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How to recognize cancer early. What blood test indicators show oncology (cancer) Conducting a blood test for tumor markers

Cancer is a malignant tumor that can form in any organ, and it only grows over time. The structure of the tumor depends on the age of the person and the presence of other diseases. Before describing the symptoms, you need to understand what cancer is.

Content of the article:

What is cancer (disease)

Basically, cancer is described depending on its location in the body, if the disease appears in the gastrointestinal tract - there is a sharp weight loss, called cachexia, then anemia appears. If cancer affects the liver, the person feels exhausted, and the metabolism slows down. Localization of a malignant tumor demonstrates a clinical picture, if it is located in the end of the stomach, symptoms of stenosis will appear. This will prevent food from reaching the intestines. But if the disease appears in the initial part of the stomach, then dysphagia will appear - food will not enter the stomach or will enter, but in small quantities.

In the future, at a late stage of the disease, all symptoms intensify, but they are associated not with the main cancer, but with metastases that have penetrated deep into the tissues of the body. For example, the symptoms of lung cancer can be expressed through the brain if metastases enter the brain. For example, doctors say that prostate cancer can be diagnosed only after checking the bones, if there is pain and metastases in the bones - this indicates prostate cancer.

All malignant tumors, excluding local symptoms, which are associated with only one organ, have certain general symptoms. The further the tumor develops, the more it destroys the internal organs, and the most important systems of the body. Over time, changes occur in the metabolism, endocrine, nervous and immune systems. Because of this, the tumor has a double effect, either it destroys only one organ, or destroys the whole system. When exposed to one organ, a tumor is poisoned with healthy tissue, which is located in proximity to the neoplasm. The local influence of a cancerous tumor is revealed during the delivery of tests, if the patient complains of certain symptoms. There are several groups of cancer symptoms: obturation, destruction, compression. Each group has its own characteristics: destruction - destruction of the tumor, obstruction - narrowing of the lumen of the organ, compression - pressure on the organ.

Why is it important to confirm / deny cancer symptoms?

There are chances of a cure for the disease if it is identified as early as possible and treatment is started immediately. A person can immediately be examined and detect cancer when he did not have time to develop it, and the tumor is not of a huge size. This means that the cancer has not had time to affect other organs, it is not large and can be cured. As a rule, doctors prescribe an operation with complete removal of the cancer, this method can cure cancer in the early stages. It is imperative to start treatment if skin melanoma is present; it can be removed quite simply if it has not deepened and pierced the inner layers of the skin. But very often melanoma develops at a rapid pace and penetrates too deeply, therefore it is impossible to carry out any treatment, only if it has not gone deep. A person has 5 years to undergo treatment if the melanoma is not very advanced.

A psychological factor often works - a person is afraid to see a doctor, he believes that surgery or cancer treatment can provoke complications, and he tries to ignore any symptoms that he notices. Of course, symptoms such as fatigue and diarrhea are not necessarily related to cancer, but this could be a sign of cancer and should be checked anyway. Also, the girl may think that the standard uterine fibroids and cysts do not indicate the presence of cancer, perhaps this is a common disease that will pass over time. But the more a person ignores the symptoms, the more chances that the disease will deepen and become incurable after a while. Very often, perfectly healthy people find themselves with cancer after being tested, while they did not have any symptoms, and if a person has at least one symptom related to cancer, you need to go to the doctor immediately.

Five common signs of cancer

You need to understand how the nonspecific symptoms of this disease manifest themselves. First, a person may suddenly lose weight for no reason, or changes in skin color and acne may occur. Secondly, the presence of any infection is indicated by a high temperature, cancer is no exception. Of course, there are general symptoms that apply to all diseases combined at once, but still remember the main symptoms of cancer in order to see a doctor in time.

• Dramatic weight loss - Almost all people who have been diagnosed with cancer have lost most of their weight during their illness. If you lose at least 5-7 kilograms for no apparent reason, you need to check in the hospital for cancer. This may be due to cancer of the gastrointestinal tract.


• Fever (high temperature) - a high temperature indicates the presence of cancer, especially if it affects entire organ systems. Basically, fever is associated with the fact that cancer negatively affects the immune system, and the body fights infection and activates its powers, unfortunately, unsuccessfully. But the temperature does not appear at the initial stage of cancer, so if there were no other symptoms before the temperature - perhaps this does not apply to cancer.


• Weakness - weakness increases gradually, when the disease penetrates deeply into the body. But fatigue can develop at the very beginning after damage to the body, for example, if there is a hemorrhage in the stomach or large intestine. Due to the loss of blood, severe fatigue and discomfort occurs within the body.


• Painful sensations - pain appears in the initial stages of the disease, if there are several tumors in the body. Often, pain speaks of the defeat of the whole system of the body.


• Changes in the epidermis - hyperpigmentation occurs, jaundice, erythema, urticaria, and so on appear. Tumors may appear on the skin and hair may grow more strongly, indicating the presence of cancer.

Seven Cancer Symptoms That Need Attention

Above we have listed the main nonspecific symptoms, but you need to know the main symptoms, with which you can determine the presence of the disease. It is worth mentioning right away that the symptoms are not found in all cases, moreover, they are common for other diseases. But still, you need to immediately contact a therapist and tell about all the symptoms so that he prescribes tests and a complete medical examination of the body.

• Violations in the genitourinary system and stool disorders - often there are chronic constipation or diarrhea, the amount of stool and its color may change, which indicates colon cancer. If you feel pain when urinating and you see blood in your urine, you should see your doctor right away. Often there are too frequent urge to urinate for no apparent reason, which indicates problems with the prostate gland.


• Ulcers and wounds do not go away for a long time - very often tumors look like an ulcer, and at the same time they bleed a lot. If there is a small sore in the mouth that persists, it is a sign of mouth cancer. It occurs most often in smokers and alcoholics. If there are sores on the vagina or penis, you need to immediately undergo an examination, as this indicates a serious infection of the body.


• Strange discharge of pus or blood - if the disease has developed a very long time ago, and you did not notice it, strange bleeding or discharge of pus may begin. For example, if you cough up pus with blood when you cough, it is lung cancer, and if blood is found in your stool, it is colon cancer. If you have cervical cancer, there is a chance of vaginal bleeding, and if there is blood in your urine it is bladder cancer, your kidneys may be infected too. If blood comes out from the nipple, it indicates breast cancer.


• Small lumps anywhere on the body - If a tumor is felt through the skin in the testicles, mammary gland, or other soft tissue, it is a sign of cancer. Moreover, it is impossible to say for sure whether this is an initial form or an advanced one, but if you notice a seal, immediately inform your doctor. It will increase over time.


• Difficulty swallowing and problems with the gastrointestinal tract - very often the symptoms indicate cancer of the stomach or intestines, see your doctor immediately.


• The appearance of moles or warts - if there were already moles, and they became larger or changed color, you need to see a doctor. It is quite possible this is melanoma, and if examined, it can be cured at the initial stage.


• Hoarse voice or severe cough - persistent coughing indicates lung cancer, if the voice is lost - it is thyroid or throat cancer.

Atypical Cancer Symptoms

Far from the most common symptoms of cancer, which also indicate the development of the disease:

• The appearance of sores on the tongue and mouth;


• Change in color of warts and moles, change in their size;


• Sore throat, violent and painful cough;


• Lumps and nipples in the nipples, hard bumps in the testicles, mammary glands and other places;


• Painful sensations when urinating;


• Strange discharge of pus and blood;


• Problems with swallowing and abdominal pain, especially in the elderly;


• Severe migraine;


• Sudden loss of appetite or weight;


• An increase or decrease in temperature for no reason indicates the presence of cancer;


• Constant infection for no apparent reason;


• Violation of the menstrual cycle;


• Tumors that do not respond to treatment


• Redness of the lips and skin, yellowness in the eyes and on the skin;


• Strange swelling that has never appeared before;


• Bad breath.

But keep in mind that these symptoms indicate not only the presence of cancer, but also other diseases. In any case, you need to undergo a comprehensive medical examination and find out what the problem is.

Cancer symptoms of different organs

• Stomach cancer

With stomach cancer, it is impossible to say for sure which symptoms are most prevalent, since there are a lot of them. Very often, doctors diagnose chronic gastritis and other non-serious diseases, without doing any serious examinations. Medications are usually prescribed that do not cause even the slightest relief. But professionals can comprehensively analyze all the symptoms and identify the presence of cancer, the main system for detecting cancer was introduced by L.I.Savitsky. He has compiled a list of mild symptoms and common symptoms for other illnesses that can tell if a person has a cancer in their stomach or a symptom not related to the disease.

Only when the cancer has deepened deeply and has passed into the tissues of the body does a person develop strong symptoms: severe pain in the stomach, which are felt even in the back, increased weakness and unwillingness to do anything, a sharp weight loss for a long time. Doctors pay attention to the skin, it becomes very pale, and in some cases it acquires an earthy tint. But at the initial stage, the skin color remains the same.

The main symptoms are: nipple retraction and induration, bloody and incomprehensible nipple discharge. Very often, cancer is accompanied by no pain, but in the presence of mastopathy, the pain appears and intensifies every day.

• Skin cancer

There are several forms: infiltrative, nodular and ulcerative. Squamous cell carcinoma develops very quickly, in order to identify it, doctors carry out a painless crossing of all nodules that are pink or yellow in color. The nodes may have translucent pearl-colored edges with the formation of pigmentation. Tumor formation progresses gradually, and very quickly. But there are forms of cancer that develop slowly, they can develop over the years, and a person does not even know about their presence. Further, several nodules are associated with each other and form a dense and painful neoplasm that has a dark color. It is at this stage that people go to the doctor.

• Rectal cancer

As in other cases, at the initial stage there are no symptoms of cancer, but the tumor continues to grow and after a while the intestinal lumen closes. Painful sensations appear, since feces cannot pass freely, this provokes the release of blood and pus. Over time, the feces deform and change their color, in medicine it is called a ribbon-like stool. Rectal cancer has been compared to hemorrhoids, but with hemorrhoids, it appears at the end of a bowel movement, not at the beginning. In the future, there are frequent urge to defecate, frequent discharge of bloody-purulent masses with a disgusting odor.

• Lungs' cancer

It all depends on where the tumor appeared. It can appear in the tissue of the lungs or in the bronchus; if a tumor appears in the bronchus, a person begins to cough daily. The cough is dry and painful, after a while sputum with blood appears. Inflammation of the lungs, such as pneumonia, appears periodically. Because of it, other symptoms appear: chest pain, temperature 40 degrees, pain in the head, weakness and inability to concentrate.
If cancer has formed in the tissue of the lungs, then the disease will go away without any symptoms, which only complicates the situation because the person does not undergo a medical examination. If an X-ray is taken, an initial tumor can be detected.

• Uterine cancer

Mostly women complain of strange pains and regular bleeding even after menstruation. But these symptoms only indicate that the tumor is gradually disintegrating and the cancer is already in advanced form. The initial form of uterine cancer does not manifest itself in any way, so women are not examined. Leucorrhoea, an unpleasant watery or mucous discharge that is mixed with blood, also speaks of cancer. Leucorrhoea often has a very unpleasant odor, but not in all cases, sometimes they do not smell. If you have strange discharge, consult a doctor, it is quite possible that the cancer has not yet passed into a deep and advanced stage and there is a chance for a cure.

Cancer is a malignant neoplasm that is constantly growing and as a result can metastasize first to nearby tissues, organs and lymph nodes, and then through the blood to any place in the body.

Before considering all the symptoms of cancer, there is one small detail for the readers to understand. You should understand that even a combination of any signs may not necessarily indicate a malignant cancer. Often these are common diseases, infections, inflammations that can manifest themselves in the same way.

Cancer of organs only at the initial stages is attached to a specific tissue, later after development in phase 4, the tumor begins to spread metastases that can cover any organs.

To find out exactly if you have cancer, you must pass, for biochemistry and. And after confirmation, connect additional diagnostic methods: MRI, CT, ultrasound, etc. Consider all the common symptoms of cancer and how to recognize oncology?

Headache

If you have a persistent headache for no apparent reason in one place, then it may also indicate brain cancer. At the same time, donating blood for tumor markers is not worth it, since the tumor does not have a specific antigen and it is better to go for an MRI immediately.

Tumor markers

• Roll S100

Unusual and strange birthmarks

Usually strange moles that are irregular in shape, as well as strange age spots, indicate melanoma or skin cancer. You can go first of all to donate blood for the S-100 tumor marker.

Elevated temperature

If you constantly have chills, fever without additional reasons - snot and other signs indicating a cold. It is impossible to say which cancer this sign indicates. Therefore, first of all, you need to pass a general and biochemical blood test. The temperature in cancer lasts quite a long time.

Lumps in the chest

Usually indicates breast cancer in women. On palpation, it is necessary to mark exactly the hard clots inside the mammary gland. Collectively, the breasts may discharge any mucous fluids with an unpleasant odor. In this case, you need to immediately go to the mammologist, who, after examination, will send you to the oncologist for examination.

Tumor markers

• CA 15-3

Deteriorated condition of nails and hair

When the tumor is actively developing, then a large amount of antibodies and waste products are produced in the blood, and severe inflammation is possible. Plus, the neoplasm itself consumes a lot of energy and nutrients for growth. Therefore, nails and hair may not be enough. In this case, the hair can fall out, their color becomes dull, and the nails become brittle and constantly flake off.

Vaginal bleeding

Usually indicates cancer of the body of the uterus, ovaries. In addition, the lower abdomen may hurt. In the intermenstrual time, there may be severe bleeding, and it also happens that blood is present in the urine.

Tumor markers

• CA 125

NOTE! To quickly diagnose uterine cancer, you just need to visit a gynecologist once a year, who will be able to recognize the disease in time. At the same time, a neoplasm is very clearly visible on the cervix.

Frequent fainting

If fainting occurs for no known reason. This may indicate brain cancer. In this case, a clinical and biochemical blood test is taken, and then the doctor is already looking at the test indicators.

Bumps on bones

If you have hard lumps on your legs, arms, thigh, or shoulder, this could indicate bone cancer. But you must understand that they could arise from bruises or fractures. You need to see a doctor right away and have a bone x-ray taken.

Tumor markers

• TRAP 5b

Absent-mindedness and memory impairment

Indicates that a cancerous tumor has begun to grow seriously in the head. This is due to the fact that the tumor uses a lot of resources for its growth.

Decreased appetite

In this case, it is accompanied by severe weight loss. May indicate both gastrointestinal cancer and. At later stages, it can refer to almost any oncology.

Profuse sweating

If everything was fine with you before, but then you suddenly began to constantly sweat, even in a cool room, then this may indicate a violation of the nervous system. Usually refers to a number of malignant formations in the neuroendocrine area.

Heat

If you feel hot flashes in your face and throughout your body at different intervals, then this may indicate cancer of the endocrine system.

Change of mood

It can indicate both brain cancer and some tumors that affect the hormonal background of a woman.

Loss of sight

Indicates malignant neoplasms of the optic nerve. But it may be due to severe stress, physical shock or external factors. Also, vision decreases due to genetics. Against the background, the general state of health worsens.

Abdominal pain

May indicate cancer of the stomach, pancreas, or intestines. In this case, the type of pain is similar to gastritis or an ulcer. In this case, it is imperative to undergo an examination of fibrogastroduodenoscopy (FGDS) and gastric fluoroscopy. The disadvantage of this group of oncology is that the first signs of cancer appear only at stage 3.

Weight loss, weight loss

It should be noted here that the decline is rapid and despite the fact that the person does not lose weight, does not diet and does not play sports. Usually, it indicates cancer in the colon, small intestine, or rectum. In addition, there may be a difficult act of defecation, a constant feeling that the intestines are full.

Changes in skin color

Yellow color usually indicates abnormalities in the liver and pancreas. At the same time, when the color changes, the color of the sclera of the tongue may change and itchy skin may appear. I would also like to add that this can occur at the last stage of almost any cancer, when metastases reach the liver.

Labored breathing

Dry cough, phlegm later appears. At the very beginning, the cough may be without any signs at all. After that, shortness of breath, shortness of breath, shortness of breath may appear. Indicates but may also be present with stomach cancer cough, but in more rare cases.

Hard to swallow

May indicate cancer of the pharynx, throat. In this case, the tumor can grow to such a size that a person then simply cannot swallow, as well as breathe.

Heartburn

When gastric juice enters the esophagus due to a tumor. At the same time, a person constantly feels severe heartburn. May indicate both stomach cancer and duodenal cancer.

Swollen lymph nodes

By itself, edema mainly appears on the face. This is due to the fact that the lymph nodes react to the tumor. It can indicate cancer of anything, which is why it is better to immediately consult a doctor and take blood tests.

Swelling of the upper body

Compression of the lymphatic vessels and the circulatory system near the lungs due to the growing tumor leads to the fact that puffiness appears on the face and in the upper body. It occurs against the background of frequent smoking.

Fatigue

The tumor has waste products that are intensively produced into the blood, plus when cancer grows, the tumor can interfere with the normal functioning of the organ, which causes stagnation of substances. There is intoxication, headache, malaise, constant weakness in oncology.

Blood in the stool

Indicates colon cancer. It may also be accompanied by a difficult act of defecation due to the fact that the cancer has already grown strongly. At the same time, the stool becomes darker due to blood. An urgent need to consult a doctor, as later due to the tumor, the patient will not be able to go to the toilet at all. Blood appears as a result of vascular damage by a tumor as a result of violent growth.

Constipation, diarrhea

A general disorder of the digestive process may indicate several oncological zones: from stomach cancer to intestines.

Difficulty urinating

Not always accompanied by pain, usually it can already begin at stages 1, 2 of prostate cancer. It is due to the fact that the prostate gland swells and narrows the urethra. Then a man needs to make every effort and strain his abs in order to go "in a small way."

In the later stages of cancer, urination may not be possible at all, and doctors place a catheter. Cancer translocates the nerves responsible for male libido, and the man begins to have sexual problems.

Blood in urine

In men, it can be associated with prostate carcinoma, and in a woman's body, cancer develops in the uterus. Moreover, at stage 3, these diseases begin to affect the nearest organs, kidneys, liver and bladder, from which there may also be blood.

Swelling of the scrotum and penis

Testicular or penile cancer. But in the last stage of a prostate tumor, these symptoms may also appear. Plus there is swelling of the lower extremities.

Back pain

This does not always indicate osteochondrosis or inflammation in the spine. Sometimes it can be cancer of the vertebrae.

Discharge from the nipples

It is accompanied by soreness in the chest. Indicates the defeat of breast cancer cells with metastases. In addition, it is best to check the breasts themselves for lumps and if they are, then see a doctor right away. The discharge itself smells bad.

What could be cancer from?

The exact reasons for the development of cancer have not yet been established, but there are several factors and assumptions.

1. Improper nutrition
2. Ecology
3. Work related to pesticides and chemistry.
4. Smoking
5. Alcohol
6. Genetics
7. Unprotected sex and sexually transmitted diseases.
8. Stress

How to identify early oncology?

Not all of the above symptoms of oncology indicate that you have a malignant tumor. But if there are at least 10 signs of cancer, then it's worth worrying. But you must understand that it is impossible to identify the disease only by internal symptoms and it is worth resorting to other research.

How to diagnose cancer completely?

1. Take a blood test with a leukocyte formula
2. Donate blood for biochemistry
3. Analyzes for tumor markers.
4. Biopsy of suspicious tissue.

Signs of cancer in women

Oncological diseases in women appear a little brighter in the initial stages than in men. This can lead to miscarriage during pregnancy.

Almost 300,000 people die from cancer in Russia every year - the population of a small town. It is possible to discuss for a long time the lack of professionalism among doctors, who for a long time cannot make an accurate diagnosis or about improperly prescribed treatment - the statistics are inexorable: the main cause of deaths is late seeking medical help. Most patients at oncological dispensaries have an advanced form of the disease, when the chance of recovery is minimal.

Cancer stages and survival

Survival for cancer directly depends on the stage of the spread of the cancer process.

0 stage

Preinvasive cancer (cancer in situ - cancer in situ), a limited tumor of microscopic size, without metastases. The survival rate reaches 98%.

1st stage

A small localized tumor that does not extend beyond the affected organ. There are no metastases. The survival rate is up to 95%.

Stage 2

The tumor invades the muscle layer or the walls of the affected organ, without leaving it. Single metastases to regional lymph nodes. The survival rate is up to 70%.

Stage 3

The tumor reaches a significant size with infiltration into adjacent organs and tissues. Multiple regional metastases. The survival rate is less than 40%.

Stage 4

An extensive tumor that has spread to surrounding organs and tissues. Distant metastases. The survival rate is less than 5-7%.

In the early stages, many forms of cancer are highly treatable, but it is extremely difficult to diagnose cancer during this period. This usually happens by accident - for example, during dispensary examinations. The few alarming symptoms that accompany the development of the tumor, the majority of patients, alas, do not attach importance to.

How do you recognize the first symptoms?

The nature of the symptoms of cancer depends primarily on the location of the tumor and its size. But there are a number of signs characteristic of all forms of cancer that should alert any person:

• Sudden, unreasonable weight loss
• Fatigue, weakness
• Low-grade fever that persists for many weeks in the absence of overt inflammatory or infectious diseases
• A constant feeling of discomfort in the area of ​​any organ (pains join in the late stages of cancer)

Many symptoms are inherent in certain types of cancer, depending on the location of the tumor. It is necessary to pay attention to them if they appear for no apparent reason and do not pass for a long time.

Respiratory system

• Prolonged cough (sometimes with hemoptysis)
• Dyspnea
• Hoarseness

Gastrointestinal tract

• Change in appetite
• Aversion to any foods (especially meat)
• Stool problems (constipation or diarrhea)
• The presence of blood in the stool

Genitourinary system

• Blood in urine
• Urinary problems
• Erectile dysfunction in men
• Menstrual dysfunction in women

One of the first symptoms of breast cancer is the unevenness of the breast contours, its asymmetry, as well as the presence of lumps. A suspicion of skin cancer may be changes in the appearance of moles - changes in color, size, uneven edges, the presence of itching, bleeding.

The right to live

Regular preventive examinations are the main chance to detect cancer at an early stage. An annual visit to the examination room, performing fluorography significantly increase the likelihood of timely detection of a tumor. Women over 40 are advised to undergo mammography at least once every 2 years, since this study allows you to determine breast cancer at the earliest stage, when the tumor cannot yet be detected by self-examination.

Many of the symptoms of early cancer are similar to those of other diseases. But even with the slightest doubt, especially if you belong to a risk group (genetic factor, hazardous working conditions, the presence of bad habits), be sure to consult a doctor. Do not attribute these symptoms to vitamin deficiency, stress, or the consequences of being overworked at work. Better to be safe, but be calm about your health. And most importantly, never self-medicate!

If cancer is recognized early on, it can be cured. It is important to monitor your body, to understand what condition is considered normal for it, and if any deviations appear, consult a doctor. In this case, if you are sick with cancer, doctors will notice it at a very early stage.

There are various common cancer symptoms... If you notice them in yourself, it means that certain changes are taking place in your body. See your doctor if you have:

• tumor;
• shortness of breath, cough, hoarseness;
• bleeding;
• a change in the work of the digestive tract;
• moles;
• unreasonable weight loss.

What if the first symptoms of cancer are found? Let's try to answer this question.

Tumors

If you know how your body works under normal conditions, then you can define oncology, or rather, to suspect it when early changes appear, the cause of which may be a disease. If you notice a tumor somewhere on your body, then immediately consult a doctor. It is very good if you can say for sure how long ago you got it, whether it bothers you, whether it is increasing in size. Cancers are often completely painless.

It is extremely difficult to recognize a tumor of oncological origin by touch. However, if the doctor suspects that you have a malignant neoplasm, he will refer you to the right specialist for further examination and testing.

It should be borne in mind that if swelling and bumps appear in your body quite often, then most likely they are not malignant.

Shortness of breath, cough, hoarseness

The so-called breast cancer symptoms are cough, shortness of breath, and hoarseness. Of course, they can be caused by infections, inflammations, and other diseases and ailments, but in some cases, such signs indicate lung cancer. If you have had shortness of breath and cough for more than two weeks, see your doctor immediately. You should also see a specialist if you see blood in the sputum.

Hoarseness is often caused by laryngitis. This disease means inflammation of the larynx. However, in rare cases, hoarseness is an early symptom of laryngeal cancer. If this kind of discomfort has been plaguing you for more than two weeks, go to see a specialist.

Disorders in the digestive tract

A sign of a change in the work of the digestive tract is the presence of blood in the stool. It is usually bright red or dark in color. The presence of fresh, scarlet blood is a sign of hemorrhoids.

A symptom of cancer can be a change in the frequency of the digestive tract (constipation or diarrhea) for no apparent reason. Also, sometimes there is a feeling of insufficient bowel cleansing after stool. Some patients experience rectal or abdominal pain.

Interested in the types of tumors and the question of how to recognize them, it is important to remember that a change in stool does not always indicate the development of oncology. The reasons may lie in a change in diet, excitement, and taking medications. If the stool does not return to normal within a few weeks, then in order to exclude a dangerous illness, you need to consult a doctor.

Bleeding

Any bleeding for no apparent reason is a sign of a malfunction in the work of internal organs. This is a good reason to see a specialist.

Bleeding from the rectum can be a sign of hemorrhoids, but also one of the symptoms of cancer of the internal organs.

If a woman has a malignant tumor in the uterus or cervix, bleeding may occur between periods or after sexual intercourse. If bleeding occurs in women after menopause, then she urgently needs to see a doctor.

Blood in the urine can be a symptom of bladder cancer or kidney cancer. However, infection can also be the cause of this phenomenon. See your doctor if you find bleeding in your urine. By the way, it should be borne in mind that sometimes urine turns pink due to the presence of dyes in food. This can occur if you ate, for example, beets the day before.

If, when coughing, sputum comes out with blood, then the reason for this is a serious infectious disease. This is sometimes a sign of lung cancer. Blood in the vomit can signal stomach cancer, but ulcers can also be the cause. Therefore, the exact answer to the question, how to define cancer- you need to contact a specialist.

Nosebleeds and bruising are rare symptoms of cancer. Sometimes these signs are due to leukemia. However, people suffering from this disease have other, more obvious signs of oncology.

Birthmarks

How does skin cancer manifest? Many people think about this, on whose body there are numerous moles. Let's try to answer this question.

A type of this disease is melanoma. As a rule, it manifests itself with a change in the appearance of the skin. Sometimes it seems that you have formed a new large mole. However, melanoma can form in an already existing mole. That is why it is extremely difficult to distinguish a benign from a malignant formation.

A doctor should be consulted immediately if the following signs are observed in moles:

• asymmetry (moles are usually even and symmetrical, but melanomas are not);
• uneven edges;
• an atypical color for a mole (if moles, as a rule, have a brown tint, then melanomas are brown with black, pink, red, white and even bluish);
• large size (moles usually do not exceed 6 mm in diameter, melanomas - more than 7 mm);
• crusting, itching, bleeding: Melanomas may bleed, crust over, itch (these symptoms of skin cancer are not common but should not be forgotten).

If any marks appear on the skin that do not go away for several weeks, if you notice the above-described signs of melanoma, then immediately consult a doctor.

Unreasonable weight loss

How else can you define oncology? Your weight will tell you about it. If in a relatively short period of time (for example, two months) you have greatly lost weight, and at the same time you have not had stressful situations, strong physical exertion or a diet, then this is a serious reason to make an appointment with a doctor.

If weight loss is a consequence of cancer, then the patient may have other signs: increased fatigue, pain, nausea.

What if you have anxiety symptoms?

What if you notice the main symptoms of cancer? The answer is obvious: you need to see a doctor. Only a specialist will be able to assess your condition and prescribe adequate treatment. Only a doctor will be able to direct you to undergo x-rays, tests, etc.

If the doctor suspects cancer, he will direct you to do a biopsy, tomography, and also advise a specialized specialist. If the doctor decides that the cause of your illness is of a different nature, then in any case he will be able to help you cope with your ailments, and faster than if you were treated on your own.