Red currant - diseases and pests, the fight against them. Diseases and pests of red currant Viral diseases of red currant
" Currant
Many gardeners and summer residents grow currants on their site. But, so that a good harvest will please for many years, it takes a lot of effort.
All varieties of currants are susceptible to various diseases. There are over 70 species of insects that harm shrubs. By their activity, they lead to a decrease in yield and complete death of the plant.
In order to save the plantations of currants from diseases and pests in time, you need to know their symptoms and methods of neutralization.
Powdery mildew on the leaves: how to treat?
Powdery mildew is caused by the marsupial mushroom Erysiphales... With an ailment, a white loose coating forms on the surface of young leaves and berries. Powdery mildew is not common.
Timely treatment measures taken allow you to quickly defeat the disease. In any case, the presence of an ailment indicates a deterioration in the condition of the currant bush.
The main effective preventive measures are proper grooming and regular feeding.
Anthracnose
Anthracnose - a fungal disease currant bush. A humid climate is favorable for the development of the disease. Green young shoots are the place of life of the fungus.
At the initial stage of anthracnose, small dark spots appear. They gradually increase with the progression of the disease.
The spots deform the leaves and fruits, and also have a negative effect on the entire bush. Anthracnose causes premature fall of foliage and a decrease in winter hardiness of the bush.
To destroy the causative agent of anthracnose, fungicides are used in accordance with the instructions. The most famous drugs to treat the bush are: Fitosporin, Previkur, Acrobat, Ridomil.
Fungal spores overwinter on fallen leaves. For prevention, it is necessary to destroy the infected foliage in time.
How to deal with terry?
The main causative agent of currant terry is considered kidney mite... Terry currant is characterized by the ugly state of the outer leaves. As the disease progresses, the flower raceme becomes thinner, and the scales replace flowers.
There is a strong elongation of the leaves of young shoots. From five-leafed they turn into three-leafed ones. The veins get coarser. The color of the foliage becomes dark green. The spicy aroma characteristic of currants disappears.
How to fight? Spraying the plant 1% suspension of colloidal sulfur or lime-sulfur broth.
Processing is carried out during the period when the tick leaves old buds. After 10 days, re-processing is carried out.
If the damage is severe, two more sprays are required (upon completion of flowering and berry picking).
White spot or septoria - how to treat in summer and spring?
White spot or septoria causes the fungus Septoria sibirica... This ailment is one of the most common.
Septoriosis is characterized by the appearance of small brown spots on the surface of the leaves. Subsequently, they acquire a white color, but the brown edging remains. The spots can spread to the berries.
The harmful fungus transfers the winter on fallen leaves. Spores move to the surface during swelling from moisture (in wet weather or from excessive watering). Leaf infection occurs from the underside.
Harm from white spot:
- falling leaves ahead of time;
- stopping the growth of the bush and its wilting;
- loss of the crop.
For the treatment of currant plantations and soil carry out treatment with "Nitroferon" or copper sulfate in the form of a solution... The event must be carried out in the spring before bud break.
In the summer, a four-stage processing is allowed. 1% solution of Bordeaux liquid or copper oxychloride.
For prevention it is necessary monitor soil moisture, timely destroy fallen leaves, row currant plantations, process and dig up the soil in the autumn and early spring period.
What to do with rust?
There are two types of currant rust: columnar and goblet.
Columnar rust is caused by the mushroom Cronartium ribicola Dietr... The pathogenic microorganism negatively affects the foliage.
On the lower side of the leaves, orange growths develop, which, when powdered, form many bright spores. Yellow spots appear on the top of the leaf.
Columnar rust appears on currant bushes in early August and spreads rapidly. The disease causes massive leaf fall prematurely and reduces yields.
Also, with columnar rust, there is a decrease in the growth of young animals and a decrease in nutrient reserves.
Goblet rust is caused by the mushroom Puccinia ribesii caricis... With this disease, bright orange pads develop on foliage, flowers and ovaries.
Active infection occurs during the flowering stage. For this reason, flowers and ovaries are severely damaged.
The humid climate and the proximity to sedge have a beneficial effect on the harmful fungus. Goblet rust affects almost all foliage and flowers. This causes their premature fall and leads to a significant decrease in yield.
For both types of rust, currants can be treated in the same way. Fungicides "Topaz", "Previkur", "Fitosporin-M" suppress the development of the pathogen, do not allow spores to ripen and dissolve.
It is also allowed to spray the bushes with 1% Bordeaux liquid.
As a preventive measure the plant is transplanted to a hill, the soil is dried, and sedge thickets are removed.
Why is there a non-cyan drying of the shoots?
Nectric drying of shoots causes the mushroom Nectria ribis... The disease is characterized by the formation of orange dots on the branches and shoots.
They gradually grow and transform into voluminous tubercles. At the stage of maturation of the spores, the tubercles turn black, and the young processes dry and die.
Lack of timely treatment leads to the death of the entire bush.
When the first signs appear, it is necessary to start a fight: to prune the infected branches and burn them. Sections are disinfected with Bordeaux mixture and processed with garden varnish.
For prevention you should regularly remove weeds, remove fallen leaves and apply top dressing.
Striped Mosaic: Disease Control Measures
Striped mosaic is a viral disease... The disease is characterized by the appearance of a pattern of bright yellow color on the leaves around the main veins after blooming.
There is no cure for striped mosaic: the infected bush should be removed.
The main pests: proper treatment from them
How to process a bush from currant leaf gall midge
Currant leaf gall midges are small brownish-yellow mosquitoes... Insects lay eggs on young leaves of growing shoots.
Non-expanded leaves are damaged by larvae. In the future, they disfigure and die. Shoots stop growing and start branching incorrectly.
To get rid of the pest, it is necessary to treat the plantings with insecticides in the spring during budding. If necessary, re-processing is carried out after the final collection of the berries.
Damaged shoots should be cut without hemp in summer or autumn (until mid-September). Be sure to dig up the soil in the autumn season.
How to save the harvest from the currant goldfish?
Currant golds - greenish copper beetles up to 9 mm long... Legless flattened larvae with a widened front end are yellowish-white in color. They prefer the core of the currant branch.
The top of the damaged shoot dries up, and then the entire shoot dies. As a result, the fruiting of the bush decreases.
To get rid of currant goldfish it is necessary carry out low pruning and burning of affected branches.
How to spray against spider mites?
The spider mite is considered a small sucking pest. It lives on a leaf from the underside and braids the surface with its cobwebs.
Damage is characterized by the formation of a light point at the beginning of infection, then complete discoloration of the area. Severely damaged sheets acquire a marbled appearance, dry up and fall off over time.
A currant affected by a tick becomes less winter-hardy and gives a lower yield.
The active development of ticks occurs from July to August.
For spring treatment(during bud break) the bush is sprayed with acaricides. Sulfur preparations can cause leaf burns.
With a strong defeat re-spraying. Acaricide can be added to chlorophos solution and applied after flowering.
For prevention fallen leaves are destroyed, and soil is dug up.
Currant glass jar and plant care
Currant glass - this is a butterfly with a length of 1.5 cm... It is covered with black scales with a lilac tint. There are light transverse stripes on the belly of the glass.
Pest females are capable of laying up to 60 eggs in the cracks in the bark of branches. The white caterpillars that have appeared gnaw through the core of the branches and make walkways in them for wintering.
By the next fall, they reach a length of 2 cm, but do not go outside. They spend another winter inside the currant branches.
At the end of May, the larvae gnaw through the exit and pupate. Butterflies fly out in June. After the end of flowering, branches damaged by larvae wither and dry out.
For prevention plantings with signs of glass are regularly inspected. It is important to prune and destroy damaged branches on time.
How to get rid of the fire?
Firefly is a small gray butterfly 1 cm long... Pupae of fireflies hibernate under plantings of currants. During flowering, butterflies lay eggs in the flowers. This leads to damage to the flower.
The presence of pests can be determined by the presence of hatched caterpillars on the bush and fruit braided by cobwebs. Caterpillars feed on currant berries.
Affected shrubs cannot be cured. To prevent the death of a bush from a pest, it is necessary to cover the soil around the currant with roofing material or linoleum before flowering.
This cover will keep pests out of the soil. After flowering, the leaves can be removed.
How to spray from a moth?
Gooseberry moth - butterfly with wings covered with black and yellow spots. She usually prefers gooseberries, but she also likes to eat currants. Eggs are laid on the back of the leaves.
The caterpillars that appear eat leaves from all sides. In the middle of summer, they turn into pupae and are hung on the branches.
For prophylaxis it is necessary:
- thoroughly clean and cultivate the land;
- collect all pupae in July and destroy;
- process in the fall with urea;
- spray plantings (Fitoverm, calcium arsenic DDT and others).
Treatment and spraying of bushes in the fall with chemical and folk remedies
Processing currants in autumn is carried out in order to get rid of various pests and diseases. Indeed, with the onset of spring, all microorganisms come to life and begin their vigorous activity.
In order to protect currants from pests and diseases, in the autumn, it is necessary to carry out a number of activities:
- do autumn digging of soil around the bushes;
- destruction of fallen leaves;
- pruning damaged, weakened and old branches;
- preventive spraying.
For preventive spraying experts recommend using chemical solutions, which contain medicines for pathogenic microorganisms and pests.
For the information of beginners in gardening: if there is no desire to use chemical compounds, you can use natural ingredients - folk remedies (infusion of wormwood, garlic, onion husks, tobacco).
When spraying red and black currants it is necessary to adhere to the recommendations:
We fight diseases and pests of currants without chemicals:
Timely care for currant bushes, processing them from pests and diseases - the key to growing a healthy plant for many years and getting a good harvest.
It is in the spring that the time for renewal begins. And this applies to all living things: both people and animals, and plants, for example, currants, often need to be properly prepared for the season.
The snow has melted, the sun's rays are getting warmer - which means it's time to start processing this bush. The methods of maintaining and restoring currants after winter are not complicated, they require a minimum of time. However, their effectiveness has been proven by practice. Let us recall what measures will make it possible to "revive" the currants in the spring, when the first leaves have not yet begun to bloom, but the arrival of such a long-awaited spring is already in full swing.
Currants: what a plant needs in spring
The main goal when growing currants is to harvest. After all, the berries of this plant are so tasty and healthy!
The moment when the snow has completely melted, but the leaves have not yet appeared, is optimal for carrying out spring processing of the bush. At this time, the most effective processing of the trunk and leaves can be carried out. First of all, this applies to bushes that have hardly survived the winter, damaged by pests or diseases.
So, the main goals of spring currant processing should be considered:
- general recovery of the plant after winter;
- elimination of pests;
- treatment of diseases.
And it takes very little effort to get a strong and healthy plant. And early spring is the best time for the healing of the bush.
Methods for healing currants
During the period of the onset of awakening, currants perfectly accept therapeutic and restorative measures. And this means that the effectiveness of the applied methods will be especially high.
In addition to treatment with special preparations against pests and diseases, currants will require pruning. Like other shrubs, it needs pruning even more often than trees. You can read about how this procedure is performed correctly in.
Boiling water is an effective remedy for pests
During the period when the snow has completely melted, but the buds have not yet opened, boiling water can be used. This method has proven itself perfectly for combating pests that have not yet fully awakened.
The technique is simple. Boil a bucket of water and carefully spill the bush with boiling water. Water should fall on each branch. The high temperature of the water will eliminate spores and pathogens, as well as pests.
The procedure is carried out on a dry warm day, a one-time watering of the affected bush with boiling water is enough. This method allows you to defeat the spider mite. This pest strongly spoils the currant bushes, causing its death.
Soapy water
To prepare soapy water, take a bucket of warm water and dissolve the soap grated on a coarse grater in it. Preference is given to household or children's.
Infusions of plants
Plants with a strong medicinal effect are also excellent for processing currants. For example, an infusion of onion peel or garlic.
Onion husks are soaked in hot water and left to infuse for 3 days. Next, the resulting concentrate should be diluted with water until a solution of a light yellow hue is obtained. Plants are sprayed with it.
Garlic infusion is prepared in the same way. You can use not only garlic husks, but also finely chopped cloves. The following plants are also good for preparing infusions and decoctions:
- celandine;
- tobacco;
- nightshade;
- dandelion leaves.
The period of processing currants with infusions and decoctions lasts from the moment the snow melts and ends with the harvesting period. This will support the plants and provide them with protection from pests.
Use of finished products
As a therapeutic and prophylactic treatment, ready-made products can be used. They are offered in a wide range of specialized stores. They should be prepared strictly according to the instructions.
The following are recognized as the best among the finished preparations for processing currants:
- bordeaux liquid;
- fufafon;
- acdelik;
- karbofos;
- colloidal sulfur.
Don't miss the early spring! Let it be at this time that the currant bushes receive the necessary protection.
Thanks to timely processing, you will get healthy, powerful plants. This means a bountiful harvest of tasty and healthy berries.
Currant is a berry with a bright taste. Most people like her. But in order to get the harvest that is optimal in terms of volume and quality, you will have to deal with a number of unpleasant factors.
Diseases
There are a number of currant diseases, in the description of which red spots are mentioned. This kind of negative manifestation is especially often associated with an infection or pest attack from April to August inclusive. Less often, this problem occurs in the fall. Most likely, the appearance of such a problem with anthracnose damage. It appears equally often on black, red and white currants.
The harm of anthracnose is not limited to the deterioration of the external appearance of plants. Shoots begin to grow worse, yield decreases. And even those fruits that still manage to be harvested will turn out to be less pleasant to the taste. The first phase of the lesion is sometimes expressed instead of red spots on the foliage in the appearance of plaque in the form of shiny tubercles. Gradually, the ledges merge and turn brown, while the foliage turns yellow and dries up.
If red currants grow on the site, the leaves will fall off rather quickly. In the black variety, they are able to sag until the end of autumn. But there is little pleasant in this, because the disfigured foliage only spoils the view and is unable to fulfill its function. The continuation of the disease leads to a gradual infection of the fruit. Spores of the fungus survive the winter in fallen leaves, therefore, it is required to get rid of it persistently and without a trace.
The good news: when the summer is hot and there is little rainfall, the likelihood of illness is low. But it still persists. And therefore it is worthwhile to carefully, at least once a week, inspect all the bushes in order to notice the lesion in a timely manner.
There are other disorders of the currant, in which it sheds berries. It is worth noting that such a loss in yield is not always associated with pathological processes. When a shrub has been planted recently, it may simply not have time to gain the necessary condition. Therefore, the plant loses berries, does not cope well with their retention on the branches. For a similar reason, the problem occurs on old bushes, which have almost outlived their life. For gardeners, this is a kind of warning, allowing them to prepare for planting a new currant or for a radical change to another crop.
It is also worth checking such non-pathological conditions as:
- moisture deficiency;
- incorrect selection of the site (excessive shadow);
- lack of pollination;
- mechanical defects of the bush;
- the action of pests.
Berries are showered, however, also due to fungal infections. This problem occurs especially often when when plantings of currants step over the ten-year mark. White bloom indicates a powdery mildew attack. Anthracnose is also capable of ruining the crop in the bud; it is recognized by black dots on the leaves, and in its developed form by brown spots.
Chlorosis of currants invariably turns out to be a formidable opponent for gardeners. The infection is expressed in the fact that in the last days of June or at the beginning of July, a change in the color of the leaves suddenly begins. Initially, the green color becomes paler (lighter), then an admixture of yellowness appears. Gradually, it grows and ends with a complete yellowing of the foliage, up to a deathly white hue. The leaves are repainted very quickly, each change in tone occurs in a maximum of 10 days, and the end is always the same - early leaf fall.
Fruits develop insufficiently due to lack of nutrition. And even those berries that can be harvested are small in size. Problems with planting the next year's harvest are likely. In trees affected by chlorosis, first of all, the tops of young shoots dry out.
Moving further, the lesion focus covers the shoots and passes to the main branches. It is noted that with chlorosis, currants live 2-3 times less than a healthy plant. She suffers much more from freezing in winter. Indeed, many times less nutrients accumulate in the tissues of the tree than is required to overcome the frosty period. Chlorosis can be expected due to factors contributing to it, such as:
- prolonged drought;
- flooding of gardens;
- excessive concentration of lime in the ground;
- long-term lack of organic fertilizers and the associated depletion of the fertile layer;
- deficiency or even total depletion of easily assimilated forms of iron;
- poisoning with various substances.
But suppose there were no floods in the garden, the weather was not dry, there was enough fertilizer and farmers did not abuse pesticides. Nevertheless, the occurrence of chlorosis is quite likely due to other factors. So, it is enough to get poisonous substances with industrial emissions, a high rise in soil water or the use of obviously incompatible vaccinations. Another source of the problem is the excessive introduction of chicken droppings.
The difficulty lies in the fact that it is impossible to conduct a comprehensive investigation every time with the involvement of chemists, biologists and experienced agronomists. Even soil analysis is an ordinary matter, it costs thousands of rubles. For ordinary summer residents, this amount is unbearable. There is still a way out: train your observation skills and learn to understand what exactly happened based on visual manifestations. Leaves that turn yellow throughout the shoot are the result of soil oxygen deficiency.
Sometimes it is provoked by the farmers themselves. Currants moderately love water, and they thoughtlessly water it, leading to flooding. But in some cases, the root cause is stubborn cyclones, bringing rains or pouring down stormy downpours. The result is one: almost all the air has been displaced from the soil. It is extremely difficult to do something in such an environment, therefore it remains to count on a more successful next season.
When the weather is good, but organic matter has not been added for a long time, the likely primary source of chlorosis is the absence of worms or their migration to more favorable areas. These invisible diggers are paving kilometers of tunnels to facilitate access to oxygen and water. The absence of such passages, together with a limited amount of humus, creates a lot of problems. It will not be possible to “close the question” quickly. First, you will have to add organic fertilizers with a margin, then loosen the soil so that it remains scattered to the depth of the fork entrance.
For a while, the garden or vegetable garden will have to be kept moist. This is exactly what the farmers do when they decide to radically break with the erroneous course of action and make amends for the plantings. If yellowing of the foliage on the shoots is noticeable from the bottom up, the most likely culprit is poor nitrogen nutrition. But the advancement of yellowness in the opposite direction immediately reveals a lack of iron. Experienced farmers will tell right away from the yellow leaves between the veins: the land has lost its zinc reserves.
A purely infectious nature is such a currant ailment as septoria. Its main foci cover leaves; berries and shoots are much less likely to be affected. Diseased leaves are distinguished by rounded or angular spots up to 0.3 cm in diameter. The initial color of the foci is brown, soon their middle part turns white, while the perimeter is surrounded by a dark brown rim. A very powerful development of the infection leads to the fusion of spots and can even destroy the infected parts of the plant.
The high intensity of the process is indicated by the appearance of black dots in the central parts of the foci. Berries and stems are also covered with separate spots of this kind. First of all, you need to look for them at the poles of the fruit and on the stalks. Septoriosis is triggered by a fungus, so it attacks currants and other plants most actively in hot, wet weather. The threat is especially great in the second part of summer, it is promoted by the onset of planting disease with an unjustifiably high density.
Currant leaves are infected with septoria in the spring. The source of infection is the spores thrown out by the structures of the fungus that have matured on already diseased stems and fallen leaves. A characteristic feature of the infection is that the upper shoots are affected less and less frequently. Even with a stubborn struggle, the productivity of the bushes is likely to drop by 40, sometimes by 50%.
If we compare septoria with scab, it is worth immediately pointing out the insidiousness of the second ailment. It is provoked not only by fungi, but also by actinomycetes, and even bacteria. Under the influence of scab, leaves and underground parts, shoots and berries are affected, and the yield decreases sharply. It should be borne in mind that all types of plants affected by scab have a special look. A situation is excluded in which the disease would have passed from potatoes to apple or berry crops. But the similarity of external manifestations, which makes it possible to give a common specific name for the disease, still attracts attention.
Sick plants are characterized by flaky skin. Both spots and pustules appear on them. Warts and ulcers are likely to form. The strong activity of the pathogen leads to desiccation and shedding of foliage, disorganizes the movement of juices in the plant. Both present and future crops are under threat.
When the scab covers the flowers and buds, they also fall off, having previously lost their grace. If you try to keep the diseased fruit scab, they easily begin to rot. Cracks in the skin are a convenient entrance for decomposing microorganisms. Gardeners who planted currants should be afraid of scab only under certain meteorological conditions. High humidity is critically significant, without which the infection is almost non-viable.
In the spring, the fungus begins to act when the snow melts and the air warms up to about 12 degrees. In summer, scab develops actively if:
- dew often falls;
- there is a thick fog systematically;
- heavy rains are falling.
It is in the power of farmers to exclude another risk factor: overly dense planting. The danger is especially great when the aisles are filled with herbaceous plants that easily transfer spores from one tree to another. There is a growing danger of scab transfer in gardens whose owners do not bother with species diversity. Infection directly with currants of a currant bush is quite likely, but it will be harder to move a bridge from an apple tree to berry crops, for example, to a fungus.
Another important point is the immune characteristics of the variety, they can differ significantly. If the branches just dry, harmful insects should be blamed for this. Only when the assumption of their invasion is rejected, it makes sense to look for a pathology. For your information: on red, black and white currants, diseases should be treated in approximately the same ways.
Goblet rust is another type of fungal infection. The external manifestation of the disease is the appearance of orange blisters with a red tint on the leaves.
The transfer of fungal spores occurs due to gusts of wind, but initially they develop on sedge. Goblet rust, like other fungal infections, needs wet weather to develop. The name of the disease is given by the characteristic change in the color of the foliage. In the advanced phase of the disorder, it may disappear, and soon the fruits will suffer the same fate. There is also columnar rust, the primary source of which is coniferous trees; this enemy attacks primarily black currants.
At first, you will notice only small patches of yellow color appearing in different places on the foliage. Below these spots correspond to orange pads. Leaf fall is noticeably accelerated in comparison with the norm, the development of shoots slows down. Currant bushes affected by columnar rust survive the winter much worse than healthy ones. Important: regardless of the reason provoking the degradation of parts of the bush, you need to fight it immediately.
Drying of shoots is a separate disease that appears more often on red and white currants than on the black variety. The disease is expressed in the rapid death of the branches. Initially, the branches are covered with small orange dots, which are rather difficult to notice. But gradually the affected areas become larger and transform into brown protrusions. Once the spores mature, these ridges will turn black.
The defeat of gray mold occurs due to the movement of spores by wind and rain. The source of infection is diseased branches and fruits degraded to the state of a mummy. A characteristic defect is brown spots on the foliage. Importantly, gray rot is often accompanied by mold damage and attacks primarily white currants. This completes the list of dangerous fungal pathologies of the shrub.
Even worse than a fungus are viral infections, sometimes they end in the complete death of the plant. In principle, it is impossible to get rid of harmful microorganisms. Terry, or in other words, reversion, deprives of any chance to collect the fruits. There is no disease of the currant that would affect it worse. Terry begins to affect already at the flowering stage, so at this moment you need to carefully examine the petals and foliage.
Normally, leaves with five lobes grow on currants, but if the plant is affected by terry, two lobes disappear. The end pieces are sharpened and pulled out. There are fewer teeth at the edges, and each of them is larger than the usual norm. An unusual darkening of the foliage is noted, the characteristic currant aroma completely disappears. Differences from the norm also appear during flowering - it occurs several days later than required.
The inflorescences themselves are pitiful in appearance and oblong, painted in a dirty pink color, sometimes the green color remains. The formation of berries is excluded, soon the affected inflorescences will dry out. It should be borne in mind that there is still no way to combat terry.
Even when only one branch is sick, you need to get rid of the whole bush. Moreover, the greens have to be burned to prevent the spread of infection.
With regard to the striped mosaic virus, its spread is due to:
- defeat of aphids;
- contact with ticks;
- grafting infected cuttings onto initially healthy bushes;
- trimming various plants without changing or disinfecting tools.
Diseased plants differ from the first days of June. The main veins of their foliage acquire a bright yellow color. Like other viral disorders, the currant striped mosaic is incorrigible. The only way to fight it is through prevention. When the plant does get sick, it is uprooted as soon as possible and put on fire. In the same place, the next attempt to grow currants is made at least 5 years later.
Alternaria is a serious fungal infection of the currant, in which its leaves are covered with gray spots with a black tint. The disease covers the stalks and cuttings. Its crushing power hits foliage, berries, green shoots. By the end of summer, currant bushes are covered with a strong, elastic bloom, it is described as a brown olive film. The causative agent of Alternaria does not destroy red and black currants. However, the development of plants is suppressed, their branches ripen worse, they can even freeze over in winter. It is also not worth counting on a normal harvest.
It is also important to know about the signs of cercosporosis, sometimes also called brown spot. It is characterized by spots of a chestnut shade, the outer edge of which is bordered by a light stripe. Gradually the growth of spots leads to the formation of a continuous brown layer on the plate.
Phyllostic spotting is noticed first of all on the outside of the leaf. With this disorder, small reddish spots appear. They later lighten and take on a dirty brownish tint. With a severe form of the disease, the diseased parts of the leaf often fall off, leaving empty holes. Ascochitis infects black and red currants.
Any fungal spotting results in:
- the withering away of foliage;
- unreasonably early leaf fall;
- freezing or drying of young shoots;
- a general deterioration in the resistance of the bush to cold;
- loss of productivity;
- bad taste of the harvested berries.
With verticillary wilting, the vascular system suffers first of all. The mycelium filaments tend to grow as soon as possible. But since they occupy the root vessels, these channels become impenetrable and rot. No matter how much moisture the root gets, no matter how fertile the earth is, the surface part is starving and tormented by thirst. The signs are predictable:
- yellow leaves;
- dried berries;
- early death of the bush.
Healing with verticillary wilting is impossible. All that remains for the gardeners is to sigh sadly and destroy the diseased plantings in the flame of the fire. Plus, it's better to take care of prevention for the next year.
Another thing is moniliosis, it is also fruit rot. Even those uninformed in agronomy and microbiology will be able to recognize such a pathology. A sufficient basis for the diagnosis is the clarification and flabbiness of the berries. Even these weak, puny fruits cannot hold on to the branch in full. Some of them fall off and collapse to the ground before the time allotted by nature.
Each such berry must be collected and eliminated, because it is a time bomb.
Prophylaxis
To protect currant bushes from all sorts of ailments, special spraying should be done. In the spring, the Zircon remedy is the best. Re-processing is also allowed, which must be done in the last days of August. Autumn spraying is an important measure of preventive care for shrubs. Urea is prepared for him by dissolving it in water in a proportion of 7%.
With such a preparation, it is required to process not only the bushes themselves, but also the ground under them. To further strengthen the protection, "Zircon" is used again - in April. In the spring, before the buds swell, but after the end of severe cold weather, the currants are poured over with boiling water. Its preventive properties will be higher with the addition of soda or potassium permanganate. These reagents do an excellent job with fungal infection and at the same time with spider mites.
An important preventive measure is compliance with the principles of crop rotation and permissible neighborhood. To reduce the threat of infection with viruses (we repeat, they are all incurable), it is necessary to fight the invasions of aphids and ticks. Careful selection of planting material is of great importance. In cold, wet weather, shelter sometimes helps. Adequate drainage of the orchard accelerates the removal of water, and also slightly reduces the risk of waterlogging in case of heavy rainfall.
Prevention of powdery mildew necessarily implies optimization of the doses of nitrogen fertilization applied directly under the bushes. Excessive volume of it leads to an increase in the risk of disease. If part of the plantings are damaged by anthracnose, its further spread can be stopped by thorough cleaning of fallen leaves. It is subject to disposal and is not suitable as fertilizer. You can not transplant and graft individual parts of diseased plants.
Agrotechnical prevention of currant diseases includes:
- planting seedlings with a 30-50 mm entry of root necks and with pruning of shoots (a maximum of 2 or 3 buds should remain above the surface);
- regular watering;
- rational mulching;
- change of bushes that have lived for 7 years to younger plants;
- normal annual pruning;
- digging row spacings in the fall;
- treatment of all damages, regardless of their origin, with garden varnish;
- the use of wood ash as an additive for bushes (this saturates the shrub with phosphorus and potassium, while enhancing the immunity to powdery mildew).
Infusion of cow dung turns out to be a strong prophylactic agent. 5 kg of it is poured with water to the very edge of the bucket and put in heat for 2-3 days. Next, a couple of liters of the prepared composition are diluted with 10 liters of pure water. It can be diluted both in a bucket and in a watering can. But apply only by watering the foliage from a watering can.
The preparation of an infusion of celandine is also possible with the use of cut branches, plant flowers. They fill an ordinary bucket (designed for 10 liters) to the middle. After adding water, wait 2 to 4 hours. Then you can immediately process the currant bushes. Such a procedure will not protect against diseases directly, but it will destroy aphids and mites that climb into the kidneys. Namely, these organisms are responsible for the spread of many infections.
A good prophylaxis in some cases is the use of infusion of onions or garlic. 1 fruit is poured with 1 liter of water at room temperature and placed in heat for a week. If the room temperature is quite high, you can shorten the holding time to 5 days. Direct preparation consists in diluting 20 g of solution in 10 liters of water. Such an infusion is effective not only against fungi and microbes, but also in the fight against aphids and mites.
Anthracnose can be prevented by choosing varieties resistant to it: "Chulkovskaya", "Victoria" or "Generous" currants. But even the seedlings of these plants are subject to careful selection. Before disembarking, they are dipped for 5-6 minutes in a weak (1%) solution of copper sulfate and washed in clean water. Planting is recommended only where currants have never grown before. Approaching trees and using lowlands is categorically unacceptable.
When currants are treated or solutions are applied for prophylactic purposes, it is very important that they fall on the entire bush. We must not forget that the lower edge of the sheet also needs protection or help. Goblet rust can be prevented by removing sedges from the area and avoiding planting currants wherever they grow. It is also worth abandoning the idea of planting this shrub in wetlands. Even if the swampiness is moderate, it presents favorable conditions for infection.
Columnar rust prevention generally requires the same approach as anthracnose containment. A specific measure is only feeding with mixtures containing zinc and copper sulfate. You should also use potassium nitrate and superphosphate. Ammonium nitrate is undesirable. Agronomists recommend Chulkovskaya berry as a relatively resistant variety.
Folk ways
Treatment with boiling water in some cases helps to preserve currants no worse than patented factory remedies. Watering shrubs and the land around them with hot water is required evenly. To work more efficiently, it is worth adding potassium permanganate to boiling water. Pruning is carried out immediately after the treatment is completed, and the old leaves and old mulch must be removed. The use of Bordeaux liquid is also useful, but boiling water itself often helps to preserve the health of the bushes, especially if there are no special reasons for alarm.
It should be borne in mind that steep boiling water is not suitable for processing bushes. It is worth waiting for a while and letting the water cool down. It is recommended to tie the branches together before starting processing. If the plant has already "come to life", even only in a small part, it cannot be watered: you need to try to keep pace between the onset of warming and the formation of a green bud on the bush. Another option is to use boiling water in the winter, as soon as leaf fall ends.
Colloidal sulfur treatment can bring good results. This composition is used in the form of a suspension at a concentration of 0.5%. Shrubs are processed five times per season. For the first time they make it before flowering, and then the composition is used immediately after its completion. Then they pause at 10 and 20 days. The final blow to infection is delivered when the crop is harvested.
Prepare the suspension as follows:
- collect 50 g of sulfur powder;
- diluted in a certain amount of warm water to make a gruel;
- add water in small portions, achieving a total volume of 10 liters of liquid.
The use of celandine helps to support the treatment with synthetic drugs or even replace them altogether. It simultaneously attacks microorganisms and pests visible to the naked eye. For the preparation of a liquid preparation, 4 kg of fresh crushed shoots or 1 kg of dried green mass are usually used. Such raw materials are poured into 10 liters of water and kept under a lid in a warm room for 36 hours, then filtered. The same infusion helps a lot in protecting the gooseberry. Another option involves the use of a powder obtained from dried shoots of celandine: you need to powder the bushes with this powder.
Wood ash, along with its main task - the fight against powdery mildew, helps to drive fireflies and various sawflies from the site. To prepare the mixture, 0.3 kg of ash is dissolved in a bucket of water and infused for 48 hours. The addition of 0.04 kg of laundry soap helps to increase the adhesion of the composition to the foliage. If powdery mildew appears, sometimes the infusion of stale hay is also beneficial. They are processed 2 or 3 times with a gap of 5-7 days; for wood ash, two treatments are recommended, separated by 10-12 days.
Control methods
You should not be frivolous about the pathologies of currants. The approach to dealing with them varies greatly depending on the current season. It is required to process the plant as early as possible in the spring. Then it is possible to get ahead of the awakening of both the kidneys and aggressive microorganisms and pests that carry them. In some cases, they begin to fight before the snow cover melts.
The very first step is to take a close look at the plants and remove any dry branches. Along with them, you will have to remove everything that is beaten by frost, ice or snow movements. The longer you delay with such a procedure, the higher the risk of problems.
Plantings of currants deserve exclusive attention in the fall. Since the harvest is completely removed, you can use any means you want, without being particularly embarrassed of their harmful effects. But at the same time, of course, we must not forget about our own safety.
Watering currant bushes with boiling water in autumn is a useless exercise, because microorganisms and pests hidden in the kidneys are unattainable for him.
Before treatment or prevention in the autumn months, pruning is mandatory. It is even more easily experienced by plants than in spring, because seasonal dormancy sets in and stress decreases. It is recommended to combine "business with pleasure": since there is a convenient moment to make sanitary pruning, why not form the crown at the same time, not thin it out. All shoots of the sixth and subsequent years must be removed. You still can't wait for the berries from such parts, but they become a fertile base for infection.
As soon as the pruning is completed, the shrub should be sprayed with a solution of karbofos or colloidal sulfur. Their concentration is 2% and 1%, respectively. Such compositions must be applied not only to the bushes themselves, but also to the areas adjacent to them. Only after the end of spraying against the background of dry autumn is watering done before winter. Regardless of the humidity, the circle near the trunk is covered with a fresh layer of organic mulch, taking measures to prevent infected plants and their parts from getting there.
How exactly to treat currants, including during flowering and immediately after it, is determined only by careful, thoughtful study of the situation. So, when red spots appear, you should check the version about aphids. If it is correct, there will be sticky marks along with the colored blotches. And early shoots and foliage will concentrate the aggressor's colonies. These two signs (or their absence) make it possible to draw an unambiguous conclusion.
The defeat by anthracnose, according to agronomists, is worse than the invasion of aphids. Defeating him in one season is rare. When symptoms are noticed in the fall, it is worth postponing remedial measures until spring. When the snow melts, use hot water.
But with a summer infection, postponing aid for several months means significantly worsening the situation. It is recommended to immediately spray all the currants that are sick with the Bordeaux mixture, and cut off and burn the directly affected parts.
As already mentioned, there are no ways to combat terry. There are only general recommendations for prevention:
- sanitary pruning in early spring;
- removal of even single old leaves immediately after it;
- boiling water treatment of a shrub;
- systematic weeding.
Of the drugs used to combat currant diseases, Bordeaux liquid is very useful. It effectively suppresses various types of spotting, rust and anthracnose. The same liquid also helps to avoid illness. The standard schedule implies processing immediately after flowering, then with a pause of 10 days. The last planned pass is done when all the berries are removed; of course, when symptoms of a lesion appear, plantings must be processed out of schedule.
The preparation of a Bordeaux liquid solution most often involves its dilution to 1%. For this purpose, take 0.1 kg of copper sulfate and 0.15 kg of quicklime. First, vitriol is dissolved in 3 liters of water. The same volume is used for slaking lime, while observing the known precautions. When both manipulations are done, vitriol is poured into lime, thoroughly mixed, filtered through a metal sieve and water is added to make 10 liters.
A good substitute for Bordeaux liquid is a solution of copper oxychloride (at a concentration of 0.3%) or systemic fungicides. As for the fight against anthracnose, the same Bordeaux liquid is used at a concentration of 1%. And from synthetic formulations "Fitodoctor" is recommended. When using it, you cannot deviate from the instructions. When goblet rust appears, it is advisable to use phytosporin.
Returning to powdery mildew, it is worth emphasizing that some experts believe that the best way to combat it is the use of ferrous sulfate. 10 g of this reagent is dissolved in 30 l of water. This spraying should be done immediately after flowering. Then it is repeated 2 or 3 times, with a pause of 10 days. From natural mixtures, humus infusion helps. It is prepared by taking 1 part of the substance and 2 parts of water; it takes 2 days to infuse the drug.
If powdery mildew has completely captured a separate shoot, it will definitely have to be cut and destroyed. A similar approach is practiced for non-dead drying. All cutting points are supposed to be lubricated with garden pitch. Suppression of gray mold is achieved through the use of fungicides.
However, you must have time to use them before the fruits are formed. The best option is to act when the plants are in bloom.
All about the diseases and treatment of currants, see the video below.
Diseases of black currant are subdivided as follows:
- fungal;
- viral;
- bacterial;
- infectious.
Powdery mildew on the leaves
Powdery mildew is a real scourge of young bushes. Recently, this problem has been encountered very often due to climate change in some regions and heavy rains.
The causative agent of the disease is a fungus of the Sphaerotheca species. If the treatment is not treated, the plant may die.
The main signs by which you can recognize the disease include the appearance of black dots on the leaves and shoots, as well as the twisting and falling of the leaf plates.
The methods of struggle are as follows:
- Fitosporin.
It is a microbiological fungicide that penetrates deep into the plant's cellular system and acts as a natural antibiotic. - Fundazol.
This drug is used in severely advanced cases. It is a fungicide of systemic and contact action, it copes well with fungal infections. - Iodine solution (5% bottle of the drug in a bucket of water).
This is a common fungal disease.
Develops on leaves, aerial parts of shrub shoots and very rarely on fruits
Anthracnose
It is a serious disease caused by the Colletotrichum fungus. The first sign is the appearance of red spots on the leaves. Later, they enlarge and form obstacles to the movement of nutrients. Also, the disease can be recognized by rolling the leaves. Treatment should be started immediately.
The methods of fighting the fungus are as follows:
- Copper sulfate. The plant is treated with a 1% solution, consuming, on average, 1.5 liters per adult bush.
- Fitosporin. Usually 5 grams of the drug is diluted in one bucket of water.
- Previkur.
- Fundazol.
The disease is caused by ascomycete fungi
Tomatoes, cucumbers, melons, grapes, cherries and other crops are also susceptible to this disease.
Terry
Terry currant is a virus that can kill a plant. It is quite difficult to identify it. Sometimes the characteristic symptoms are found only for 3-4 years.
These include:
- lack of berries on bushes and individual shoots;
- transformation of sheet plates;
- lack of a characteristic currant aroma.
The disease can be detected by the following signs on the leaves:
- foliage deformation:
- their darkening;
- the disappearance of the aroma;
- stretching flower brushes;
- deformation of flowers.
There is no effective treatment.
Affected bushes must be uprooted and burned, and healthy ones, in order to ensure safety, must be treated with preparations with insecticidal properties: a solution of Lepidocide, Fufanon, Akarin and others, strictly following the instructions.
This is a very dangerous disease that can lead to the death of the plant.
The second name of the disease is currant reversion
White spot or septoria
This disease is widespread in central Russia. Many do not even pay attention to this kind of damage to the bush, and in vain: if treatment is not carried out, the case may end in loss of yield and death of the plant.
The causative agent is a fungus from the genus Axomycetes. The main symptoms of the disease include the following:
- the appearance of brown spots on the leaves;
- drying of sheet plates.
Treatment is carried out by destroying the affected areas, spraying the bushes with a 1% Bordeaux mixture or treating them with fungicides (Bayleton, Ridomil Gold, etc.).
Most often appears in the first and second decades of June
At the first sign, immediate treatment is required.
Rust
If the plant begins to lose foliage in the middle of summer, this is an alarming sign. Similar symptoms are characteristic of a disease caused by a dangerous fungus. There are 2 types of rust:
- Goblet. Looks like raised brown spots.
- Columnar. It is an outgrowth on the lower part of the leaves.
The disease causes a decrease in the immunity of the plant and can lead to the death of the crop. Treatment should be started as soon as characteristic symptoms are detected. For processing use:
- Bordeaux mixture.
- HOM drug.
This is a fungal disease
The disease is also common in gooseberries.
Striped mosaic
This is a viral disease. One of the characteristic symptoms is a change in the color of the leaves: patterned grayish-yellow spots appear on them. In this case, it is useless to carry out treatment: it is necessary to dig up and burn the bush in order to prevent the spread of the infection.
When digging up, it is necessary to ensure that not even a tiny root of the infected crop remains in the soil. This can cause infection of another healthy plant.
This virus can also appear on cereals: wheat, barley, oats.
This disease cannot be cured
The main pests and methods of dealing with them
Blackcurrant pests include:
Most likely, this is a glass case - an insect that infects currants.
How to process the bushes in the fall
After harvesting, a crucial period of preparation for the new season begins. It depends on how seriously you approach this, whether the black currant will bring a good harvest next year or not.
As a rule, in the fall, shrubs are sprayed with special chemicals in order to protect them. The soil under each plant is loosened and processed, and top dressing is applied.
The procedure involves pruning the bush
Preventive measures to prevent diseases and pests of currants
If the black currant is young (3 years or less), it is recommended to thin out the bush by removing old or diseased shoots.
Juicy and fleshy berries can only be obtained with proper plant care.
Plant treatment is troublesome and slow. To avoid unnecessary problems, it is enough to adhere to the simplest care rules and spray on time. You also need to pay attention to the condition of the currant bushes and fix the slightest changes in order to have time to prevent the development of the disease.
Red currant is a very resistant shrub to heat and cold, drought and waterlogging. Diseases of red currants, this is its weak point. And if you don't pay enough attention to the plant, it will disappear.
Viral diseases of red currant
Like all fruit trees and shrubs, red currants are susceptible to diseases, viral and fungal. There are several viral diseases that pose the greatest danger to the bush.
Reversal or terry. More often it affects black currant bushes, but the disease is transmitted by a kidney mite or garden tools from a diseased plant.
This disease can develop for several years on a single plant. And the longer you do not pay attention to it, the more neighboring fruit and berry crops will be infected. During incubation, the virus modifies the plant beyond recognition. The consequences are the complete sterility of the bush.
The virus can be identified by the following criteria:
- During flowering, the flowers do not smell at all;
- Inflorescence petals, change color to greenish-cyanotic. They take on unnaturally elongated shapes;
- The petals are made "double", the inflorescences stop growing, the berries will not have time to set, as the flowers crumble.
A sick bush has no chance of salvation. The infected plant must be disposed of from the site and burned. After such a disease of red currants, currant bushes cannot be planted in this place for several more years.
- a fatal disease of the currant bush. It can be detected by the modification of the leaves of the berry. Along all the veins on the leaf plate, a pattern appears that becomes brighter and brighter. Such an ailment leads to the sterility and death of the shrub. The plant must also be removed from the garden and burned.
Fungal diseases of red currant
Muchoose or anthracosis- most dangerous for red currant bushes. White and black have great resistance to disease. Often summer residents wonder what it might be, there are red spots on the leaves. It is on the berry that a red gall aphid starts up. It is possible to determine the contamination of red currants with anthracosis by the presence of red spots on the leaves.
At the beginning of the infection, almost invisible brown dots appear. After that, convex red spots are formed on the leaves of the currant. They very quickly increase in size, disfiguring and deforming the leaf plate.
Red currant anthracosis
Red currant leaves, with red spots formed on them, wither and fall off ahead of time. Fruiting at the bush is sharply reduced.
- a very unpleasant disease of the berry. First of all, the lower part of the leaf plate is affected. Red growths are formed on it, resembling the shape of a glass.
In these growths, the spore of the fungus matures. Ripening of the spore occurs throughout the summer, and by autumn the fungus is spread by winds to neighboring plants. If there are sedge thickets near the site, it is necessary to get rid of it as soon as possible. It is from this plant that rust enters the garden.
Spheroteka or powdery mildew- familiar to almost all gardeners, a disease of fruit and berry plants. It affects not only the leaf plate, branches and berries, including. It is determined by such characteristics. At first, the leaf is covered with a white bloom (as if sprinkled with flour). Further, this plaque changes color and turns into dark spots.
The plant slows down significantly in growth. Leaves curl and crumble. The berries do not ripen, they also crumble. Infected red currants may not survive the winter if left untreated. And if it survives until spring, then with the warmth of spring, the powdery mildew will finally eat the surviving bush and begin to move to neighboring bushes.
Septoria- the formation of white spot on the leaves. The disease rarely infects red currant bushes. It can be identified by the presence of dark brown spots on the leaves. The spots grow over time and acquire a light, almost white tint. The border of the light spot remains brown.
Disease control methods
Control measures for red leaves on red currants are as follows. Every ten days, the currant bush must be sprayed with fungicidal solutions. It can be copper sulfate or. Colloidal sulfur or Phthalan. It is very important to process the entire bush completely, because anthracnose affects both leaves and shoots to the very root.
As a preventive measure, even before the buds bloom, the bush and the soil around the root are treated with "Nitrafen" or copper sulfate. After the bush has bloomed, it must be sprayed three times, with an interval of two weeks. Bordeaux liquid is used for processing. Gardeners recommend processing red currants with Titanium, Agrolekar, Title 390.
We must not forget about timely pruning in the fall and spring. Also, in the fall, the root soil is necessarily loosened, all fallen leaves are removed. After all, it is in them that fungal spores winter.
Garden tools, must be disinfected before work. Rinse it in a cool solution of potassium permanganate or pour boiling water over it.
Glassy rust can be fought with agrochemicals - Agrolekar, PropiPlus, Chistophlor and Forecast. Or use folk remedies proven over the years.
Agrohealer helps fight goblet rust
You need to prepare two containers. In one of them, crush and insist in two liters of water a glass of garlic. In a second glass of tobacco, but only in three liters of liquid. Put the containers with garlic and tobacco for a couple of days in a dark place for infusion.
After, when the water is saturated with aroma, mix everything and pour into a bucket. Add half a pack of ground black pepper to them, 100 gr. liquid soap (so that the solution adheres well to the plant). Insist for another three hours, and strain.
Such a burning mixture must be sprinkled on the shrub before it begins to bloom. What has been filtered (garlic and tobacco) does not need to be thrown away. It should be scattered under the red currants. Immediately after flowering, spray the bush with a decoction of onion husks.
To get rid of the spheroteka, you need to dissolve ordinary baking soda (50 grams) in ten liters. water. Spray the bush with this mixture. You can dilute cow dung in water, for 1 part mullein three parts of liquid. Leave to ferment for three days and dilute again in this ratio. Process the bush with this slurry every week until complete recovery. A three percent solution of ferrous sulfate is suitable for treating a bush every 10 days.
Purchased drugs for the treatment of spheroteka - Baktofit and. Tiovit Jet, Alirin-B and.
Septoria should be fought in the same way as with anthracosis. And the prevention of the disease is the same. Fungicides for treatment - Chistoflor, Forecast, Shop. As soon as the buds begin to bloom, red currants are sprayed, in a ratio of 10 liters. water 40 gr., and Bordeaux liquid.
Red currant pests
In addition to red currant diseases, insects damage plants. The most common of them are leaf and shoot aphids, and gooseberry moth. Kidney moth and currant goldfish. Pale-footed sawfly and spider mite. You can read more about the pests of currants.
The larvae of the currant goldfish hide in the branches for the winter, so it will help to identify and remove them.
With ticks and aphids, you need to fight with the help of Karbofos and Fitover. He does not like pungent odors, so summer residents spray the bushes with a decoction of tobacco or wormwood.
To prevent the plant from getting infected, you need to carry out regular and timely prevention.
