The device wells for water in a private house. Scheme of connecting water from the well: we assemble the system
Perhaps today the typical water well scheme is known to everyone who is at least a little interested in this topic. However, the procedure for equipping a water supply system based on such an installation has a number of nuances, and therefore it is worthwhile to study the technology in advance.
Then, when laying pipes and connecting equipment, there will be no questions, and problems will be resolved promptly and at minimal cost.
Water source
Well types
Any scheme for supplying water to a house from a well is built on the basis of a key component - the water source itself.
Today, all wells, depending on the characteristics of the substrate, are conventionally divided into three groups:
- Sand - the easiest and cheapest in the arrangement. The disadvantage is a relatively short service life (up to ten years), and rather rapid siltation. Suitable for installation in the country.
- Clay ones require a bit more responsibility for - they have the same advantages and disadvantages as sand ones. They should be used regularly, since after about a year without operation it will be very difficult and expensive to restore a silted well.
- Limestone (artesian) wells are considered to be the best. The scheme of drilling wells for water in limestone involves deepening to a level of 50 to 150 meters. This provides a margin of reliability and durability of the water source, and in addition - improves the quality of natural filtration.
When choosing the type of well, one should not pay full attention to such a parameter as price. The fact is that the arrangement autonomous water supply - the task itself is very expensive, and it is better to invest in this project once (choosing high-quality equipment and inviting professional craftsmen) than to reap the dubious “savings” in a few years in the form of impressive bills for repair and restoration of the source.
Pump selection
The next step in building a water supply system is the selection of pumping equipment.
- As a rule, small cottages do not require high-performance models. Knowing that for the operation of one tap for about an hour, approximately 0.5-0.6 m3 of water is needed, a pump is usually installed that can provide an inflow of 2.5 - 3.5 m 3 / h.
- The highest water withdrawal points should also be considered. In some cases, to ensure the necessary pressure on the upper floors, the installation of an additional pump is required, since it can not cope.
- Almost all models of downhole pumps are characterized by a fairly high level of energy consumption. Taking into account this fact, it is worth taking care of the power stabilizer in advance. And if electricity is often cut off in your village, then the generator will not be superfluous.
Well equipment
The equipment process itself is usually carried out by the same company that carried out the drilling.
However, you should also study it - at least in order to ensure quality control of the execution of work operations:
- We lower the selected pump to the design depth and hang it on a cable or a strong cord.
- Through the neck of the well with an installed head (a special sealing part) we bring out a hose for water supply and a cable that provides power to the pump.
- Some experts advise connecting the hose to the cable. This is quite convenient, but you need to remember that in places of connection, the hose should never be pinched!
- Also near the neck mounted lifting device - manual or electric winch. You can do without it only at very shallow depths, because the deeper, the stronger you will feel not only the weight of the pump itself, but also the weight of the hose with the power cable, and the weight of the cable.
Advice!
The head, valves and withdrawn water pipes must be protected from external influences.
Most often they hide in a small depression, lined with bricks from the inside and closed with a lid.
This is exactly the kind of diagram of a well’s water device. However, this is not even half the battle: we need to build an entire system on this basis.
Water supply system
The main elements of the system
As we noted above, in addition to properly installed and correctly operating water-lifting equipment, we will need a lot of details to provide the house with water from the well.
Among them:
- The supply pipeline through which water from the well will flow to the house.
- A hydraulic accumulator, which is a water tank, ensuring the maintenance of stable pressure inside the system.
- A relay that enables the on and off of the water pump depending on the pressure level in the tank.
- Dry running relay (if water stops flowing into the pump, the system is de-energized).
Note!
Many models of downhole pumps are equipped with built-in fuses that exclude dry running.
- for cleaning and optimizing water parameters. As a rule, it includes filters for coarse and fine cleaning.
- Pipelines and locking equipment for wiring in rooms.
Also, if necessary, the circuit for supplying water from the well to the house includes a branch for the water heater. This makes it possible to provide hot water.
Pipeline laying
If you have certain skills, you can assemble the system yourself.
We do it like this:
- For laying pipes from the mouth of the well to the house, we dig a trench. It is desirable that it passes below the level of freezing of the soil.
- We lay a pipe (best polyethylene with a diameter of 30 mm or more). If necessary, wrap the pipeline with insulating material.
- We start the pipe into the basement or underground space through a special air duct. We insulate this part of the pipeline!
System installation
- We install the hydraulic accumulator (plastic container with a volume of up to 500 l) as high as possible - this will provide us with a natural adjustment of pressure. At the entrance we mount a pressure switch, which when filling the tank will turn off the water supply.
- In some cases this is not enough. Then we additionally install an automatic pumping station - a complex of several relays, manometers and a membrane tank-receiver.
- The receiver, equipped with a separate pump, provides a smooth change in pressure in the battery, which positively affects the performance of all systems. Without this part, the engine well pump starts up with each inclusion of the crane, which, of course, leads to its early wear.
Note!
Another plus from the installation of the receiver is the compensation of water shocks arising from the difference in a few seconds between the operation of the pressure switch and the actual shutdown of the pump.
- After assembling the system from the accumulator and pumping station proceed to the installation of pipe wiring. For her we use polyethylene pipes. With water supply to the cottage or country house, a diameter of 20 mm is enough.
- We cut pipes using special devices. To connect them, use a soldering iron with a set of bushings. The use of this technology allows for maximum tightness.
- Alternatively, steel or metal-plastic pipes can be used. They are distinguished by greater mechanical strength, but it is more difficult to mount them. Yes, and detachable connections are still inferior in terms of tightness to the soldered seams.
Pipe wiring is brought to the points of consumption and connected to the taps. To ensure safety, we fix the pipes on the walls with clamps.
Separately, it is worth taking care of the drainage system. When designing it, it is important to place a cesspool or septic tank in such a way as to completely eliminate the filtration of effluents into aquifers. First of all, this concerns sand wells, which are distinguished by a shallow occurrence of water.
Conclusion
The above scheme of connecting water from the well has many variations, however, for the novice master, it is the optimal one. Of course, the described procedure cannot be called simple, and its laboriousness is quite large, but you can figure out all the nuances if necessary. Well, if you still have questions, we recommend that you study the video in this article.
When there is no running water, private houses and cottages receive water from wells and boreholes.
From the article you will learn where to position and how to service the well, how to make water in the house and which water supply systems to use in a given situation.
Well Requirements
The following well requirements should be followed:
- The distance from the sewer well to the well. If the well is tight, and the car-dump truck removes the fecal matter, place the well no closer than 40 meters from the well. If the liquid in the septic tank is absorbed into the soil, the distance to the well is 50-60 meters and depends on the volume of sewage per day. 1-2 cubic meters - 50 meters. 4-5 cubic meters - 60 meters.
- Be sure to check the water in the sanitary inspection. Because water for washing dishes is not boiled - bacteria from the water settle on the dishes. Hands wash with the same water. After drilling a well, pump water out of it until the water becomes clear. It takes from 2 days (at Abyssinian wells) to 3 months.
- Water enters the well through the walls of the aquifer. If breaks occur in the well for 1-2 months, the walls become silted and lose throughput. To avoid this, 1-2 times a week for 2-3 hours pump water from the well to prevent siltation. Once every 3-5 years, take the water for analysis to the sanitary inspection.
- Once every 3-5 years or after a decrease in the debit (productivity) of the well, flush it with a stream of water. To do this, use an irrigation or fire truck. Rinsing will open the silted channels of the walls, lift the sludge from the bottom and bring it to the surface. After washing, pump out water from the well for 1-2 days until it is completely cleansed and clean water appears.
Do not drill a well closer than 50 meters from the septic tank, the water from it is not suitable for drinking.
Putting water into the house
To conduct water into the house, it is necessary to make a water supply system and protect it and the well from frost.
Water supply is made of rubber hose, polyethylene, plastic or metal-plastic pipes with an inner diameter of 20-30 mm. To save them from damage and frost, pipes are laid underground. The rubber hose is easier to install and cheaper, but unreliable.
Water pipes from metal-plastic and polyethylene pipes are mounted using threaded fittings without the use of special equipment. Plumbing from plastic pipes is collected using a "soldering iron", it is sold in construction and hardware stores.
To protect the well from frost, it must be insulated or equipped with a caisson (room for additional equipment). Foams and foamed polyurethane (polyurethane foam) are used for insulation. Creating a caisson increases the number of possible water supply schemes for a house from a well.
Place the water supply at a depth of 1 meter, insulate it with thermal insulation for pipes of the appropriate diameter. After laying and connecting the water supply, fill the trench with earth and compact the soil.
How to connect a well to a house
Submersible Pump Circuits
There are 3 schemes for connecting a well to a house with a submersible pump:
- Submersible (borehole, deep) pump - storage tank - water consumers. The storage tank is installed in the attic of the building. The height difference between the storage tank and water consumers of 10 meters creates a pressure of 1 bar. The plus of this scheme is simplicity and cheapness, no accumulator, pressure sensor and additional pump are needed. Cons - the pump raises the water to a great height, so productivity drops. The water pressure does not exceed 1 bar, which is not enough to connect the dishwasher and washing machine or gas automatic water heater (column). This scheme is used with a well depth of up to 70 meters.
- Submersible pump - accumulator - pressure sensor - water consumers. A hydraulic accumulator (GA) is installed near the water inlet to the house or in the caisson. The pressure sensor turns the pump on and off after reaching set pressure water. Pros - the pressure in the system is regulated by a pressure sensor. Cons - when using a small volume GA (up to 100 liters), the pump works under difficult conditions of frequent on / off, this reduces the resource and reliability. This scheme is used at well depths of up to 50 meters with centrifugal pumps and up to 30 meters with vibration pumps.
Connecting the accumulator to the pump (it doesn’t matter whether it is in the borehole or on the surface) extends the service life and increases the reliability of the pump.
- Submersible pump - storage tank - water level sensor in the tank - additional surface pump - hydraulic accumulator - pressure sensor - water consumers. Submersible pump pumps water into the storage tank according to the signals of the water level sensor. An additional pump creates pressure in the water supply system, a hydraulic accumulator eliminates water pressure drops. Pluses - the submersible pump works in a comfortable on / off mode at maximum performance, there is no need to raise water 10-15 meters higher to create pressure in the taps. Cons - the reliability of the additional pump depends on the volume of the GA. The higher the volume, the fewer on / off cycles per unit time, the less starting loads. This scheme is used for wells of any depth. The height of the water rise depends only on the power of the pump.
Surface pump circuits
Pump - GA - pressure sensor. Pros - low cost, no need to buy submersible pump and storage tank. Cons - used for wells where the distance to the water is less than 5 meters. The reliability and service life of the pump depend on the volume of the hydraulic fluid.
Schemes with pumping stations
A pumping station is a unit that consists of a surface pump, a small volume hydraulic pump (up to 20 liters) and a pressure sensor. The schemes are the same as for a surface pump. Reliability of the pump increases when an additional GA is connected.
All schemes for connecting pumps and pumping stations are applied to wells and wells.
If finances allow, then use the submersible pump - storage tank - tank water level sensor - additional surface pump - hydraulic accumulator - pressure sensor - water consumers. Such a scheme is preferable in all wells, except for Abyssinian with a thin pipe. On an Abyssinian thin pipe well, use a surface pump or pumping station design.
Water filtration
Water passes through many layers of soil, so the content of microbes and dangerous bacteria in it is small. But the well is dynamic, water moves in it, vibrations from the pump occur, soil crumbles or silt rises. Vibrating pumps insensitive to such contamination, so dirt passes through the pump and enters the water supply. Centrifugal pumps sensitive to such contaminants, if the strainer is damaged, dirt destroys the pump mechanism and metal chips and dust get into the water supply. The water filter will save household appliances and you from dirt in any scheme for connecting water from the well.
Water is filtered using water filters, which are installed in the water supply system. Install the strainer in the house, in front of a centrifugal or surface pump. Install the coarse filter between the submersible pump and the storage tank. Install the fine filter after the HA.
Water supply of a house from a well has pros and cons. They resort to it when it is impossible to connect the house to the central water supply. Correctly choose a connection scheme to the well. Keep an eye on the condition of the well and the water supply system, and in your house pure harmless water will flow from the taps.
To provide private ownership of an individual water supply system in the presence of a well is quite simple. The main thing is to understand the installation scheme of water supply equipment. If you comply with all the requirements for the installation of mechanisms and elements of communication, then the water supply of a private house from the well will become for you a real "gold mine". That is, you will be completely exempt from paying utility bills for water.
Types of wells for a private house
Many owners of private sites resort to drilling a well of one of three types:
- Abyssinian well (the simplest version of the source with a shallow aquifer);
- Well on the sand (with a depth of reservoir up to 30 meters);
- Artesian spring (here the well can go to a depth of 200 meters).
Important: water supply at home from an artesian well requires licensing. And this means that paperwork cannot be avoided. In addition, drilling an artesian type source requires professionalism and the use of sophisticated drilling equipment.
But we will proceed from the fact that we already have a well and now it is just necessary to make (bring) communications to the cottage or cottage. That is, to mount the water supply of a private house in such a way that all plumbing points in the visit work from the well (including household appliances).
Before you make the device of a water supply system with your own hands, you should carefully approach the choice of a pump. Since without this unit it will not work to supply water to the cottage in a private area.
Water supply of the cottage can be equipped according to one of two schemes:
- In the first case, a surface pumping station is used;
- In the second case, water is supplied from the well through a submersible pump.
You can make one and the other option of communication with your own hands.
It is important to remember that the water supply in the country or in the cottage in any case needs to be built according to this scheme:
- The presence of a well or well;
- Connection of pumping equipment to it;
- Accumulator installation;
- Pipe laying;
- Installation of all plumbing points (faucets, faucets, household appliances, etc.) with their own hands.
In addition, if the cottage will provide hot water, then the water heating element must also be included in the general water supply scheme. Most often this is either an accumulation tank or a double-circuit boiler, which allows you to make an individual heating system in the house.
Ways to organize communication
Water supply from a well for a cottage or a summer cottage may have a scheme with a pumping station. When choosing an aggregate, it is important to consider the depth of the well in the country and the total productivity of the source. Also, the total volume of water that you plan to use should be attributed to the pump selection parameters.
So, we understand the scheme of the water supply system device with our own hands in the country with the help of a pumping station:
The main element in such a scheme, in addition to the pump, is a hydraulic tank with a capacity of 100 to 500 liters. Such a reservoir will serve as a reservoir for water and at the same time distribute the pressure in the water supply system. The result is the absence of pneumatic shock and air congestion in the pipes. The hydraulic tank works according to this principle: the pump pumps water into the tank. As soon as the membrane rises to a certain level, there is a signal that the tank is full. When the water level in the tank drops, the pump again works to supply water to the tank.
It is worth considering that for the pump station with your own hands it is necessary to prepare a separate utility room, which will allow you to comfortably maintain the water supply communication even in the cold season and at the same time protect the entire system from freezing.
Stages of work with a pumping station
- First, we include a casing with a filter in the water supply scheme in the country, which we lower into the well. In this case, the device of the source bottom should be such that the filter at the end of the bulb does not reach the bottom by 40-60 cm. And so that the pipe does not touch the bottom spontaneously, it is better to fix it on a special long pin that will abut against the ground.
- The next step is the laying of water pipes at the cottage / in the cottage with your own hands. They must be laid in pre-prepared trenches below the level of soil freezing. Otherwise, all your water in the country in the winter runs the risk of freezing. If desired, the pipes can be wrapped with insulation. Some especially technically savvy owners use a heating cable, which is laid along the water supply.
Important: in places of raising the water supply in the country or in the cottage, special attention should be paid to pipe insulation with your own hands.
- On the section of casing (after the strainer) or the water supply pipe, a coarse filter must be installed in front of the pumping station. This will help to clean the water from rough abrasive inclusions such as sand and protect the pump in the general circuit from failure.
- Following the coarse filter is the device of the pumping station itself for water supply from the well.
- Last of all, it is necessary to include a fine filter in the cottage or cottage water supply system. This will be the last stage of water treatment to the end user.
- It remains to install taps and faucets on the pipes diluted around the house.
If we use a submersible pump
Such a water supply scheme in the country or in the cottage with your own hands will work on the principle of a water tower. That is, the water supplied to the tank, under the influence of height differences between the points of water supply and the tank has an optimal pressure equal to 0.1 atmosphere per 1 m column of water.
The device of such a water supply scheme is carried out as follows:
- To the depth of the well we lower the submersible pump, mounted on a safety steel cable. It is important that the unit does not reach the bottom, but remains in suspension about 50 cm from the bottom. This will protect the device from siltation and subsequent failure.
- Higher submersible pump when installing a water supply system, a check valve must be mounted. Such a mechanism will not allow water in the pipes to flow back into the well. That is, after pumping water into the pipeline, the liquid will not drain back after turning off the pump.
- The next step is the installation of the pipeline. It is better to use plastic pipes with a diameter of 32 or 40 mm, which fit perfectly with the pump nozzles. Here, with the pipeline, it is worth laying a three-core electric cable for powering the pumping equipment.
Important: do not forget to lower the pipes to a level below the freezing of the soil layers.
- Now install a pressure switch that will regulate the pressure in the pipes and the frequency of on / off the pump. Thanks to this device, the formation of air jams in the water supply can be avoided.
- Accumulator installation. Moreover, it is important to know that the larger its capacity, the fewer times the pump will turn on / off. And this significantly extends its service life.
- Also, for productive water supply from the well, it is necessary to connect dry running protection to the water supply. This will protect the pump from combustion in the event of a drop in the water level in the well.
- Last of all, the installation of all sanitary points in the cottage or in the country.
