The largest volume of school workload should fall on. How many hours of physical education per week does primary school have? Is it possible to conduct dual lessons
Is there 3 hours remaining for the 2016-2017 school year for primary school students physical culture in the curriculum?
Answer
The third hour of physical education can be spent in extracurricular activities. For classes that have not switched to, the organization of the third compulsory hour of physical culture is carried out taking into account regional BUPs within the framework of the current legislation
In 2010, by order of the Ministry of Education and Science of Russia dated August 30, 2010 No. 889, in the federal basic curriculum (hereinafter referred to as BUP) and approximate curricula for general educational organizations (hereinafter referred to as PLO), the third compulsory hour of physical culture was fixed in order to increase the volume of physical activity students, developing their physical qualities, improving physical fitness, imparting skills healthy way life.
"Sanitary and epidemiological requirements for the conditions and organization of training in educational institutions", Approved Resolution of the Chief State Sanitary Doctor of the Russian Federation of December 29, 2010 No. 189 (hereinafter - SanPiN 2.4.2.2821-10) regulated the norms for the use of sports facilities, places for physical culture and sports (clause 3.4), suggested recommendations for holding events on a fresh air,.
In accordance with the minutes of the meeting of the expert council of the Ministry of Education and Science of the Russian Federation dated November 2, 2011 No. 2 and dated December 21, 2011 No. 3, a number of educational programs were recommended for use to expand the basic content of physical education lessons (mini-table tennis programs, fitness -airbics, etc.).
The third obligatory hour of physical culture was introduced by increasing the maximum permissible weekly load by one hour. It was forbidden to replace physical education lessons with other subjects.
The situation has changed in connection with 2.4.2.2821-10, approved. by the decree of the Chief State Sanitary Doctor of the Russian Federation of 24.11. 2015 № 81. According to this edition, it is allowed to organize physical education classes as part of the extracurricular activities of students.
Clause 10.20 of SanPiN 2.4.2.2821-10 received the following wording: "To satisfy the biological need for movement, regardless of the age of students, it is recommended to conduct at least 3 physical education lessons (in the classroom and extracurricular) per week, provided in the volume of the total weekly load. It is not allowed to replace physical education classes with other subjects".
The indicated change is predominantly related to the general education program, developed in accordance with the Federal State Educational Standard of General Education, since the very concept of extracurricular activities is regulated only by the Federal State Educational Standard of General Education and is not included in the requirements of the Federal State Educational Standard. For classes that have not switched to the Federal State Educational Standard, the organization of the third compulsory hour of physical culture is carried out taking into account the regional BUP in the framework of the current legislation.
Relevant now:
Alexey MASHKOVTSEV,
physical education teacher,
ANO "School" Premier ",
Moscow city
Third wheel?
On the number and quality of physical education lessons
Three years ago, the third hour of physical education per week was introduced everywhere in Russian schools. We tried to figure out how this is implemented in various educational institutions, given that sometimes there is simply nowhere to conduct lessons ...
The topic of this article was suggested by physical education teachers who complain about how poorly they spend their third hour in their schools. We believe that the analysis of the information we received will help improve the quality of physical education lessons.
In search of a solution to the problem
Perfect option
Let's try to imagine a model in which the introduction of the third hour of physical education would be ideal. If the school has everything the necessary conditions: several gyms and flat structures, a swimming pool, a ski lodge, etc. - this will most likely succeed. However, it should be remembered that in order to achieve maximum effect, lessons in the schedule should not be placed day after day. Rest and recovery after physical activity is an obligatory part of both educational and training process. Thus, the ideal option would be one in which physical education lessons are scheduled for each class on Mondays, Wednesdays, and Fridays - with a five-day work week - or also on Tuesdays, Thursdays and Saturdays - with a six-day one. At the same time, several days a week, the hall will be empty for a five-day week.
Thus, in order to create an ideal model for introducing the third hour, the school should not only have a rich material base, but also be able to correctly draw up a schedule. Among the places of work of teachers who contacted our editorial office, there were no such schools ...
Two plus one
Physical education classes in middle school and high school are allowed to be paired. Several schools have taken advantage of this opportunity. This contributes to a more competent distribution of the load during the week, allows the school administration not to change the schedule when organizing ski training lessons, and the teacher can plan one lesson per week - educational and health related, the other - training.
In practice, it turned out that this option also has its drawbacks. In particular, students in grades 5-8 can hardly cope with an hour and a half load. In addition, we must not forget that the morbidity rate of schoolchildren has recently increased, and such an increase in the load, all the more so for many, will be beyond their strength.
Another problem is the lack of change. As a rule, with such an organization of lessons, physical education teachers do not interrupt the lesson, which further increases the load. If you let the children go for recess, the training effect and the effect of the earlier warm-up are lost. When coordinating this issue with the school administration, you can use the break time for class, and let the children go from the next lesson a little earlier. Plus, the kids will have more time to shower.
To avoid overwork, you can devote more time during double lessons theoretical issues.
In schools that conduct ski training lessons, the option of combining three lessons was proposed - this method is very convenient for high school students to travel to a forest park. Some readers said that this method was used in their schools, but there were not many of them.
Watch set
Many schools have chosen next way... The missing 34 or 35 - depending on the number of academic weeks in a year - they simply took in physical education hours by organizing the Days of Health, tourist gatherings, sports hours, etc., because they do not have the opportunity to fit the third hour into the schedule. Having held one big event, such as Health Day, the teacher could immediately "close" eight physical education lessons, even for several classes. If you organize such holidays once a quarter, that's already 32 hours. Only do they fully fulfill the educational function? And isn't one substituted for another? Everyone understands that the Days of Health even before the introduction of the third hour were held - maybe not so regularly - and now it has acquired a school-wide character with compulsory attendance, assessment, etc.
Saturday - Athlete's Day
Some schools, which work on a five-day work week, have decided to make the third physical education lesson on Saturday. On this day, there is no one at school, the halls are empty. Isn't it a solution to the problem? However, the turnout of students, as a rule, does not exceed 40%. It would seem that this can be used: if there are few children, classes can be combined - and time is freed up, and there will be enough space in the hall for everyone. But in practice, this approach sins with formalism: children can quickly figure out that physical education lessons can be skipped - there would be a more or less valid reason.
4 – 2 – 2 – 4
This option is not a scheme for placing players, but the distribution of physical training hours by quarters. It is used by schools in the warmer regions of the country, where lessons can be conducted outdoors in September, October, April and May. Therefore, in the first and fourth quarters, not three, but four lessons per week are organized at once, and in the cold season - two. Thus, the problem of the congestion of the halls is solved - they are enough for two hours a week, and the children spend more time in the fresh air. It is only important that the school has more flat structures so that several classes can find a place for classes at once.
There are downsides. First, children receive physical activity during school year uneven. Secondly, no one is immune from bad weather: where to take lessons in rain, cold or strong wind? Then everything is used: halls, corridors, recreation ...
Write three, mind two
Unfortunately, there are also such schools, there are not so many of them, which still offer two physical education lessons a week, not three. At the same time, for any check (in the schedule, in the journal), three lessons are indicated. As the leaders of these educational institutions promise their teachers, this is a temporary phenomenon that will soon be eliminated. Let's hope they keep their promise.
Ask for help
Some schools managed to solve the problem of introducing the third hour by cooperating with nearby sports and recreation centers, swimming pools and skating rinks, since the first half of the day is usually free. All that remains is to organize the work: negotiate with the landlords, ensure the travel of the children, purchase inventory, etc.
No sooner said than done
In the overwhelming majority of schools, the third hour of physical education has been introduced. The administration needs to respond to the order, execute and report. As a result, already small gyms unite students in two, and sometimes three, classes. How to conduct lessons with so many children and at the same time meet the requirements of the new State standards in education? The teachers found the next way out. Several classes in the hall? This means that several teachers are present there as well. One teacher invites children to do one sport, another another, and a third a third. This greatly improves the efficiency of the lesson and relieves discipline problems.
Myths and reality
With the introduction of the third hour, the opinion has taken root in society that now the situation with teaching physical culture will change. The experience of the first year has shown that we are mistaken.
The first misconception: children will become 1.5 times physically stronger. Oddly enough, the level of development of physical qualities is not directly proportional to the amount of time devoted to their development. Even delivering lessons at a high level is not a guarantee of improved results. At the end of the first year of innovation, there was no significant breakthrough in improving the physical fitness of children. The only thing to be expected is a decrease in the incidence of sickness among schoolchildren. It costs a lot.
Second misconception: physical education teachers will earn more. Here you need to understand that the salary of any teacher depends on his qualifications and workload, with the new salary system - also on the number of children in the school. The teachers of schools that have switched to the new system of remuneration note that the cost of an hour has even decreased for them. Many have increased the number of hours, but everyone understands that this does not always lead to an improvement in the quality of lessons.
The third misconception: children in physical education lessons will learn new sports. This is only partly true. There are not many schools that have the opportunity to purchase new sports equipment for teaching children badminton, tennis, organize fitness classes and apply other innovations. Most schools did not even begin to develop their programs for the third hour, taking as a basis the program of V.I. Lyakha and A.A. Zdanevich (2004), designed for both two and three hours a week and built on basic sports with the inclusion of a variable part, depending on the regional and material characteristics of the school.
The fourth misconception: more children will attend classes in sports clubs. This is not true. Coaches-teachers of children's and youth sports schools note that this year there was no increase in the number of schoolchildren enrolled in primary training groups - rather the opposite. Moreover, the number of children who attend school sports clubs has decreased. If earlier parents understood that two physical education lessons per week are clearly not enough for the full physical development of their child, and they gladly gave him to any section to fill the need for movement, now they reason differently: why do we need a school section if schoolchildren already have three physical education lessons a week?
The fifth misconception: children will participate more in sports. There are fewer school sports and recreational activities as all free time in the schedule is allocated, first of all, for the third hour of physical education, which now has a place in both the seventh and eighth lessons. And if the school works in two shifts, then the working hours of the gym for holding extracurricular activities minimal. The number of regional and city competitions is not increasing either: teachers simply do not have time to take their children to them.
Less is better?
So what happens? For so many years, the physical education teachers themselves advocated for more physical education lessons, but in practice this turned out to be unnecessary. Over time, we will see the fruits of our labor. Having planted potatoes in our garden, we initially lose several buckets of root crops, and we should not wait for a return after a few weeks. But one cannot but agree with another rule of the gardener: before planting potatoes, you need to prepare the soil. In our case, it was necessary to start with the modernization of gyms and equipment, with the revision and adjustment of programs based on the available data from the medical examination of schoolchildren, with the retraining of teachers, and only then very smoothly and gradually increase the number of teaching hours. Maybe then the harvest would have been better?
We are all morning
We were busy with sprouts
We planted them
With your own hands.
My grandmother and I together
We planted seedlings
And Katya went
With a friend in the garden.
Then we had to
Fight the weeds
We pulled them out
With your own hands.
My grandmother and I were carrying
Full watering cans
And Katya was sitting
In the garden on a bench.
– What are you on the bench
Are you sitting like a stranger?
And Katya said:
- I'm waiting for the harvest.
(Agniya Barto. Katia)
Since the beginning of the academic year, the Office of Rospotrebnadzor in the Tomsk Region has received many questions from parents about the organization educational process and the distribution of the teaching load of students in schools.
The hygienic requirements for the regime of the educational process in schools are regulated by the sanitary and epidemiological rules and norms of SanPiN 2.4.2.2821-10 "Sanitary and epidemiological requirements for the conditions and organization of training in educational institutions."
The number of hours allotted for lesson and extracurricular activities should not in aggregate exceed the value of the maximum weekly educational load.
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Classes |
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2-4cl. |
8-9cl. |
10-11cl. |
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at a 6-day week, no more |
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at a 5-day week, no more |
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In institutions with in-depth study of individual subjects, lyceums and gymnasiums, education is carried out only in the first shift. In institutions working in two shifts, teaching of 1st, 5th, final 9th and 11th grades and classes of compensatory education should be organized in the first shift.
The maximum allowable load during the day is:
For students of the 1st grade - should not exceed 4 lessons and 1 day a week - no more than 5 lessons, due to a physical education lesson;
For students in grades 2-4 - no more than 5 lessons and once a week 6 lessons at the expense of a physical education lesson with a 6-day school week;
For students in grades 5-6 - no more than 6 lessons;
For students in grades 7-11 - no more than 7 lessons.
Modern scientific research it was found that the biorhythmological optimum of mental performance in school-age children falls on an interval of 10-12 hours. During these hours, the greatest efficiency of assimilation of the material is noted with the lowest psychophysiological costs of the body. Therefore, for students of grade 1, the most difficult subjects must be carried out in lesson 2; 2-4 grades - 2-3 lessons; for students in grades 5-11 - 2-4 lessons.
The mental performance of students is not the same on different days of the school week. Its level increases by the middle of the week and remains low at the beginning (Monday) and at the end (Friday) of the week. Therefore, the distribution of the study load during the week is built in such a way that its largest volume falls on Tuesday and (or) Wednesday.
The duration of the lesson (academic hour) in all classes should not exceed 45 minutes, with the exception of grade 1. The training of "first graders" is carried out in compliance with the following additional requirements:
Training sessions are held for a 5-day school week and only on the first shift;
Using the "stepwise" mode of teaching in the first half of the year (in September, October - 3 lessons a day, 35 minutes each, in November-December - 4 lessons, 35 minutes each; January - May - 4 lessons, 45 minutes each) ;
Training is carried out without point assessment of students' knowledge and homework;
Additional weekly holidays in the middle of the third quarter in the traditional study mode.
The duration of the breaks between lessons is at least 10 minutes; to organize meals for children after 2 and 3 lessons, two breaks are set, 20 minutes each.
To meet the biological need for movement, regardless of the age of students, it is recommended to conduct at least 3 lessons of physical education per week. Physical education classes are recommended to be included in the last lessons; after physical education lessons, lessons with written assignments are not held and test papers.
The rules prescribed in the document are binding on all public and private educational institutions. They should be taken into account in the development of regulatory and technical documentation, which is approved by the relevant authorities.
The purpose of the document is to ensure comfortable conditions in buildings and premises in which students study, to establish safety standards environment... Only in schools that comply with the prescribed requirements, it is possible to receive a quality education.
The rules prescribe that every school must have modern computer equipment and access to the Internet, gyms, a canteen, sewers, cold and hot water.
These elementary requirements are designed to provide the necessary conditions for concentrating on the educational process, and not on solving any everyday problems.
Requirements for premises and equipment
SanPiN 2.4.2.2821-10 establishes:
- that on school grounds there should be parking spaces for vehicles that are used to transport students
- between the buildings of buildings that are erected on the same territory, there must be heated crossings;
school wardrobes must have hangers, shoe compartments, coat hooks appropriate for the height of the students;
- in addition, for the convenience of students, wardrobe benches should be equipped;
- blackboards should be dark green or dark brown, while classrooms can be equipped with interactive whiteboards, touch screens and other modern devices that must meet hygiene standards;
- the temperature regime in the washrooms should be no higher than 21C, in the shower rooms - no more than 25C;
- some of the offices must have access to water supply.
The document also contains requirements for small educational institutions. They should have such obligatory premises as a cloakroom, study rooms, an assembly hall, a dining room, a library, bathrooms, recreation, a utility room, a medical office, a gym, a shell room and other necessary administrative and utility rooms.
Requirements for the organization of the educational process
In addition to the listed requirements, SANPIN sets the maximum permissible load on students.
So, the classroom load should not exceed 26, 32, 33, 35, 36 and 37 academic hours for students 1, 2-4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9 x and 10-11 grades. Extracurricular activities should be no more than ten hours per week for all students.
SanPiN also details the total allowable load for each student during one day.
Allowed:
- for first grade students - 4 lessons every 4 days, and 5 lessons - 1 day (due to a physical education lesson);
- for students in grades 2-4 - 5 lessons every 4 days, and 6 lessons - 1 day (due to a physical education lesson);
- for students in grades 5-7 - no more than seven lessons daily;
- for students in grades 8-11 - no more than eight lessons daily.
It is allowed to conduct double physical education lessons.
Particular attention in the rules is paid to classes with computers with LCD monitors. Such lessons should not exceed 20 minutes in grades 1-2, 25 minutes in grades 3-4, 30 minutes in grades 5-6, 35 minutes in grades 7-11.
At the beginning of 2018, changes were made to the SanPin for the school
The changes affected the requirements for premises and equipment:
- on school grounds, there should be parking spaces for vehicles that transport students;
- if the school consists of several buildings, they must be connected with each other and equipped with a heating system;
- it is not allowed to install street toilets for students if there is no centralized sewerage system (in this case, an internal sewerage system should be provided).
School catering must also meet certain requirements:
- free access to water supply;
- drinking water and foodstuffs must pass quality control;
- canteen workers must undergo a medical examination twice a year, etc.
The specifics of the educational process:
- the number of students depends on the area that falls on each child;
- the document determines the number of lessons for each age group, so the schedule of lessons should be drawn up in accordance with the standards (for example, for the first grade there should not be more than four lessons daily, for the last grade there may be 7-8);
- the school year for first graders may include additional vacations;
- teachers must undergo retraining every two years, and after that certification.
The school must be a safe and productive institution that provides meaningful knowledge to learners. Changes made to SanPin should improve the requirements that were established by earlier legislative documents.
Modern scientific research has established that the biorhythmological optimum of mental performance in school-age children falls within the interval of 10 - 12 hours. During these hours, the greatest efficiency of assimilation of the material is noted with the lowest psychophysiological costs of the body.
Therefore, in the lesson schedule for students of the I stage of education, the main subjects should be conducted in 2 - 3 lessons, and for students of the II and III stages of education - in 2, 3, 4 lessons.
The mental performance of students is not the same on different days of the school week. Its level increases by the middle of the week and remains low at the beginning (Monday) and at the end (Friday) of the week.
Therefore, the distribution of the study load during the week is built in such a way that its largest volume falls on Tuesday and (or) Wednesday. On these days, the lesson schedule includes subjects that correspond to the highest score on the scale of difficulty (tables 1, 2, 3 of this appendix) or with an average score and the lowest score on a scale of difficulty, but in greater numbers than on the rest of the week. Presentation of new material, control works should be carried out in 2 - 4 lessons in the middle of the school week.
Time-consuming homework items should not be grouped together on the same day.
When scheduling lessons for students in primary, middle and senior classes, it is necessary to use tables 1-3, in which the difficulty of each subject is ranked in points.
With a properly designed lesson schedule, the highest number of points per day for the sum of all subjects should fall on Tuesday and / or Wednesday.
Table 1
Difficulty scale for subjects for grades 1-4
table 2
Difficulty scale of subjects studied in grades 5-9
| General subjects | Number of points (grade of difficulty) | ||||
| Grade 5 | 6th grade | 7th grade | 8th grade | Grade 9 | |
| Chemistry | - | - | 13 | 10 | 12 |
| Geometry | - | - | 12 | 10 | 8 |
| Physics | - | - | 8 | 9 | 13 |
| Algebra | - | - | 10 | 9 | 7 |
| Economy | - | - | - | - | 11 |
| Drawing | - | - | - | 5 | 4 |
| World Art Culture (MHC) | - | - | 8 | 5 | 5 |
| Biology | 10 | 8 | 7 | 7 | 7 |
| Mathematics | 10 | 13 | - | - | - |
| Foreign language | 9 | 11 | 10 | 8 | 9 |
| Russian language | 8 | 12 | 11 | 7 | 6 |
| Local history | 7 | 9 | 5 | 5 | - |
| Natural Science | 7 | 8 | - | - | - |
| Geography | - | 7 | 6 | 6 | 5 |
| Citizenship | 6 | 9 | 9 | 5 | - |
| Story | 5 | 8 | 6 | 8 | 10 |
| Rhythmics | 4 | 4 | - | - | - |
| Work | 4 | 3 | 2 | 1 | 4 |
| Literature | 4 | 6 | 4 | 4 | 7 |
| ISO | 3 | 3 | 1 | 3 | - |
| Physical education | 3 | 4 | 2 | 2 | 2 |
| Ecology | 3 | 3 | 3 | 6 | 1 |
| Music | 2 | 1 | 1 | 1 | - |
| Informatics | 4 | 10 | 4 | 7 | 7 |
| life safety fundamentals | 1 | 2 | 3 | 3 | 3 |
Table 3
Difficulty scale of subjects studied in grades 10-11
