Industrial installations of water deferrization. How to make iron removal from a well. Do-it-yourself water deferrization - video
A lot depends on the quality of water that you have at home and is pumped into the water supply system. If the water quality decreases, then this can inevitably affect human health, which is completely unacceptable.
Moreover, it is worthwhile to understand that owners of country houses, as a rule, are more often faced with problems of liquid contamination by foreign particles. After all, they extract drinking water mainly from wells and wells. At the same time, work on the device for high-quality water treatment is far from always carried out.
Most application failures are caused simply by a lack of proper equipment for the water conditions present. Most iron filtration systems work on the principle of oxidizing iron in order to convert it from iron to iron or an undissolved state. Once in the state of iron, iron can be filtered.
Water filters are the most widely used equipment for removing iron. Its popularity is due to its versatility thanks to various available media products and the process associated with each media. The most common causes of filter failure are a lack of backwash flow or a lack of regeneration frequency.
It is very important not only to clean the liquid from mechanical impurities, but also to deal with its deferrization. This task will perform the installation of filtration and iron removal, which can be mounted in any home.
1 Purpose and features of deferrization plants
Water filtration and iron removal systems are engaged in its purification from metallic impurities that inevitably appear in water. The fact is that particles of manganese, iron and other similar metals are present in almost all elements.
Water softeners exchange ions for design. When used in iron removal, the emollient uses a cationic resin to exchange iron for sodium, in addition to calcium and magnesium, which are replaced for sodium in the softening process. The last thing a water softener is required is for iron to oxidize and turn into a state of iron. Since pH plays a large role in quickly converting this conversion, it is important to note that emollients work better at low pH, which will also extend the life of the bed.
In the state of iron, iron will cover the resin, clog the exchange sites and contaminate the resin. Iron contamination will eventually occur in any application of iron and will require replacement of the medium. High levels of grinding, longer backwashes, frequent regenerations and the use of iron scrappers are key to increasing bed life. However, even after taking these measures to prevent the formation of contaminants, the resin will eventually yield to iron and require replacement.
Especially a lot of them in the earth, clay, soil, pebbles, etc. This is completely normal and you do not need to take any action to clean the soil.
With such a concentration of metal elements, they will inevitably fall into the water, which is under the ground.
Namely, it is these layers of groundwater that people use most often through drilling wells. Accordingly, the quality of water that is used in your home will largely depend on external conditions.
Types of filtration and iron removal systems
Each type of treatment has its own strengths and weaknesses. For this, water purification specialists must clearly understand all the limitations of the selected product and equipment. Filtration using various oxidation methods is the most common method for removing iron. Depending on the medium chosen, other common processes, such as ozone, aeration, chlorine or peroxide, can be used to enhance the oxidizing properties of the treated water.
Potassium permanganate, the oxidizing agent itself, is used to regenerate greens. In this application, potassium permanganate forms manganese dioxide on the surface of the mineral and, as soon as water is in contact with it, any iron is immediately oxidized. The iron can be filtered and then cleaned in a backwash cycle.
In small quantities, iron in water not only does not harm a person, but also saturates his body with useful substances.
However, for such an action, its concentration in the drinking fluid should be at the level of 0.1-0.4 mg / l. If this level rises, then such water can be in trouble and you will have to resort to cleaning and iron removal methods.
Synthetic green is a granular mineral coated with manganese dioxide that has the same ability as a regular green color. It is much lighter and requires less backwash speed than standard greens. Manganese dioxide is an ore mined naturally, with the ability to remove iron, manganese and hydrogen sulfide. The capabilities of hydrogen sulfide exceed the ability of gray or synthetic greenery and do not require chemicals for regeneration.
However, it requires a sufficient amount of dissolved oxygen in water as a catalyst and may require a certain type of pre-oxidation to achieve its maximum ability. The redox environment, which requires adequate dissolved oxygen, must be effective, composed of two metals: 85 percent copper and 15 percent zinc. These two dissimilar metals create a small electric field in the bed that will not allow bacterial growth in the media.
The first sign of an excess of divalent metal particles in water is its turbidity. The liquid turns orange, shimmers, loses uniformity of structure.
In most cases, it will not have a very pleasant taste and smell. The taste will be metallic, even a creak may appear on the teeth. The smell rather gives rotten eggs. This is due to the saturation of water with hydrogen sulfide vapor.
Scheme of the automatic deferrization system "AquapointOB"
This property receives a redox effect, a unique difference in efficiency from bacterial iron without using chlorine injection and evaluating its bacterial static. It is effective in removing iron and hydrogen sulfide, which can reduce the content of chlorine and heavy metals such as lead and mercury, and the redox ability is not effective with manganese.
The biggest drawback for these media is its weight. Being almost twice as heavy as other minerals, it requires more than twice as fast backwashing of other minerals. Calibration of mineral reservoirs is critical.
Iron also tends to oxidize in air, which can cause unpleasant yellow spots on plumbing, pipes, and even human clothing. And to bring them out with your own hands is almost impossible.
However, it is worth noting that ironized water will not bring serious harm to a person. Is the concentration of metals in the liquid will be above 7-10 mg / l. However, in any case, such a quality of drinking water for your home is completely unacceptable, and therefore you will have to resort to its purification.
After you have identified the enemy and selected equipment with compatible backwashing and flow rates for the selected medium, you must carefully examine the water. The pH value of this water source plays an important role in the rapid conversion of iron into an iron-containing state. The higher the pH, the faster the iron goes into the state of iron, which can then be filtered.
This is good in all versions of the equipment, except for the water softener, where ferric iron plugs the exchange points and pollutes the resin. When using an iron filter for the iron needed for proper conversion, a pH above 5 is required and is a recommendation of most manufacturers. However, most experienced water treatment professionals agree that a pH above 0 is mandatory and a pH of 0 to 5 significantly increases the likelihood of a successful application.
It is for the safe and convenient cleaning and iron removal of water that the aforementioned plants are used.
This is special equipment that passes liquid through filters, then separates iron particles from it and pumps it back.
The installation consists of a cylinder, filters, water supply and pumping systems, a control unit and additional elements.
The use of oxidizing agents and coagulation
If it is necessary to increase the pH level, a chemical stream of either sodium carbonate or sodium hydroxide is preferable on a filter filled with calcium carbonate or magnesium oxide, since the filter method can drop out quickly. Most chemical iron filters and several chemical filter materials require that dissolved oxygen in water be used as a catalyst. Preoxidation is required when dissolved oxygen is too low.
All these parts are assembled together and look like a regular gas or water cylinder with a control unit.
1.1 The principle of operation of deferrization stations
The principle of operation of these installations is easy to describe. However, it should be noted in advance that there are several varieties of such equipment and each of them has its own characteristics. Moreover, some installations can even be assembled at home and with your own hands.
Description of the equipment set BPR UV SJ SF
Pre-oxidation can occur from aeration, the introduction of chlorine or peroxide, ozone and other methods. There are several uses for chemical feed. The use of sodium carbonate or sodium hydroxide to raise the pH is common. Use 5 percent to 10 percent chlorine or 7 percent hydrogen peroxide as oxidizing agents in water before the filter is also widely used.
What are the methods of iron removal?
Different rules apply to each of these methods: from holding tanks or contact tanks to using static mixers. When sharing different chemicals, it is important to understand chemical compatibility and safety considerations.
If we describe the general models and operating algorithms for plants of this type, they consist in pumping liquids through special filters.
Filters can be very diverse. Reagent models use microorganisms, ionic salts, chlorine, or even ozone. In reagent-free samples, oxygen is used.
The principle of operation of iron removal stations
For greater success, carefully follow the manufacturer's recommendations regarding the correct feed and installation speeds when introducing chemicals. When aeration is used as a pre-oxidizer, it is usually carried out either with an air inductor or with an air pump.
Water deferrization systems - features
The heater is a venturi built into the line. The water flowing through the inductor creates a vacuum and draws air into the water line. The faster the water flows, the more air enters the water. Keep an eye on the pressure drop and perform routine maintenance on the inductance as they will clog the iron over time.
Passing through the filter, the water is purified. This is due to the oxidation of iron and its transition from the divalent form to the trivalent form.
Thus, it is possible to turn microscopic metal particles into a quite noticeable and easily removed sediment in the form of rust. The rust is screened out with another filter and settles at the bottom of the installation. While pure water leaves through a direct current system.
The air pump method allows more air to be blown into the water, since a mechanical pump is used to let air into the water. This method has proven effective with the only caveats in servicing pumps and injection fittings.
Ozone is a powerful oxidizing agent and, if used properly, can be effective with a large amount of iron. Like aeration, ozone is introduced into water through a contact vessel as a pretreatment for filtration. Ozone generators come in many designs and sizes, and success requires a complete understanding of the process. It is known that due to the consumption of ozone, it is usually used at an iron level in excess of normal filtration.
After a full cycle, the sediment is removed by the drainage system, and new water is pumped into the cylinder.
All processes are controlled by an automatic unit. It has several programs that you can choose at your discretion. For example, if you are interested in a faster method of cleaning without the use of full drainage, then you can configure the device accordingly and start its operation.
Our experience is the supply of ready-made portable filters for water from iron and individual installations for removing iron. The above specifications and technical data are indicative and may vary from case to case. To create an accurate iron removal system for your device, a thorough water quality analysis is required, which may include the following.
Water Test Report - The amount of water you expect to use per hour. - Your peak water requirement - Water pressure - Duration of installation per day - Final water use. In groundwater or in well wells, water of iron and manganese has always been a concern. The presence of these elements in water does not pose a threat to human health, but can cause an unpleasant taste, smell and coloring, which is not allowed in most cases of domestic use, as well as for commercial and industrial use; therefore, oxidation filtration is often known because the iron removal process is used to remove naturally occurring iron and manganese from water.
This method of cleaning is very convenient and useful, however, it has both pros and cons.
The main advantages:
- Relatively high efficiency;
- Reliability;
- Possibility of fine liquid purification;
- Autonomy.
The main disadvantages:
- Fairly high installation price;
- Reagent models need to be constantly maintained, replace active particles;
- Do not use without electricity.
An iron removal filter is used for this complete iron and manganese removal process. For household and light applications, a portable filter for iron removal is sufficient, while for industrial and industrial use, a large iron removal unit is required.
Iron removal principle
The process by which iron is removed from water is known as oxidation filtration, which involves oxidizing the soluble forms of iron and manganese to their soluble forms, and then removing them by filtration. The oxidizing agent chemically oxidizes iron and manganese and kills the iron bacteria and any other pathogenic bacteria that may be present afterwards, and the filter removes particles of iron and manganese.
As for the characteristics, the water treatment, filtration and iron removal stations are no different in this regard.
Their working pressure is at the level of 4-8 bar. Operating temperature is 10-60 degrees Celsius.
The performance of the installation depends on the quality of the filter, the size of the cylinder and other similar indicators. On average, the cleaning process at the installation of optimal sizes makes it possible to obtain up to 1.5-2 cubic meters of purified water per hour.
Iron is one of the richest resources of the Earth, accounting for at least five percent of the earth's crust. In well water, iron is usually in a dissolved state and may appear clear when it is first removed from the tap. Water can also have a metallic taste and an unpleasant odor. Pipelines and plumbing fixtures may be restricted or clogged, as well as appliances such as water heaters, dishwashers, and washing machines that are clogged with rust and sediment.
Devices using ion exchange resins
Iron gives water an unpleasant metallic taste. When iron is combined with tea, coffee and other drinks, it produces an ink, black look and a rusty, bad taste. There are four main types of iron or conditions in which iron is found in well water.
2 Types of filtration and iron removal systems
There are several varieties of such equipment. First of all, it is divided into installations:
- Reagent
- Reagent-free.
The first type of equipment uses reagents in its work - special substances for the forced oxidation or neutralization of iron in a liquid.
The second works due to the action of air, since oxygen also contributes to the oxidation of iron, only these processes occur a little slower. But a reagent-free installation is quite possible to assemble with your own hands.
By type of management they are divided into:
- Hand held;
- Automatic c relays;
- Automatic on the timer.
Manual samples are very easy to control, but they need care. Automatic are divided into installations with pressure switches and timer. The first is the simplest automation, which nevertheless copes with the tasks set perfectly.
But models with timers are already equipped with programs, several work algorithms, etc. They are more expensive, but completely autonomous and do not need thorough maintenance.
Which installation is the easiest to choose? It already depends on the situation in your home. Different people have different attitudes to the water treatment device. Someone pays attention to this, and someone mounts the simplest filters on several main conclusions and this is limited.
It is immediately worth noting that such actions are completely ineffective if your water is seriously contaminated with iron. Filters, of course, will purify the outlet water, but in the system it will remain the same in consistency.
And the main harm is a liquid with a high iron content brings just the water supply system, pipes, plumbing, etc. That is why they buy whole plants and mount them, as water treatment. That is, first the water goes to this installation, is purified, and then it is already launched into the system in an acceptable form and condition.
True, you will have to monitor the quality of the reagent and regularly change the filters, but for this you get high performance and many other advantages.
In the country, such systems are completely unprofitable to mount. Here, reagentless plants that oxidize iron by aeration are better suited. Moreover, if you are rarely at the cottage, then it is recommended to assemble such an installation yourself.
The type of control, the size of the tank, filter and other indicators are selected strictly individually. Here it all depends on your personal preferences, capabilities and features of a particular situation.
3.1 Installation of a filtration and deferrization system (video)
In the water we drink and use, iron particles are often found. This also applies to wastewater, as well as the water we drink. Iron is also found in water, which is used for the daily life of mankind.
If there is a lot of iron in the water, this leads to various problems, such as poor functioning of the water supply system, both in private houses and in apartments, and it also badly affects human health. As a result of this, I think it will be interesting for you to know how to properly clean your wastewater and drinking water from iron.
1 Effect of excess iron in water
In the water that we drink, and this should be understood, there is always the presence of iron. And this is an irreversible process. And if you analyze the wastewater, then the iron will be detected immediately. Very, a lot of excess iron is found in the water supply system of private houses, where summer residents take water from.
It should be noted that iron in water is found everywhere in the form of particles of manganese. Such particles are not visible to the naked eye, since they have a microscopic size. And these particles most often occur in soils, sand, clay, as well as in liquids. It should be noted that if you have a shallow well, then the water will be oversaturated with iron in it.
If it contains a small amount of iron, it does not harm a person. That is why it does not make sense to install or cartridges for cleaning water from iron.
Although in different situations it is always different. But if your iron fraction in your well exceeds the mark of 0.7-1 mg / l, then this is already problematic. Problems with excessive iron in the water can be identified by analyzing wastewater. With this presence of iron in water, it can be oxidized and deposited on pipes, and also deposited on the entire waste water pumping system.
In this case, you need preliminary wastewater treatment, which you can easily equip and do it yourself. We ask ourselves, what do we need from wastewater with an excess of iron?
And we need to clean them of harmful particles, iron, so that our sewage system does not collapse, the taps to it, as well as water contaminated with iron. Few people pay attention to the quality of wastewater, and this is quite obvious, which is why water treatment can be carried out by all methods . In this case, you do not have to buy very expensive devices, but these are cartridges that clean and deferred water. But when the iron in the water exceeds the unacceptable rate, serious troubles appear. In such cases, such amenities are not immediately noticed.
We will see that the water has turned yellow, and if you don’t even have the simplest cleaning systems in your house, and there are also no cartridges for deferrizing water, then the water has a brown color.
Water can also have an unpleasant odor, since this terrible smog is not produced by the iron itself in the water, but by the presence of hydrogen sulfide in it. And as we know, such a gas often contains divalent particles of iron, which gets into such water. And drinking such water is already becoming unbearable, as it has a sour taste and a not very good smelling smell. You will not naturally consume and cook on such water. The ingress of such water on clothing immediately leaves rusty marks that you can’t clean with your own hands. Traces of rusty water can also be seen on plumbing fixtures.
Suddenly you had to see how waste water is being discharged at enterprises, you must have seen on the pipes an orange or brown trace of such water. These are real deposits from such water. If this happens at the enterprise, then few people care, and they do not pay attention to it, but think about it !! If you have such traces of water in your snow-white acrylic bathtub, then this is a completely different matter.
The question immediately arises? How to find a solution to this problem in order to clean objects from oxidized iron. Doing it yourself is very difficult.
And in the water supply system from nutria, the picture will also not be very good, or even worse. And if you notice this, then immediately run to buy cartridges to clean the water system. But when buying such a cartridge, you should remember that this is not a panacea at all.
2 Install stage-by-stage installation of deferrization and filtering to it with a filter
Have installed a cartridge and you think everything. But the installed cartridge will slightly clean the water at the outlet of the pipe. Yes, cartridges cope with this problem, but if they stand together with biological and chemical treatment in place of the so-called system. But according to the rules, a deferrization cartridge is only half the solution.
Such a filter acts locally, and it will quickly become clogged. And you will have to change the cartridge almost every month. And it’s expensive and expensive. Also, this cartridge will not protect your system from liquid. But this is if your cartridge is a small sample. If, for example, you have a large sample cartridge, then they are better suited for water treatment, but we will write about this a little later in the article.
Methods for purifying water from iron
Now there are many ways by which you can remove excess iron from a liquid. All methods require the mandatory use of special substances for this. The most popular liquid purifiers are chlorine and ozone.
They are divided into:
- Reagent
- Reagent-free
The first reagent method refers to the purification of water by ozone and chlorine, as well as other oxidized compounds. They act on the principle of neutralizing iron particles. The downside of reagent methods is frequent replacement. And also they often need to be refilled (cartridge or filter).
If there is no replacement, then it needs to be updated, or replaced completely. The cost of all these substances and replacement methods is very expensive. If you want to produce a non-reagent deferrization of water, then this means that aeration acts on the water. In these cases, installations with ozone are not used. also in these cases, you do not need to install special cartridges either.
Filter - cartridge for water purification
If we talk about reagent-free iron removal, then it is carried out at the expense of individual home-made or purchased plants for aeration. They are easy to assemble and install with your own hands.
A few ways in our time are deferrization:
- Oxidation method.
- Biological impact.
- Ion exchange.
- Aeration.
All oxidation methods consist in exposing the liquid to substances specially for this. Such a substance is called ozone, which quickly oxidizes ferrous iron. Ozone can also saturate water with beneficial substances. But the biological effect on water works on a different principle.
In this case, microorganisms act on water. As a result, iron particles are converted into a useful, safe form. This all happens with the help of special cartridges. The disadvantage of this cleaning is slowness, that is, bacteria act slowly. In ion exchange, a decrease in water hardness occurs.
In this case, a cartridge filled with special resins is used. Using this resin, the cartridge acts on water by completely removing and replacing molecules of foreign elements. The most popular way of deferrizing water is the Aeration method. This all happens naturally. Do it yourself you can do it yourself.
2.1 What equipment is available for deferrization of water?
If you decide to purchase purchased equipment for deferrization of water, then it is divided into two typesa:
- Pressure type.
- Non-pressure type.
These types of equipment are connected to the water supply system. They can also be connected to pumps or accumulators. All of the above equipment perform the role of water treatment. They purify water or liquid from iron and thereby immediately send it clean to the system. But there is a minus in this. This equipment is very expensive, it requires regular cleaning, maintenance and frequent replacement of reagents.
But there is a simple and interesting scheme that is easy to assemble with your own hands, to realize on your own. Such a system is very simple and easy to maintain.
Firstly, we install a storage tank on the roof or attic of your house, which you quickly fix with your own hands. The shape of this tank should be oval (like a barrel). The bottom is curved.
An ideal solution for this would be a tank made of plastic (food). This food plastic tank does not respond to corrosion and does not affect human health. Next, you need to bring a few good strong pipes to the tank. One pipe, that is, the pipe branch should go from the pump and the well. On this branch, water enters the tank.
It is advisable to extend the first branch along the entire length of the tank. At the end of this branch a sprayer is put on. If you, for whatever reason do not have a spray gun, then it can be replaced by making holes in the pipe itself. As a result of this, your main task is for liquid to flow out of the barrel in thin streams. This is a prerequisite for your drain system.
Due to this, contact with air is tight, and this means that there is an active process of oxidation of ferrous iron, which is slowly converted into a ferric composition.
The second branch is the second pipe performs the functions of the branch. This pipe must be connected to another part of the tank. Approximately the height of the second pipe connection is 15-30 cm from the bottom level. Why such a height? And because iron in oxidized form will precipitate in your form.
As a result of this, such water remains at the bottom. And in the tank you will get only clean or purified water. A coarse filter can be connected to the second pipe. You can also connect a compressor for the aquarium to your tank. This compressor delivers air into the inside of the tank, thereby accelerating the aeration process. At the final stage, we install a crane through which the trivalent oxidized iron or rust is discharged.
This branch is placed inside the tank and it is attached to the bottom of the barrel. How such a system works, we will now analyze. Installation of aeration is very simple.
From the well, water or liquid enters our tank by spraying. This water in the tank should be about 15-30 hours. All this time, water interacts with air and oxidizes. After this, the water gradually settles to the bottom of the barrel. But clean water will already merge into the system. Subsequently, the remainder of the iron is removed using a tap.
As a result of this cleaning system, you will not need reagents, special cleaning equipment, etc. Here iron removal occurs naturally. The disadvantage of this method is its duration. Why long? That is because the water completely goes through the aeration process itself. And such a process takes about a day at the rate of 500-1000 liters of water.
