How many physical education lessons should there be in. Increasing the number of hours of physical education in schools. X. Hygienic requirements for the regime of the educational process
At first school year The Rospotrebnadzor Administration for the Tomsk Region receives many questions from parents about the organization of the educational process and the distribution of the teaching load of students in schools.
The hygienic requirements for the regime of the educational process in schools are regulated by the sanitary and epidemiological rules and norms of SanPiN 2.4.2.2821-10 "Sanitary and epidemiological requirements for the conditions and organization of education in educational institutions».
The number of hours allotted for lesson and extracurricular activities should not in aggregate exceed the value of the maximum weekly educational load.
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Classes |
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2-4cl. |
8-9cl. |
10-11cl. |
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at a 6-day week, no more |
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at a 5-day week, no more |
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In institutions with in-depth study of individual subjects, lyceums and gymnasiums, education is carried out only in the first shift. In institutions working in two shifts, the teaching of the 1st, 5th, final 9th and 11th grades and classes of compensatory education should be organized in the first shift.
The maximum allowable load during the day is:
For students of 1st grade - should not exceed 4 lessons and 1 day per week - no more than 5 lessons, at the expense of a lesson physical culture;
For students in grades 2-4 - no more than 5 lessons and once a week 6 lessons at the expense of a physical education lesson with a 6-day school week;
For students in grades 5 - 6 - no more than 6 lessons;
For students in grades 7-11 - no more than 7 lessons.
Modern scientific research it was found that the biorhythmological optimum of mental performance in school-age children falls on the interval of 10-12 hours. During these hours, the greatest efficiency of assimilation of the material is noted with the lowest psychophysiological costs of the body. Therefore, for students of grade 1, the most difficult subjects must be carried out in lesson 2; 2-4 grades - 2-3 lessons; for students in grades 5-11 - 2-4 lessons.
The mental performance of students is not the same on different days of the school week. Its level increases by the middle of the week and remains low at the beginning (Monday) and at the end (Friday) of the week. Therefore, the distribution of the study load during the week is built in such a way that its largest volume falls on Tuesday and (or) Wednesday.
The duration of the lesson (academic hour) in all classes should not exceed 45 minutes, with the exception of grade 1. The training of "first graders" is carried out in compliance with the following additional requirements:
Training sessions are held for a 5-day school week and only on the first shift;
Using the "stepwise" mode of teaching in the first half of the year (in September, October - 3 lessons a day, 35 minutes each, in November-December - 4 lessons, 35 minutes each; January - May - 4 lessons, 45 minutes each) ;
Training is carried out without point assessment of students' knowledge and homework;
Additional weekly holidays in the middle of the third quarter in the traditional study mode.
The duration of the breaks between lessons is at least 10 minutes, to organize the meals of the children after 2 and 3 lessons, two breaks are set, 20 minutes each.
To meet the biological need for movement, regardless of the age of students, it is recommended to conduct at least 3 lessons of physical education per week. Physical education classes are recommended to be included in the last lessons; after physical education lessons, lessons with written assignments and tests are not held.
Is there 3 hours of physical education in the curriculum for primary school students in the 2016-2017 academic year?
Answer
The third hour of physical education can be spent in extracurricular activities. For classes that have not switched to, the organization of the third compulsory hour of physical culture is carried out taking into account the regional BUP in the framework of the current legislation
In 2010, by order of the Ministry of Education and Science of Russia No. 889 of August 30, 2010, in the federal basic curriculum (hereinafter referred to as BUP) and approximate curricula for general educational organizations (hereinafter referred to as PLO), the third compulsory hour of physical culture was fixed in order to increase the volume of physical activity students, development of their physical qualities, improvement of physical fitness, instilling skills in a healthy lifestyle.
"Sanitary and epidemiological requirements for the conditions and organization of training in educational institutions", approved. Resolution of the Chief State Sanitary Doctor of the Russian Federation of December 29, 2010 No. 189 (hereinafter - SanPiN 2.4.2.2821-10) regulated the norms for the use of sports facilities, places for physical culture and sports (clause 3.4), suggested recommendations for holding events on a fresh air,.
In accordance with the minutes of the meeting of the expert council of the Ministry of Education and Science of the Russian Federation dated November 2, 2011 No. 2 and dated December 21, 2011 No. 3, a number of educational programs were recommended for use to expand the basic content of physical education lessons (mini-table tennis programs, fitness aerobics, etc.).
The third obligatory hour of physical culture was introduced by increasing the maximum permissible weekly load by one hour. It was forbidden to replace physical education lessons with other subjects.
The situation has changed in connection with 2.4.2.2821-10, approved. by the decree of the Chief State Sanitary Doctor of the Russian Federation of 24.11. 2015 № 81. According to this edition, it is allowed to organize physical education classes as part of the extracurricular activities of students.
Clause 10.20 of SanPiN 2.4.2.2821-10 received the following wording: "To satisfy the biological need for movement, regardless of the age of students, it is recommended to conduct at least 3 physical education lessons (in the classroom and extracurricular) per week, provided in the volume of the total weekly load. It is not allowed to replace physical education classes with other subjects".
The indicated change is predominantly related to the general education program, developed in accordance with the Federal State Educational Standard of General Education, since the very concept of extracurricular activities is regulated only by the Federal State Educational Standard of General Education and is not included in the requirements of the Federal State Educational Standard. For classes that have not transferred to the Federal State Educational Standard, the organization of the third compulsory hour of physical culture is carried out taking into account the regional BUP in the framework of the current legislation.
Relevant now:
The Public Chamber of the Russian Federation considered the concept of modernization of the subject "Physical culture". The document is supposed to be sent to the government by the end of 2017. After the concept is approved, it is planned to be implemented within three years. But schoolchildren will be able to attend the first physical education lessons of the new format already at the end of the school year.
Since 2010, the third hour of physical education has been introduced in schools by increasing the maximum permissible weekly educational load. Physical education also received the status of the main academic subject of general education, therefore, it is impossible to replace this third hour, for example, with a foreign language or mathematics.
What to devote the third hour is left to the discretion of the school. For example, many educational institutions of the Moscow region have introduced chess lessons on a permanent basis. Sambo, rugby and rhythmic gymnastics have become equally popular "substitutes" for the standard approach to physical education lessons.
Now in domestic pedagogy, there are two approaches to the subject, both have their pros and cons. The first is academic, with an emphasis on different types warm-ups, passing standards, crosses, conducts theoretical lessons on healthy eating and healthy way life. Another approach implies that physical education is a time of entertainment and outdoor games in which you can let off steam after a long sitting at a desk.
At the same time, in both cases, the lessons lack attention to the peculiarities of the child's body at a certain age, experts admit.
“Education does not allow modern teachers to teach high-quality, for example, gymnastics in the lower grades. Therefore, the lessons are held in a playful orientation. Children come to the lesson, they are given a ball, pointed to the ring, and then they themselves are trying to develop. And at the wrong time, ”said the honored coach of Russia Irina Chernyshkova. Such a scientific and pedagogical error is often encountered when
children are required to develop strength and endurance, while, according to scientists, these physical qualities begin to develop at a later age, the expert adds.
The concept takes into account in what period of growing up what qualities need to be developed for children. So, for preschool education performing gymnastic exercises through games will be considered the norm. IN primary school the guys will be able to start performing basic gymnastics exercises, the games will become developmental. Basic general education will provide for a set of exercises that will allow adolescents to improve their physical qualities, such as flexibility, coordination and strength development, and secondary general education - the development of endurance, physical improvement.
In addition to the distribution of types of load by age, the concept also takes into account the general physiological development of children. The participants in the discussion noted that the physical condition of the younger generation is significantly reduced. The majority of students have poorly developed flexibility and coordination abilities, and according to doctors, this is an indicator of aging, since insufficiently developed motor skills are an instrument of negative influence on the development of the brain.
However, changes in physical education lessons will affect not only children, but also adults. In particular, the concept provides for work with parents, who should not by all means protect the child from the satrap-teacher, but on the contrary, stimulate the student to go to lessons. According to the authors of the concept, it is necessary to work with physicians, who too easily write out certificates for exemption from physical education. And this, experts say, undermines the relevance of the subject.
Of course, special attention is paid to physical education teachers.
The priority for him, according to the concept, should not be so much teaching the exercises as teaching how to perform these exercises correctly so that the child does not get injured.
It should be borne in mind that in the past year alone, 211 children died during physical education lessons. However, according to the Minister of Education Olga Vasilyeva, the reason is not in the qualifications of teachers, but in the fact that schools do not have access to students' medical records and do not always know about any risk factors.
“In physical education lessons, injuries do often occur,” Viktor Panin, chairman of the All-Russian Society for the Protection of the Rights of Consumers of Educational Services, explained to Gazeta.Ru. “Recently there was only a story of this kind:
a ball was loaded into the child's head during a physical education lesson. She generally had an exemption from the lesson, she sat on the bench, and the guys played volleyball. At the same time, as often happens, the teacher looked in the other direction.
Unfortunately, she didn’t say anything to the teacher, didn’t go to the doctor, but it was found out already at home, so it was already difficult to figure it out. Actually, this is what usually happens: the teacher does not fulfill the safety requirements in the classroom - either does not have the appropriate qualifications, or is simply negligent in the performance of his official duties. And children are children. With improper use of sports equipment and without supervision from the teacher, the risk of injury is very high. "
According to Panin, the installation of cameras in gyms can help reduce injuries in physical education lessons. “There are cameras in many schools, they were installed before the elections.
But, as a rule, they are installed either in corridors or in separate classrooms. I believe that it would be worth considering this issue as part of the introduction of the concept, since this would contribute to the growth of discipline in physical education lessons - both from the teacher's side and from the side of children, ”the expert said.
President of the All-Russian Education Foundation Sergei Komkov believes that in modern schools there is a lack of qualified physical education teachers.
“We have long had a question about the level of training of such teachers, because our pedagogical universities have very sharply lowered the bar.
Physical education teacher training programs require a very serious revision, "he explained to Gazeta.Ru.
In addition, schools lack very serious medical supervision during the period of physical education lessons, Komkov said. Together with the teacher, a medical worker must necessarily work, because physical culture is always associated with a certain risk - regardless of whether it is games or passing standards.
“Another point is the material equipment of the halls and everything that is connected with conducting physical education lessons. We are sorely lacking normal gyms. Schools are being built, but they are often rented out without appropriate complexes - games, sports, for elementary morning exercises, ”added the President of the All-Russian Education Foundation.
School: basic, secondary general education
Resolution of the Chief State Sanitary Doctor of the Russian Federation of December 29, 2010 N 189 (as amended on December 25, 2013) "On the approval of SanPiN 2.4.2.2821-10" Sanitary and epidemiological requirements for the conditions and organization of training in general education organizations "
X. Hygienic requirements for the regime of the educational process.
10.1. Optimal age of onset schooling- not earlier than 7 years. In the 1st grades, children of the 8th or 7th year of life are accepted. Children of the 7th year of life are admitted when they reach the age of at least 6 years 6 months by September 1 of the school year.
The occupancy of classes, with the exception of classes of compensatory education, should not exceed 25 people.
10.2. Education of children under 6 years 6 months by the beginning of the school year is recommended to be carried out in a preschool educational institution or in a general educational organization in compliance with all hygienic requirements for the conditions and organization of the educational process for preschool children.
10.3. To prevent overwork of students in the annual calendar curriculum, it is recommended to provide for an even distribution of periods of study time and vacations.
10.4. Training sessions should start no earlier than 8 hours. Zero lessons are not allowed.
In institutions with in-depth study of individual subjects, lyceums and gymnasiums, training is carried out only in the first shift.
In institutions working in two shifts, the teaching of the 1st, 5th, final 9th and 11th grades and classes of compensatory education should be organized in the first shift.
Education in 3 shifts in general education organizations is not allowed.
10.5. The number of hours allotted for the development by students of the curriculum of a general educational organization, consisting of a compulsory part and a part formed by the participants of the educational process, should not in aggregate exceed the value of the weekly educational load.
The value of the weekly educational load (the number of training sessions), realized through class and extracurricular activities, is determined in accordance with Table 3.
Table 3.
Hygiene requirements for the maximum values of the weekly educational load
The organization of specialized training in grades 10-11 should not lead to an increase in the educational load. The choice of a training profile should be preceded by career guidance work.
10.6. The educational weekly load is evenly distributed throughout the academic week, while the volume of the maximum allowable load during the day is:
For students of the 1st grade - should not exceed 4 lessons and 1 day a week - no more than 5 lessons, due to a physical education lesson;
For students in grades 2-4 - no more than 5 lessons, and once a week 6 lessons at the expense of a physical education lesson with a 6-day school week;
For students in grades 5-6 - no more than 6 lessons;
For students in grades 7-11 - no more than 7 lessons.
The lesson schedule is compiled separately for compulsory and optional lessons. Extracurricular activities should be scheduled for days with the fewest required lessons. It is recommended that you take a break of at least 45 minutes between the start of the extracurricular activities and the last lesson.
10.7. The schedule of lessons is made taking into account the daily and weekly mental performance of students and the scale of difficulty of academic subjects (these sanitary rules).
10.8. When scheduling lessons, you should alternate subjects of different complexity during the day and week: for students of the I stage of education, basic subjects (mathematics, Russian and foreign language, natural history, computer science) alternate with music lessons, visual arts, labor, physical culture; for students of the II and III stages of education, subjects of the natural and mathematical profile should be alternated with humanitarian subjects.
For students of grade 1, the most difficult subjects should be carried out in lesson 2; 2-4 classes - 2-3 lessons; for students in grades 5-11 for 2-4 lessons.
There are no double lessons in primary grades.
During the school day, no more than one test should be carried out. Testing is recommended to be carried out in 2-4 lessons.
10.9. The duration of a lesson (academic hour) in all classes should not exceed 45 minutes, with the exception of class 1, in which the duration is regulated by clause 10.10. of these sanitary rules, and a compensating class, the duration of the lesson in which should not exceed 40 minutes.
The density of the educational work of students in the classroom in the main subjects should be 60-80%.
10.10. Education in the 1st grade is carried out in compliance with the following additional requirements:
- training sessions are held for a 5-day school week and only in the first shift;
- using a "stepwise" mode of teaching in the first half of the year (in September, October - 3 lessons a day, 35 minutes each, in November-December - 4 lessons of 35 minutes each; January - May - 4 lessons of 45 minutes each) ;
- it is recommended to organize a dynamic pause of at least 40 minutes in the middle of the school day;
- training is carried out without point assessment of students' knowledge and homework;
- additional weekly holidays in the middle of the third quarter with a traditional training regimen.
10.11. To prevent fatigue and maintain an optimal level of performance during the week, students should have a light school day on Thursday or Friday.
10.12. The duration of the breaks between lessons is at least 10 minutes, the big break (after 2 or 3 lessons) - 20-30 minutes. Instead of one big break, it is allowed to set two breaks of 20 minutes each after 2 and 3 lessons.
Organizing outdoor activities is recommended. For this purpose, when carrying out a daily dynamic pause, it is recommended to increase the duration of a big break to 45 minutes, of which at least 30 minutes is allocated for organizing motor-active types of activities of students on the sports ground of the institution, in the gym or in recreation.
10.13. The break between shifts should be at least 30 minutes for wet cleaning in the premises and airing them, in case of an unfavorable epidemiological situation for disinfection treatment, the break is increased to 60 minutes.
10.14. The use in the educational process of innovative educational programs and technologies, class schedules, training modes is possible in the absence of their adverse effect on the functional state and health of students.
10.15. In small rural educational institutions, depending on the specific conditions, the number of students, their age characteristics, it is allowed to form complete classes from students at the first stage of education. The optimal, at the same time, is the separate education of students of different ages of the first stage of education.
When combining students of the first stage of education in a class-set, it is optimal to create it from two classes: 1 and 3 grades (1 + 3), 2 and 3 grades (2 + 3), 2 and 4 grades (2 + 4). To prevent fatigue of students, it is necessary to reduce the duration of combined (especially 4 and 5) lessons by 5 - 10 minutes. (except for a physical education lesson). The occupancy of the classes-sets must correspond to table 4.
Table 4
The occupancy of the classes-sets
10.16. In classes of compensatory education, the number of students should not exceed 20 people. Lessons should not be longer than 40 minutes. Correctional and developmental classes are included in the volume of the maximum permissible weekly load established for a student of each age.
Regardless of the length of the school week, the number of lessons per day should not be more than 5 in primary grades (except for the first grade) and more than 6 lessons in grades 5-11.
To prevent fatigue and maintain an optimal level of performance, a facilitated school day is organized - Thursday or Friday.
To facilitate and shorten the period of adaptation to the educational process of students of compensating classes, it is necessary to provide medical and psychological assistance carried out by educational psychologists, pediatricians, speech therapists, other specially trained pedagogical workers, as well as using information and communication technologies, visual aids.
10.17. In order to prevent fatigue, impaired posture and vision of students in the classroom, physical education and gymnastics for the eyes (and these sanitary rules) should be carried out.
10.18. It is necessary to alternate different types during the lesson learning activities(with the exception of control works). Average continuous duration different types educational activities of students (reading from paper carrier, writing, hearing, questioning, etc.) in grades 1-4 should not exceed 7-10 minutes, in grades 5-11 - 10-15 minutes. The distance from the eyes to a notebook or book should be at least 25-35 cm for students in grades 1-4 and at least 30-45 cm for students in grades 5-11.
The duration of continuous use of technical teaching aids in the educational process is established in accordance with Table 5.
Table 5
Duration of continuous use of technical meanslearning in the classroom
| Classes | Continuous duration (min.), No more | |||||
| Viewing static images on classboards and bounced screens | Watching TV | View live images on whiteboards and bounced screens | Working with images for the individual. computer monitor and keyboard | Listen. audio recordings | Listen. audio recordings in headphones | |
| 1-2 | 10 | 15 | 15 | 15 | 20 | 10 |
| 3-4 | 15 | 20 | 20 | 15 | 20 | 15 |
| 5-7 | 20 | 25 | 25 | 20 | 25 | 20 |
| 8-11 | 25 | 30 | 30 | 25 | 25 | 25 |
After using technical teaching aids related to visual stress, it is necessary to carry out a set of exercises to prevent eye fatigue (), and at the end of the lesson - physical exercises to prevent general fatigue ().
10.19. The mode of training and organization of work of offices using computer technology must comply with the hygienic requirements for personal electronic computers and the organization of work on them.
10.20. To satisfy the biological need for movement, regardless of the age of the students, it is recommended to conduct at least 3 lessons of physical culture per week, provided in the amount of the maximum permissible weekly load. It is not allowed to replace physical education lessons with other subjects.
10.21. To increase the physical activity of students, it is recommended to include subjects of a motor-active nature in the curricula for students (choreography, rhythm, modern and ballroom dances, teaching traditional and national sports games).
10.22. The motor activity of students, in addition to physical education lessons, in the educational process can be provided by:
- physical education in accordance with the recommended set of exercises ();
- organized outdoor games during recess;
- a sports hour for children attending an extended day group;
- extracurricular sports activities and competitions, school-wide sports events, health days,
- independent physical education in sections and clubs.
10.23. Sports loads in physical culture lessons, competitions, extracurricular activities of a sports profile, during a dynamic or sports hour must correspond to the age, health and physical fitness of students, as well as weather conditions (if they are organized in the open air).
The distribution of students into the main, preparatory and special groups, for participation in physical culture and health-improving and sports-mass events, is carried out by a doctor, taking into account their state of health (or on the basis of certificates of their health). Students of the main physical culture group are allowed to participate in all physical culture and recreational activities in accordance with their age. With students of preparatory and special groups, physical culture and health-improving work should be carried out taking into account the doctor's opinion.
Students assigned to the preparatory and special groups for health reasons are engaged in physical culture with a decrease in physical activity.
It is advisable to conduct physical education lessons in the open air. The possibility of carrying out physical education in the open air, as well as outdoor games, is determined by a set of indicators of meteorological conditions (temperature, relative humidity and air velocity) in climatic zones ().
On rainy, windy and frosty days, physical education classes are held in the hall.
10.24. The motor density of physical culture lessons should be at least 70%.
Students are allowed to test physical fitness, participate in competitions and hiking trips with the permission of a medical worker. His presence at sporting events and at classes in swimming pools is mandatory.
10.25. In labor classes provided for by the educational program, tasks of different nature should be alternated. You should not perform one type of activity in the lesson throughout the entire time of independent work.
10.26. Students perform all work in the workshops and cabinets of home economics in special clothing (dressing gown, apron, beret, kerchief). When performing work that creates a risk of eye damage, use protective goggles.
10.27. When organizing practice and classes in socially useful labor of students, provided for by the educational program associated with high physical activity (carrying and moving heavy loads), it is necessary to be guided by the sanitary and epidemiological requirements for the safety of working conditions for workers under 18 years of age.
It is not allowed to involve students in work with harmful or hazardous working conditions, during which it is prohibited to use labor, persons under 18 years of age, as well as cleaning sanitary facilities and common areas, washing windows and lamps, removing snow from roofs and other similar work.
For agricultural work (practice) in the regions of the II climatic zone, it is necessary to allocate mainly the first half of the day, and in the regions of the III climatic zone - the second half of the day (16-17 hours) and the hours with the least insolation. Agricultural implements used for work must be appropriate for the height and age of the students. The permissible duration of work for students 12-13 years old is 2 hours; for adolescents 14 years and older - 3 hours. Every 45 minutes of work, you must take a regulated 15-minute rest break. Work on plots and in premises treated with pesticides and agrochemicals is allowed within the time limits established by the State Catalog of Pesticides and Agrochemicals.
When organizing labor education and vocational training classes in grades 5-11, provided by the educational program in interschool educational complexes, compliance with these sanitary rules and sanitary and epidemiological requirements for the safety of working conditions for workers under 18 years of age is ensured.
10.28. When organizing extended day groups, it is necessary to be guided by the recommendations set out in Appendix 6 of these sanitary rules.
10.29. Circle work in extended day groups should take into account the age characteristics of students, ensure a balance between motor-active and static classes, and is organized in accordance with the sanitary and epidemiological requirements for institutions additional education children.
10.30. The volume of homework (in all subjects) should be such that the time required to complete it does not exceed (in astronomical hours): in grades 2-3 - 1.5 hours, in grades 4-5 - 2 hours, in 6-8 classes - 2.5 hours, in grades 9-11 - up to 3.5 hours.
10.31. When conducting final certification, it is not allowed to conduct more than one exam per day. The break between examinations must be at least 2 days. If the exam lasts 4 or more hours, it is necessary to organize meals for students.
10.32. The weight of a daily set of textbooks and writing utensils should not exceed: for students in grades 1-2 - more than 1.5 kg, for 3-4 grades - more than 2 kg; - 5-6's - more than 2.5 kg, 7-8's - more than 3.5 kg, 9-11's - more than 4.0 kg.
10.33. In order to prevent violations of the posture of students, it is recommended for primary grades to have two sets of textbooks: one for use in the classroom in a general educational organization, the second for preparing homework.
Alexey MASHKOVTSEV,
physical education teacher,
ANO "School" Premier ",
Moscow city
Third wheel?
On the number and quality of physical education lessons
Three years ago, the third hour of physical education per week was introduced everywhere in Russian schools. We tried to figure out how this is implemented in various educational institutions, given that sometimes there is simply nowhere to conduct lessons ...
The topic of this article was suggested by physical education teachers who complain about how poorly they spend their third hour in their schools. We believe that the analysis of the information we received will help improve the quality of physical education lessons.
In search of a solution to the problem
Perfect option
Let's try to imagine a model in which the introduction of the third hour of physical education would be ideal. If the school has everything the necessary conditions: several gyms and flat structures, a swimming pool, a ski lodge, etc. - this will most likely succeed. However, it should be remembered that in order to achieve maximum effect, lessons in the schedule should not be placed day after day. Rest and recovery after physical activity is an essential part of both educational and training process. Thus, the ideal option would be one in which physical education lessons are scheduled for each class on Mondays, Wednesdays, and Fridays - with a five-day work week - or also on Tuesdays, Thursdays and Saturdays - with a six-day one. At the same time, several days a week, the hall will be empty for a five-day week.
Thus, in order to create an ideal model for the implementation of the third hour, the school must not only have a rich material base, but also be able to correctly draw up a schedule. Among the places of work of teachers who contacted our editorial office, there were no such schools ...
Two plus one
Physical education classes in middle school and high school are allowed to be paired. Several schools have taken advantage of this opportunity. This contributes to a more competent distribution of the load during the week, allows the school administration not to change the schedule when organizing ski training lessons, and the teacher can plan one lesson per week - educational and health related, the other - training.
In practice, it turned out that this option also has its drawbacks. In particular, students in grades 5-8 can hardly cope with an hour and a half load. In addition, we must not forget that the incidence of schoolchildren has recently increased, and such an increase in the load, all the more, will be beyond the capacity of many.
Another problem is the lack of change. As a rule, with such an organization of lessons, physical education teachers do not interrupt the lesson, which further increases the load. If you let the children go for recess, the training effect and the effect of the previously carried out warm-up are lost. When coordinating this issue with the school administration, you can use the break time for class, and let the children go from the next lesson a little earlier. Plus, the kids will have more time to shower.
To avoid overloading, you can devote more time during double lessons. theoretical issues.
In schools that conduct ski training lessons, the option of combining three lessons was proposed - this method is very convenient for high school students to travel to a forest park. Some readers said that this method was used in their schools, but there were not many of them.
Clock set
Many schools have chosen next way... The missing 34 or 35 - depending on the number of academic weeks in a year - they simply picked up hours of physical culture at the expense of the Days of Health, tourist gatherings, sports hours, etc., because they do not have the opportunity to fit the third hour into the schedule. Having held one big event, such as Health Day, the teacher could immediately "close" eight physical education lessons, even for several classes. If you organize such holidays once a quarter, that's already 32 hours. Only do they fully fulfill the educational function? And isn't one substituted for another? Everyone understands that the Days of Health even before the introduction of the third hour were held - maybe not so regularly - and now it has acquired a school-wide character with compulsory attendance, assessment, etc.
Saturday - Athlete's Day
Some schools, which work on a five-day work week, have decided to make the third physical education lesson on Saturday. On this day, there is no one at school, the halls are empty. Isn't it a solution to the problem? However, the turnout of students, as a rule, does not exceed 40%. It would seem that this can be used: if there are few children, classes can be combined - and time is freed up, and there will be enough space in the hall for everyone. But in practice, this approach sins with formalism: children can quickly figure out that physical education lessons can be skipped - if the reason was more or less valid.
4 – 2 – 2 – 4
This option is not a scheme for the placement of players, but the distribution of physical training hours by quarters. It is used by schools in warm regions of the country, where lessons can be conducted outdoors in September, October, April and May. Therefore, in the first and fourth quarters, not three, but four lessons per week are organized at once, and in the cold season - two. Thus, the problem of the congestion of the halls is solved - they are enough for two hours a week, and the children spend more time in the fresh air. It is only important that the school has more flat structures so that several classes can find a place for classes at once.
There are downsides. First, children receive uneven physical activity during the school year. Secondly, no one is immune from bad weather: where to take lessons in rain, cold or strong wind? Then everything is used: halls, corridors, recreation ...
Write three, mind two
Unfortunately, there are also such schools, there are not so many of them, which still offer two physical education lessons a week, not three. At the same time, for any check (in the schedule, in the journal), three lessons are indicated. As the leaders of these educational institutions promise their teachers, this is a temporary phenomenon that will soon be eliminated. Let's hope they keep their promise.
Ask for help
Some schools managed to solve the problem of introducing the third hour by cooperating with nearby sports and entertainment centers, swimming pools and skating rinks, since the first half of the day is usually free. All that remains is to organize the work: negotiate with the landlords, ensure the travel of the children, purchase inventory, etc.
No sooner said than done
In the overwhelming majority of schools, the third hour of physical education has been introduced. The administration needs to respond to the order, execute and report. As a result, the already small gyms unite students in two and sometimes three grades. How to conduct lessons with so many children and at the same time meet the requirements of the new State standards in education? The teachers found the next way out. Several classes in the hall? This means that several teachers are present there as well. One teacher invites children to do one sport, another another, and a third a third. This greatly improves the efficiency of the lesson and relieves discipline problems.
Myths and reality
With the introduction of the third hour, the opinion has taken root in society that now the situation with teaching physical culture will change. The experience of the first year has shown that we are mistaken.
The first misconception: children will become 1.5 times physically stronger. Oddly enough, the level of development of physical qualities is not directly proportional to the amount of time devoted to their development. Even delivering lessons at a high level is not a guarantee of improved results. At the end of the first year of innovation, there was no significant breakthrough in improving the physical fitness of children. The only thing to be expected is a decrease in the incidence of sickness among schoolchildren. It costs a lot.
Second misconception: physical education teachers will earn more. Here you need to understand that the salary of any teacher depends on his qualifications and workload, with the new system of remuneration - also on the number of children in the school. The teachers of schools that have switched to the new system of remuneration note that the cost of an hour has even decreased for them. Many have increased the number of hours, but everyone understands that this does not always lead to an improvement in the quality of lessons.
The third misconception: children in physical education lessons will learn new sports. This is only partly true. There were not many schools that have the opportunity to purchase new sports equipment for teaching children badminton, tennis, organize fitness classes and apply other innovations. Most schools did not even begin to develop their programs for the third hour, taking the program of V.I. Lyakha and A.A. Zdanevich (2004), designed for both two and three hours a week and built on basic sports with the inclusion of a variable part, depending on the regional and material characteristics of the school.
The fourth misconception: more children will attend classes in sports clubs. This is wrong. Coaches-teachers of children's and youth sports schools note that this year there was no increase in the number of schoolchildren enrolled in primary training groups - rather the opposite. Moreover, the number of children who attend school sports sections has decreased. If earlier parents understood that two physical education lessons per week are clearly not enough for the full physical development of their child, and they gladly gave him to any section to fill the need for movement, now they reason differently: why do we need a school section, if schoolchildren already have three physical education lessons a week?
The fifth misconception: children will participate more in sports competitions. There are fewer school sports and recreation activities as all free time in the schedule is allocated, first of all, for the third hour of physical education, which now has a place in both the seventh and eighth lessons. And if the school works in two shifts, then the working hours of the gym for holding extracurricular activities minimal. The number of regional and city competitions is not increasing either: teachers simply do not have time to take their children to them.
Less is better?
So what happens? For so many years, the physical education teachers themselves advocated for more physical education lessons, but in practice this turned out to be unnecessary. Over time, we will see the fruits of our labor. Having planted potatoes in our garden, we initially lose several buckets of root crops, and we should not wait for a return after a few weeks. But one cannot but agree with another rule of the gardener: before planting potatoes, you need to prepare the soil. In our case, it was necessary to start with the modernization of gyms and equipment, with the revision and adjustment of programs based on the available data from the medical examination of schoolchildren, with the retraining of teachers, and only then very smoothly and gradually increase the number of teaching hours. Maybe then the harvest would have been better?
We are all morning
We were busy with sprouts
We planted them
With your own hands.
My grandmother and I together
We planted seedlings
And Katya went
With a friend in the garden.
Then we had to
Fight the weeds
We pulled them out
With your own hands.
My grandmother and I were carrying
Full watering cans
And Katya was sitting
In the garden on a bench.
– What are you on the bench
Are you sitting like a stranger?
And Katya said:
- I'm waiting for the harvest.
(Agniya Barto. Katia)
