water was taken from the Moskva River and then, not purified, about 15 kilometers was pumped to the station by pipes.
Although the water quality is controlled by the manufacturer due to the large distances to the consumer and the various materials from which the water supply networks of the city network are made, and especially the pipes in the homes of consumers, the water quality can be significantly reduced. To prevent the formation of microorganisms in the network, it is necessary to add a large amount of chlorine to the water, which leads to deterioration.
Water purification in order to obtain organoleptic properties of additional water. This is why many consumers prefer bottled water over tap water. In rural areas where there is no drinking water network, water is often obtained from individual wells and wells and is consumed without prior filtration. This water often has a high content of iron, manganese and calcium and is sometimes infected by bacteria, viruses and fecal streptococci. Obviously, such water does not meet the conditions established by the current rules regarding drinking water, and its consumption can seriously affect the health of consumers.
On the map:
1 (red mark) - Western water treatment plant.
2 (blue mark) - Western intake station and the first lift pumps.
3 (green mark) - Rublevskaya is the oldest water treatment station in Moscow and Rublevsky waterworks.
The blue line is the path of dirty water from the Moscow River to the station.
The ideal solution in these cases is decent water equipment, equipment installed directly in the consumer’s house. They provide on-site production of high-quality water that can be consumed directly from the source. Reverse osmosis equipment is currently the best and most effective method for the production of drinking water for domestic, medical and industrial purposes. Reverse osmosis equipment requires chemical treatment of water removes more than 99% organic and inorganic impurities dissolved in the water, eliminating more than 99% of biological contaminants in water and provides an ideal quality of filtered water, irrespective of the quality of raw water, reverse osmosis - a net, demineralized and almost sterile water.
Such a solution made it possible to provide clean water to the southwestern and southern parts of the city. No other stations could do this.
The Western water treatment plant is notable for the fact that Mosvodokanal tests and debugs new water treatment technologies at it, and then it transfers them to the other three stations.
Let's start with the control room. From it managed and controlled all the processes at the plant. Two women work in the control room around the clock. They receive all the information in real time from the entire huge station.
The station is really huge - from one corner of the area has a length of almost half a kilometer.
All conceivable and inconceivable information flows here - data on monitoring water parameters at the inlet, outlet and all intermediate stages of treatment, data on the process, data on the status of various equipment, tank fullness, etc.
Water quality control is serious. At least three independent authorities check the purified water - Mosvodokanal itself, the contractor and Rostekhnadzor. Verification is performed not only at the exit from the station, but also in different parts of the water supply network in Moscow.
Let's move to one of the water purification units. This is the most modern unit built at the station. Design capacity of 250 thousand m 3 per day. Pay attention to the stepped shape of the building - it corresponds to the sequence of water purification - as the water purifies, gravity flows down lower and lower.
Here, perhaps it’s worth a little talk about the main stages of water purification.
First of all, water is taken from the river, where it is cleaned of large garbage, fish, etc. and pumps the first lift is pumped to the station. Then the water enters the mixer, where various substances are added to it - coagulants and floaculants, which contribute to precipitation. All the pollution that is in the water turns into flakes and sediment. Then the water is sent to the sump, where most of the impurities remain. The next stage is sand filters. Through them, water slowly seeps, leaving most of the pollution. Next is ozonation. This is a new stage, cleaning, which has not been applied before. The essence should be clear by name - a large amount of ozone is fed into the water, which is good for water purification, destroying various impurities. The last stage is the passage of water through carbon filters. Thereafter, sodium hypochlorite is added to water. Water accumulates in tanks, from where pumps of the second rise are supplied to the city.
Now we repeat the same path, but already on the ground. The pumps of the first lift are located at a great distance from the station, so it was not possible to look at them. But they are similar to pumps Rublevskaya stations and they can be found in the report from it.
Let's start with the mixer. I admit honestly - I still did not understand exactly where he is, but somewhere in the bowels of this part of the block. "Dirty" water comes here and different reagents are added to it, moreover, depending on the specific parameters of the water, because they change, for example, in spring, in floods, it is obvious that the water is completely different from that in winter.
In the next step, water enters the flocculation chamber, which takes about 30 minutes. In the chamber, she slowly interferes with a special device with a motor.
The whole further path of water lies through such "clean" zones.
Water enters the so-called overflow trays.
They do not pass the formed flakes, precipitation and films.
Water flows in thin streams into the tray and flows further for cleaning, while large contaminants settle and are removed by a special mechanism.
The next stage is sand filters.
The principle of operation is extremely simple - water seeps through layers of sand of different grain sizes, leaving all kinds of pollution in this sand.
The average speed of the water at this stage - 6 meters per hour. Of course, the filters get dirty and washed (as far as I understand, these blue pipes are used for this). The filter water is supplied under pressure and it flushes all impurities, whereupon it is again ready for operation.
I really liked the modern equipment at the station.
And in particular, as an electronic engineer, these locking mechanisms with a beautiful display device :)
They are controlled remotely, however, like almost everything at this station. For a couple of hours of walking around the huge block, we did not meet a single employee - everything is very well automated - it turns itself on, off and monitored. In addition, complete cleanliness and order reign everywhere.
Speaking of control. To control the water there is a separate room (probably not one), where many pipes enter.
A lot of measuring equipment is connected to the pipes.
It is from these (but not only) devices that the information arrives at the control room.
After the sand filter water supplied to the ozonization. The process takes place somewhere behind the wall and you can’t look at it - ozone is an extremely dangerous gas and everything happens in a closed volume. But let me allow myself to once again send a report from the Rublevskaya station - the ozonation issue is completely disclosed in it - from the beautiful process of obtaining ozone and ending with peeping through the porthole into the ozonation tank.
The next "step" is the transition to the next stage of water purification. You can estimate the block size by people :)
Just beautiful pipes.
The next step is carbon filters.
Charcoal black, so I do not see anything :)
This is the last stage of water treatment. Coal loses its properties over time and is gradually changing, approximately 5-10% of the load per year.
When we were leaving was able to see the process of coal washing filter from afar. In the photo you can see the flow of water flowing directly from it.
Before water is put into city networks, it is chlorinated. This is done not because the water is dirty or contaminated, and because in the huge Moscow water supply network (thousand km) will inevitably be areas with stagnant water. So that the water does not "bloom" in such areas, chlorine is added to it. And here there is one significant innovation, which Mosvodokanal is very proud of.
Previously used as a reagent liquid chlorine, sodium hypochlorite and now. From the point of view of safety of the resulting water, there is no difference between them - it already turns out to be safe. But with liquid chlorine it is very difficult and dangerous work. It is dangerous to carry it in cars, it is dangerous to store it in containers. When in Soviet times, water treatment plants were far "in the fields" this was not a big problem. Now around stations increased residential areas and any leak of liquid chlorine could lead to very bad consequences. Sodium hypochlorite as safe (in the home is often used as bleach). It can be transported and stored without special precautions. The Western water treatment plant was the first to completely switch to using sodium hypochlorite.
For storage was built a special warehouse with huge reservoirs (if not mistaken with capacities of 50 and 90 cubic meters or so).
The tanks contain approximately a two-week supply of reagent for a hypothetical case of supply disruptions.
From the reagent reservoirs by means of special pumps and valves is mixed into the water.
Each of the pumps works approximately once per second, and together they all make quite funny sounds :)
That's all, the purified water enters the huge underground tanks. They are needed in order to smooth out daily consumption peaks. At the same time, the station operates in continuous mode, without sudden changes. Water from the reservoirs is pumped into the fixed networks second lift pumps.
