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Mushrooms hedgehogs are edible or not. Hericium yellow - description of the mushroom with a photo; benefits (useful properties), harm and contraindications; use in cooking and healing. The benefits of herbal mushrooms and treatment

The hedgehog mushroom growing in coniferous or mixed forests, mainly under the pines, is referred to in different reference books as edible or conditionally edible. The taste qualities of all types of hedgehog (variegated, yellow and others) are low, however, these mushrooms may well be used in cooking, since they do not contain toxic substances.

We bring to your attention a photo of various species of the hedgehog mushroom, as well as a description of these gifts of the forest and recommendations for their use.

Hat Sarcodon imbricatus (diameter 4-15 cm): brown or grayish, with even circles with darker scales. In young mushrooms, the scales are soft and velvety, but over time they become quite tough and larger. In adulthood, they can completely fall off, leaving the surface of the cap absolutely smooth. The shape gradually changes from convex to depressed, and sometimes becomes funnel-shaped.

Pay attention to the photo of the herringbone's hat - it was initially raised, then bent inward.

Thanks to the outgrowths-scales on the cap, the mushroom was named in Latin as tiled blackberries.

Leg (height 2-6 cm): smooth or slightly fibrous, of the same color as the cap, less often purple or lilac. Strong and thick, it has a cylindrical shape and tapers from bottom to top. It can be both hollow and solid.

Pulp: off-white or grayish, juicy in young mushrooms, with a pleasant spicy aroma, in old ones - dry and hard, with a rotten smell.

The spotted hedgehog was first described by Karl Linnaeus in 1753.

Doubles: a grungy black man's man (Sarcodon scabrosus), but it has a much smaller cap, and the very rare pineal pineal mushroom (Strobilomyces floccopus), whose cap is more variegated.

Other names: sheathed hedgehog, scaly hedgehog, shingle sarcodon, variegated sarcodon, kolchak, hawk.

When it grows: from mid-August to mid-October in temperate countries of the Eurasian continent.

Where can I find: on sandy soils of coniferous or mixed forests, most often next to pine trees.

Eating: considered a mushroom of low quality. Young black hairs are suitable for salting or as a seasoning, but only after the obligatory boiling for 8-10 minutes.

Application in traditional medicine: does not apply.

Important! Raw variegated barnacles can cause very severe eating disorders, therefore it is recommended to eat them only after being heated.

Mushroom the hedgehog comb

Fruiting body crested hedgehog(Hericium erinaceus)(up to 25 cm, weight about 2 kg): cream, yellowish or white, usually round, oval or irregular.

Pulp: fleshy, white in color, which changes to yellowish on drying.

Doubles: absent.

When it grows: from early August to mid-October in the Crimea, the Far East and China.

Where can I find: on the trunks of weakened or diseased trees, most often at the site of a break in the bark or branches of birches, beeches or oaks.

Eating: Black Herculean Mane is a rare mushroom, therefore it is not very widely available. It tastes like shrimp meat.

Application in traditional medicine (data not confirmed and not passed clinical trials!): for the treatment of diseases of the gastrointestinal tract - gastritis, ulcers, stomach oncology.

It is widely used in oriental medicine as a powerful immunostimulant.

Other names: hericium comb, mushroom noodles, lion's mane.

The French call the combed hedgehog Pom-Pom blanc, that is, "mushroom pom-pom", the Chinese - "houtougu" - "monkey head", and the British - lion's mane mushroom, which means "lion's mane". The Japanese name "yamabushitake" is also quite common.

Hericium yellow and photo of the mushroom

Hat yellow hedgehog(Hydnum repandum)(diameter 4-15 cm): light red or light orange, darkens noticeably as it ripens or with strong pressure. Very uneven, dense and fleshy, slightly convex, almost flat in the old mushroom. The edges are usually curved downward. On the inside of the cap there are thorns, thanks to which the hedgehog got its name. If the mushroom grows in a well-lit area, it will fade strongly under the influence of sunlight and become almost white or light yellow.

Leg (yellow hedgehog height 2-8 cm): cylindrical, usually widening downward. Often curved, with a smooth, dry surface. Usually yellow, like the cap, it darkens as it ripens.

Pulp: white or yellow, very brittle. As the fungus ages, it darkens and becomes hard. Has a rich fruity aroma. The old hedgehog has a bitter taste.

Little-known, but tasty and nutritious hedgehog grows in different parts of our country. He has more than a dozen species, many of which are listed in the Red Book. In this article, you can familiarize yourself with the description of each mushroom, read where it grows, see how it looks, get acquainted with the characteristics and find out whether it is edible or not.

This genus of mushrooms stands out from the rest in that it has hymenoforms in the form of conical thorns. Because of this distinctive feature, they were assigned to the same genus Gidnum, but were later divided into different families.

Alpine Hericium

People call it alpine, in science Hericium alpestre. It belongs to the edible species. It has one common short leg, from which branches grow. At the end of each branch, there are many hanging conical spines up to two centimeters long. It grows from five to thirty centimeters. During the ripening period it has a pure white color, with aging it darkens to light ocher shades.

The harvesting season starts in August until mid-autumn. Grows in mountainous areas and on the foothills, the favorite tree is fir, rarely found on the wood of other conifers.

Hericium white

In biology, it is called Hydnum albidum. Due to the great similarity with the yellow and red-yellow hedgehog, they are not described separately.

Hericium white has a strong leg up to six centimeters long and up to three centimeters in diameter, without voids at any age of the fungus. The cap is more often white, sometimes it is found with shades of yellow and gray, or in the form of washes. It grows to large sizes of 15-20 centimeters or even more, but more often it is from 5 to 12 cm. Small mushrooms have a convex cap with edges bent down, as it grows it becomes concave in the center. A dense hymenophore grows in the form of conical spines, elastic in young mushrooms and crumbling in adults.

Edible. You can harvest from July to October. It grows exclusively on calcareous soil in mixed and deciduous forests, in conifers it loves pine.

Hericium comb

The scientific name is Hericium erinaceus. It has no legs at all, the sedentary fruiting body is attached directly to the tree trunk and consists of many hanging spines from two to five centimeters. The older the mushroom, the more yellow the tips of the thorns.

This species grows in the Crimea and the Caucasus, in the Amur region, Primorsky and Khabarovsk territories. The mushroom is classified as edible, but is listed in the Red Book.

Hericium yellow

In Latin, Hydnum repandum. Very similar to a chanterelle, both in appearance and taste. The leg, slightly narrower at the base, expands near the cap, grows to 2.5 centimeters in diameter and up to 6 centimeters in length. The hat can be from pale white to bright yellow, almost orange, has an irregular shape with edges bent down to 15 centimeters. Flesh with a pleasant smell, firm and white.

This edible mushroom can be harvested from mid-summer to mid-autumn, with peak season in August. The yellow urchin grows in mixed, deciduous and coniferous forests in mossy places.

Coral Hericium

In biology, it is called Hericium coralloides and received for the similarity with sea corals. This edible hedgehog has a beautifully shaped fruiting body. It grows like a bush, from one leg there are many branched branches, with hanging spines at the ends. It can grow up to 20 centimeters. An overgrown mushroom has a tough pulp that is not suitable for consumption.

The harvesting season is from late July to the first month of autumn. Grows in deciduous forests on stumps and dead wood. It is very rare and is listed in the Red Book.

Hericium reddish yellow

Or in another way, Hydnum rufescens. He loves mossy places and meadows with low grass in mixed forests, rarely found in our country.

A red hat fades in the heat, has a wavy shape with fragile edges, grows up to 5-7 cm in diameter. The leg is about 4 cm, also with a red tint. The pulp without a pronounced taste, as the mushroom grows, hardens, especially the leg. Spore powder is white or creamy.

Edible, but in adulthood has a pronounced bitterness.

Harvesting time from mid-summer to early fall.

Motley Hericium

The Sarcodon Imbricatus cap grows up to 25 cm in diameter, its surface is velvety with scales. The pulp with a pleasant smell, dense and thick. The leg is solid, the same color as the cap, rarely of a purple hue, up to 8 cm high.

Grows in coniferous forests, on sandy soils. You can collect it from late summer until late autumn. Hericium is variegated edible, has a spicy taste.

Hericium striped

In biology, it is called Hydnellum concrescens, rarely found in nature. Unsuitable for food and inedible. The hat up to 12 cm is painted copper with pronounced stripes. The leg is thin, rust-colored. The hedgehog grows in groups, less often singly in mixed forests, loves birch forests. Distributed in Siberian forests, the Far East and the European part of Russia. Appears in August September, is a rare species.

Hericium's antennae

Scientific name Creolophus Cirrhatus. The body of the mushroom has a multilevel system due to the splicing of caps up to 12 cm in diameter, which are intricately twisted with each other. The shape resembles a kind of flower. The pulp is fleshy white or creamy. The top is rough as felt, the bottom hanging spines.

Grows in mixed forests, mainly on stumps and tree trunks. Edible and nutritious, it has a rich taste. You can pick it in August September, while the mushroom is young. At an old age, the barbel's mane hardens. It belongs to rare species and is listed in the Red Book.

Finnish ezhovik

Or Sarcodon fennicus bears great resemblance to the rough hedgehog. An extremely rare mushroom with a pleasant smell. Ripens in the first half of autumn and grows in both coniferous and mixed forests. Not poisonous, but considered inedible due to its bitter taste.

The irregularly wavy brown cap grows up to 15 cm in diameter. The pulp is dense, light yellow in the cap and blue-green at the bottom of the leg.

Hericium black

In Latin, Phellodon niger. A massive hat with a diameter of up to 8 cm in blue-black color, thanks to her, the mushroom got its common name. The fruit body grows through twigs, cones and needles, which gives the blackberry a unique shape. The pulp is woody, firm, dark in color. The leg is short, dark in color, does not clearly merge into the cap.

Grows in coniferous forests on pines and mossy places, rarely in mixed forests. You can find it from August to the end of October. Inedible due to its hardness.

Hericium grungy

Latin name Sarcodon scabrosus. A special feature is the cracks in the center of the cap of brown red color, with scales diverging to the edge. Long leg up to 10 cm in height and 2-2.5 cm in thickness has no ring. The flesh is soft, white at the top, and dark green at the bottom of the leg.

You can find it in the forest both in summer and autumn. Grows in conifers and deciduous forests, both in groups and alone. The taste with bitterness, which does not appear immediately, is therefore recognized as inedible.

North climacodon

Otherwise Climacodon septentrionalis. The mushroom is whatnot, has no legs, the caps grow in rows one above the other. It is based on weakened deciduous trees and reaches up to 30 kg of the weight of the fruiting body. The pulp is thick and firm with a noticeable odor. Inedible due to its woody consistency. Not poisonous. You can meet from mid-summer until late autumn.

Gelatinous pseudo-jelly (False jelly)

In a different way Pseudohydnum gelatinosum. The fruiting body grows like a tongue, emerging from one side of the stem. A gray hat up to 5 cm can change color depending on the amount of water. The pulp is jelly-like, tasteless and odorless.

The growing time is short, from late August to the first cold weather. The mushroom is edible, but its poor taste makes it useless. You can meet in the Ivanovo and Vladimir regions.

Phellodon fused

Phellodon connatus, a common fungus, is an inedible species. Loves coniferous forests and sandy soil. It grows in a group where several fruit bodies grow together. Its time begins in August and lasts until the end of November.

Composition and nutritional value

One hundred grams of fresh mushrooms contains:

Chemical composition:

• Cellulose
• Vitamin C
• Iron
• Potassium
• Calcium
• Magnesium
• Manganese
• Sodium

Useful properties and contraindications

Hericium grows widely in northern China and has long been used in alternative medicine. It is used to prepare infusions, decoctions and compresses. Infusion of Hydnum repandum is good for depressive conditions.

Due to its beneficial properties:

• Interaction in the central nervous system improves.
• The work of the gastrointestinal tract is normalized.
• It has an antibacterial effect and increases the resistance of the immune system.
• The work of the endocrine glands is stabilized.
• The condition of the skin, nails and hair improves.
• It has a beneficial effect on the respiratory system.

Despite its benefits, it is not popular with collectors, as it is poorly distributed and little known.

It is also used in traditional medicine, making ointments for skin diseases.

Like all mushrooms, black man's fungi are able to accumulate toxic substances in the fruit body and thereby harm the human body, therefore, it must be collected in clean areas.

Growing

You can grow a hedgehog in the country. Sowing is carried out from April to October in the open air; in closed myceliums, it is possible to grow all year round. Instead of soil, wood is used: coniferous or deciduous, depending on the type of fungus. Wet logs of fresh felling without branches will do. In length no more than a meter and a diameter of 15-20 centimeters. The dry material must be soaked for a couple of days, then let the excess water drain off.

The logs require preparation: drill holes 4 cm deep, 0.8 cm in diameter in a checkerboard pattern every 10 cm. With sterile gloves, mushroom sticks are tightly inserted into the holes. The tree is wrapped in plastic wrap, in which small slots are made for air to enter. Then they are placed in a warm and shady place and the moisture content of the wood is maintained by watering 2-3 times a week.

After the appearance of the mycelium filaments, the logs are moved into water for 24 hours. Then they are exposed vertically in a bright place. For the winter, the myceliums are sprinkled with dry leaves or transferred to the cellar.

The first crop will be harvested no earlier than in six months.

How to store?

Fresh mushrooms are not stored for long, without a refrigerator for a couple of hours, and they begin to darken. If it is not possible to cook immediately, then they can be kept in the refrigerator for a maximum of three days. Before you put it in the cold for storage, follow these simple rules:

• Rinse and soak in salt water for several hours to remove any pests.
• Dry and remove any damaged areas.
• Place in a deep bowl and cover tightly with a napkin.

Mushrooms absorb other odors very well, so store them separately from other foods. Do not pack in plastic bags.

For long-term storage, one of the popular methods is used - salting. Each housewife has many recipes with her own family traditions and secrets.

• -12 degrees 3 months
• -18 degrees 6 months
• -24 degrees 12 months

A more attractive option for long-term storage is drying for the winter. Dried mushrooms can be used to prepare a wide variety of dishes. With proper drying, they can be stored for up to two to three years.

In cooking

This mushroom has been highly appreciated by French culinary experts. In France, it is classified as a delicacy. The hedgehog is used in recipes for preparing side dishes, snacks and main dishes. Famous chefs prepare sauces with it, delicious dressings for soups.

The taste of young mushrooms resembles honey agarics, and tall hedgehogs are almost indistinguishable from chanterelles. Therefore, if the question arises of how to cook them, then exactly the same.

Among lovers of quiet hunting, there is an opinion that strongly grown mushrooms are not suitable for consumption, but this is more a question of proper preparation, where you can discover a delicate taste and delicate aroma.

To improve the taste and impart softness, boil the hedgehog in salted water before cooking. Although they are great for simple heat. Here's one quick way:

• Process mushrooms: rinse in running water, cut off excess.
• Preheat a skillet with oil.
• Chop and pour into a hot skillet.
• Fry over low heat, add onions after 5-10 minutes.
• Fry until tender.

It is good to stew the herd's mane with sour cream sauce. The mushrooms should be cut into large cubes, as they greatly decrease in size during the cooking process. For the sauce, add garlic, herbs and a pinch of salt to the sour cream. Add sour cream sauce to the mushrooms a couple of minutes until tender.

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Camelina mushrooms: benefits and harms. Camelina recipes

Blackberry (blackberry) comb is a rare representative of its kingdom. It is edible, healthy and delicious when cooked properly. However, this mushroom is not only quite rare, but also little-known, and therefore inexperienced mushroom pickers often bypass it.

Characteristic

The blackberry comb mushroom belongs to the Hericia family of the order Syroezhkovy. It is quite large and can be eaten. It can be described as follows:

• the body of the fungus is irregular, often pear-shaped or spherical, slightly flattened on the sides;
• adult blackberries are dark - from yellow to brown, young white or cream-colored;
• the weight of one mushroom can be up to 1.5 kg;
• width - no more than 20 cm;
• a lot of soft outgrowths, shaped like needles, their length is not more than 6 cm, hang from the lower surface of the body of the blackberry comb;

  On a note! It is this part of the fruiting body of the crested blackberry - the hymenophore that makes it very much like a hedgehog!

• dense flesh is whitish and does not darken even when cut, but when it dries it turns yellow;
• the taste of the pulp is compared to shrimp.

Blackberry (blackberry) is a saprotroph - an organism that receives the substances necessary for normal growth and development by destroying the body of other plants. Therefore, it can be found on stumps and tree trunks. The most preferable for this mushroom will be beech, birch or oak. At the same time, settling on living plants, he “selects” damaged places, for example, saw cuts and broken parts of large branches.

The blackberry comb mushroom is most common in zones with a warm and humid climate, therefore, it is most often found in the forests mainly of the Primorsky and Khabarovsk Territories, the Amur Region, in the Crimea, as well as in the Caucasus and northern China. As for the central and northern regions of the Russian Federation, it is extremely rare to find a blackberry mushroom in this territory.

The fruiting season begins in the last month of summer and lasts until mid-autumn. However, if you managed to find a blackberry mushroom on one of the trees, then further searches can be stopped at this, since it usually grows "alone".

Benefits and treatment

The medicinal properties of the blackberry comb mushroom have not yet been fully studied, nevertheless, something is still known about its benefits.

• Its extract helps to fight memory impairments, including in the elderly.
• It is believed that the substances present in its composition, with proper therapy, can prevent cancer.
• It is used as an anti-inflammatory and wound healing agent, as well as for getting rid of warts.
• Consumption of blackberry comb has a positive effect on the nervous system - depression and increased excitability recede.

  On a note! According to representatives of traditional medicine, blackberry preparations are able to correct the emotional state and ease the course of Parkinson's and Alzheimer's disease!

• When used, the concentration of cholesterol in the blood is reduced and the prevention of diseases of the vascular system is ensured.

On a note! The wild blackberry comb mushroom is now very rare, plus everything, it is listed in the Red Book. It is actively cultivated in some countries, including Russia, but although the product grown in this way is affordable, it is considered less useful!

Cooking features

There is an opinion that only young blackberries can be tasty, but this assumption is erroneous. A mature mushroom is quite capable of fully revealing all its taste qualities, and the recipe for making blackberry comb does not have any complex secrets - it just needs to be boiled in salted water. After a short heat treatment, the blackberries become softer, which allows them to be used in a wide variety of dishes.

Mushroom soup with melted cheese

For four servings you will need:

• blackberry mushroom - 300 g;
• chicken meat - 180 g;
• processed cheese - 200 g;
• potatoes - 3 medium tubers;
• butter - about a tablespoon;
• medium head of onion;
• salt pepper.

Pour one and a half liters of water into a saucepan and cook the chicken fillet for 20 minutes from the moment of boiling, salt. We take out the meat from the broth and set into small cubes.
Chop the onion finely and sauté it in butter for about 5 minutes. Chop the mushroom at random, boil it beforehand (if necessary) and add it to the onion. Stir, bring to taste with salt and pepper.

We return the broth to the stove and heat it up. Cut the potatoes into small cubes and send them to the broth. After a quarter of an hour, when the potatoes become soft, add the mushrooms and onions, and after another five to seven minutes add the chicken fillet.

At the end, add melted cheese to the pan and mix everything well until the last ingredient is completely dissolved.

Chinese style mushrooms with vegetables

Continues the recipes from the blackberry mushroom, a Chinese cuisine dish that is cooked in a wok. For two servings you will need:

• blackberry mushroom - 150-170 g;
• bell pepper - 2 pcs.;
• sesame seeds - a teaspoon;
• sesame oil - 20-30 ml;
• soy sauce - 30 ml;
• oyster sauce - half a teaspoon;
• sugar - half a teaspoon.

Thinly cut the mushrooms and boil if necessary. Cut the pepper into thin long strips.

Advice! The dish will look more appetizing if the bell peppers are colorful!

Heat the oil well in a wok and brown the mushrooms. Add pepper and fry everything until the latter softens. Pour in oyster sauce, then soy sauce, add the specified amount of sugar. Mix everything thoroughly and leave for about a minute. At the end, add the sesame seed, stir again and immediately remove from the stove. We keep under the lid for about 10 minutes, then serve.

Stewed blackberries in cream with lentils

For two servings you will need:

• blackberry mushroom - 200-250 g;
• lentils - 200 g;
• butter - a couple of tablespoons;
• chicken fillet - 100-150 g;
• cream - 150 ml;
• soy sauce - 20 ml;
• flour - a third of a teaspoon;
• rosemary, parsley, ground pepper.

We wash the lentils several times, fill them with water in a ratio of 1: 2 and cook for half an hour.

Dilute a tablespoon of butter in a frying pan and fry the mushrooms on it, which, if necessary, boil a little beforehand. In another frying pan, also heat the butter and brown the diced chicken fillet on it. When the meat is covered with an appetizing crust, add mushrooms, half a serving of cream, soy sauce, a sprig of rosemary, pepper to it. Mix everything, close the lid and leave for seven minutes.

Add flour to the rest of the cream and mix thoroughly. Pour the creamy flour mixture into the pan and cook with constant stirring for several minutes. When the mixture thickens enough, remove everything from the stove.

If you manage to get a blackberry comb, then by all means prepare one of the offered dishes from it. In addition, do not forget that this product is primarily a mushroom, and therefore it is quite possible to prepare it for future use, and then ... a couple of dried mushrooms added to soup or roast will certainly cheer you up on a cold winter evening.

All materials on the site are presented solely for informational purposes. Before using any means, a consultation with a doctor is MANDATORY!

Hericium mushroom grows everywhere in the European part of Russia, is found in the Far East, in Siberia, grows in North America and some countries of Eurasia. You can see it in coniferous and mixed forests. Hercules grow from mid-summer to the first frost, and, accordingly, they can be harvested during this period.

There are several varieties of the mushroom, but the most famous is the yellow hedgehog, which, probably, was met by all mushroom pickers.

These mushrooms look a lot like a chanterelle from above, but not all of them are picked because they are mistaken for toadstools. The reverse side of the cap is covered with brittle needle-like outgrowths, which crumble, especially in old mushrooms. The mushroom caps are convex, reaching 15 cm in diameter, with age, a depression appears in them, and the edges are bent inward. The stem of the mushroom expands at the base, it is slightly lighter than the cap.

Types of black man's

Today, there are about sixteen species of hedgehogs, different from each other in shape, size, color, and also suitability for food. Let's consider each of them in more detail:

Ezhovik Alpine... Belongs to the category of edible mushrooms. Hericium's mane looks very unusual: the mushroom has one short leg, from which branches stretch. Along the edges of each branch there are a large number of thorns, no more than two centimeters long, which hang down and have the shape of a cone. When the mushroom is fully ripe, its total size reaches from five to thirty centimeters. While the alpine hedgehog is growing, it is painted in a white shade. At a more mature age, the mushroom begins to darken and change its color to light brown. It grows near the mountains or in the foothills. In Russia, the hedgehog mushroom can be found in the forests of Karelia, the Irkutsk region, in the Primorsky, Krasnodar and Khabarovsk Territories, as well as in the Republic of Adygea. By the way, in the latter region, the Alpine hedgehog is listed in the Red Book. It is best to look for this hedgehog near a fir tree. Harvesting begins in August and ends in the second half of autumn. In cooking, very tasty dishes are prepared from this mushroom (dressings for soups, side dishes, sauces). Due to the fact that there is no milky sap in the fruit body of a hedgehog, the mushroom does not impart bitterness to the finished product.


Ezhovik White... Very often, such a mushroom is compared with a yellow and reddish-yellow hedgehog, since all these species are very similar to each other. The mushroom grows on a stalk that reaches six centimeters in height and three centimeters in diameter. A white hat is widespread, but sometimes the surface of the mushroom can be shades of gray or yellow. The size of the most common hedgehog hat reaches twelve centimeters. The shape of the cap in small mushrooms is convex, with edges curved downward, then the convex shape changes to a concave in the center. White Hericium is an edible mushroom, so it can be used in cooking. Harvesting begins in July and lasts until October. It can grow in both mixed and deciduous forests on limestone soil.


Ezhovik comb... The uniqueness of the mushroom lies in the fact that such a hedgehog lacks a leg, so the fruit body with a large number of thorns (up to five centimeters long) is attached directly to the tree trunk. In an adult fungus, the tips of the thorns turn yellow. Hericium erinaceus, although edible, is not recommended to collect, since the mushroom is listed in the Red Book. It is found in the forests of such regions as the Khabarovsk and Primorsky Territories, the Crimea, the Amur Region, the Caucasus.


Ezhovik devilish... Outwardly, this fungus is rather strange, but immediately attracts the eye. And all because on its surface there are droplets of red liquid of different sizes, which outwardly resemble blood. Small thorns grow below the cap. The skin of the cap is velvety. When the Devil's Mane stops growing, it turns brown and stops emitting red droplets. Also, this mushroom has other names: "devil's tooth", "strawberry with cream", "bloody mushroom" and "bleeding tooth". It grows mainly in the forests of North America, Australia and Europe. Unsuitable for food, since it is considered an inedible mushroom.


Ezhovik yellow... It also has other names, such as emblematic herchis, emissive hydnum, emissive dentinum. The mushroom looks and tastes somewhat like a chanterelle. The narrowed leg widens closer to the cap. At a more mature age, the height of the leg is six centimeters, and the diameter is two and a half centimeters. As for the hat, the yellow hedgehog may well have a light white or rich yellow hue. The shape of the mushroom cap is not quite correct, the edges are bent downward. The total length of the cap is about fifteen centimeters. The pulp of the mushroom is moderately dense, white in color, with a weak fruity aroma. Hericium yellow is considered an edible mushroom, so harvesting begins in the second half of summer (a lot of such mushrooms appear in August) and lasts until mid-autumn. The hedgehog mushroom can be found in different types of forest, but only near the moss. If this mushroom is already old, it is not recommended to eat it. Hericium yellow is suitable for pickling, drying, frying and boiling. In European countries, the mushroom is served as a side dish for meat or fish dishes, along with sauce.


Ezhovik coral... Some mushroom pickers also refer to the mushroom as coral, trellate or branched hericium. Outwardly it resembles sea corals. It grows in the form of a small bush on one leg, from which branches stretch, along the edges of which short thorns hang down. The mushroom can grow up to twenty centimeters. At a young age, the hedgehog is painted either white or creamy, and then the color darkens, becoming brown or yellow. The pulp can be of several colors: white, light pink or cream. If damaged, the flesh will turn red. Coral hedgehog is an edible mushroom, but only if not outgrown. In this case, the pulp becomes yellow and very tough and cannot be consumed. In cooking, the mushroom is fried, boiled and dried. Since the coral hedgehog is listed in the Red Book, it is extremely rare to find it. The favorite habitat of such fungi are stumps, dead woods, trunks or branches of dried trees. Her favorite trees are aspen, elm, beech and birch. Mushroom picking starts at the end of July and lasts until September. In Russia, the coral hedgehog is found in the Krasnodar Territory, Siberia, the Caucasus, the Urals and the Far East.


Ezhovik motley... Belongs to the conditionally edible type. It also has other names, such as chicken, tiled hedgehog, kolchak, motley blackberry, hawk and tiled sarcodon. While the mushroom is growing, its cap is convex, then it acquires a funnel-shaped shape. The surface of the cap is covered with dark brown scales. The pulp is dense in structure, spicy aroma, white tone, which eventually changes to gray-brown, and the pulp itself becomes bitter in taste. The motley hedgehog grows in dry coniferous forests on sandy soil. Harvesting begins in late summer and lasts until the end of autumn. In cooking, the black man's mushroom is fried, dried, pickled and salted.


Ezhovik striped... Not suitable for consumption as it is an inedible mushroom. The hedgehog looks like this: a velvety copper-tone hat with bright stripes, covered with small pores in the form of dots below, reaches twelve centimeters, rests on a thin leg, which has a rusty color. Although it is very difficult to find a striped hedgehog, it can still be found in mixed forests on decayed soil or near moss thickets in a small group. It grows from August to September.


Ezhovik redhead... Its other name is reddish yellow hedgehog. It belongs to the conditionally edible type of mushrooms. A herringbone's hat with a smooth surface, yellowish or red-orange in color, not quite regular in shape (sometimes it can be oval or ovoid) and about 6-12 centimeters in diameter, as well as with thin and rather brittle edges. If there is a severe drought on the street for a long time, the head of a red-headed hedgehog is painted in an ivory shade. Under the bottom of the cap there are small and brittle spines that can crumble from one touch. The stem of the mushroom is fluffy and grows up to six centimeters in height. The pulp is white, quite fragile, almost tasteless. In an adult mushroom, the flesh becomes firmer. Red-haired hedgehog mushroom grows in mixed forests in small groups. They can be seen in low grass or moss. Before preparing any dish from this mushroom, boil the gingerbread man's man (mushroom broth is not recommended). Boiled mushrooms can be fried, dried and salted.


Ezhovik tendril... The fruiting body of the fungus consists of a multilevel system, since its caps (each with a diameter of about twelve centimeters) begin to grow together, and then twist with each other. Visually, such a mushroom is somewhat like a flower. The flesh is rather fleshy, cream or pure white in color. The surface of the hedgehog is rough to the touch, and small thorns hang down from the bottom. It grows on tree trunks and stumps in mixed forests, and also likes very humid places. Harvesting lasts from August to September. Belongs to the category of edible mushrooms, but it is best to eat such a hedgehog while the mushroom is still young, otherwise it will then age and the pulp becomes too tough. Since the barbel hedgehog is listed in the Red Book as a very rare species of mushrooms, it is not recommended to pluck it, so that the species does not completely disappear.


Ezhovik Finnish... This mushroom is outwardly similar to a rough hedgehog, sometimes it is confused with a variegated hedgehog. The Finnish Hericium belongs to an inedible type of mushroom. A mushroom cap with a smooth surface, convex or flat-convex, brown, red-brown, slightly lighter at the edges. The leg is slightly curved, narrowed at the base, smooth, can be either red-brown, dark olive, blue-green or black. The flesh of the Finnish hedgehog is quite dense, bitter in taste, but with a pleasant aroma, white or light yellow in the cap. The mushroom appears in early autumn. Can be found in mixed and coniferous forests.


Ezhovik black... Its other name is black phellodon. Since the flesh of the mushroom is too hard, the described hedgehog belongs to the category of inedible mushrooms. Found in coniferous forests on pine trees. It grows from the second month of summer until October. The cap of a mushroom with a velvety dry surface, massive, blue-black color, no more than eight centimeters in diameter, is attached to a dark, thick, short leg. The pulp is also dark, quite firm and woody.


Ezhovik rough... The mushroom is also referred to as rough sarcodone. It belongs to the inedible species, since it is characterized by a bitter taste. The hat is dark brown in color with the presence of a red tinge, irregular in shape, with a scaly surface on which small purple-brown spines about one centimeter long grow. The stalk of the mushroom is thick, growing to a maximum of eight centimeters, with a rich dark brown or brownish red hue. The flesh of the cap is light in color, and closer to the leg it is light blue, has a flour smell. The consistency of the mushroom pulp is comparable to that of cheese. Such mushrooms are found in pine forests from August to October. Most of all they bear fruit in September.


Climacodon northern... Also referred to as the northern hedgehog. Refers to an inedible type of mushroom. It looks very unusual, because such a hedgehog has no leg, and the caps are attached in rows to the tree trunk. The color of the mushroom is yellow-gray. At a more mature age, the caps become whitish or green from mold. The surface is smooth, the edges are wavy. The pulp is light, moderately leathery, quite dense and thick, with an unpleasant odor. They appear in the forests with the arrival of summer.


Pseudo-dog gelatinous... The fruiting body of the fungus is either tongue-shaped or leaf-shaped. The leg is attached to the side of the head. The latter is characterized by a brown or off-white color. The structure of the pulp is similar to jelly, practically tasteless and without any odor. The mushroom is rare. It begins to grow at the end of summer, and stops bearing fruit with the onset of cold weather. The gelatinous mushroom mushroom is edible, but there is no benefit from it, therefore many culinary experts consider it a useless product and rarely use it for cooking.


Phellodon accrete... The described hedgehog is inedible, its cap is wavy, black and gray, white, short thorns grow from below, which turn into a violet-gray shade with age. The fruit stem of the mushroom is black, thin and short. Grows in coniferous forests near pine trees on sandy soil. Phellodon appears, which grows together around August and grows until October.

When collecting black man's mushrooms, you should initially carefully read their description and photo. As you can see, among this species there are also inedible mushrooms that are dangerous to health.

Useful properties of the Black Herb's Mane

Of all the types of these mushrooms, it is the hedgehog's mane, often called "lion's mane", that has the greatest number of beneficial properties and has been used for many years in the famous Chinese medicine, and as a food additive is also used in other countries. This mushroom contains substances needed to promote health and antioxidants. Consuming mushrooms helps fight depression and anxiety. Alternative medicine advocates argue that taking herbal remedies helps to cope with emotional disturbances and alleviates the manifestations of diseases such as Alzheimer's and Parkinson's. In addition, regular consumption of mushrooms or preparations from them lowers blood cholesterol levels, strengthens the immune system and is a prophylactic agent for oncology.

In case of gastric ulcer, the use of a barnacle comb eliminates the effect of acid on the walls of the stomach, and also helps to restore the mucous membrane of the stomach. In addition, the mushroom helps improve blood flow in the digestive organs.

It has been clinically tested and proven that the Black Herb's Mane successfully copes with diseases such as:

pituitary adenoma;

BPH;

• stomach cancer;

  lungs' cancer;

  mammary cancer;

  liver cancer;

  esophageal carcinoma;

Korean scientists claim that the extract of this mushroom helps relieve side effects after undergoing chemotherapy.

The fungus is able to activate the T-lymphocytes and B-lymphocytes of the immune system, thereby increasing the growth rate of lymphocytes (twice) and their total number (three times).

In alternative medicine, the black-haired hedgehog has established itself as an excellent means of combating impotence, insomnia, and disruption of the central nervous system.

Also, the mushroom as an antiseptic is used to get rid of bronchitis, lung diseases and atrophic gastritis.

In addition, Black Heron's Mane speeds up the digestion of food, improving metabolism and overall health.

Cooking use

Hericiums are widely used in cooking because they are incredibly tasty and nutritious, and if cooked correctly, they can delight the most fastidious gourmets. Even in France, in a country where the delicate and refined taste of dishes is appreciated, the black man's man is considered a delicious delicacy.

Soups are made from these mushrooms, they are added to sauces and gravies, and they add flavor to vegetable stews. They are used as a side dish, they are combined with chicken and fish, and pies are baked with them. Young mushrooms are similar to honey mushrooms, their taste is more pronounced.

To prepare a delicious dish from more mature mushrooms, you first need to boil them in salted water, and then you can fry or bake the barnacles, and their taste will be great.

The benefits of herbal mushrooms and treatment

The benefits of the barnacle mushroom have not yet been studied well enough, but, nevertheless, it is known that the consumption of these mushrooms helps to fight senile dementia protecting against memory problems. Hericium Erinaceus helps fight leukemia by being a natural substance used to prevent cancer. The mushroom is used to treat inflammation, heal wounds and as a remedy for warts.

Not only the hedgehog's mane is used in medicine, but other varieties of such a mushroom have medicinal properties that help to cope with many diseases.

For example, if you regularly eat yellow hedgehog, you can strengthen the body and renew the blood. Also, on the basis of this mushroom, medicinal ointments and masks are made that help get rid of various skin diseases and restore tone to the skin of the face.

Coral Hericium is popularly used to enhance immunity, treat diseases of the stomach and intestines, respiratory organs. A special tincture is made from the mushroom, which helps to get rid of the nematode. Due to the fact that the coral hedgehog is able to restore the growth of nerve cells, the fungus is used in the treatment of Alzheimer's disease.

Rufous Hericium is used to fight infectious bacteria such as staphylococcus aureus. The use of such fungi normalizes hair, skin and nails, toning the entire body. Just like the yellow hedgehog, the red hedgehog is taken for the preparation of ointments and masks for the treatment of skin diseases.

The extract from barbel's mane is used in the treatment of gastric and respiratory diseases. Mushroom infusions help relieve gastritis pain, and are also used as a preventive measure against gastrointestinal cancer.

Harm and contraindications

Long-term use of the barnacle mushroom is associated with the possible manifestation of allergies in sensitive people and the appearance of asthma attacks. Accordingly, such mushrooms are contraindicated in the presence of intolerance to the product. In addition, the use of black hairs is contraindicated for pregnant and breastfeeding women, young children, as well as people with diseases of the digestive system. This is due to the fact that mushrooms are considered a heavy product that puts a lot of stress on the digestive tract.

Hericium is a mushroom that is found almost throughout Russia, as well as in Siberia. In addition, it can be seen in some European countries and North America. The hedgehog grows in conifers and mixed foxes, and you can go on a "quiet hunt" for it from mid-July until the first frost.

At the same time, the hedgehog is a mushroom that may well claim to be the most underestimated among its relatives. The thing is that many mushroom pickers are simply afraid to collect it because of the similarity of the most common species - the yellow barnyard - p. The fact that the prejudice against the blackjack is unfounded is evidenced by the fact that it is these mushrooms that are most actively stored for the winter.

Types of mushrooms

It is noteworthy that the name "hedgehog" unites at least ten separate species of mushrooms, often endowed with very distant external similarities. However, one common characteristic they have is the hymenophore (the lower surface of the cap) in the form of small thorns. It is partly because of them that mushroom pickers are not so fond of herd's men: the thing is that the outgrowths of the hymenophore are very brittle, they quickly come off, staining the rest of the "catch".

So, hedgehogs are representatives of several families at once: hedgehogs (yellow and reddish hedgehogs), bankers (black hedgehogs, felt, variegated and rough), hericia (coral, comb and antennae), exsidia (gelatinous hedgehogs).

It is noteworthy that, although representatives of almost all of the listed species theoretically grow on the territory of Russia, you can not even count on meeting some of them in the forest. Many hedgehogs are not just rare mushrooms, but are listed in the Red Book. Therefore, it does not make much sense to describe them in detail, but instead it is better to closely study the most common edible mushroom from this group - the yellow hedgehog.

Hericium yellow - general characteristics

The yellow hedgehog or Hydnum repandum has several names. It is known to specialists as notched hidnium and notched dentinum.

The "visiting card" of this mushroom is its cap. It has a delicate cream shade, and its underside is covered with very brittle "needles" of the same color as the surface of the cap. The diameter of the cap varies from three to twelve centimeters and, despite its rigidity, it is quite fragile. Young mushrooms have convex caps, with a well-perceptible floral aroma and slight pubescence. In their "older" counterparts, they are depressed, with a clearly visible depression in the center. At the same time, the color of the pulp is also different: the younger the mushroom, the lighter it is.

The leg of the notched barnacle is usually somewhat lighter than the cap, and rather thick. Moreover, it can be elongated, as a result of which the mushroom can be confused with a toadstool.

You can go on a "quiet hunt" for yellow hedgehogs from July to September. They feel comfortable in any soil, in deciduous, coniferous, and mixed forests, but most often they live among birches. At the same time, mushrooms often grow in so-called "witch circles" and even grow together with hats and legs, as if in a round dance. They love moss and coolness very much.

Composition and calorie content

In terms of its chemical composition, the mushroom boasts a high content of proteins and, as well as a wide range of and. At the same time, the energy value of 100 g of the product is 22 Kcal. The composition of food elements is as follows: 3.09 g of proteins, 3.26 g of carbohydrates, 1 g of dietary fiber and 0.34 g of fat.

In addition, 100 g of pulp contains 0.05 g, 0.16 g and 2 mg of campesterol steroid alcohol.

It is very important, going on a "quiet hunt", to remember about the properties of mushrooms to accumulate toxins and salts of heavy metals. Therefore, black hairs should be collected exclusively in areas with favorable ecology.

An important distinguishing characteristic of mushrooms is also the fact that, unlike other products, even after culinary processing, useful substances are preserved in them almost in full.

Beneficial features

Hydnum repandum is a mushroom that is not only widely used for food, but is also actively used by traditional medicine specialists due to its unique chemical composition.

So, biologically active elements present in the composition of the yellow hedgehog are:

1. Campesterol. In terms of its molecular structure, this substance resembles an organic one. Once in the body, campesterol combines with "bad" cholesterol and promotes its natural excretion from the body.
2. Glutamic acid, to which the mushroom pulp owes its piquant taste, promotes muscle tissue regeneration and is a source of energy that is not inferior.
3. Aspartic acid helps to normalize the functioning of the endocrine system. In addition, it promotes the synthesis of growth hormones.
4. Potassium is responsible for maintaining water and electrolyte balance. It also helps to normalize heart rate and blood pressure readings.
5. Nicotinic acid is an active participant in protein synthesis and energy metabolism.

The presence in the diet of meals from a black man's man can replenish the reserve of nutrients if, for some reason, a person refuses to eat animal proteins. In particular, the pulp of this mushroom helps to recuperate after intense physical activity.

In addition, the yellow hair man:

1. Boasts a pronounced antibacterial effect. The substances that make up it help fight E. coli, staphylococci, streptococci. Experienced mushroom pickers know well: if you accidentally scratch or hurt yourself in the forest, you should apply the milky juice of a black man's mane to the wound. It will prevent infection and arrest the inflammatory process. Naturally, this does not exclude the need to treat the wound with an antiseptic after returning home.
2. Helps to increase vitality, build muscle mass during active sports.
3. It helps in the fight against depression, improves mood. Helps stabilize the nervous system, normalize sleep.
4. Accelerates the elimination of toxins and toxins from the body, improves peristalsis.
5. Helps to remove "harmful" cholesterol, increases the elasticity of the walls of blood vessels, increases their tone.
6. Helps restore radiance to the skin, making hair more shiny and silky.
7. Stimulates the production of red blood cells, normalizing the blood formula.

Healers of antiquity were already aware of the medicinal properties of the hedgehog. So, in the Chinese medical treatises of the past centuries, there are recipes for tinctures based on this mushroom, which help to lower blood pressure and improve sleep. In addition, ointments used for skin diseases have long been made from these mushrooms, as well as space masks that effectively nourish the skin and have a tonic and rejuvenating effect.

Harm and contraindications

The restrictions on the use of the product are practically no different from the medical prohibitions relating to other mushrooms. So, to exclude them from the diet should be people suffering from pancreatitis and disorders in the work of the biliary tract. In addition, meals from the black man's men are not suitable for those who have been diagnosed with gastritis with high acidity and any liver diseases. Allergy sufferers should use this mushroom with caution.

It is also worth recalling that any mushrooms must be excluded from the menu of children under the age of five, as well as pregnant women.

Taste and use in cooking

Hericium yellow is a mushroom that is not very popular, although its taste is excellent. Moreover, unlike many other mushrooms, it almost does not decrease in size during heat treatment due to the fact that its flesh is very dense.

It is noteworthy that, in spite of the fact that the black man's mane is yellow - a mushroom certainly edible, in cooking it is still recommended to use only young specimens. The thing is that in old mushrooms, the pulp acquires a distinct bitterness. At the same time, in young hedgehogs, it tastes very good, has a characteristic aroma with notes of walnut and a slight sourness.

Hericium yellow are suitable for pickling, cooking and drying. They can also be fried. It is curious that in France and some other European countries, these mushrooms are used as a side dish accompanying meat and fish dishes. They are usually served with a variety of sauces. They are also added to salads.

Please note that it is better to remove all spike-like outgrowths from the hymenophore before sending your "catch" to a saucepan or frying pan. The thing is that during heat treatment they fall off, as a result of which your roast runs the risk of turning into a kind of porridge-spread.

As noted above, there are many culinary uses for this mushroom. First of all, of course, hedgehogs can be dried. To do this, thoroughly clean your "catch", remove the needles from the back of the cap and spread the hedgehogs evenly on the prepared surface. When they are a little dry, they can either be strung on a thread, as our grandmothers dried mushrooms, or put in an oven preheated to 35 ° C. The finished product must be packaged in glass jars and carefully sealed.

Another option is to make a fragrant French mushroom sauce.

To do this, you will need not only fresh (400 g), but also dried (15 g) mushrooms, a glass of dry white wine, as well as one onion, stems (200 g) and several cloves. Dried hedgehogs should be thoroughly washed, placed in an enamel container and filled with cold so that it completely covers them.

While the mushrooms are soaking, you need to prepare the vegetables.

To do this, finely chop a medium-sized onion and squeeze out three garlic cloves. Wash the celery stalk, remove the outer shell and leaves, and chop thoroughly.

Throw the dried mushrooms in a colander, and then transfer to paper towels to absorb excess moisture. After that, finely chop them.

The next step is to pour 50 g of vegetable oil into a frying pan with high sides, heat and add vegetables and dried hedgehogs. Cooking the mixture should be covered for five minutes, over very low heat, stirring occasionally to avoid crusting. After that, the mixture is sent to a blender, water is poured into the same place, and also added. The crushed workpiece is salted to taste and stewed for three minutes over very low heat.

Cut fresh mushrooms into slices, fry in a pan (ten minutes) and add to the vegetable mixture. Simmer for about seven to ten minutes, stirring constantly. This sauce is suitable for meat and fish.

Italian salad

In a ceramic bowl, combine a tablespoon of anchovy paste, one and a half tablespoons, two tablespoons of grated each, and. Squeeze two cloves of garlic into the mixture.

Boil 200 g of black hairs for a quarter of an hour in salted water and let cool. Cut them into slices, add the boiled chicken breast pieces and ten sliced ​​in half. Season with salt and pepper, put the dressing on top and, without stirring, send to the refrigerator. After four hours, remove and mix thoroughly. Salad ready.