Nicholas 2 rus coins. The last coins of the last king. Design of copper coins of Nicholas II
Nicholas II ruled for 23 years (1894-1917), turn of XIX and XX centuries., and was the last king of the Russian Empire. During the years of his reign, the country underwent significant transformations, embarked on the path of industrialization and a new round of economic development. All this required modernization. monetary system, the consequence of which was the Witte monetary reform, initiated at the very beginning of the reign of the emperor. As a result, for over 2 decades, Russia has issued numerous coins containing gold, silver and copper.
Among the traditional rubles made of gold and silver, and kopecks made of silver and copper, at this time jubilee, commemorative coins were also issued, an unsuccessful attempt was made to replace rubles with "Rus", and regional Finnish stamps and pennies were issued. In 1916, in the occupied Russian lands, Germany issued 1, 2, 3 and a penny for circulation. However, these coins are also referred to as coins of the era of Nicholas II.
The reign of Nicholas II: era and personality
Copper coins were bargaining chips and formed the basis of monetary relations of the common people living on the territory of the vast Russian Empire.
The era of the reign of the last emperor of the Russian Empire, Nicholas II (1895-1917), is interesting to both historians and numismatists. During this period, a turning point for the country occurs, to a large extent affecting all spheres without exception - the economy, society and even the state system.
Speaking about this time, a few words should be said about the personality of the sovereign. Nicholas II - the eldest son of the emperor Alexander III and Empress Maria Feodorovna, was born on May 18, 1868 (ascended the throne in 1895). From birth, the future emperor bore the title "His Imperial Highness Grand Duke Nikolai Alexandrovich ".
But despite the highest title, contemporaries of Nicholas II saw in him an agreeable person in communication, possessing natural dignity and always treating ordinary people kindly. Although he received an elite education and rose to the rank of colonel, many noted his indecision in making urgent decisions and even political uncertainty. Indirectly, this turned part of the people against him as a result of the defeat in the Russo-Japanese War, the 1905 revolution and after the failures in the First World War, which led to the overthrow of the tsar himself in 1917.
Moscow, early XX century
Regardless of the assessment of the personality of Nicholas II, under him, the Russian Empire experienced an obvious economic upsurge. So, during his reign, the population of the empire grew by almost 50 million people (40% more than the previous period). Thanks to the active development of agriculture, and more thought-out and new communication routes, the “hunger years” due to crop failure at the beginning of the twentieth century were completely eliminated.
At the turn of the XIX and XX centuries. the industry is also developing. During the entire period of the reign of Nicholas II, coal production increased by 4 times, the volume of pig iron smelting increased by the same amount, and copper mining by 5 times. The number of workers employed in this area is also growing - from 2 million to 5 million.
Finally, during the entire reign of the latter Russian emperor the treasury increases significantly. At the beginning of the reign of Nicholas II (1895), it amounted to 1.2 billion rubles, when by the end of this period (1916) - 3.5 rubles.
In front of the watch shop "Kalashnikov and Son", early 20th century, Moscow
Despite the obvious economic successes of the period described, the First World War began in 1914, which only exacerbated internal political tension. Failures in the war lead to the 1917 uprising in Petrograd, as a result of which the tsar voluntarily abdicates the throne on March 2. Along with this, a completely new page in the history of Russia begins.
Monetary reform Yu.V. Witte and the transition to the gold standard
S.Yu. Witte - Minister of Finance, and since 1903 - Chairman of the Cabinet of Ministers, was one of the most talented political figures of this period. The Witte reform, named after him and carried out in several stages in 1895-1897, provided for the introduction of 100% gold backing of the overwhelming mass of banknotes in circulation and their free exchange for gold (the so-called "policy of monometallism").
First of all, in 1895, gold coins of a new standard were introduced: a 5-ruble gold coin (semi-imperial) was valued at 7 rubles. 50 kopecks, and 10-ruble (imperial) - 15 rubles, i.e. the ruble has actually become devalued by 1/3. At the same time, a free exchange of banknotes was introduced, which, along with banknotes, were issued into circulation, for gold. In the amount not exceeding 600 million rubles, credit tickets were backed by gold at least 50%, and over this amount - by 100%.
The Witte reform was distinguished by its progressive significance: with the transition to the gold standard, a fairly stable monetary system was created, contributing to the development of industry and trade in the country.
As a result of Witte's monetary reform, the structure of the country's monetary circulation changed, and Russia until 1914 received a stable currency backed by gold. If in 1895 banknotes accounted for 91.7% of the total money supply, then by January 1914 in the total money supply, gold accounted for 21.2%, silver - 5.4%, and banknotes - 73.4%.
However, the requirement for 100% gold coverage for the issue of credit notes limited the issuing activities of the State Bank, which made the monetary system dependent on many factors. For example, dependence on raw materials for the production of coins from various metals was a significant problem during the First World War. Actually, with the outbreak of the First World War in 1914, the exchange of money for gold was discontinued.
Types of coins issued under Nicholas II
Under Nicholas II, a huge number of coins were issued, both in number and in the types presented. All coins of the period of interest can be roughly divided into 6 categories. These are gold, silver and copper coins, trial series of coins, as well as commemorative or donative coins issued for special occasions, and regional coins issued for circulation in certain parts of the Russian Empire.
The coins of Nicholas II have been studied very well and are presented in many textbook reference books and works. Of greatest interest are such works as the corpus of coins of the Grand Duke Georgy Mikhailovich ( Last year editions of 1914, but here you can find complete information on the coins of the period of interest); the voluminous work of V.V. Uzdechnikov "Coins of Russia. 1700-1917", as well as detailed reference materials presented in the work of V.V. Bitkin "Consolidated catalog of Russian coins" (in particular, volume 2). In the last work, you can find the most detailed information about the circulation, the years of issue of all coins. The most up-to-date price comparison is provided by the annual numismatic catalogs issued by the auctions Conros, Wolmar and many others. others.
Trial coins
At the very beginning of his reign, Nicholas II, who was not distinguished by his reformatory nature, nevertheless tried to introduce new money into circulation instead of rubles, called "rus", and which, according to the idea, were to gradually replace rubles. Have been minted trial versions denominations of 5, 15 and 10 rus (a total of five sets of three coins each). But the emperor, for some unknown reason, did not approve of the new money, and their mass issue did not take place.
In the early years of the introduction of Witte's monetary reform, experimental types of gold and silver coins of traditional denominations were also minted, but with a modified design in respect of some details. The circulation of such coins was limited, they were not released into mass circulation, and their current price, in view of these circumstances, is much higher than ordinary kopecks and rubles.
Throughout the reign of Nicholas II, various experimental issues of coins were issued, but a series of nickel coins of small denominations of 1, 1/2 and 1/4 kopecks in 1897-98 deserves special attention. (mirror image), and coins from 25 kopecks and less, issued in 1911 and 1916. Nickel, of course, was cheaper than copper and silver, but the introduction of such money under tsarist Russia was not carried out, but already took place in the Soviet Union.
Golden coins
In connection with the transition to the gold standard, millions of gold coins were issued into mass circulation, issued from 1897 to 1911. After the revolution, the Soviet government also issued Tsarist gold coins and used them for international settlements.
Among the gold coins of Nicholas II, so-called. "imperials" (10 rubles) and "semi-imperials" (5 rubles). Such money was issued for only three years in the period 1895-1897. They always had the inscription "imperial", 125 pieces (10 rubles) and, accordingly, 36 pieces were produced every year.
Their weight corresponded to Aleksandrov's standards, while the rest had a "lightweight" version. So, if before the beginning of the reign of Nicholas II, the weight of a coin in denomination of 10 rubles (the so-called "stop") was 12.9 grams, when after - 8.6 grams. Imperials are often confused with lightweight 5 and 10 ruble coins, which are not so rare. In 1897, coins of two unusual denominations were also issued - a gold coin of 15 rubles, and 7.5 rubles.
Silver coins
Despite the fact that during this period the main emphasis was on issuing money from gold, silver coins were also issued in large quantities throughout the entire period of the reign of Nicholas II. They formed the basis of the monetary system of the Russian Empire, were convenient in calculations, and were issued in multi-million copies.
For three years (1896-1898), three courtyards produced silver bank coins for an incredible amount - about 140 million rubles (several times more than in all the previous 50 years). In the twentieth century, silver coins were also printed in large volumes, but in smaller editions.
Conventionally, the silver coins of Nicholas II can be divided into two groups - the first contain 9 parts of silver and 1 part (i.e. 10%) of copper. These are coins of three denominations - 1 ruble, 50 and 25 kopecks; coins in denominations of 20, 15, 10 and 5 kopecks were only half of silver.
Copper coins
Copper coins during the reign of Nicholas II formed the basis of the country's monetary relations, and it was they that were used for most of the small settlement operations. Annually issued by the St. Petersburg Mint in multi-million editions up to 1917 in such denominations as 5 kopecks, 3 kopecks, 2 kopecks, 1 kopeck, 1/2 kopeck and 1/4 kopeck, according to the model established from the middle of the 19th century.
Due to their frequent occurrence, they are not of particular interest to many collectors, although there are real rarities here too. These include 5 kopecks and 3 kopecks as well as 1/2 kopeck and 1/4 kopeck in 1894 and 1917. (years before the coronation of Nicholas II, and in the last year of his reign).
Commemorative and donative coins
These coins were minted in honor of memorable dates and important historical events, and most fully reflect the spirit of the era of interest. Produced in gold and silver. Among gold coins, the coins of 25 rubles and 37.5 rubles (100 francs) deserve special attention.
100 francs is a very rare coin. It was issued in 1902, and is equal in weight to a coin of 25 rubles - 32.26 grams. The denomination of the coin is 100 francs. In terms of the then exchange rate in Russian currency - 37.5 rubles.
25 rubles. There are known coins of this denomination, issued in two years - 1896 and 1908. 25 rubles in 1896 was minted in gold for the coronation of Emperor Nicholas. The mintage of the coin is only 301 copies. In 1908, on the occasion of the fortieth anniversary of the emperor, a small circulation of 25 rubles was also issued. Gift coins, already in the year of their issue, were considered very valuable, since they served as a sign of special attention from the sovereign.
Silver donative coins were often issued under Nicholas II in many thousands of copies, and each time for a certain memorable occasion. The ruble of 1896, minted in honor of the coronation of the tsar, was presented to everyone present, and the circulation was 190 thousand copies. The ruble of 1898 was made in honor of the opening of the monument to Alexander II in St. Petersburg. On one side there is a portrait of Alexander III, on the other - a monument to Alexander II.
Ruble of 1912 in honor of the erection of a monument near the Cathedral of Christ the Savior to the great Tsar Alexander 3. Another silver ruble of 1912 marked the centenary of the victory over Napoleon's troops. 40 thousand coins were issued with the inscription: "This glorious year has passed, but the deeds done in it will not pass." The 1913 silver ruble was issued in honor of the three hundredth anniversary of the Romanov dynasty. And finally, the so-called Gangut ruble - the last jubilee coin of tsarist Russia, was issued in honor of the victory in the battle of Gangut, which took place in 1714.
Regional releases
These coins can be considered the most unusual, because their design reflects the essence of relations between Russia and other countries. In this respect, Finnish stamps and penalties can be considered the most prominent example. Finland at that time was part of the Russian Empire, which issued money for circulation exclusively in this region of the Russian Empire.
Under Nicholas II, stamps and pennies were issued almost annually, while maintaining the design developed under Alexander II. Only the monogram on the reverse of the penny has changed (the initials of the new monarch appeared, spelled out in Latin - N II). The reverse of the stamps was decorated with an eagle of the Russian coat of arms, on the chest of which the coat of arms of the Finnish principality was inscribed and an inscription in two words at the bottom, separated by an asterisk: "Finland * Suomi". Penalties were issued in the following denominations - 1,5,10, 25 and 50, stamps - 1, 10 and, respectively, 20. At the then exchange rate, 1 ruble was equal to 4 Finnish marks.
Bonds of German occupation, another unusual regional issue of coins, the actual issue of which was the German government. Bonds of 1916 were minted in Germany and put into circulation on the territory of Russia occupied by German troops in the First World War (Poland, the Baltic States, western Ukraine and Belarus).
On the obverse of the bonds, the denomination in Russian (1.2 or 3 kopecks) and the year of issue are inscribed in the Maltese cross. The reverse is represented by an inscription in four rows, in German: "GEBIEST DES OBERBERFELSHABERS OST" ("Office of the Supreme Commander-in-Chief of the East") and below the courtyard (produced in Hamburg and Berlin).
In the design of the coins of the new reign, changes occur only in the part concerning the personality of the monarch. On the obverse of the silver ruble, 50 and 25 kopecks, there is a portrait of Nicholas II by Vasyutinsky, but now it is facing left (west). On the reverse, the same coat of arms is preserved, up to the sign AG under the horse's hind leg.
Rubles were minted annually from 1895 to 1915. Half - from 1895 to 1914, except for 1905. Half-half - in 1895, 1896, 1998, 1900 and 1901. Dvadtsatikopoechniki - from 1901 to 1917. Fifteen kopecks - from 1896 to 1917, except for 1910. Five-kopek pens - from 1897 to 1915, except 1907.
In 1897, the government made the transition to the gold standard. The St. Petersburg Mint was overloaded with the production of gold coins. Therefore, a part of bank coins had to be minted at the Paris and Brussels mints. Mothers and stamps for them were made in St. Petersburg, therefore, it is possible to determine which courtyard minted the coin only by the herd. The sign of Paris - one star, Brussels - two. For three years, from 1896 to 1898 inclusive, three yards produced a bank silver coin for a huge amount of about one hundred and forty million rubles (more than in the entire previous half century).
Over the twenty-year period of issue of the rubles of Nicholas II, five different portrait forms can be traced. Of these, the more prominent image of 1912-13 stands out. The shape of the eagle did not change until 1915. After the role of the high-grade silver coin was reduced to the level of a bargaining chip, the fifty-kopeck coin acquired great ease of handling. Its mass production follows in the same 1896 - 97 years, then it is repeated in 1899 and 1912 - 13. The poltinas have five different portrait forms. The flatter image of 1914 stands out significantly. The coins of the Parisian minting (1896, 97, 99) have a star sign on the edge.
The half-ruble, on the contrary, loses its role (the billon twenty-kopeck is too close to it), and after the mass release of 1896 and the relatively small 1900, its production for circulation purposes ceases. Three portrait forms can be distinguished among half-fifty. Since the coins have a serrated edge, it is difficult to unambiguously determine the Parisian minting of 1896.
2. Silver change coins of Nicholas II
The silver coin, which was expensive to manufacture, was not issued after 1915, and orders for additional minting of ten and fifteen kopecks were placed in Japanese Osaka (these coins with the date of 1916, unlike those in St. Petersburg, do not have not only the mint mark, but also the initials of the mintzmeister under the eagle) ...
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10 kopecks. |
Was born in 1868. Son of Alexander 3.
Under Nicholas 2 in Russia there is economic development Russia, and at the same time, socio-political contradictions are growing, which led to the revolution of 1905-1907 and the February revolution of 1917.
In 1905 - "Bloody Sunday". Execution of St. Petersburg workers on their way to Nicholas 2 with a petition about workers' needs.
In 1914, the First World War, the state of the country worsened, the authority of Nicholas II was falling.
In February 1917, an uprising broke out in Petrograd. On March 2, 1917, Nicholas II abdicated the throne.
In April 1918 he was shot.
1/4 penny 1900
Copper. Weight - 0.82 gr.
Diameter - 13.2 mm.
Circulation - 4,000,000 pcs.
Coins were issued in 1895, 1896, 1898, 1899, 1900, 1909, 1910 and 1915.
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1/2 penny 1915
Copper. Weight - 1.64 gr.
Diameter - 16.2 mm.
Circulation - 12,000,000 pcs.
The monogram of Nicholas 2 was minted on the obverse instead of the two-headed eagle.
They were minted from 1895 to 1900 and from 1908 to 1916.
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Kopeck 1900
Copper. Weight - 3.28 gr. 
Diameter - 21.7 mm.
Circulation - 30,000,000 pcs.
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2 kopecks 1900
Copper. Weight - 6.55 gr.
Diameter - 24.2 mm.
Circulation - 20,500,000 pcs.
The design of the coin appeared in 1867 under Alexander II
It was minted annually from 1895 to 1916.
A plate of buckwheat porridge cost 2 kopecks.
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3 kopecks 1899
(trynka, treshnikov)
Copper. Weight - 9.83 gr.
Diameter - 28 mm.
Circulation - 11 666 667 pcs.
They were also produced annually from 1895 to 1916 in large editions.
In Moscow, in a cheap tavern, cabbage soup with meat cost 3 kopecks.
A kilogram of table salt cost the same 3 kopecks.
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5 kopecks 1900
Silver 500.
Weight - 0.90 g.
Diameter - 15.1 mm.
Circulation - 4 003 009 pcs.
For 5 kopecks - a kilogram of old crop potatoes, fresh one cost 15 kopecks.
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5 kopecks 1916
(Pyatak, piglet)
Copper. Weight - 16.38 gr.
Diameter - 32.4 mm.
Circulation - 8,000,000 pcs.
Manufactured over a period of three years - in 1911, 1912 and 1916.
A loaf of rye bread cost 4 kopecks.
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10 kopecks 1900
Silver 500.
Weight - 1.80 g
Diameter - 17.5 mm.
Circulation - 14,000,009 pcs.
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15 kopecks 1900
(five dollars)
Silver 500.
Weight - 2.70 gr.
Diameter - 19.7 mm.
Circulation - 12,665,009 pcs.
"Here they are - two five-salty ones, and I am sober" - "At the Bottom" M. Gorky.
A scale of vodka cost 7-10 kopecks.
A liter of fresh milk cost 14 kopecks.
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20 kopecks 1917
Silver 500.
Weight - 3.60 g.
Diameter - 22 mm.
Circulation - 3,500,000 pcs.
A kilogram of pasta - 20 kopecks.
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25 kopecks 1900
Silver 900.
Weight - 5.00 g.
Diameter - 23 mm.
Circulation - 584,004 pcs.
"Women and girls carry bricks to the station and load the wagons and get a quarter a day for this" - "In the ravine" by A. Chekhov.
A kilogram of cottage cheese - 25 kopecks.
A kilogram of granulated sugar - 25 kopecks.
A kilogram of fresh bream - 24 kopecks.
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50 kopecks 1900
(Fifty dollars, fifty dollars)
Silver 900.
Weight - 10.00 g.
Diameter - 26.75 mm.
Circulation - 3 360 004 pieces
The letters "BM" on the obverse mean "by the grace of God."
A liter of sunflower oil - 40 kopecks.
A kilogram of tomatoes - 45 kopecks.
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Ruble of 1895
Silver 900.
Weight - 20.00 g.
Diameter - 33.65 mm
Circulation - 1 100 002 pcs.
A kilogram of frozen sturgeon -90 kopecks.
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5 rubles 1897
(Gold, semi-imperial)
Gold of 900 standard.
Weight - 4.30 gr.
Diameter - 18.5 mm
Circulation - 5,372,000 pcs.
Towards the end of the 19th century "Gold" become
call ten rubles.
"All the same, I'll take from you half-imperials with a hundred" - "Mad money" Ostrovsky)
A ticket to the Bolshoi Theater - 4 rubles. 50 kopecks.
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7 rubles 50 kopecks 1897
Gold of 900 standard.
Weight - 6.45 gr.
Diameter - 21.3 mm
Circulation - 16 829 000 pcs.
A worker's salary is from 7 to 14 rubles a month.
Cowhide boots - 5 rubles.
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10 rubles 1898
(Imperial, Arabchik, Lobanchik)
Gold of 900 standard.
Weight - 8.6 grams.
Diameter - 22.5 mm
Circulation - 200,000 pcs.
Imperial- means imperial.
Lobanchik- according to the equivalent French gold, where the head of the king of the Bourbon dynasty was depicted. Probably very forehead.
About Arabchik- history is silent, and even more so.
"Why do we need to re-ban all our lobsters from wallet to wallet?" (Interesting men) "Leskov
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15 rubles 1897
Gold of 900 standard.
Weight - 12.90 g.
Diameter - 24.6 mm
Circulation - 11 900 033 pcs.
After 1897 "Imperial" began to cost 15 rubles.
The clerk in the store received 15-30 rubles a month.
A long coat cost 15 rubles.
Cash cow - from 60 rubles.
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Nicholas 2 coins for Finland
Finland joined Russia in September 1809 and was recognized by Alexander II as an autonomous republic.
1 penny 1915
Copper. Weight - 1.28 gr.
Diameter - 15 mm.
Circulation - 2 250 000 pcs.
Russian-Finnish coins began to be minted in 1864.
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5 penny 1897
Copper. Weight - 6.4 g.
Diameter - 25 mm.
Circulation - 592 210 pcs.
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10 penny 1900
Copper. Weight - 12.8 gr.
Diameter - 30 mm.
Circulation - 522 533 pcs.
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25 penny 1897
Silver 750.
Weight - 1.27 gr.
Diameter - 16 mm.
Circulation - 450 172 pcs.
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50 penny 1908
Silver 750.
Weight - 2.54 gr.
Diameter - 18.5 mm.
Circulation - 353 436 pcs.
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1 mark 1907
Silver 868.
Weight - 5.18 g.
Diameter - 24.0 mm.
Circulation - 348 136 pcs. Weight - 10.36 gr.
Diameter - 27.5 mm.
Circulation - 25 543 pcs.
The coin depicts a Russian two-headed eagle with three crowns, and on the chest is the coat of arms of the Grand Duchy of Finland.
The 2 mark coin was minted from 1905 to 1908.
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10 marks 1904
Gold of 900 standard. Weight - 6.45 gr.
Diameter - 21.3 mm.
Circulation - 112,012 pcs.
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During the First World War, Germany, having seized the western regions of Russia, was forced to solve the problems of financial security for the population of these territories and organize the release of its own, occupation money. And after the February Revolution in Russia, despite the presence of the tsarist and the Provisional Government money in this area, the occupation money constituted the bulk of the money circulation.
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1 kopeck 1916
Metal is steel.
Weight - 2.9 g.
Diameter - 21.5 mm.
Circulation - 7,700,000 pcs.
The inscription reads " area of the commander-in-chief of the Eastern Front«.
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2 kopecks 1916
Metal - steel
Mass -: 5.7 gr.
Diameter - 24 mm.
Circulation - 6,100,000 pcs.
Coins were minted in Hamburg and Berlin.
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3 kopecks 1916
Metal - steel
Weight - 8.7 grams.
Diameter - 28 mm.
Circulation - 7,100,000 pcs.
And in Soviet times, and now they write a lot about the "rottenness" and "bloodiness" of the autocracy, a lot. It was so backward and bloody that it was just a nightmare! And no one cares that under the Bolsheviks, Russians were executed 150 times more than under the last tsar. Well, Nicholas II, indeed, was not an ideal ruler and made a lot of mistakes, but let's look at some facts. In the late 19th - early 20th centuries, the Russian Empire achieved truly outstanding successes in its development. Industry grew rapidly and Agriculture, and only under Nicholas II, the Russian ruble was recognized by the whole world as a hard currency. You can browse the Internet and libraries, spend many hours, but still you will not find another historical period when the Russian ruble was freely and so willingly accepted abroad.
Nicholas II and General Brusilov in 1915.
Prices under the last emperor Nicholas II:
Rye loaf fresh bread(450 grams) - 2-4 kopecks,
Old crop potatoes (1 kg) - 5 kopecks,
Rye flour (1 kg) - 6 kopecks,
A bucket of tomatoes - 8 kopecks,
Granulated sugar (1 kg) - 20-25 kopecks,
Fresh milk (1 liter) - 5-10 kopecks,
Egg (ten) - 10-25 kopecks,
Pork meat (1 kg) - 25-30 kopecks,
Sturgeon (1kg) - 80 kopecks.
The average wage of a worker in Russia under the tsar was 37.5 rubles. We multiply this amount by 1282.29 (the ratio of the exchange rate of the tsarist ruble to the modern one) and we get the amount of 48,085 thousand rubles for the modern conversion. In the course of the monetary reform, which was carried out by the government of Nicholas II in 1897-1899 under the leadership of S. Witte, the gold ruble was put into circulation. It contained about 0.77 grams of pure gold. At the beginning of the 20th century, the tsarist gold ruble was a very significant currency in the world market. If we compare the ratios of the currencies of that time, then the tsarist ruble contained about twice as much gold as the mark and the franc, was commensurate with the British pound, and was only twice "lighter" in relation to the American dollar. And they accepted the autocratic ruble throughout Europe with great joy. Even Russian banknotes were easily changed in any bank in Berlin, Vienna, Rome or Paris, and as for the “mushrooms” (gold Nicholas coins for 5 and 10 rubles), they were taken in small shops, and even without exchange for local money , and even 2-3 times higher than the official exchange rate - 1 gold ruble at the beginning of the XX century. was equal to 2,667 francs. francs.
The same famous royal gold ducat, in common parlance "redhead" 
The basis of the fortress of the financial system of the Russian Empire under Nicholas II was:
1. Increase in gold mining in the Urals and Siberia. The record figure was reached in 1914 - 66,521.7 kg;
2. A sharp increase in exports - agricultural products (grain, oil, meat, honey, dairy products, etc.); petroleum products (kerosene and lubricating oils); etc.
3. The introduction of a state monopoly on vodka and tobacco, and a significant increase in prices and taxes (excise) on them. By 1914, the excise tax on vodka yielded 1 billion gold. rub. from the entire state budget of the empire in 3.5 billion;
4. The rapid pace of industrialization - between 1890 and 1913. Russian industry quadrupled its productivity. Her income was not only almost equal to the income received from agriculture, but goods covered almost 4/5 of the domestic demand for manufactured goods. Over the last four years before the 1st World War, the number of newly established joint-stock companies increased by 132%, and the capital invested in them almost quadrupled. In 1900. Russia ranked 4th in the world in terms of world industrial production, its share was 9%. The high rates of development of the Russian economy were comparable only to the rates of development of the United States. In 1913, one of the largest economists in the world, Edmond Tary, on the instructions of the French government, studied the state of the Russian economy and concluded: “If the affairs of the European nations from 1912 to 1950 go the same way as they did from 1900 to 1912, Russia by the middle of this century will dominate Europe, both politically and economically and financially. "
Over the period 1900-1913, the state revenue doubled (from 1,736,700,000 to 3,431,200,000 rubles) with an increase in expenditures only 1.8 times, which made it possible to achieve a sustainable budget surplus. As of the beginning of World War I, the state gold reserve Russian Empire was the largest in the world. And best of all, the effectiveness of the Russian government and the growth of the well-being of the people was shown by the rapid increase in the population: from 1897 to 1914, that is, in just 17 years, the growth amounted to 50.5 million people! If such rates of population growth were preserved, then by 2000. about 425 million people would live in Russia.
In 1917, the ruble was cursed ... The liberals who overthrew the tsar were replaced by the Bolsheviks, the Bolsheviks were reformed into communists, then the liberals came again, but none of them was able to make the ruble a respected in the world and freely convertible currency. Maybe some magic - to call the tsarist finance ministers Witte and Kokovtsov from the other world, ask them - how to make the ruble a stable and respected currency in the world? Somehow they did without oil and gas revenues ... And a penny under the tsars - it was money!
Dear people, Professionals with a capital letter:
Sergei Yulievich Witte - from 1892 to 1903 Minister of Finance of the Russian Empire 
Vladimir Nikolaevich Kokovtsov - from 1904 to 1914 Minister of Finance of the Russian Empire 
Sources:
What could be bought for a penny under the king?
If you want to sell or find out the cost of gold coins of Nicholas 2, then our store will offer favorable conditions. We provide professional appraisal (free of charge) and purchase.
Nicholas II ascended the throne in 1894 at the age of 26 after the death of Alexander III from kidney disease. The "legacy" of the counter-reformer emperor was not easy. The first half of the twentieth century saw actions during Russo-Japanese War, the first revolution, and later - the First World War.
Purchase price of 5 gold rubles of Nikolay 2
Fig 1. Sell a coin of 5 rubles of Nicholas II
The cost of 5 gold rubles Nikolay 2
| Year of the Coin | Purchase price From | Purchase price Before |
|---|---|---|
| 1897 | 7 500 | 11 000 |
| 1898 | 7 500 | 11 000 |
| 1899 | 7 500 | 11 000 |
| 1900 | 7 500 | 11 000 |
| 1901 | 7 500 | 11 000 |
| 1902 | 7 500 | 11 000 |
| 1903 | 7 500 | 11 000 |
| 1904 | 7 500 | 11 000 |
| 1905 | 7 500 | 11 000 |
| 1906 | 7 500 | 11 000 |
| 1907 | 7 500 | 11 000 |
| 1909 | 25 000 | 60 000 |
| 1910 | 35 000 | 95 000 |
| 1911 | 100 000 | 200 000 |
These products are distinguished by a wide spread in circulation: for example, in 1906 only 10 copies were minted, and in 1898 - more than 52 million. For some years no accurate information... If you need to know with how much is the coin of 1898, refer to the table. Feature of the product - 2 types of herd. It can be either smooth or patterned with the initials of the mintzmeister.
Characteristics:
- diameter - 18.5 mm,
- weight - 4.3 grams (of which - 3.87 grams of pure gold).
In the store you can buy coin 5 rubles at a bargain price. Also with us you can sell a product after a professional assessment. 10 and 5 rubles was a large amount in Soviet times for payment abroad. In the online store you can buy a gold coin 5 rubles at a bargain price.
Sell 7 rubles 50 kopecks (1897)
Nicholas coin 2 7 1/2 ruble
How much can you sell 7, 5 gold rubles of Nicholas 2?
| Year of the Coin | Purchase price From | Purchase price Before |
|---|---|---|
| 1897 | 21 000 | 40 000 |
The appearance of a product with an unusual denomination was associated with monetary and economic reforms. For 1 year - 1897 - minting was carried out under the leadership of Apollo Grashof. The circulation was just over 5,000,000 pieces. Professionals who professionally deal with valuation of coins, indicate that these products resemble 5 rubles of Alexander 2.
Characteristics:
- face value - 7 rubles. 50 kopecks,
- weight - 6.45 grams (5.81 - pure gold),
- circulation - just over 5,000,000,
- diameter - 21.3 mm.
Products are considered rare, since they were not minted in Soviet times. Be careful: the Nikolaev coins of rare years of minting were often counterfeited. Discover, how much is the gold coin of Nicholas 2, you will be able to after professional evaluation. Our experts will conduct an assessment, after which they will offer the terms of the purchase.
Is it profitable to sell the 10 ruble coin of Nicholas II (1898-1911)?
Sale of 10 rubles to Nikolay 2
The price of a gold coin 10 rubles Nicholas II when buying in Moscow
| Year of the Coin | Purchase price From | Purchase price Before |
| 1898 | 17 000 | 25 000 |
| 1899 | 17 000 | 25 000 |
| 1900 | 17 000 | 25 000 |
| 1901 | 17 000 | 25 000 |
| 1902 | 17 000 | 25 000 |
| 1903 | 17 000 | 25 000 |
| 1904 | 24 000 | 35 000 |
| 1906 | rarity | |
| 1909 | 30 000 | 45 000 |
| 1910 | 55 000 | 125 000 |
| 1911 | 17 000 | 25 000 |
The table shows approximately the cost of a gold coin is 10 rubles. More specifically, it will be possible to say after the assessment by our specialist (for this we invite you to a store in Moscow). The cost is due to a fairly large number of products. For example, the circulation in 1900 was 5,372,000. In total, over 60,000,000 pieces were produced during the minting. But 10 rubles in 1910 is considered expensive. If you are interested, how much is the 1898 coin, come to our store in Moscow.
Coin characteristics:
- diameter - 22.5 mm,
- weight - 8.6 grams (7.74 of which are pure gold).
Compared with the "imperial" 10 rubles "lost". This is due to the difficult economic and political environment.
15 rubles. At what price can you buy or sell a rare specimen?
Fig 1. Sell the Semi-Imperial coin of Nicholas II
Sell 15 rubles coin in Moscow
| Year of the Coin | Purchase price From | Purchase price Before |
|---|---|---|
| 1897 | 30 000 | 44 000 |
It is another "atypical" coin that appeared in connection with the monetary reform. In 1897, more than 12 million pieces were minted, in 1899 - almost 2 times more (27 million). But in 1906, only 10 units were produced.
Characteristics of the gold 15 rubles Nicholas 2:
- minting - "AG" (Apollo Grashof),
- diameter - 24.6 mm,
- weight - 12.9 grams (11.61 - pure gold).
Depending on the stamp of the obverse, there are 2 varieties: under the edge of the neck, OSS or SS. If you need sell gold coins 15 rubles, contact our store in Moscow. It is known that there were test coins in denominations of 15, 10 and 5 rubles. There are also the so-called "Rus", which never came into circulation.
Cost of 10 marks for Finland
Fig 1. Photo of 10 stamps
How much can you sell 10 stamps of Nikolai 2 in Moscow?
| Year of the Coin | Purchase price From | Purchase price Before |
|---|---|---|
| 1904 | 40 000 | 100 000 |
| 1905 | 110 000 | 220 000 |
| 1913 | 12 500 | 23 000 |
10 stamps for Finland are of interest to numismatists. If you want to sell a gold coin 10 marks of Nikolay contact the store in Moscow. Under Nicholas, 2 coins were minted only in 1904 and in 1905. Instances are considered rare: in 1904, only a little more than 100 thousand appeared, and in 1905 - almost 43 thousand pieces. In our store, we also buy such copies. 10 stamps of Nikolay 2 for Finland have the following features:
- 900 standard gold,
- 3.23 grams of weight,
- 19.1 mm in diameter.
Sell 20 stamps for Finland
20 Finnish marks
At what price can 20 stamps of Nikolai 2 be sold?
| Year of the Coin | Purchase price From | Purchase price Before |
|---|---|---|
| 1903 | 15 000 | 22 000 |
| 1904 | 15 000 | 22 000 |
| 1910 | ||
| 1911 | 15 000 | 22 000 |
| 1912 | rarity | |
| 1913 | 15 000 | 22 000 |
20 marks were minted in 1903 and 1904. Circulation - 112,000 and slightly more than 188,000, respectively. Expensive coins of 1904 and 1905. Place of minting - Helsingfor Mint. 20 brands are made of the same material, but their weight is almost 2 times more (6.45 grams), and their diameter is 21.3 mm.
Not all products worth 10 rubles are called "Imperial", but only those on which there is an exact indication - "Imperial". It is known that only 125 pieces were minted in 1896. Probably, in 1895 and in 1897 it was the same. These gold coins of Nicholas 2 cost starts from 1,800,000. The products comply with the standards adopted under Alexander III: diameter - 24.6 mm, weight - 12.9 grams (11.61 grams - pure gold).
Features of minting coins during the reign of Nicholas II (1894-1917)
- The need for money grew, so they minted not only at SPMD, but also at the Rosenkrantz plant (St. Petersburg), in Birmingham, Osaka, and Brussels. Buy gold coins this period means making a profitable investment.
- Since 1897, Russia switched to the gold standard (reform of Nicholas II, reform of Witte).
- Gold coins were issued in denominations of 5, 7.5, 10 and 15 rubles. You can buy from us or sell gold coins Nikolaev the store is located in Moscow, offers appraisal and purchase.
With us you can sell Gold coins of Nicholas 2 after a professional assessment, we always offer favorable terms of purchase. Honestly, quickly, profitably. We also evaluate coins from a photo. Check by phone 8-800-333-14-77. We invite you to our store in Moscow!
