Discharge pump for water. The invention of the pump. Features of pumps for increasing pressure
The scheme of the water supply device is shown in Fig. 243. A large water tank (water tower) is installed on the tower. From the tank there are pipes with a number of branches introduced into the house. The ends of the branches are closed by taps. The tap water pressure is equal to the pressure of a column of water having a height equal to the height difference between the tap and the free surface of the water in the tank. This pressure usually reaches several atmospheres, because the tank is installed at a height of several tens of meters. Due to this, when opening the tap, water flows out with a quick stream. Obviously, the pressure in the upper floors of the houses is less than in the lower. It is also clear that the water supply cannot supply water to a height greater than the height of the free water level in the tank.
It is attached to the mounting points of the license plate, and blind holes hold the license plate. A transparent hose provides a fluid level sensor. Motorcycles do not have “engine compartments,” and space is expensive. More expensive to do, but we are doing everything we need.
Above this racing gas is required. We ran two small nozzles to cover 240 hp. Basic calculations. We should plan our pump design, quite logically, for the necessary delivery of water or water-alcohol mixtures to our goal. We used the same planning when we used actual fuel injectors to deliver water to Bonneville.
Fig. 243. The scheme of the water supply. Water in the water tower 1 is pumped by pump 2
Water in the tank of the water tower is pumped. The discharge piston pump consists of a cylinder with a piston equipped with valve 1 (Fig. 244). There is valve 2 at the bottom of the cylinder. Both valves can only open one way. Behind the second valve, a tube 3 starts leading to the upper reservoir. Suppose that the cylinder and tube are filled with water, and consider what happens when the piston moves from top to bottom and from bottom to top.
These pumps are rated in the range of 4 to 3 gallons per minute, which is the way, outside of the 7 gallons per hour of water that we need for a hypothetical 15% contribution of 300 hp. If you remember, we need only 170 cm / min of water per 300 horsepower. Actually there is no penalty for unfortunate excess, but do you really need 5 or 6 pounds of a bilge pump to deliver 170 cubic centimeters per minute? It is easy to see that these diaphragm pumps are not the best choice for a water injection pump.
They are cheap and they pump water well. Another thing is that they do not tell you that nominal pressures, say 150 psi, are incompatible. Don't even think about pulse-width modulation of slow solenoids to control the flow of water.
Fig. 244. Water pressure pump
We begin to lower the piston. It will compress the water, and the pressure forces that arise will close valve 1 and open valve 2. Valve 2 will open when the pressure of the water being compressed in the cylinder exceeds the pressure created by a column of water having a height from valve 2 to the water level in the upper tank. With further lowering of the piston, water will be forced out of the cylinder through tube 3 and will flow into the upper reservoir. At the same time, the space above the piston will be filled with water from the lower tank through the tube 4. Now we will begin to lift the piston. The pressure under the piston will immediately drop, and the water pressure in the tube 3 will close valve 2. On the other hand, the water pressure above the piston will open valve 1, since pressure from below is no longer acting on it. When the piston is raised, water will flow through the open valve 1 from the upper to the lower part of the cylinder. At the next lowering and raising of the piston, the process is repeated, and water is pumped from the lower reservoir to the upper one.
Diaphragm pump electric motor design: the solution to this problem is determined by the problem: the water is corrosive, has poor lubricity and should be isolated from the pump motor. The best way to do this, with some reservations, is to separate the pump and pump motor. On the table are diaphragms, pistons, gears, swing plates, magnetic drives.
These pumps are 5 to 7 pounds in weight and 5 to 10 inches. These are not magnetic devices. None of them are near the commercial fog pressure rating. These guys say they are better than the others and they seem to like trying to sue each other out of business. It is just packaging.
155.1. What minimum pressure should a pump deliver water to a height of 55 m?
155.2. The water pressure in the water taps on the second floor of a six-story building is 2.5 atm. Find the height of the water level in the tank of the water tower above ground level, as well as the water pressure at the crane of the sixth floor. Take the height of one floor equal to 4 m.
People are forcing businesses to not pack these parts. They are similar to Schurflot units. They are still big and clumsy. It is a fact that you need a certain current, torque and pump power to fill the sink or empty the hold. Magnetic drive designs isolate the pump motor from the water environment and are exponentially more reliable than other designs. There is no mechanical connection between the pump and pump motor. The problem with most magnetic drive pumps that typically use impellers is that they are very low-pressure, for the most part less than 3 psi.
Pressure pumps perform that part of the work, which provides one of the most important areas in human life.
A quality pump inside the house works flawlessly and efficiently. You can notice his presence only when something went wrong and the equipment refused. And believe me, you’ll notice its absence right away.
It is amazing how useful these small mechanisms perform, and how we depend on them. In this article we will talk about pressure pumps, what they are and what they are for.
When is the need for a pump?
This, of course, did not receive work on forced induction. Aquarium pumps in the early stages, on the other hand, were quite elegant and were magnetically controllable. Aquamist has been the gold standard for solid water injection systems for a long time. They used a small piston driven by a solenoid coil, and were low pressure low volume designs due to the limited bore and stroke of the piston, which was surprisingly small. They were regulated by pulsation of the solenoid.
1 Features and purpose
Pressure pumps are the most common category of equipment of this type. They are used inside any residential building (especially for suburban areas), inside industrial enterprises, civil buildings, manufacturing, etc.
A pressure pump is called because of its ability to create pressure inside the pipeline of any home. You do not need to additionally connect a pressure-boosting technique, at least in short sections of the pipeline.
The volume, in addition, was simply not there, the pump was at the limit. Say you wanted to run four different nozzles in your manifold and two nozzles to spray an intercooler. They wanted you to start two pumps at that moment. However, the fins look neat.
They also had excellent ribbon diagrams and electronics finishes. Physical limitations get in your way when you go small, and individual design always costs money. We almost signed a contract for a large number of these units, which everyone uses in the business for packaging water. The economy seems convincing, but, fortunately, we came to our heads and decided otherwise. We used them before, and we were never happy with the situation. They are clumsy, noisy and heavy. The Chinese even make copies of this data if you feel adventurous or want to do business by selling water injection systems.
The device pumps water from the source, delivers it to the highway or pipes, then directs it inside the house, where the mass of water will be distributed by the internal pipeline at the receiving points.
If an automatic pressure pump is used, maintenance tasks are simplified to the point of impossibility. All that is required of you is to install the device near the pipeline of the house, connect it to the central highway, and then start it.
Bermuda Triangle and the Holy Grail. These pumps are large and, when designed for gallons per minute, go out of bounds, with the exception of industrial use as bilge pumps or agricultural sprayers. Aquamist wanted you to use your two pumps if you need extra flow. They even abandoned their own pumps. Step 2: Physics 101: We considered all the possibilities to make the perfect pump, for example, a swing plate, a diaphragm, an impeller, peristalsis, a gear train, etc. And they all turned out to be short.
The purpose of pressure pumps can vary greatly depending on their variety. Generally speaking, we outline several main areas:
- Water supply to ensure the life of the residents of the house.
- Work on large installations of water supply: highway, central water supply, etc.
- Water supply for agricultural and domestic needs of a person, for watering plants, feeding animals, washing, construction work.
- Work inside the pipeline as a device for increasing water pressure. For a large house, to which the central highway is not connected and for which the pipeline has a huge length, the availability of a unit for increasing water pressure is an urgent need.
- Work inside the sewer pipeline.
Either they were limited by pressure, or limited by volume, or it was impossible to pack in anything other than a large bag with several pounds. The fluid does not compress, so you need a lot of strength to create high pressures. Step 3: Just do it: the solution was to design a more powerful pump that was small enough to fit in the palm of your hand, and that would provide four to six times more pressure than other pumps. To reduce vibration, rubber insulation is required.
The solution was to be a forced displacement piston pump without diaphragms. It was supposed to be elegant, durable and, as they say, “bulletproof”. At a speed of 170 cm3 per minute for 300 hp You can skip enough water for most applications.
As you can see, there are a great many directions. Moreover, only household tasks are listed here for everyone. There are industrial pressure units, which are much more expensive and powerful.
1.1 Design and installation
Each listed area involves a certain range of tasks. These tasks can seriously differ from each other. For example, the task of a well pump is to pump water from a well to supply a house and irrigate plants.
Features and purpose
Silence: diaphragm bilge pumps are noisy. Small and elegant: this is an elegant solution that is compatible with water, alcohol, methanol and any fuel you can think of. Keep in mind that we only need 170 cubic meters. See for 300 hp Long lasting and long life: no diaphragms to fail.
No Nozzle leak: there are no nozzle drops for two reasons: the pump itself operates and the check valve prevents any flow if the pump does not work; Our nozzles have built-in check valves and filters that prevent any siphons in vacuum or when turned off.
At the same time, the fecal suction pump is engaged in ensuring high-quality and uninterrupted functioning of the sewage system. Obviously, their design features and layout will vary greatly.
However, not everything is as scary as it seems at first glance. In our time only two really different types of design of pressure pumps:
The new pumps are compatible with alcohol and methanol. Nothing wrong with methanol as such, except for its aggressive nature, but it is not always easy to find. You can always dump some cheap isopropyl alcohol, but it's mostly water. If you decide to launch methanol, you will find it where racing gasoline is sold and can be ordered online. People ask us about using pure methanol or even mixtures such as 40% water and 60% methanol. But a more important factor is the displacement of high pressure around a hot engine.
- Superficial;
- Submersible.
Both that and another consists of the strong case in which the engine, the soaking-up mechanism, a rotor, the giving tubes, the discharge system, etc. are located.
The suction mechanism works by using the power of an electric motor. The engine rotates the rotor, which, thanks to rotation, creates a basic discharge impulse, draws water into the working chamber and delivers it further through the pipes.
They have a closeness to each other. It has excellent antiknock properties and increases your octane rating. If you use gasoline with an octane rating of 92, and you add this material, your octane rating will be changed by the formula. For you, high-ranking drug addicts, this is what you need to consider. You can buy the product at home appliance stores.
Xylene has a higher flash point and has an octane number. Water weighs 25 times more than alcohol. It's too complicated, so let's just make two quarts of alcohol or methanol and two quarts of water per gallon. In short, it is stupid to send water around, even if it is mixed with methanol or denatured alcohol. If you can just drive and buy methanol denatured alcohol, you get ahead of the price curve. Some racetracks sell methanol quite cheaply.
The automatic pressure pump, in addition to the filling described above, also has an additional superstructure in the form of automation. Its task is to ensure the autonomous functioning of the installation and minimize human intervention.
The pump will pump as much water as it needs, and only when it is needed.
Hey, if you mix your own, trick a little and switch to 60% water and 40% methanol. No one will know, and you can save a profit. Hell, put red or blue paint and give it a catchy name. The technical question about water delivery is that we are not trying to modulate, pulsate, or in any other way try to modify the flow of water through nozzles. Using real fuel injectors, we could precisely pulsate the flow of water with controllability up to a fraction of a millisecond in this linear region.
It was a very short decision. He was absolutely under control, but it was far from practical. If the solenoid takes 10 milliseconds to open it, and a significant part of it is not linear, then the delivery of water through a change in the duty cycle is slightly non-linear and problematic. However, the pens and the neat pans they give you are very enjoyable.
1.2 Surface pump
The differences between surface and submersible models lie in the features of their application. Surface pumps have a larger diameter casing and inlet tubes. They are intended, as the name implies, to work on the surface.
The surface pump is easy to install and maintain. Mobile portable models, for example, a fecal surface sample for sewage, do not even need preliminary preparation. You only need to install the device on a hard surface, lower the hose into the tank and press the start button.
Another control strategy is the frequency or voltage modulation of the pump itself. This is not a wise move and unpredictability of the situation. It is better to treat the water flow as a constant flow in order to get the maximum heat out of the inlet tract without “missing” inlet events. Handle water like a carb carb.
The best strategy is to ensure that the nozzle size ensures the correct peak flow rate at maximum load, and then reduce it by 12 to 15% of the mass of fluid entering the engine at maximum speed. Thus, you will know what happens in advance, and not twist some potentiometer and not know what happens below.
Water injection occurs due to a special tube lowered to the source. The problem with such models is that their maximum working depth is approximately 5-7 meters. If the surface of the water in the source is lower, for example, a well structure is used, then this becomes a problem.
If the water level drops - the engine will not be able to get the liquid, therefore, it will start to work idle, which is extremely undesirable (the technique when working idle quickly wears out).
While primary production refers to oil that is naturally extracted from a producing well, it improves the amount of oil extracted from the well using any additional engineering technique. Used in onshore and offshore development, water injection involves drilling injection wells into a reservoir and introducing water into this reservoir to stimulate oil production. While the introduced water helps increase the depleted pressure inside the tank, it also helps to move the oil into place.
Due to the relatively low price and ease of maintenance, such equipment is almost ideal for watering plants, supplying water for agricultural needs, etc. It is useful to keep the surface sample as a spare. If the central highway fails, it will ensure the autonomous functioning of the water supply system.
Regardless of whether water is injected after production has already been exhausted or before production from the reservoir has been drained, flooding strips the remaining oil through the reservoir into production wells, where it can be restored. The water used to inject water is usually a kind of brine, but may also consist of other sources that are processed. For example, in some reservoirs, water is formed with hydrocarbons, removed from production and re-injected into the reservoir.
It is important that the input water works inside the formation. Filtration and treatment of the water that will be introduced is sometimes necessary to ensure that no materials clog the pores of the well and that bacteria are not allowed to grow. To reduce corrosion in the tank, oxygen is often removed from the water.
1.3 Surface garden pumps (video)
1.4 Submersible pump
A submersible pump is very different from a surface pump. To begin with, the submersible pump is intended for use directly inside the well or any other source of water. That is, it must be literally immersed in water so that it can work normally.
The design of the borehole sample resembles a small capsule. Its diameter is approximately 10-20 cm. Such a small diameter is another limitation regarding work inside the well.
The diameter of the well rarely exceeds the mark of 40 cm, therefore, the suction mechanism should be even smaller, while not touching the walls of the well.
Inside, the immersion sample has the same suction mechanism, only the engine in it is in a sealed chamber.
The presence of an engine in the immediate vicinity of the rotor and the absence of the need to pump water several meters before it enters the chamber (as happens in surface analogs) gives it serious advantages.
The power of any well pump is several times higher than the power of the surface, the level of pressure produced in the chamber only starts from 40-50 meters.
It is ideal for industrial irrigation, life support of large water supply systems, sewers, etc.
The only problem here is installation and maintenance. Even for banal garden watering, the pump needs to be immersed inside the well, suspended on a special cable and equipped with small automation. Such an installation is sometimes expensive, which not everyone can afford.
2 Subtypes and differences
It remains to consider several subspecies of pumping equipment. It works on the same principles, but performs slightly specific tasks. So, there are pumping stations:
- Mobile
- For sewerage;
- Uplifting.
Mobile pumping stations are used when you need to quickly do something and relocate to another point. They are considered irreplaceable at large agricultural enterprises, where many wells were dug to irrigate large areas.
The mobile pump weighs a little, is installed anywhere, pumps water from any source, and at the same time is cheap.
To ensure the process of watering plants, you need only 2 minutes to prepare. At the same time, the quality and speed of irrigation will increase significantly, and energy costs will decrease.
Note that mobile pumping units have a smaller diameter of the working chamber, therefore, are not intended for long-term operation in permanent water supply systems, like their stationary counterparts.
The second subgroup is sewage equipment. They ensure the normal functioning of the sewage system, supply it with water from drainage, and allow drainage of flooded rooms and trenches.
Sewage pumps are equipped with shredders. In particular, the standard fecal sample for sewage is equipped with a mesh filter and a fecal chopper, whose diameter is five centimeters.
The last group - devices that work to increase the pressure inside the water supply. To understand their tasks, you need to look at a standard water main.
The line delivers water to pipes with a certain pressure level. If the pressure is weak and the line does not cope, the pressure in the pipes will also decrease. Water will start to flow weakly or stop flowing altogether.
Boost equipment is mounted in the trunk or pipe, and starts in situations where the pressure is too weak and it needs to be artificially raised.
The booster pump has an input and an output. Their diameter is equal to the diameter of the pipe. A simple rotor with a shallow engine is installed inside the device. The diameter of the working chamber is slightly larger than the diameter of the inlet.
During rotation, the rotor pumps liquid and delivers it to the exit. In large pipelines, booster or circulation pumps are mounted in chains on each floor or site.
