Queen of England now. Queen Elizabeth is the symbol of Great Britain. Children of Elizabeth II
Elizabeth II in October 1942
“In general, no one taught me to be a queen: my father died too early and it happened so unexpectedly - I had to immediately get involved in the business and at the same time try not to hit my face in the mud. I had to grow up to the position that I took. It was fate, it should be accepted and not murmured. I believe that continuity is very important. My job is for life. "
Elizabeth II, Queen of Great Britain
I wonder what it's like to celebrate your birthday for over 50 years twice a year? This question can be answered by Queen Elizabeth II, who was born on April 21, 1926 in London, and for many years her birthday has been celebrated throughout the United Kingdom not only on April 21, but also on the 3rd Saturday of June.
Her Royal Majesty's title in the United Kingdom reads like this: "Elizabeth II, by the grace of God, Queen of the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland and its other dominions and territories, Head of the Commonwealth, Defender of the Faith."
Queen Elizabeth II ascended the throne on February 6, 1952, following the death of her father, King George the Sixth. The coronation took place on June 2, 1953 at Westminster Abbey. Elizabeth was only 25 years old when she became queen, and has been for several decades.
The birthday is lavishly celebrated every year at Windsor Castle. It begins with a walk around the city (if this action, of course, can be called that). A 21-round salute is certainly given, which sounds at noon.
Throughout her reign, the Queen has been criticized more than once not only by British Republicans, but also by various British media, as well as by the general public. Nevertheless, Elizabeth II was able to maintain the prestige of the British monarchy, and her popularity in Great Britain is at its height.
Royal
Elizabeth II (English Elizabeth II), full name - Elizabeth Alexandra Mary (English Elizabeth Alexandra Mary; April 21, 1926, London) - Queen of Great Britain from 1952 to the present.
Elizabeth II comes from the Windsor dynasty. She ascended the throne on February 6, 1952 at the age of 25 after the death of her father, King George VI.
She is the head of the British Commonwealth of Nations and, in addition to Great Britain, the Queen of 15 independent states: Australia, Antigua and Barbuda, Bahamas, Barbados, Belize, Grenada, Canada, New Zealand, Papua New Guinea, Saint Vincent and the Grenadines, Saint Kitts and Nevis, Saint Lucia, Solomon Islands, Tuvalu, Jamaica. He is also the head of the Church of England and the Supreme Commander of the British Armed Forces.
Coats of arms at different times and in different countries
Coat of arms of Princess Elizabeth (1944-1947)
Coat of arms of Princess Elizabeth, Duchess of Edinburgh (1947-1952)
Royal coat of arms in Great Britain (except for Scotland)
Royal coat of arms in Scotland
Royal coat of arms in Canada
The full title of Elizabeth II in Great Britain sounds like “Her Majesty Elizabeth II, By the grace of God Of the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland and its other kingdoms and territories. Queen, Head of the Commonwealth, Defender of the Faith. "
During the reign of Elizabeth II, in all countries that recognize the British monarch as their head of state, laws were adopted according to which in each of these countries the British monarch acts as the head of this particular state, regardless of their titles in Great Britain itself or in third countries. Accordingly, in all these countries the title of the queen sounds in the same way, with the replacement of the name of the state. In some countries, the words “defender of the faith” have been removed from the title. For example, in Australia the title reads as follows: "Her Majesty Elizabeth II, by the grace of God, Queen of Australia and her other kingdoms and territories, Head of the Commonwealth."
On the islands of Guernsey and Jersey, Elizabeth II also bears the title of Duke of Normandy, on the Isle of Man - the title of "Lord of Maine".
History
Elizabeth II is the oldest British (English) monarch in history. She currently ranks second in history for the length of time on the British throne (after Queen Victoria) and also second in the world for the length of time as head of state among the current heads of state (after King Bhumibol Adulyadej of Thailand). She is also the oldest female incumbent in the world and the oldest incumbent in Europe.
The oldest active monarch in the world since January 24, 2015, after the death of the king Saudi Arabia Abdullah ibn Abdul-Aziz Al Saud.
During the reign of Elizabeth II, a very wide period of British history falls: the process of decolonization was completed, which was marked by the final collapse of the British Empire and its transformation into the Commonwealth of Nations. This period also included many other events, such as the long ethnopolitical conflict in Northern Ireland, the Falklands War, the wars in Iraq and Afghanistan.
Queen Elizabeth II, 1970
Public perception
At the moment, the majority of Britons positively assess the activities of Elizabeth II as a monarch (approximately 69% believe that the country would be worse without the monarchy; 60% believe that the monarchy contributes to raising the country's image abroad and only 22% were against the monarchy).
Despite the positive attitude of most of her subjects, the queen was criticized several times throughout her reign, in particular:
In 1963, when Britain emerged political crisis Elizabeth has been criticized for personally nominating Alexander Douglas-Hume as Prime Minister of Great Britain.
In 1997, for the lack of an instant reaction to the death of Princess Diana, the Queen was attacked not only by the anger of the British public, but even by many major British media (for example, The Guardian).
In 2004, after Elizabeth II beat a pheasant to death while hunting with a cane, a wave of indignation from environmental organizations about the monarch's actions swept across the country.
Elizabeth II is the last representative of the so-called "old school" of monarchs: she strictly adheres to age-old traditions and ceremonies and never deviates from the rules of established etiquette. Her Majesty never gives interviews or statements in the press. She is in full view, but at the same time is the most closed celebrity on the planet.
Princess Elizabeth with her pet, July 1936
Childhood
Princess Elizabeth Alexandra Mary was born in Mayfair, London, at the residence of the Earl of Strathmore at 17 Bruton Street. The area has now been rebuilt, and the house no longer exists, but a memorial plaque has been installed on this site. She received her name in honor of her mother (Elizabeth), grandmother (Maria) and great-grandmother (Alexandra).
Eldest daughter of Prince Albert, Duke of York (future King George VI, 1895-1952) and Lady Elizabeth Bowes-Lyon (1900-2002). Her grandparents: on her father's side - King George V (1865-1936) and Queen Mary, Princess of Teck (1867-1953); maternal - Claude George Bowes-Lyon, Earl of Strathmore (1855-1944) and Cecilia Nina Bowes-Lyon (1883-1938).
At the same time, the father insisted that the first name of his daughter was like that of the duchess. At first, they wanted to give the girl the name Victoria, but then they changed their minds. George V remarked: “Bertie discussed the name of the girl with me. He named three names: Elizabeth, Alexandra and Maria. The names are all good, I told him so, and about Victoria, I absolutely agree with him. It was superfluous. " Princess Elizabeth's christening took place on May 25 at the Buckingham Palace chapel, which was later destroyed during the war.
Queen Elizabeth II, 1930
In 1930, Elizabeth's only sister, Princess Margaret, was born.
The future queen received a good education at home, mainly in the humanities. Since childhood, she loved horses and equestrian sports. And also from childhood, unlike her more eccentric sister Margaret, she had a truly royal character. In the biography of Elizabeth II Sarah Bradford, it is mentioned that the future queen from childhood was a very serious child, who already then had a certain understanding of the responsibilities that fell on her as the heir to the throne, and a sense of duty. Since childhood, Elizabeth loved order, so she, for example, going to bed, always put slippers next to the bed, never allowing herself to scatter things in the room, as is inherent in many children. And already as a queen, she always made sure that no extra light was on in the palace, personally turning off the lights in empty rooms.
Queen Elizabeth II, 1926
Photo of 1929, Elizabeth is 3 years old
Princess Elizabeth in 1933
King George VI and (1895-1952) and Elizabeth Angela, Duchess of York (1900-2002), with her daughter, future queen - Princess Elizabeth, 1929
Queen with her daughters, October 1942
Princess at war
World War II began when Elizabeth was 13 years old. On October 13, 1940, she spoke on the radio for the first time - with an appeal to children affected by the scourge of war. In 1943, her first independent appearance in public took place - a visit to the regiment of guards grenadiers. In 1944 she became one of the five "state advisers" (persons entitled to perform the functions of the king in the event of his absence or incapacity). In February 1945, Elizabeth joined the "Auxiliary Territorial Service" - women's self-defense squads - and trained as a driver-mechanic of an ambulance, receiving the military rank of lieutenant. Her military service lasted five months, which gives reason to consider her the last not yet retired participant in the Second World War (the penultimate was Pope Benedict XVI, who served as an anti-aircraft gunner in the German armed forces).
Princess Elizabeth (left, in military uniform) on the balcony of Buckingham Palace (left to right) her mother Queen Elizabeth, British Prime Minister Winston Churchill, King George VI and Princess Margaret, May 8, 1945
Wedding
On November 20, 1947, Elizabeth married her distant relative, who, like her, is the great-great-grandson of Queen Victoria - Prince Philip Mountbatten, the son of Prince Andrew of Greece, who was then an officer in the British Navy. She met him at the age of 13, when Philip was still a cadet at the Dortmouth Naval Academy. After becoming her husband, Philip received the title of Duke of Edinburgh.
In November 2007, the Queen and her husband, the Duke of Edinburgh, celebrated their "Diamond Wedding", the sixtieth anniversary of their marriage. For the sake of such an occasion, the queen allowed herself a little liberty - for one day they retired with her husband for romantic memories in Malta, where Prince Philip once served, and the young Princess Elizabeth visited him.
Four children were born in their family: the heir to the throne - the eldest son Charles Philip Arthur George, Prince of Wales (born in 1948); Princess Anne Elizabeth Alice Louise (born 1950) Prince Andrew Albert Christian Edward, Duke of York (born 1960), Edward Anthony Richard Louis, Earl of Wessex (born 1964).
On December 29, 2010, Elizabeth II became a great-grandmother for the first time. On this day, her eldest grandson - the eldest son of Princess Anne Peter Phillips - and his Canadian wife Otam Kelly had a daughter. The girl became 12th in the British line of succession to the throne.
Coronation and beginning of reign
King George VI, Elizabeth's father, died on February 6, 1952. Elizabeth, while vacationing with her husband in Kenya, was proclaimed Queen of Great Britain.
The coronation ceremony of Elizabeth II took place at Westminster Abbey on June 2, 1953. This was the first televised coronation of a British monarch and is believed to have contributed significantly to the rise in popularity of television broadcasts.
After that, in 1953-1954. the queen made a six-month tour of the Commonwealth states, the British colonies and other countries of the world. Elizabeth II became the first monarch to visit Australia and New Zealand.
The queen with her six maids of honor
From left to right:
Lady Moira Hamilton (now Lady Moyra Campbell), Lady Anne Cox (now The Honorable Lady Glenconner), Lady Rosemary Spencer-Churchill (now Lady Rosemary Muir), Lady Mary Bailey-Hamilton (now Lady Mary Russell), Lady Jane Heathcote-Drummond- Willoughby (now Baroness de Willoughby de Eresby), Lady Jane Van-Tempest-Stewart (now The Honorable Lady Rayne)
Young Queen Elizabeth II
The Queen began her political activities, which included the opening of Parliament and the reception of prime ministers. In the fifties of the twentieth century, Elizabeth II and Prince Philip made many visits to the territory of the United Kingdom and the countries of the Commonwealth.
Meeting of Elizabeth II with the heads of the Commonwealth countries in 1960
In the sixties, the Queen of England made her historic visit to West Berlin at the height of the Cold War, and also invited the Japanese Emperor Hirohito on an official visit to Britain. Despite the turbulent social and political situation, she celebrated her Silver Jubilee in 1977. The celebrations were a success, with thousands of people celebrating the jubilee of Elizabeth II across the country.
The mature years of the reign of Queen Elizabeth II
Five years later, Great Britain took part in the hostilities against the Falkland Islands, during which Prince Andrew served in the Royal Navy as a helicopter pilot. In the eighties of the twentieth century, the first grandchildren of the Queen were born - Peter and Zara Phillips, the son and daughter of Anna, the royal princess and Captain Mark Phillips.
In 1992, a disaster struck, as a result of which a fire destroyed part of Windsor Castle. In the same year, the marriages of Prince Charles, Prince Andrew and Princess Anne were dissolved. The Queen called 1992 "a terrible year." In 1996, the marriage of Prince Charles and Princess Diana was dissolved. Tragedy followed in 1997 when Diana died in a car accident.
2002 was a sad year for Queen Elizabeth II of England, as her sister Princess Margaret died.
The reign of Queen Elizabeth II
During the reign of Queen Elizabeth II of England, many changes were made in Great Britain. The Queen successfully fulfills her political duties as head of state, head of the Commonwealth of Nations, ceremonial duties, and duties of visits within the UK and abroad.
Elizabeth II introduced many reforms to the monarchy. In 1992, she proposed introducing taxes on profits and capital gains. She opened official royal residences to the people, including Buckingham Palace and Windsor Castle, in order to fund the maintenance of the royal family.
She supported the abolition of male primogeniture and single inheritance, which means that now the eldest child can inherit the throne, regardless of gender.
In 2012, the Queen of England celebrated her sixtieth anniversary of her reign with celebrations across the country, once again demonstrating the love of the British.
Queen Elizabeth II's clothing style
The style of the English queen can be conditionally divided into two periods: the style of the young queen is a conservative and elegant style, and the style of the elderly queen, I would call it the style of the "cheerful grandmother" or even the "rainbow style", because the incredible number of changing colors in her suits and hats ... However, the English queen always loved colors.
Throughout her life, the main elements of Queen Elizabeth II's wardrobe were: dresses or suits of medium length, necessarily covering the knee, coats and raincoats in a-line cut, plus floor-length dresses for special events, as well as hats, always in tune with the suit, gloves, closed shoes , a brooch on a jacket and a string of pearls. The Queen of England has also always preferred short haircuts. Favorite colors are pink, lilac and indigo.
Queen Elizabeth II arrives at the Odeon Cinema, October 31, 1955. (Photo: Monty Fresco / Getty Images)
Queen Elizabeth II becomes after the death of her father in February 1952, and her coronation took place on June 2, 1952. At that time, namely in the 1940s and 1950s, dresses for the princess, and then the queen, were sewn by Norman Hartnell. And Elizabeth more than once appeared in public in dresses with fluffy skirts made of duchess satin or silk. Her wedding dress in ivory and decorated with silver threads is also designed by Norman Hartnell, as well as the design of the coronation dress.
From the mid-1950s and throughout the 60s, Hardy Amis sews for the Queen. It is he who brings a sense of simplicity to the queen's outfits, but this simplicity is only external, because behind it is a very complex cut. He sewed his first dresses for the Queen back in 1948, when Elizabeth asked him to create a wardrobe for a trip to Canada.
Since the 1970s, Ian Thomas, a former assistant to Norman Hartnell, and now the owner of his own salon, sews for the Queen. His hallmark flying chiffon dresses appeared in the queen's wardrobe. After his death and until the late 1980s, Maureen Rose from the Ian Thomas design house sewed for Queen Elizabeth.
From the late 1980s to the mid-1990s, the Queen's wardrobe was replenished with outfits from John Anderson, because after his death his partner Karl Ludwig Reze became the Queen's court designer.
Since 2000, the youngest, in age, of Her Majesty's court designers, Stuart Parvin, a graduate of the Edinburgh College of Art, sews for Elizabeth II. In 2002, Angela Kelly becomes his assistant.
The Queen of England is 86 years old. But she still steadily fulfills all the duties assigned to her and appears in public, invariably following her style.
Queen Elizabeth II and Prince Philip, Duke of Edinburgh with their children, Prince Andrew (center), Princess Anne (left) and Charles, Prince of Wales near Balmoral Castle in Scotland. Queen Victoria's husband acquired Balmoral Castle in 1846. Queen Victoria often visited Scotland with her family, especially after the death of her husband in 1861, and to this day Balmoral is a favorite vacation spot for the royal family. (Photo by Keystone / Getty Images) September 9, 1960.
Hobby
Among the interests of the queen are dog breeding (among them corgi, spaniels and labradors), photography, horse riding, as well as travel. Elizabeth II, maintaining her prestige as the queen of the Commonwealth, travels very actively through her possessions, and also visits other countries of the world (for example, in 1994 she visited Russia). She has more than 325 foreign visits (during her reign, Elizabeth visited more than 130 countries). Since 2009, she began to engage in gardening. Besides English, he is also fluent in French
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Princesses Elizabeth and Margaret took pictures with penguins at the London Zoo. (Photo: Hulton Archive / Getty Images). Around 1938
Interesting Facts
Elizabeth II does not give interviews. Nevertheless, the press periodically flashes interesting facts about this extraordinary woman, which allow us to look at the most famous reigning person of our time from an unexpected side, we have chosen the brightest, in our opinion, moments.
The celebration of the royal birthday in 1981 was overshadowed by an unpleasant event: near the horse on which Elizabeth was sitting, receiving the parade, shots rang out, making everyone around her shudder. The queen, to the delight of the audience, did not even raise an eyebrow and managed to stay in the saddle.
Self-control came in handy for her a year later, when, while waiting for the police, for several minutes she had to talk with a madman who managed to get into the chambers.
In 1945, Elizabeth Alexandra Maria Windsor, the future Queen of England, served as a junior officer as a mechanic in the reserve battalion of the British army. It is obvious that the example of the "fighting" grandmother inspired the young princes William and Harry, who also did not evade military service.
Family values for Elizabeth II is not an empty phrase. For the sake of her son's happiness, she overstepped strict rules and blessed the second marriage of Prince Charles of Wales to socialite Camilla Parker-Bowles, despite the hype about this.
On April 17, 2013, the Queen for the second time in the history of her reign attended the funeral of a British politician: she said goodbye to Margaret Thatcher.
Despite her solid image, the queen is no stranger to female coquetry and small weaknesses. Slick paparazzi more than once caught the moment when she at social events, without being embarrassed by the crowd and her high position, publicly corrected her makeup. Etiquette is etiquette, and a real queen should look gorgeous!
The Queen's passion is horses and corgi dogs. In her youth, Elizabeth rode well, but now she pays more attention to charming red dogs, which thanks to her have become one of the symbols of the British monarchy.
Elizabeth II is the oldest English monarch in history and is the second longest in the throne of Great Britain. She is also the oldest female acting head of state.
The rose variety Rosa "Queen Elizabeth" was named in honor of Elizabeth II.
Films about Elizabeth II
In 2004, the film Churchill: The Hollywood Years - "Churchill Goes to War!" Was released, where Neve Campbell played the role of Elizabeth.
In 2006, the biographical film "The Queen" was released. The role of the queen was played by actress Helen Mirren. The film is a BAFTA winner in the Best Picture category. Actress Helen Mirren, who starred in the film, won Oscars, Golden Globes, BAFTAs, and the Volpi Cup at the Venice Film Festival for Best Actress. In addition, the film was nominated for an Oscar for Best Picture.
In 2009, Channel 4 produced the 5-episode fiction miniseries The Queen, directed by Edmund Coulthard, Patrick Reems. The Queen at different periods of her life was played by 5 actresses: Emilia Fox, Samantha Bond, Susan Jameson, Barbara Flynn, Diana Quick.
On July 27, 2012, the television broadcast of the opening ceremony of the Summer Olympic Games in London began with a video featuring James Bond (Daniel Craig) and the Queen (cameo). At the end of the video, they both jump with parachutes from a helicopter over the arena of the Olympic Stadium. On April 5, 2013, for this role, the Queen was awarded the BAFTA Award for Best Performance as a James Bond Girlfriend.
In architecture
The Queen Elizabeth Alley in the Esplanade Park in Singapore is named after the Queen.
The famous Big Ben, the symbol of London, has been officially called “Elizabeth's Tower” since September 2012.
The Duford Bridge, built in 1991, is also named after the Queen.
On August 1, 2013, the Elizabeth II Olympic Park was opened in London.
Lifetime monuments
Statue of Elizabeth II in Ottawa, Parliament Hill, Canada
Statue in Regina, Saskatchewan, erected in 2005
Statue in Great Windsor Park
Photo gallery
Princesses Elizabeth and Margaret Rose (1930-2002) with their parents at the Boy Scout Parade at Windsor Castle, Berkshire. (Photo: / Getty Images). 1932
King George and Queen Elizabeth with Princesses Elizabeth (center) and Margaret, as well as members of the royal family in full dress, on the balcony of Buckingham Palace after their coronation, May 12, 1937.
The Queen, Princesses Elizabeth and Margaret Rose and the Royal Archers, 1937
Princess Elizabeth with a pony in Windsor Park, Berkshire. Photo taken April 21, 1939
King George VI with his wife, Queen Elizabeth and children, Princess Elizabeth and Margaret at Royal Lodge, Windsor, April 11, 1942. (Photo: Lisa Sheridan / Studio Lisa / Getty Images)
Princess Elizabeth rides from Buckingham Palace in London to the Horse Guards parade wearing a military hat bearing the emblem of the Grenadier Guard. (Photo: Getty Images). June 12, 1947
Queen Elizabeth II attends a parade in Central London on June 7, 1952. (Photo: William Vanderson / Fox Photos / Getty Images)
Queen Elizabeth in Buckingham Palace Park. 1939 year
Princess Elizabeth, March 1945
With newborn Prince Charles, December 1948
Princess Elizabeth with her son Prince Charles. September 1950
Queen Elizabeth II en route to Westminster to preside over the Opening of Parliament following her accession to the throne, 4 November 1952
Princess Anne at the coronation of her mother
The Queen with her newborn son Prince Andrew. Buckingham Palace. March 1960
In 1960, the Queen had a second son, Prince Andrew, and in 1964, a third son, Prince Edward.
This summer, a long-awaited and extremely significant event for the British happened, exactly a month ago, on July 22, Prince William and Duchess of Cambridge Catherine had a son - Prince George Alexander Louis. The fate of people of "blue blood" has always been of interest to the public, and now the inhabitants of Great Britain and the whole world are trying to learn new facts about the life of the royal dynasty and predict what George Louis will be like in the future, how the "royal inheritance" will affect his life, especially, that the prince has every chance to lead the monarchy in the future, because George Louis is the third in line of applicants for the royal throne.
We were interested in old archival photographs, mainly of the first half of the last century, which depict the childhood years of Queen Elizabeth and Prince Charles. We bring to your attention a selection of these rare images.
(30 photos total)
1. Queen Elizabeth II of Great Britain (Queen Elizabeth II) was born on April 21, 1926 in London in the family of the Duke and Duchess of York.
2. A recently discovered photograph of the young family of the Duke of York. This relaxed photo was taken not by a professional royal photographer, but by ordinary tourists traveling in Scotland whose car suddenly broke down, prompting them to seek help by knocking on the door of a nearby house. They were opened by Elizabeth's parents with a newborn baby in their arms. They were so kind that they not only helped the travelers fix the car, but also happily took pictures for a memorable shot from Scotland.
3.1928, Elizabeth 2 years old. In a narrow circle of the family, the little heiress to the throne received the nickname Lilibet, because for a long time she could not learn to pronounce her full name correctly.
4.1929, Elizabeth with her father.
5. At birth, Elizabeth became the Duchess of York and was the third in the line of succession to the throne after her uncle Edward, Prince of Wales (future King Edward VIII) and father.
6. Because Prince Edward was young enough to be expected to marry and have children, Elizabeth was not initially considered a possible candidate for the throne.
7. Soon she had a younger sister, Margaret. King George VI often said about his daughters: "Lilibet is my pride, and Margaret is joy."
8. Princess Elizabeth's games for children.
9. Young Elizabeth with her parents.
10. 1932, Princess Elizabeth and Margaret Rose with their parents at the Boy Scout parade at Windsor Castle, Berkshire. (Photo: / Getty Images)
11. King George and Queen Elizabeth with Princesses Elizabeth (center) and Margaret, as well as members of the royal family in full uniform, on the balcony of Buckingham Palace after their coronation, May 12, 1937. (Photo: Getty Images). A year earlier, Prince Albert (George VI) became king, and 10-year-old Elizabeth became the heir to the throne and moved with her parents from Kensington to Buckingham Palace. At the same time, she remained in the role of "heir presumptive" ("prospective heir"), and if George VI had a son, he would have inherited the throne.
12. The Queen, Princess Elizabeth and Margaret Rose and the Royal Archers, 1937. (Photo: Fox Photos / Getty Images)
13. Princess Elizabeth with a pony in Windsor Park, Berkshire, April 1939. (Photo: Central Press / Getty Images). According to the recollections of the teacher Elizabeth, at the age of 12, the girl told her: "If I were not a queen, I would have lived in the village and would have got myself a lot of horses and dogs."
14. When Elizabeth was 13 years old, the Second began World War... In 1940, at the age of 14, she spoke on the radio for the first time, addressing children affected by the scourge of war. In 1943, Elizabeth appeared in public, making a visit to the regiment of guards grenadiers. In 1944 she became one of the five "state advisers" - persons entitled to perform the functions of the king in the event of his absence or incapacity. In 1945, the future queen joined the Auxiliary Territorial Service (women's self-defense squads), where she trained as an ambulance driver and received the rank of lieutenant.
15. Here Elizabeth is captured already as a young mother with her first child - Prince Charles. Prince Charles was born on November 14, 1948 at the residence of the royal family - at Buckingham Palace. In the photo, Queen Elizabeth II holds the prince in her arms after the baptismal ceremony, which took place on December 15. During the ceremony, the baby was dipped in water taken from the Jordan River.
16. The full name of the Prince of Wales was Charles Philip Arthur George. He became the first contender for the royal throne, born in violation of the age-old tradition: this time the Minister of Internal Affairs of the country did not have the honor of being present during the royal birth. The innovations that accompanied Charles' life, however, did not end there: he became the first crown prince who was sent to study at school (before him, young monarchs studied at home) and the first to receive a university degree.
17. The prince was brought up by a nanny, because my mother, according to Charles himself, was more "playing queen" ...
19. Royal family, August 1951. From left to right, Prince Charles, Queen Elizabeth, Princess Margaret, Duke of Edinburgh, King George and Princess Elizabeth (future Queen Elizabeth II), and little Princess Anne in a baby carriage. The following year, 1952, Princess Elizabeth became Queen of Great Britain.
20. Educators did not spoil the heir to the throne too much: for his offenses they simply ... flogged.
22. Elizabeth with little Charles and Anna. 26. At the age of 9, the prince was sent to the luxurious private school Hill House, where, according to tradition, blue-blooded pupils swept the yard and washed the floors. No exception was made for the king's son. In the photo, the prince introduces his mother to classmates and teachers.
27. By the way, little Charles did not like school very much, did not study well and somehow complained to a friend about his classmates who "beat him with pillows at night."
28. For a long time, Charles did not understand his exclusivity: once he heard prayers for the queen mother and for him as heir in church services, the prince said: "I would like them to pray for other boys too."
29. At the wedding of Princess Margaret, 1960.
30 September 1960, Queen Elizabeth II and Prince Philip, Duke of Edinburgh with their children, Prince Andrew (center), Princess Anne (left) and Charles, Prince of Wales near Balmoral Castle in Scotland. Queen Victoria's husband acquired Balmoral Castle in 1846. Queen Victoria often visited Scotland with her family, especially after the death of her husband in 1861, and to this day Balmoral is a favorite vacation spot for the royal family. (Photo by Keystone / Getty Images)
She is a woman of the 20th and 21st centuries, ruler of the British Commonwealth of Nations and 15 independent states, reigning queen from 1952 to the present day. Who is it? Of course, Elizabeth Alexandra Maria, who also bears the title as the longest reigning monarch in the history of Great Britain. What interesting facts are known about this unique and strong woman.
1. Queen's birthday
Elizabeth II celebrates her birthday twice: April 21 (born 1926) with her family, and at the beginning of June - officially.
2. When Elizabeth ascended the throne
In 1937, Elizabeth became a direct heir, after her father George VI of the Windsor dynasty was crowned. And on February 6, 1952, at the age of 25, she ascended the throne.
3. Education of the queen
During the war years, Elizabeth joined the women's self-defense squads, where she was trained as a driver mechanic. As strange as it may sound, the queen in her young years drove an ambulance and a truck. She later received a certificate as a water rescuer.
4. Who is the husband of Queen Elizabeth II
Elizabeth II's consort, Philip Mountbatten, is a Greek prince in exile and a senior lieutenant in the British Navy. Apart from this, he is also Elizabeth's fourth cousin. The couple first met when they were 8 and 13 years old. Thus, the age difference is 5 years. The wedding took place in 1947 when Elizabeth was 21 years old. We add that the parents of the future queen opposed marriage to Philip, since he did not have a fortune. It sounds ridiculous, but at that time Elizabeth was allocated as many as 200 additional coupons for sewing a wedding dress.
5. How many children does Elizabeth have
The Queen has four children: Prince Charles, Andrew, Edward and Princess Anne.Besides, the Queen is a grandmother with many children, great-grandmother and godmother: she has 30 godchildren and godchildren. Here's the lucky one.
6. What are the powers of Queen Elizabeth
Despite her high status, the queen reigns, but does not rule the country: she officially does not in any way affect foreign and domestic policy, but nevertheless, all decisions in the state are made on her behalf.
7. How much money does Queen Elizabeth II have
It is not customary to talk about the queen's property, but there are rumors that she is one of the richest people on earth. At the same time, the queen never carries money with her. Basically, why are they needed if you are the Queen. In addition, the queen does not have a passport, and so everyone will recognize her.
The Queen is also not required to disclose the status of her personal accounts. In addition, despite the fact that the royal collection of art is estimated at 10 billion pounds, this is not the personal fortune of the queen, like the palaces and castles in which the queen and her relatives live. All of this property is owned by the state or owned by the "Crown Estate" (an independent commercial enterprise that manages the royal real estate).
8. What awards does the Queen of Great Britain have?
9. What does the Queen of Great Britain ride on?
The royal fleet is enviable: Bentley, Rolls-Royce Daimler, Jaguar and Land Rover. In addition, Elizabeth is a first-class driver and easily controls the steering wheel of a car.
10. The queen's pets
The Queen is very fond of dogs. She gives particular preference to the corgi breed. Today there are about 30 corgi at the royal court. Elizabeth II also loves horses: despite her age, she constantly goes horseback riding.
11. Where does Queen Elizabeth II like to rest?
But Her Majesty likes to spend her holidays in the Scottish estate of Balmoral. When the queen is having breakfast, a piper walks around the castle and plays folk melodies.
12. Main residence of British monarchs
Buckingham Palace is the main residence of all British monarchs, in which to this day, Elizabeth II makes official meetings.
13. What the Queen of Great Britain likes to wear
Elizabeth II prefers only British designers, in her wardrobe there are bright outfits, and in black the queen can appear only during mourning. The monarch loves to wear handbags again by the British brand Launer London with short handles. But what is contained in the royal purse is a secret behind seven locks. The purse also serves for the queen and in order to give a signal to the servants: if Her Majesty is about to leave the meal, she puts the purse on the table.
And the main highlight of the royal image is the hat, how many of them are in the wardrobe of Elizabeth II, it is difficult to count. Rumor has it that more than 5 thousand.
In terms of footwear, these are Anello & Davide shoes with small heels with a rounded toe. The Queen is very careful about shoes and therefore tries to change shoes less often, and more often to put on heels. But new shoes for the royal personage are worn out by the so-called Cinderella, who has the same foot size as Elizabeth II.
And a few more interesting facts about Elizabeth II:
- no one except her husband has the right to touch the queen in public. History knows only 4 offenders who allowed themselves to do this: Michelle Obama, Canadian cyclist Louis Garneau and two Australian prime ministers, Paul Keating and John Howard;
- the queen never raises her voice, even if she is furious, and never gives interviews.
How long Elizabeth II will still rule is an open question, since the queen is not going to give up her throne in favor of her heirs, and considers her reign to be a matter of life, and for many Britons she is a “bastion of stability” of the state.
Childhood and family
Elizabeth II is Prince Albert's eldest daughter, born on April 21, 1926, at Mayfair Mansion on Brewton Street during the reign of George V, her grandfather. The full name of the monarch's person is Elizabeth Alexandra Maria, the girl received the name in honor of her mother, Elizabeth Bowes-Lyon. 
In 1936, after two decades of reign, King George, who loved his granddaughter very much, passed away. The throne passed to Edward VIII. In the name of love for the beautiful Wallis Simpson, a divorced American woman, he abdicated the throne. The story of Edward and Miss Simpson is considered one of the greatest love stories of the 20th century, and it was she who brought Elizabeth's father to the British throne, who was crowned in May 1937 as George VI.
The next contender for the throne was considered the brother of George VI Henry, but he gave up the role of heir to the throne in favor of Princess Elizabeth, who at that time was barely 11 years old.
As befits a princess, Elizabeth studied the humanities and exact sciences, but she paid special attention to law, including international law, and received a decent education without leaving the palace. The princess was proud of her excellent knowledge French which she studied on her own.
In 1940, Princess Elizabeth spoke on the radio for the first time: a thirteen-year-old girl from Buckingham Palace supported children who suffered from Nazi bombings. Princess Elizabeth's sincere words gave hope to the British people, and she won the sympathy of even some of the most critical of the crown.
In 1943, the princess officially took office as an advisor. Contrary to popular belief, Elizabeth did not do military service, but was in the women's self-defense squad, learned to drive an ambulance, thereby setting an example for women in Britain.
In 1947, on her birthday, Elizabeth again spoke on the radio, assuring the British people that her whole life would be devoted to Britain. In the same year, she was married to Philip, Prince of Denmark.
The gradually deteriorating health of his father and the unfavorable forecasts of doctors required the almost constant presence of the future queen during official receptions, meetings and negotiations. By the beginning of 1951, no one had any doubts that the count was going on for months, and unofficially, Elizabeth took up the duties of a monarch.
Coronation
The news of the death of George VI overtook the princess in Kenya, where she and her husband spent several days at the Tree Tops Hotel, located among the branches of a huge century-old tree. According to some reports, on February 7, 1952, a record appeared in the hotel guest registration book that for the first time in the history of civilization, a princess climbed a tree, but came down from it as a queen. 
The coronation of the young queen took place on June 2, 1953 in the ancient cathedral of Westminster Abbey. The ceremony was televised on national British television, which boosted the popularity of the new monarch. Millions of Britons literally froze in front of their televisions, trying not to miss the slightest detail of the most spectacular and beautiful event in British history.
Despite the fact that in the post-war years the economy had just begun a long period of recovery, a huge amount was allocated from the treasury for the festive decoration of the streets. The dress of snow-white satin for the coronation ceremony was made by the court tailor Norman Hartnell, it was embroidered with the national emblems of Britain and the Commonwealth countries - English roses, Canadian maple leaves and Irish clover, as well as other flowers that have symbolic meaning for Britain.
In a golden open ceremonial carriage drawn by eight gray horses, the queen and her husband proceeded to Westminster Abbey, where the solemn wedding service was held.
Governing body
In strict accordance with the existing tradition of the parliamentary monarchy, the queen performs functions that are exclusively representative in nature and has no right to influence the government of the country. After her coronation, Elizabeth II undertook a six-month tour of the British colonies, Commonwealth countries and many countries of the world. 
In the spring of 1956, the Queen received Nikita Khrushchev, who served as the first secretary of the Central Committee of the CPSU of the USSR, who arrived in Britain with the Chairman of the Council of Ministers Nikolai Bulganin. The first persons of the Soviet state presented memorable gifts to Elizabeth and family members, among which was a brooch with a sapphire shade "royal blue" surrounded by diamonds, as well as a painting by Ivan Aivazovsky and a sable cape.
During her reign, the Queen met with politicians, business leaders, scientists and cultural figures. Among the celebrities who have been honored to visit Buckingham Palace over the years were Elizabeth Taylor, Yuri Gagarin and The Beatles, as well as presidents of different states.
In 1994, Elizabeth visited Moscow and St. Petersburg, and in 2003 hosted a reception in honor of President Vladimir Putin.
Fearing that the reputation of the British royal house would be damaged by rumors that overgrown the unhappy marriage of Elizabeth's son Prince Charles and Lady Diana Spencer, and also concerned about the happiness of her son, the Queen insisted on a divorce, the procedure of which began in 1996. Some part of British society did not approve of the queen's act, but later the British were forced to admit her rightness.
Elizabeth II was repeatedly called the queen of human hearts in the media. The humanity and kindness of this woman, who remains true to her oath, which she took back in 1953, is the key to her popularity among the people.
Personal life of Elizabeth II
In his youth, Prince Philip, the grandson of the King of Greece, a tall, slender blond, was distinguished by amazing beauty. At a tea party in Dartmoor in 1937, the young man did not immediately notice the thirteen-year-old girl, who did not take her enthusiastic eyes off him. After the reception ended, this girl, Princess Elizabeth, locked herself in her room and wrote a letter to the handsome prince. 
The friendship that began with the correspondence grew into love. King George did not approve of his daughter's choice: it is known that he did not like the friendship of Philip's father, Prince Andrew of Greece, with Adolf Hitler. In addition, the prince was poor, and apart from the title, blue blood and tender love for Elizabeth, he had nothing.
In early 1940, Elizabeth and Philip became engaged in secret, and the king had to give in and allow the marriage, which was destined to be one of the happiest and longest marriages in modern history... The relationship between Queen Elizabeth and Duke Philip is considered standard, but few people think that for the sake of his queen, Philip gave up the royal title and replaced Orthodox faith, in which he was baptized, to Catholicism.
In 1948, Elizabeth gave birth to her first child, Prince Charles. The second child was Princess Anna, who was born 2 years later. The third child of the royal family, Prince Andrew, was born in 1960, and the fourth, Prince Edward, in 1964.
From her youth, the queen's main hobbies are horse riding and dog breeding; she has a special love for the corgi breed, which is considered the royal dog throughout Europe.
Queen Elizabeth II now
In 2018, the Queen turned 92 years old, 65 of which she was a monarch. There are regular headlines in the media about the Queen's failing health; in 2017, she missed Christmas services for the first time, citing a cold. 
As the head of the Windsor dynasty, the Queen remembers the sad events associated with the marriage of Prince Charles to an unloved girl, and, according to her, is personally responsible for the well-being of her family members. That is why she did not give permission for the wedding of Prince Harry Ivar Mountbatten and James Coyle for so long.
Despite her age, Elizabeth continues to fulfill her duties and represent the interests of Britain in different countries the world. Defending the right to her own opinion, in 2017 she openly condemned the inappropriate behavior of Mr. Trump, as well as the militant policies of Kim Jong-un, and in 2018 expressed the hope that she will wait until the time when Russia will be ruled not by Mr. Putin, but by another man who did not lose touch with reality.
As it is enshrined in the traditions of the constitutional monarchy, the queen should not interfere in politics, but the authority of Elizabeth II and her long reign allowed her to influence the course of events in a certain way. Queen Elizabeth II is the most powerful woman in the world, but, as many researchers note, has never used her influence for personal gain.
June 12, 2012, 19:41Family and ancestors of Queen Elizabeth II of Great Britain and her spouse, Duke Philip of Edinburgh. Victoria(English Victoria, baptismal names Alexandrina Victoria - English Alexandrina Victoria) (May 24, 1819 - January 22, 1901) - Queen of the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland from June 20, 1837, Empress of India from May 1, 1876 (proclamation in India - January 1 1877), the last representative of the Hanoverian dynasty to the throne of Great Britain. Victoria has been on the throne for over 63 years - more than any other British monarch. Victoria's father was Edward Augustus, Duke of Kent, the fourth son of King George III, the mother of the future queen was Princess Victoria of Saxe-Coburg, Dowager Princess of Leiningen (1786 - March 16, 1861), who already had two children from her first marriage. Victoria's father, Duke of Kent, died when her daughter was eight months old. She was brought up under the guidance of the Duchess of Northumberland; got a good knowledge of botany and music. Victoria was from February 10, 1840 married to her cousin, Duke Albert of Saxe-Coburg-Gotha (August 26, 1819 - December 14, 1861), to whom she was given the title of Prince Consort in 1857. Victoria and Albert had 9 children, through her children and grandchildren Victoria became the "Grandmother of Europe", her descendants - Windsors, the kings of Great Britain, as well as the Hohenzollerns (Kaiser Wilhelm II is her grandson), the Spanish Bourbons and the Romanovs. One of Queen Victoria's 9 children Alice Grand Duchess of Hesse and Rhine(April 25, 1843 - December 14, 1878), married Prince (later Grand Duke) Ludwig of Hesse. Mother of Alexandra Feodorovna, wife of Nicholas II. In July 1862, Princess Alice married Prince Ludwig of Hesse (12 September 1837 - 13 March 1892), who later became Duke of Hesse and the Rhine. The family, in which 7 children were born, lived in the capital of the duchy, the city of Darmstadt. One of 7 children of Alice, Grand Duchess of Hesse and Rhine, Victoria(April 5, 1863 - September 24, 1950) married Ludwig Battenberg (Mountbatten), grandmother of Philip of Edinburgh, husband of Elizabeth II; Victoria was born at Windsor Palace in the presence of her grandmother Queen Victoria. She was the firstborn in the family of Princess Alice of Great Britain and Ludwig IV of Hesse. At one of the family meetings, Victoria met her distant relative, the German prince Ludwig Battenberg (1854-1921), the son of Alexander of Hesse-Darmstadt. The couple lived in different parts of Europe depending on Ludwig's place of service. One of Victoria's 4 children Princess Alice Battenberg(1885-1969), married to Andrew, Prince of Greece; from this marriage, Prince Philip of Greece was born, in 1947 he married the future Queen Elizabeth II and during this marriage took his mother's surname (Mountbatten). Her Serene Highness Princess Victoria Alice Elizabeth Julia Maria Battenberg - mother of Prince Philip and mother-in-law of Queen Elizabeth II of England was born in Berkshire, England on February 25, 1885 in the family of Prince Ludwig Alexander Battenberg and his wife, Princess Victoria of Hesse-Darmstadt. Her mother was the granddaughter of Queen Victoria of England and sister of the last Russian Empress Alexandra Feodorovna and Grand Duchess Elizabeth Feodorovna. Alice met her future husband at the coronation of King Edward VII. Her chosen one was the Greek Prince Andrew, the son of King George I of Greece and Queen Olga of Greece, nee Grand Duchess. Andrew was the grandson of King Christian IX of Denmark and great-grandson Russian emperor Nicholas I. They were married on October 6, 1903. The wedding was attended by many descendants of Queen Victoria and King Christian IX of Denmark. The family had five children: Margarita (1905-1981) - the first great-great-granddaughter Queen Victoria, married to Gottfried, Prince of Hohenlohe-Langenburg. Theodora (1906-1969) - wife of the Baden prince Berthold. Cecilia (1911-1937) - married the Crown Prince of Hesse and Rhine Geograd Donaus, died with her husband and children. Sofia (1914-2001) - in her first marriage, married to Christopher of Hesse, in the second to Georg Wilhelm of Hanover. Philip (1921) - consort of Queen Elizabeth II of Great Britain. 
Prince Philip was the fifth child and only son of Prince Andrew, son of King George I of Greece and brother of King Constantine, who reigned at that time, and at birth had the title of Prince of Greece and Denmark. Prince Andrew belonged to the Danish house of Glucksburgs that reigned in Greece, his wife and Philip's mother Princess Alice belonged to the Battenberg family. Philip is the great-grandson of King Christian IX of Denmark, the great-great-grandson of Queen Victoria of England and Russian Emperor Nicholas I. Maria Tekskaya- wife of British King George V, mother of Edward VIII and George VI. Queen Mary was also Empress of India and Queen of Ireland. Mary was born and raised in England. Her father was a prince from the morganatic branch of the Württemberg house of the Dukes of Teck, her mother was a member of the British royal family, the granddaughter of King George III. On July 6, 1893, Princess Mary of Teck married the prince George V.
George V the second son of the Prince and Princess of Wales (later Edward VII and Queen Alexandra) was born on June 3, 1865 at Marlborough House (London). At baptism he received the name Georg Friedrich Ernst Albert. His father is Edward VII, his mother is Alexandra Datskaya. She is the sister of Maria Fedorovna - the wife of the Russian emperor Alexander III and the mother of the last Russian emperor Nicholas II. George V was outwardly very similar to Nicholas II, his maternal cousin: the mother of George Alexander and the mother of Nicholas Dagmar were daughters of King Christian IX of Denmark and Queen Louise, née Princess of Hesse-Kassel. On January 14, 1892, during a flu epidemic, his elder brother Albert Victor died suddenly. The death of his brother made George the second in the line of succession. In May 1892, Queen Victoria conferred the title of Duke of York on her grandson. In July 1893, he married the Baden-Württemberg princess Victoria Maria of Teck, who had previously been engaged to his older brother. After the death of Queen Victoria in 1901, the couple received the title of Princes of Wales. In 1910, Mary's husband became king and she received the title of Queen of Great Britain and Ireland, Empress of India. At the end of World War I on July 17, 1917, George V renounced all German titles and titles for himself and his family, as well as his family name, adopting the surname "Windsor" after the name of Windsor Castle. After George's death in 1936, their eldest son Edward became king. But less than ten months later, he abdicated to marry an American woman, Wallis Simpson. Mary's second son became king George VI... Queen Mary strongly supported her son, who suffered from stuttering until his death in 1952. Mary died the following year, at the beginning of the reign of her granddaughter Elizabeth II. Georg VI- King of the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland, Canada, Australia and South Africa from December 11, 1936. From the Windsor dynasty. Second son of King George V and his consort, Queen Mary. Albert had four brothers: the future King Edward VIII (1894-1972), Henry, Duke of Gloucester (1900-1974), George, Duke of Kent (1902-1942), Prince John (1905-1919), who suffered from epilepsy and autism, and Sister Mary (1897-1965), married Countess of Harwood. By nature, Albert was a modest and shy person, moreover, he suffered from severe stuttering. In June 1920 he became Duke of York, on April 26, 1923 he married a lady Elizabeth Bowes-Lyon, daughter of the 14th Earl of Strathmore. Lady Elizabeth Bowes-Lyon; August 4, 1900 - March 30, 2002 - wife of King George VI and Queen Consort of the United Kingdom in 1936-1952 as Queen Elizabeth, the last empress of India (1936-1950), Lord Guardian of the Five Havens (1978-2002). Mother of the now reigning Queen Elizabeth II. Georg VI met her back in 1905 (5-year-old Elizabeth treated 10-year-old Albert with candied cherries from a cake). Prince Albert, Duke of York (in the family - "Bertie") he first proposed to Elizabeth to marry him in 1921, but she refused, "fearing that she would never again be able to think, speak and act freely, not like I feel, but as it should. " When he announced that he would not marry anyone else, his mother, Queen Mary, visited Glamis and made sure that Elizabeth was “the only girl who could make Bertie happy,” but did not interfere. At the time, Elizabeth was also courted by James Stewart, Albert's groom, until he left for America. In February 1922, Elizabeth was the bride's friend at the wedding of Albert's sister, Princess Mary, Viscountess Lassells. The following month, Albert again proposed to marry and was again refused. Finally, in January 1923, Elizabeth agreed to marry, despite fears about living with the royal family. They were married on April 26, 1923 at Westminster Abbey. The family had two children - April 21, 1926 princess Elizabeth Alexandra (future Queen Elizabeth II),and on August 21, 1930, Princess Margaret Rose.
Elizabeth II(English Elisabeth II, full name - Elizabeth Alexandra Mary, Elisabeth Alexandra Mary; April 21, 1926, London) - Queen reigning of Great Britain. Comes from the Windsor dynasty. She ascended the throne on February 6, 1952 at the age of 25 after the death of her father, King George VI. He is the oldest British (English) monarch in history. Currently ranked second in history for the length of time on the British throne (after Queen Victoria). Queen Elizabeth II has four children, eight grandchildren and two great-grandchildren. In 1930, Elizabeth's only sister was born - princess margaret.
Princess margaret Born August 21, 1930 at Glamis Castle, Scotland. She was the youngest daughter of George VI and Elizabeth Bowes-Lyon. On May 6, 1960, she married Anthony Armstrong-Jones, a photographer, a descendant of a small Welsh noble family, who received the title of Earl of Snowdon and Viscount Linley. From this marriage two children are born: David Armstrong-Jones, Viscount Linley, born November 3, 1961, Lady Sarah Armstrong-Jones, born May 1, 1964. In 1978, the Earl and Countess of Snowdon divorced, but in 2002 Margaret dies of apoplectic stroke. During his college years, Prince Philip met his fourth cousins, Princess Elizabeth and Margaret, who attended college with King George VI. After that, a correspondence began between Philip and Elizabeth, and in 1946 Philip asked the king for permission to marry the heiress to the throne. In 1947, 21-year-old Elizabeth married 26-year-old Philip Mountbatten, a British naval officer, member of the Greek and Danish royal families and great-great-grandson of Queen Victoria. Philip and Elizabeth have four children: Charles, Prince of Wales (born 1948), Princess Anne (born 1950), Prince Andrew, Duke of York (born 1960) and Prince Edward, Earl of Wessex (born 1964). Charles, Prince of Wales(English Charles, Prince of Wales), or simply Prince Charles is the eldest son of Queen Elizabeth II of Great Britain and her husband Prince Philip, Duke of Edinburgh, heir to the British throne. It is known that in the 1970s, Charles courted many girls. In 1979, he proposed to his second cousin Amanda Natchbull, the granddaughter of the legendary commander, the last Viceroy of India, Louis Mountbatten, but Amanda did not give her consent to the marriage. In 1980, Charles met with Lady Sarah Spencer, daughter of the aristocrat John Spencer - Viscount Elthorp and the future 8th Earl Spencer, a representative of the branch of the same Spencer-Churchill family as the Duke of Marlborough and Winston Churchill. Charles met her younger sister Diana, whom he eventually married on July 29, 1981. Her paternal ancestors were the bearers of royal blood through the illegitimate sons of King Charles II and the illegitimate daughter of his brother and successor, King James II. Earls Spencer have long lived in the heart of London, in Spencer House. 
However, the marriage was unsuccessful. Relations between the spouses soon soured, and since 1992 they officially lived separately, and in 1996 they divorced. The scandal attracted significant public attention, it did not affect the reputation of the Prince of Wales in the best way. Diana died in a car accident in Paris in 1997. Charles and Diana had two sons: Prince William, now Duke of Cambridge (b.21 June 1982) and prince harry(Henry) (b. 15 September 1984). Prince William Arthur Philip Louis, Duke of Cambridge (English Prince William of the United Kingdom, Duke of Cambridge, born William Arthur Philip Louis; born June 21, 1982) - Duke of Cambridge, Earl of Strathherne and Baron Carrickfergus, eldest son of Prince Charles of Wales and his first wife, Princess Diana, grandson of Queen Elizabeth II of Great Britain. As a member of the royal family, he has his own coat of arms, based on the state coat of arms of Great Britain. On November 16, 2010, Clarence House announced the engagement of Prince William and his longtime girlfriend Kate Middleton... The wedding of Prince William and Kate Middleton took place on April 29, 2011 at London's St Peter's Cathedral in Westminster Abbey. Prince Henry (Harry) of Wales(English Prince Henry (Harry) of Wales, full name Henry Charles Albert David Mountbatten-Windsor is the youngest son of Prince of Wales Charles and his first wife, the late Princess Diana, grandson of Queen Elizabeth II of Great Britain. 
As a member of the royal family, on his eighteenth birthday he was awarded a personal coat of arms based on the coat of arms of the monarch of the United Kingdom, as well as the Queen Elizabeth II Golden Jubilee Medal (2002), the Afghanistan Military Campaign Medal (2008), the Diamond Medal anniversary of Queen Elizabeth II (2012). One of the most eligible bachelors on the planet. On April 9, 2005, Prince Charles married a second time - to his longtime girlfriend, with whom he maintained a relationship both before marriage and during it - Camille Parker Bowles from a noble family, daughter of Bruce Shand, mother - nee Cubitt. The wedding ceremony took place in a civil rather than an ecclesiastical order - for the first time in the history of the British royal family. Through her marriage to Charles, Camilla received all of his titles, but prefers not to use her title of Princess of Wales as a sign of respect for the late Princess Diana. She uses the title of Duchess of Cornwall instead. Princess Anne- a member of the British royal family, the only daughter of Queen Elizabeth II. 
The princess is known for her charitable work and as the only member of the British royal family to compete in the Olympics. She lived with her first husband, Captain Mark Phillips (born 1948), for 18.5 years. 
From this marriage - two children: Peter Phillips(1977) and Zara Phillips(1981). After a divorce from Phillips, she entered into a second marriage - with Commander (now Vice Admiral) Timothy Lawrence. As a member of the royal family, he has a personal coat of arms based on the national coat of arms of Great Britain. Zara Anna Elizabeth Phillips(eng. Zara Anne Elizabeth Phillips; born May 15, 1981, Paddington, London) is a member of the British royal family, the second child and only daughter of Princess Anne and her first husband, Captain Mark Phillips, and thirteenth in the line of succession to the throne. She is married to the captain of the England national rugby team Mike Tyndall, but retained her maiden name. Zara graduated from a privileged private school in Gordstone, Scotland. During her studies, she represented her school in ice hockey, track and field athletics and gymnastics competitions. She later graduated from the University of Exeter with a degree in equine physiotherapist. Peter married 31-year-old Canadian Autumn Kelly. On December 29, 2010, her first granddaughter was born - Savannah Phillips, daughter of Peter Phillips, and, accordingly, the first great-granddaughter of Queen Elizabeth II. 
Prince Andrew, Duke of York- British prince, rear admiral. Third child and second son of Queen Elizabeth II of Great Britain. The title of Duke of York was granted to him on July 23, 1986 - on the day of his marriage to Sarah, Duchess of York... The Duke of York and Sarah, Duchess of York (from whom he has been divorced since May 30, 1996) have two children: Princess Beatrice of York(born August 8, 1988) and princess Evgeniya(Eugenia) York (born March 23, 1990). Princess Beatrice Elizabeth Mary of York(English Princess Beatrice Elizabeth Mary of York; born August 8, 1988) is a member of the British royal family. Eldest daughter of Andrew, Duke of York, second son of the now reigning Queen Elizabeth II, and Sarah, Duchess of York. She received her primary education at the Upton House School in Windsor, after which Beatrice, like her younger sister, Princess Eugenie of York, studied at Coworth Park School. At the age of 19, the British princess took a job as a saleswoman at the famous Selfridges department store in London. Her responsibilities included serving VIP clients. During the month, Beatrice worked five days a week from nine in the morning to five in the evening. The Queen's granddaughter did not receive money for her work - this became her work experience, which is supposed to be acquired by all members of the royal family. In 2007, the extravagant princess starred in Martin Scorsese's The Young Victoria, a historical melodrama about Queen Victoria. And although Beatrice is a direct descendant of Victoria, her role in the film turned out to be quite insignificant, she did not even have to say a couple of words in the frame, playing one of the ladies-in-waiting. Princess Eugenie Victoria Helena of York(English Princess Eugenie Victoria Helena of York, born March 23, 1990) is a member of the British royal family. She is the youngest daughter of Andrew, Duke of York, and Sarah, Duchess of York. She is also the sixth and second woman in the line of succession to the throne of sixteen Commonwealth states after her older sister, Beatrice. 
She and her sister are the only granddaughters of the Queen to be elevated to the title of Princess and Her Royal Highness. Prince Edward (Edward), Earl of Wessex- a member of the British royal family, the third son and the most youngest child Queen Elizabeth II of Great Britain and her consort Prince Philip, Duke of Edinburgh. He is 7th in the line of succession to the British throne, after his older brothers and their children. On June 19, 1999, Prince Edward married an employee of his firm Sophie Rhys-Jones... In a departure from tradition, their wedding took place not at Westminster Abbey, but at St George's Chapel at Windsor Castle. On his wedding day, Prince Edward was granted the title of Earl of Wessex. His consort became Her Royal Highness the Countess of Wessex. 
At the time of the wedding, it was also announced by Buckingham Palace that the children of Prince Edward would be treated as children of an earl, would not receive the titles of princes / princesses, and would not be called royal highnesses. In the family of Edward and Sophie, two children were born: a daughter Louise(Louise Alice Elizabeth Mary, b. 8 November 2003) - "Lady Louise Windsor" (Windsor is the surname of the descendants of members of the royal family who do not have personal titles) and son James(James Alexander Philip Theo, b. December 17, 2007) - "James, Viscount Severn" (Viscount Severn is the "additional title" of the Earl of Wessex; traditionally the eldest son of the bearer of the main title enjoys an additional title). Lady Louise Mountbatten-Windsor(born November 8, 2003, Frimley, Surrey) - daughter of Prince Edward, Earl of Wessex, and Sophia, Countess of Wessex, the eldest of two children. Granddaughter of Queen Elizabeth II, ninth successor to the British throne. Prior to birth on December 17, 2007, her younger brother James ranked eighth. In April 2011, 7-year-old Lady Louise attended the wedding of her cousin, the Duke of Cambridge, as bridesmaid Catherine Middleton (bridesmaid). James Windsor, Viscount Severn- second child and only son youngest son Queen Elizabeth II Prince Edward, Earl of Wessex and his wife Sophia Rhys-Jones. It is the eighth in the line of succession to the British throne. 
On April 19, 2008, the baptism of Viscount Severn took place in the home church of Windsor Castle. James' baptismal shirt was copied from that of Empress Victoria of Germany. Like his older sister Lady Louise Windsor, James does not actually hold the titles of Prince and Royal Highness, which he is entitled to under the 1917 law.
