Rest in Petropavlovsk-Kamchatsky. Open left menu Kamchatka Territory Territory of Kamchatka Territory
Many people prefer to spend their holidays abroad or in the south of Russia. But there are places in the north and east of the country that amaze with amazing views. For example, few people know how beautiful and interesting the cities of Kamchatka are. In summer, you can spend your vacation without leaving the boundless homeland. Kamchatka is a wonderful place for lovers of beautiful views and clean air.
The cities and towns of Kamchatka are unique and amazing. They give you the opportunity to enjoy the stunning scenery from the comfort of your home.
Features of Kamchatka
This is a unique peninsula, it is also called the land of volcanoes and bears. Only here you can look up close at an active volcano, swim in a hot spring, walk on frozen lava. Magnificent views of the mountains and the bay, beautiful landscapes - all this attracts tourists.
If you decide on a boat trip, you can see various inhabitants of the depths of the sea, bird colonies, visit Starichkov Island, where many birds from the group of waterfowl nest:
- kittiwake;
- red-faced cormorant and bering;
- Pacific seagull;
- Pacific Guillemot and Spectacled Guillemot;
- guillemot is thin and thick-billed;
- an ordinary old man;
- Ipatka;
- hatchet.
Petropavlovsk city
Kamchatka has been recently developed, and the first settlement here was the town in the Avachinskaya Bay, founded in the 18th century. Now it has become the capital of Kamchatka. The city appeared during the Second Kamchatka Expedition led by Bering and Chirikov. It ran from 1733 to 1743. The city became Petropavlovsk by the name of the first two ships that visited the bay. And from the beginning of the 20th century, it was named Petropavlovsk-Kamchatsky.
Today this city is considered the most important port on Far East... Every day countless ships, boats and boats pass through it. Many of them offer tourists to go on a tour of the bay. It offers magnificent views of the surrounding volcanoes.
In the city itself, you can see interesting sights:
- a monument to Bering, the founder of the city;
- memorial complex in honor of the defense of the city in 1854;
- Kamchatka State United Museum;
- Scientific Museum of the Institute of Volcanology and Seismology;
- unique salmon museum.
City Keys
Kamchatka is a land where there are no large settlements. Therefore, the village of Klyuchi with a population of about 5 thousand inhabitants is called a city. It is located near the mouth of the Krutenkaya River, at the foot of the Klyuchevskaya Sopka. The village of Klyuchi was founded in the place where the large Cossack prison Nizhnekamchatsk was located. In 1731 it was burnt down due to a riot, which was raised by the Kamchadals.
Today in this village is based a station for the study of volcanoes, which operates under the leadership of the Institute of Volcanology of the Far Eastern Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences. The city has a regular bus service with Petropavlovsk-Kamchatsky. There is an airfield here, but it is used exclusively for aircraft transporting goods. During the Soviet era, passenger aviation also operated. The Kura missile test site is located not far from the village. It is based on the swamps on the Kamchatka River and has been operating since 1955.
Yelizovo city
It is here that the famous monument with bears and the inscription: "Here begins Russia" is located. Elizovo is considered the most important city of Kamchatka in terms of transport interchanges, especially for air vehicles. Despite its importance, the residents of Kamchatka consider this city a transfer point on the way from Petropavlovsk to the main beauties of the peninsula, which are located in remote villages and towns. The lack of popularity among tourists is due to the fact that there are practically no attractions in the city. The only thing that distinguishes Yelizovo from a typical Kamchatka city is the incredible volcanoes that can be seen on the horizon.
Due to the fact that the city is considered an intermediate point, in it and its surroundings you can find many tourist centers, hotels, hotels and hostels, which are always ready to receive a large number of tourists. The comfort in them is at a high level, so both travelers from Russia and Europeans or Japanese who often visit this area will be satisfied.
The city of Vilyuchinsk
Few people manage to visit this city, because it is a closed settlement. Therefore, the only way to get to know the city is through photographs. Well, those who have visited this and other cities of Kamchatka, which are intended for military personnel, will be pleased to remember these places.
Vilyuchinsk consists of three districts, which are divided among themselves:
- Primorsky is the largest, this is the so-called dormitory area.
- Herring is an area where submarine docks are located.
- Rybachy is the area where the submarines themselves are based.
The city got its name from the volcano. It is interesting that the Vilyuchinsky volcano is located very far away. Staying within the city limits, you can only see a small top of this giant.
Villages of Kamchatka
Going to small settlements, you can see much more beauty of this region than in the city. That is why it makes sense to visit the largest villages of the Kamchatka Territory. The first on the list is the Vulkanny settlement. It is located in the Elizovsky district. The nearest town of Petropavlovsk-Kamchatsky is only 42 km away. Geographically, it is located between the capital of the region and the city of Vilyuchinsk. The settlement was founded in 1955 and served as a military town. At that time it was called Mirny. From 1992 to 1999, the village was closed for the entry of outsiders, but now everyone can get there.
The village of Ossora was founded in the pre-war period, in 1937. It is the administrative center of the Koryak District. The name of this village comes from the Koryak language and in translation means "house of pink salmon", i.e. the area in which this fish spawns. Ossora is located in the northeastern part of the peninsula on the shores of the Karaginsky Bay. It stretches for 3 km along the coast, and to the west of it is Lake Ossorskoye. The settlement is interesting because alluvial gold deposits were found in nearby rivers.
Palana is another village in the Koryansky District. It is located on the western coast of Kamchatka, and the Sea of Okhotsk is only 7 km away. You will have to drive 940 km from Petropavlovsk, and about 200 km to the nearest settlement (Tigil village).
The Kamchatka Peninsula and the Kamchatka River itself are mesmerizing with its beauty. It is difficult to say which city or village should be chosen for tourist purposes. Usually routes cover several settlements, which makes it possible to get to know Kamchatka completely.
Spring lasts from April to June, as the snow usually melts in May or June, in early April it is still possible to ski.
Summer is the most popular period for travel, many are eager to seize this short period of time to enjoy the warm days on the peninsula and its revitalized nature.
Summer months - July, August, also the beginning of September is added here. This is the most favorable time for hiking tours, river rafting, fishing, acquaintance with the wild fauna of the peninsula, helicopter excursions to the Valley of Geysers.
The autumn period is the end of September-October, at this time the hills are covered with the first snow.
The nature of Kamchatka is beautiful in any season, so it is better to choose the time for travel based on your preferences in rest. Another tip - you should not plan your trip during the off-season - spring and autumn, at this time the weather changes are especially noticeable, which can limit the possibilities of spending time in Kamchatka.
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Pictures of Kamchatka
Transport
On the peninsula, no railways, but there are automobiles, they allow you to get to many attractions. There is a main road along which, for example, you can get from Petropavlovsk-Kamchatsky to Elizovo or Klyuchi. There is also a road from there that leads to Esso. Thanks to the existing roads, it is possible to reach other small settlements.
Someone prefers to get to attractions by bus or taxi, some rent a car, but it is important, due to climatic features and terrain, to choose models with high traffic. Another option for moving is hitchhiking, it is especially relevant when traveling long distances (it allows you to save on travel costs) and when visiting places that cannot be reached by public transport.
However, there are also sights that are difficult to reach on your own. For example, the territory of the reserves can only be reached by helicopter and as part of an excursion group. Tours can be booked to other hard-to-reach sites, and the organizers usually provide transfers to the site using SUVs, ATVs, snowmobiles, water transport, helicopter transfers, or a combination of several of the listed modes of transport. Horseback riding to some of the attractions is also offered, and in winter you can ride dog sleds to the site.
You can get acquainted in more detail with the main ways of moving around Kamchatka thanks to a special material, which also contains tips on how to get to the natural sites of the peninsula more conveniently.
Districts and cities
There are only three cities on the Kamchatka Peninsula - Petropavlovsk-Kamchatsky, Elizovo and Vilyuchinsk. And if the first two are of interest to tourists and they can be freely visited, then Vilyuchinsk is a closed territory, mainly military personnel and their families live here, there is a nuclear submarine base in the city. The region is divided into 11 districts, in which there are small villages, some are located close to iconic natural attractions, some of them have a well-developed infrastructure necessary for comfortable living and recreation.
Petropavlovsk-Kamchatsky
Founded by Vitus Bering during the Second Kamchatka Expedition, it is one of the oldest cities in the Far East. Tourism is actively developing in the city, there are many agencies offering excursion services. Due to the large number of places of residence, it is here that tourists like to stay, because in the city there is where to go and what to see.
In Petropavlovsk-Kamchatsky, you can find accommodation options designed for almost any budget - there are also inexpensive hostels, mini-hotels, and for those who are accustomed to comfortable conditions, hotel complexes with an extended range of services work. The charm of the city is that the developed infrastructure in it is adjacent to nature - from almost any area of it you can see home volcanoes, so named by the locals for their proximity to the settlement. These are Avachinsky and Koryaksky volcanoes, which are active, as well as extinct Kozelsky, Arik, Aag.
But where the closeness of wild nature is especially felt is in the bay called Mokhovaya. It seems surprising that within the city you can see a rookery of sea lions listed in the Red Book. If you find them on the spot, you will be amazed at the sight of these graceful animals in the water, their spontaneity and lack of fear of people. However, you should not get too close to them, and even more so to feed the animals, it is better to just watch the sea lions from a distance in their natural habitat.
A walk around the city will help you get to know it better, walk along the embankment with its beautiful views, visit Nikolskaya Sopka with its memorial complex in honor of the defense of the city during Crimean War and a cozy park.
If you want to see the city in all its beauty and diversity, then be sure to climb the Mishennaya Sopka - the highest point of the city. There is an observation deck, which offers a stunning view of the city and its surroundings - the mysterious ocean, rocks, picturesque bays, volcanoes and city buildings.
If you are not indifferent to boat trips, then be sure to go on a trip along Avacha Bay, look at the hills from the water, visit bays, capes and islands.
There are routes to picturesque lakes. Fans of extreme entertainment will enjoy rafting down the Bystraya river among the rocks and forts of the Sredinny ridge, which is organized by the guides. There are also opportunities for fishing.
The real highlight of the place is the opportunity to get acquainted with the culture, traditions and rituals of the indigenous peoples of the region. On the territory of the village there is an ethnographic museum, part of the exposition is located in the premises, part - right in the open air. Here you can see the reconstruction of traditional aboriginal dwellings, musical instruments, shamanic paraphernalia, household items and other exhibits. Another distinctive museum in the village is dedicated to bears, which were considered totem animals by the indigenous people.
In winter, you can go skiing and snowboarding at the Mountain Moroznaya ski base, which is nearby. The tracks are designed for both experienced skiers and beginners. Also during this time of the year you can go snowmobiling or go hunting.
Attractions of Kamchatka
What is worth visiting in Kamchatka? Of course, her main asset is nature, pristine and full of landscapes unusual for most. There are also interesting museums here, but many of them, in one way or another, are connected with the nature of the region.
Nature
Untouched nature - main feature Kamchatka, so it is quite understandable that they are trying to preserve this natural wealth. Huge territories are occupied by nature reserves and natural parks, whose employees monitor the state of natural objects and carry out Scientific research... Despite the special status of protected areas, tourists are welcome here, for whom ecological routes are developed that allow them to get acquainted with natural objects, flora and fauna, observing the rules that will avoid harm to natural complexes.
Kronotsky state reserve
It consists of three specially protected natural areas - the Kronotsky and Koryaksky reserves, the Yuzhno-Kamchatka federal reserve named after V.I. T.I.Shpilenka. Due to the status and inaccessibility of these places, they can be visited only by using the services of travel companies that are engaged in obtaining a permit to visit, organize a transfer and provide excursion services.
Among the most famous objects of the Kronotsky State Reserve:
This is one of the most spectacular places in Kamchatka, many are impressed by the boiling springs throwing columns of water and steam onto the surface. An ecological path has been laid for tourists, which allows you to see constantly operating and pulsating geysers, as well as thermal springs, mud boilers.
No less striking is the bowl-shaped basin, which formed on the site of the Uzon volcano more than 40 thousand years ago. There are many lakes in the caldera, foam and bubbles can be observed on their surface. On the territory you can see thermal springs, columns of steam rising above the fumarole fields, streams and rivers. The place is also of interest to scientists who use it to study hydrothermal processes.
It attracts with its picturesque views and ranks first in terms of area among the fresh water bodies of Kamchatka. There are several islands on which bears like to swim in search of eggs, seagulls lay them here.
Swans are considered to be the decoration of the lake, which become especially noticeable in the autumn.
One of the most popular objects of the South Kamchatka nature reserve among travelers. This is explained by the opportunity to observe bears that like to catch sockeye salmon in the lake - they come here to spawn in large numbers. Many bird species can also be found here. Add to the contemplation of animals the mesmerizing view of the volcanoes, reflected in clear weather in the waters of the lake, and you get the perfect picture of outdoor recreation.
Volcanoes of Kamchatka Natural Park
The territory is divided into 4 natural parks:
- Natural park "Nalychevo"
Popular among tourists who prefer hiking tours, climbing volcanoes. Home volcanoes are especially often visited due to their transport accessibility. On its area there are active and extinct volcanoes, among them: Avachinsky, Kozelsky, Koryaksky, Arik, Aag, Zhupanovsky, Dzenzur.
Rivers, lakes and thermal springs also attract travelers here.
The flora and fauna of the park is diverse, especially the tourists are attracted by euraska - these are Kamchatka ground squirrels, which easily make contact with people and take food from their hands without fear.
There are volcanoes in the park: Vilyuchinsky, Mutnovsky, Sopka Asacha, Khodutka, Ksudach, Zheltovskaya volcano.
There are also many thermal springs here, among the most famous are Khodutkinsky, Mutnovsky, Vilyuchinsky, Asachinsky.
The park will appeal to fans of walking tours and active sports - on the mountain ranges and slopes of volcanoes you can ski, snowboards, snowmobiles, and you can do this almost all year round. If you want to see geysers, but there is no way to go to the Valley of Geysers, go to the Mutnovsky volcano, here you can see boiling springs.
- Natural Park "Klyuchevskoy"
It is considered the most powerful volcanic region in our country, there are majestic and inaccessible volcanoes, 4 of them are active. Among the most famous are: Klyuchevskaya Sopka, Kamen, Bezymyanny, Ushkovsky, Tolbachik, Zimina.
Among the developed tourist routes, the one on which you can see the consequences of recent eruptions may be especially interesting. The destructive power of volcanoes is especially reflected in the Dead Forest, which is located next to the Tolbachik volcano. The vegetation was burned out, only the strongest tree trunks remained standing, which look lifeless, the ground here is covered with a layer of ash and slag.
It is worth visiting for those who are interested in the life and traditions of indigenous peoples, because it is here that they mainly live today. Their original way of life is best preserved in the villages of Esso and Anavgay. In Esso, you can visit the ethnographic museum; in Anavgai, an ethnographic complex under the open sky is being formed. The park offers tourists various options for active pastime - climbing volcanoes (Ichinskaya Sopka is located here), swimming in lakes and open thermal springs, river rafting. In winter, people come here to go skiing and snowboarding.
Avacha Bay
It ranks second in the world in terms of its size; the Avacha Bay feature is that it does not freeze even in winter. Here you can take a boat trip, on the way to Avacha Bay you will come across 3 rocks of an unusual shape. According to legend, these are brothers who protected the inhabitants from the tsunami and were petrified forever.
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Private guides in Kamchatka
Russian private guides will help you get acquainted with Kamchatka in more detail.
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Things to do
Kamchatka is beautiful because there are many opportunities for recreation: climbing volcanoes, river rafting, skiing and snowboarding, fishing, watching animals, visiting national holidays - this is far from full list... Yes, you have to reckon with the harsh climate - many activities are seasonal, but there is something to do here almost at any time of the year.
Event tourism
The originality of the region can be felt thanks to national holidays, they allow preserving the traditions of indigenous peoples and introducing them to tourists. Plan your trip to one of them, and along with the natural beauties of Kamchatka, you will get an unforgettable experience from contact with a new culture.
Reindeer breeder's day held on the first Sunday of March in the village of Esso. Before the start of the main events, an ancient ceremony of offering to the fire is performed and a traditional yurt is set up, which can be visited by every participant in the event. Of course, many people come here on this day to see a spectacular action - a reindeer sled race.
The program also includes competitions in national sports, performances of national creative teams, an entertainment program for spectators. Well, what a holiday without treats? Get ready for reindeer shurpa and tea with flatbreads.
Beringia Is a traditional Kamchatka dog sled race, which has been held since 1990. This long race, which usually starts in March, covers the whole of Kamchatka, it has been noted more than once by the Guinness Book of Records. "Beringia" is considered one of the most significant events in the region, because it combines the sports component, the desire to preserve cultural characteristics terrain.
In addition, the participants of the race carry out an important mission of delivering sports equipment, stationery, books and other necessary things to remote villages. Tourists will be interested in visiting the opening of the race, where you can see dog kennels, get acquainted with their fluffy inhabitants, take part in festive events - quests and contests.
Indigenous peoples are grateful for the natural resources of their land, they strive to live in harmony with nature. You can verify this on Day of the first fish, which is celebrated on the first Sunday of June in Petropavlovsk-Kamchatsky. Once here, you will see the ancient rituals carried out by the aborigines, luring fish into the rivers so that the catch is rich in summer and autumn. In addition, exhibitions of arts and crafts, ethno-discotheques, and competitions are held. Traditionally, the audience is treated to fish soup.
Can it be noted New Year summer? Yes, if you are in Kamchatka! The third Sunday in June is celebrated here Nurgenek- the beginning of the year for the Evens. In the vicinity of the village of Anavgay, those who wish can take part in dance marathons in traditional Aboriginal costumes, make a wish by tying a piece of cloth on a rope wrapped around two larches. The Evens believe that the more people they serve, the better the coming year will be, so you will not stay hungry at the holiday.
Perhaps the most significant summer event is Volcano day held in August. The main locations on this day are the slopes of the Avachinsky and Kozelsky volcanoes, where master classes are held on harvesting fish and caviar and other useful local trades, picnics, contests, watching films, playing golf in volcanic terrain. The most spectacular part is the competition in jeeps and motorcycles. As part of the celebration, a massive ascent to Avachinskaya Sopka is held, in which everyone can participate.
Alhalalalai- such an unusual and melodic name for an autumn holiday that falls on the last Sunday in September. It can be translated as thanksgiving - this is the time to say thanks to nature for its harvest. In the village of Pimchakh, Itelmen rituals are held in the language of this people, in parallel, their words are translated into Russian. Spectators can take part in a dance marathon, which can last for several hours.
To get acquainted with the traditions of the Koryak people will help Hololo- a holiday in honor of the first caught seal. It is held on the first Sunday in November. Here you can see the rituals for luring a large seal - dancing to the sound of a tambourine, burning twigs smeared with fat in the fire. Festive events are held on a grand scale in Petropavlovsk-Kamchatsky, the participants have the opportunity to get acquainted with the ancient culture of the Koryaks and taste local cuisine - fish soup, tolkushu, seal shurpa.
Fishing in Kamchatka
It can be either an independent pastime or an integral part of a boat trip. You can fish on the peninsula even all year round, it is famous for its fish resources. In warm weather, the most favorable period is from mid-May to early December, because at this time salmon - sockeye salmon, chum salmon, chinook salmon, pink salmon and other species - enter the rivers from the ocean. Ice fishing also has its own charm, in winter grayling, char, flounder, smelt bite well.
Seasonal vacation
Depending on your preferences, you can choose different options for seasonal activities.
Hiking in Kamchatka
Travel agencies in Kamchatka offer a variety of tours, including walking tours and full-fledged hikes.
The first ones can last from one to several days and are suitable for tourists who want to see the famous natural attractions of the region, but are not ready for a camping life - heavy backpacks, life in a tent camp - or are able to live in this mode for only a few days. For those who do not want to deprive themselves of a comfortable overnight stay, there are even tours with accommodation in modern hotels.
For tourists who are ready to test themselves and break out of their usual comfort zone, hikes have been developed with full immersion in the wild nature of Kamchatka with all the attributes of a camp life - long hikes with heavy backpacks, food cooked on a fire, and the lack of the benefits of civilization. But, according to many tourists, all the difficulties on the way are worth it, because how else to really get to know the beautiful wild nature of the area. Such tours usually include climbing volcanoes, visiting local lakes and thermal springs, observing animals in their natural habitat.
Hikes are designed for different level preparation - if climbing the Avachinsky volcano does not require special skills, then in order to conquer the Kozelsky, Koryaksky or Vilyuchinsky volcanoes, you need special equipment, mountaineering experience and the accompaniment of an experienced guide.
One of the most popular routes is a trip to the Nalychevo park, which includes swimming in hot springs, visiting the Dzenzur volcano, picking berries that are rich in the area, and, of course, enjoying the landscapes of the Nalychevo valley.
If you are attracted by volcanoes, then you can choose tours dedicated to them. For example, there are routes in the "Klyuchevskoy" park, which are located at a sufficient distance from civilization. In addition to climbing the Plosky Tolbachik volcano, the last eruption of which occurred in 2012, they can include visits to the Mutnovsky and Gorely volcanoes, as well as acquaintance with other natural objects.
Helicopter excursions
Some places of interest can only be reached by air - after all, cars cannot be driven through the territory of the reserves. Itineraries with flying around and visiting volcanoes, the Valley of Geysers and other natural complexes will leave an unforgettable experience, because truly breathtaking views open up from the air.
Beach vacation in Kamchatka
To visit Kamchatka and not see the Pacific Ocean would be an omission. Go to Khalaktyrsky Beach, watch the waves, walk along the black volcanic sand. Only the most desperate dare to swim here - the water does not warm above 15 ° C on the warmest days. You may be surprised, but here you can also meet surfers who are not afraid cold water and strong waves.
River rafting
They are often combined with fishing. You can choose routes of varying difficulty, one of the easiest is rafting down the Levaya Avacha river, more difficult ones - along the Bystraya, Opala, Pymta rivers. For fans of extreme sports, spring rafting is more suitable, at this time the speed of the river reaches its maximum.
Ski holidays in Kamchatka
On the peninsula there are several bases with equipped infrastructure, among them: "Krasnaya Sopka", which is located in Petropavlovsk-Kamchatsky, and "Moroznaya Mountain" in the vicinity of Elizovo. Also suitable for freeriding are the slopes of volcanoes - Koryaksky, Kozelsky, Vilyuchinsky. Do not forget that climbing these peaks requires mountaineering experience and equipment.
Purchases
Of course, in Kamchatka you can buy magnets and other popular souvenirs depicting landmarks and local animals. However, there is also a large selection of original things that convey the special flavor of these places. True, you need to be prepared for high prices for such products.
Fish and seafood
Fish, caviar and seafood - this is what first of all travelers bring from a trip to Kamchatka. Of course, it is important that the products do not deteriorate on the way, so you should opt for delicacies in sealed packaging. You can buy such products in Petropavlovsk-Kamchatsky, for example, in the market located on 50 Let Oktyabrya Avenue. Here you can buy fresh fish, caviar, smoked products, canned food. The products are fresh, the choice is large, in addition, the sellers give the opportunity to taste different types caviar to compare and choose the one that you really like.
Herbal teas
Various herbal teas can be called another popular gastronomic souvenir of the region. Before the arrival of the first Russian settlers, the indigenous peoples of Kamchatka did not know about black tea and drank teas based on local plants and berries. As part of ethnic tours to the camps, travelers have the opportunity to treat themselves to traditional herbal teas. From the trip, it is also worth bringing collections of willow tea, bearberry, cinquefoil and other herbs in combination with berries - blueberries, cloudberries, blueberries, lingonberries, cranberries.
Bone souvenirs
Like other northern peoples, bone crafts in this area are considered one of the crafts. Products are made from the antlers of deer, elk, sheep, walrus tusks. The drawing is applied to the bone plate and then processed with an engraving needle. The souvenir shops sell knife handles, figurines, bracelets, hairpins.
Wooden crafts
Master carvers for designer products mainly use alder: in addition to being easy to work with, it has a beautiful texture on the cut. Amulets are made of wood - figurines of heroes of local legends. You can often find images of Kutkh - the deity of the aborigines, who is depicted in the form of a raven. Figures of good spirits Pelikens are also common, which bring happiness and good luck to their owner. In addition to charms, you can find wooden figurines of animals in shop windows.
Leather and fur souvenirs
The harsh climate required warm clothing made by indigenous peoples. Nowadays, you can buy traditional clothing items in stores - warm hats, vests, high fur boots or cozy house slippers.
Food and drink
Not only nature makes this region unique, its cuisine is also considered a visiting card. It is closely intertwined with history, the way of life of the indigenous peoples and the natural gifts of the peninsula. The Itelmens, Evens, Koryaks have achieved perfection in combining fish and meat with berries and herbs, due to which the food becomes especially tasty and aromatic, acquiring an exotic northern flavor.
Aborigines have developed many options for preserving fish for future use - they dry it, dry it, smoke it, ferment it and freeze it. Yukola is considered one of the popular dishes of the national cuisine.It is quite an easy delicacy to prepare, it only needs fresh fish and time. It does not require salt or spices - the fish is suspended and dried and dried thanks to the wind.
Yukola can be used to prepare another dish - crush. Red caviar, shiksha berries and lingonberries, pine nuts and herbs are added to the yukola crushed in a wooden mortar. Usually this dish is seasoned with fish oil.
Of course, in this fishy land, they love to cook and eat fish soup, and the recipes can be different, but the taste will be amazing anyway thanks to the fresh ingredients.
In addition to fish, peoples know how to cook venison deliciously. This meat has a peculiarity - it can be dryish, to make it tender, the Koryaks add lingonberries and honeysuckle to it. Stroganina cooked by local residents is famous.
Thanks to the Russian settlers, a dish called telnoye appeared. To prepare it, you need to chop red fish fillets and onions, then mix them with flour, eggs, dried porcini mushrooms and herbs. From the mixture, you need to form a crescent-shaped zrazy, adding mashed potatoes as a filling.
So where in Petropavlovsk-Kamchatsky to try local food and drinks? Perhaps the most picturesque place is the Kelylan ethnocafe, its setting resembles a traditional semi-dugout of Kamchadals; national costumes... Acquaintance with the culture of nations occurs not only through the local cuisine, but also through songs and dances. Here you can try squid salad, marinated venison, grayling slices, juices and berry fruit drinks. However, the establishment has one peculiarity - they work only by prior arrangement with groups of tourists.
Fans of burgers and craft beer should visit the Friends & Burgers Grill Bar, where you will be treated to a Kamchatka crab burger.
Do you want to try original cocktails? Then head to the Alchemist Bar for signature cocktails, craft beer and seafood dishes.
Average temperature in the city by months:
Petropavlovsk-Kamchatsky through the eyes of a resident. About climate, ecology, areas, property prices and work in the city. Pros and cons of life in Petropavlovsk-Kamchatsky. Feedback from residents and residents.
General information and history
Petropavlovsk-Kamchatsky is an outpost of Russia on the Kamchatka Peninsula, a city with a unique history and even more unique location. The city is located on the coast of Avacha Bay The Pacific, being at the same time the base of the Russian Pacific Fleet.
Petropavlovsk-Kamchatsky is one of the oldest cities in the Far East. The first Cossacks arrived here in 1697. Here they founded a prison and laid storage facilities. For more than forty years, new Russians did not come to Kamchatka, until in 1740 an expedition led by Alexei Chirikov and Vitus Bering on two ships “Saint Apostle Paul” and “Saint Apostle Peter” arrived to explore the Kamchatka land. The names of the ships eventually gave the name to the prison. He became Petropavlovsk.
Forty years later, two British warships "Discovery" and "Resolution" visited Petropavlovsk as part of John Cook's Third Round-the-World Expedition. Since then, all the round-the-world regattas have dropped anchor off the coast of Avacha Bay.
In 1812, the Petropavlovsk jail received the status of a city and the name "Petropavlovsk harbor". In the same year, the sovereign approved the "New Regulation on Kamchatka", according to which a specially appointed governor-general was to govern the peninsula. The place of residence of such a high rank was chosen in the Peter and Paul harbor.
In 1849 the Kamchatka region was formed. The Petropavlovsk harbor became the regional center.
Directly from Petropavlovsk-Kamchatsky to Moscow 8400 km. A real road would probably be 10,000 km, and maybe more. How long would the soldiers go? How long would the carts travel? If the soldiers of central Russia had gone to rescue their Far Eastern comrades, they would have met the message about the end of the war somewhere in the area of modern Novosibirsk.
Thank God, no one had to help. The Far East showed themselves as brave warriors and defended the Peter and Paul harbor in heroic battles. In memory of the brave soldiers, a chapel was erected on Nikolskaya Sopka and a mass grave was made.
More than a century and a half later, in 2011, Petropavlovsk-Kamchatsky was declared the “City of Military Glory”. The award has found a hero, it's a pity that it's so late.
Climate and ecology of Petropavsk-Kamchatsky
There are not many places in Russia where you can invite tourists. It is not only possible to invite tourists to Kamchatka, but also necessary. The nature here is truly unique. The difference in elevation in Petropavlovsk-Kamchatsky itself is 513.6 meters. The lowest point is the level of Avacha Bay. The highest is Mount Rakovaya.
In principle, the whole city stands on the hills. There are practically no smooth roads. Constant ups and downs. There are practically no small cars with weak engines here, since it is impossible to drive them.
Geographically, Petropavlovsk-Kamchatsky is located south of Moscow, but nevertheless the climate here is much more severe than in the capital. Summer is very cold. It is comparable in average temperatures to Norilsk and Arkhangelsk. Nevertheless, the winter on the peninsula is very warm. It is even milder than winter in St. Petersburg. The temperature drops during the year are small. In August, the average daily temperature is + 12.4 ° C, and in January - 7.7 ° C below zero. That is, the difference is only 20.1 ° C.
Precipitation in Kamchatka falls mainly in autumn and winter. In summer, the peninsula is not hot and very comfortable.
Speaking about the climate of Petropavlovsk-Kamchatsky, it is impossible not to mention the seismic activity. East coast Kuril Islands, Kamchatka and Japan are the most seismically active places on Earth. In the last century, there was one 9-point earthquake, two 8-point and ten 7-point.
The ecological situation in Petropavlovsk-Kamchatsky is quite stable. The air is poisoned mainly by motorists and two local thermal power plants. Since only 181 thousand inhabitants live in the city, and among them only one in six is a motorist, thirty thousand cars are not capable of causing significant harm to the nature of the city.
The water in the Achinsk Bay is, of course, dirtier than a hundred or even fifty years ago. The reason for this is outdated ships, from which fuel oil regularly flows. Any other global environmental issues neither in the city nor in the region.
Population of Petropavsk-Kamchatsky
The indigenous inhabitants of the Kamchatka Peninsula are Kamchadals, or as they are also called, Itelmens. From time immemorial, Kamchadals settled along the banks of rivers rich in salmon, fished, hunted in the forests.
There are very few Kamchadals in the total mass. About 10% of the residents of Petropavlovsk-Kamchatsky. The rest of the people are Russians, Ukrainians and Armenians.
In principle, the population is quite calm. You can safely walk along the evening streets. Average age a resident of Petropavlovsk-Kamchatsky is 44 years old, with an average life expectancy on the peninsula of 57 years.
Young people are few, after school they leave for the west to larger cities, where they try to stay. It is considered the most chic to leave Kamchatka c. Few succeed in such a move. Happiness for many - and. They are also considered prestigious cities.
On this moment in Petropavlovsk-Kamchatsky, more people die than are born. The city reached its peak in 1989, when 286 thousand people lived in Petropavlovsk-Kamchatsky. Now the numbers are much more modest, just over 181 thousand at the beginning of 2019.
About a quarter of residents have higher education... Most often, correspondence, obtained in one of the local branches of universities. In terms of education, the townspeople lag significantly behind the leading regions of the country and even in the Far East are not leaders.
Districts and real estate of Petropavsk-Kamchatsky
From time immemorial, there were no districts in Petropavlovsk-Kamchatsky. At the beginning of the twentieth century, no more than a thousand people lived in the city. Of course, decades later the situation has changed, but regionalization has not taken root. In 1973, Petropavlovsk-Kamchatsky was divided into Oktyabrsky and Leninsky districts, in 1988 the districts were abolished.
Now the city is divided into micro-districts, which are usually separated from each other by mountains or water bodies. Distinguish microdistricts "Fourth kilometer", "Fifth kilometer", "Sixth kilometer", North-East, Horizon, Silhouette, Center. In addition, the city includes the nearby villages: Nagorny, Avacha, Zaozerny, Radygino, Dalniy, Khalaktyrka, Mokhovaya, Chapaevka, Zavoiko.
There is no such thing as a central street in Petropavlovsk-Kamchatsky. Karl Marx Avenue and Sovetskaya Street can argue for the right to be so called. Due to the city hills and uneven terrain, the city occupies a huge territory, but the buildings are very sparse, so it takes a long time to get to socially significant objects from almost anywhere in Petropavlovsk-Kamchatsky.
It is no exaggeration to say that Petropavlovsk-Kamchatsky is located in one of the most beautiful places in the world. All around the ocean, volcanoes, bays, hills. From the balcony of an ordinary house, here you can see such beauty that no five-star resort has even dreamed of. With such a wonderful nature, Petropavlovsk-Kamchatsky remains one of the ugliest and ugliest cities not only in Russia, but also, probably, in the world. The people of Peter and Paul absolutely do not appreciate the beauty in which they live, even their houses look like temporary huts or barracks because of this.
Local residents here sew up the walls with huge metal sheets, this is done because it blows strongly in the rooms located on the windward side. Winds, by the way, be healthy in Petropavlovsk-Kamchatsky.
In general, there are no normal hotels in the city. The only decent hotel is located half an hour from the city center, among the pine trees. There are no benefits of civilization near the hotel, but there is a submarine base.
Petropavlovtsi live every day in anticipation of tremors, but they are still not there. Periodic earthquakes spoil the whole life of the townspeople. The only positive point that they bring is beautiful bay windows on buildings, but here they are used not for beauty, but for the sake of lateral strength. Each apartment in the Petropavlovsk apartment building has a shockproof ledge with an exit to a small balcony. The people call this ledge and this balcony the captain's bridge.
After all, there are excellent conditions for skiers, snowboarders, sledders. No Krasnaya Polyana or Grand Canyon stood nearby. Need an active volcano - please. Valley of Geysers? We also have it. But no. Nobody wants anything. Of course, going to the Kamchatka resort will not be a cheap pleasure, but there are also moneybags who rest in Chile, climb to the Himalayas. Why don't all these people come to Kamchatka?
If suddenly some crazy traveler is brought to Petropavlovsk-Kamchatsky, then it is best for him to choose the Central microdistrict, and if in short, the center, since it is in it that all the most important city department stores and shops are concentrated. It is from here that transport diverges to all other settlements.
Infrastructure condition
If you imagine Petropavlovsk-Kamchatsky as a big dog, and the city infrastructure as a dog's paws, then the dog will turn out to be lame. There are terrible roads in the city. No one wants to lay more durable concrete, preferring asphalt over it. Light seismic shocks are common in this area. As a result, the asphalt is always cracked. Where there are cracks, holes eventually appear. Nobody fixes the holes for a long time. Taxes are taken from residents regularly, but they are not used for their intended purpose. Maybe they are building an underground bunker with these funds? Where did all the townspeople escape after the end of the world? Unknown.
Everything utilities in Petropavlovsk-Kamchatsky are very expensive. Electricity costs 3.47 rubles per kilowatt. Hot water- 18 rubles per cubic meter, cold - 6 rubles. Such prices are explained by the fact that nobody wants to get energy from wind in Kamchatka. The energy of the sea tides is also not used in any way. Only thermal power plants remain. Urban boiler houses cannot cover the entire city. Many neighborhoods have their own stoker rooms, where people who do poorly at school work. The stokers smoke the sky very much and, with an unfavorable wind, can blow into someone's apartment.
The main mode of transport in the city is a bus, and a PAZik. The bus traffic pattern resembles the sun. All routes diverge from the city center, and two more run along the perimeter of Petropavlovsk-Kamchatsky. In fact, for a small town located on a large territory, it is very difficult to come up with something more convenient. Grooves, by the way, drive very old and often break down, and sometimes they do not master the uphill climb.
There are enough kindergartens, like schools. At the end of the eighties, there were a hundred thousand more people in the city and the entire infrastructure was built for them. Now there are even empty kindergartens. This is not Moscow, free premises here are not interesting to anyone. If you walk around the city, then you can count several dozen empty buildings.
Despite this, real estate in the city is quite expensive. Renting an apartment on Khreshchatyk, Kiev, costs the same as in Petropavlovsk-Kamchatsky. Kamchatka does not yet reach Moscow prices, but there will still be roofing felts. A one-room apartment with no frills in the city costs an average of two million rubles. Two-room - five hundred thousand more expensive, three-room - a million.
Enterprises and work in Petropavlovsk-Kamchatsky
The city-forming enterprise of Petropavlovsk-Kamchatsky is the ocean. Without him, no one would have lived here for a long time, despite all the beauty. OJSC Kamchatrybprom, Okeanrybflot, a fishing collective farm named after Vladimir Lenin, CJSC Akros and many small companies operate in the seafood market. The entire industry is controlled by the mafia. Now, however, they call themselves businessmen, but some fifteen years ago, when everything was still restless, these same people were shooting at each other, trying to grab a larger piece of the pie.
It's a shame that most of Kamchatka's seafood is exported abroad, and processed into Russia from there. Not the desire to develop the whole range of fishing and processing of fish and seafood plays a disservice not only for Petropavlovsk-Kamchatsky, but for the whole country. During the fishing season, hundreds of fortune seekers come to town to hire a sailor and set sail. Sailors often undermine their health on these trips, but at the same time they earn very good money.
Not so long ago, the mining industry began to develop in Kamchatka. Gold, platinum, nickel and silver are mined there. Foreigners are not allowed into the mines, because for a month of unskilled labor there you can get more than one hundred thousand rubles, which is a very good sum for Kamchatka.
Crime
The most widespread crimes in Petropavlovsk-Kamchatsky are somehow connected with poaching. In the 90s, the "earners" sorted out the relationship with each other. Since the 2000s, they have been fighting against law enforcement agencies. Unfortunately, Kamchatka has a very corrupt police force and does not fight all poachers. Those who pay for their peace of mind do not experience any discomfort. Others sometimes have to sweat, hiding from the pursuit.
There have never been any high-profile contract killings in Petropavlovsk-Kamchatsky. Basically, only Mother Nature is stolen or robbed here, so we can summarize that the city, despite all its dullness, is quite calm.
The city's attractions
In Petropavlovsk-Kamchatsky, it makes no sense to brag about restaurants, bars or theaters. All leisure here is at a very low level. The food is the same everywhere. Equally bad. The cost of meals is also about the same everywhere. There will be an average of one and a half thousand meals per person.
It is much cheaper and tastier to meet some of the fishermen who go to sea and buy fresh fish and seafood from them. Delicious shrimp fishermen sell for one hundred rubles per kilogram.
One should boast about nature in Petropavlovsk-Kamchatsky. For example, the active volcano Mutnovsky or a lava cave, 6 meters high.
Of course, the valley of geysers deserves a separate discussion, which, although not located in the city itself, is a real symbol of Kamchatka. Those who have not been to the valley of geysers have in vain traveled to Petropavlovsk-Kamchatsky.
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Petropavlovsk-Kamchatsky is a city in Russia, the administrative center of the Kamchatka Territory. Located in the Far East of Russia, in the southeastern part of the Kamchatka Peninsula, on the shores of the Avacha Bay of the Pacific Ocean. Active volcanoes Koryakskaya and Avachinskaya sopki rise near the city.
Founded in 1740 by the Second Kamchatka Expedition, named after the ships of the expedition "St. Peter" and "St. Paul". During the Crimean War in 1854, the garrison of Petropavlovsk repelled an attack by the Anglo-French fleet. It is the easternmost city of the entire northern hemisphere with a population of over 100 thousand people.
History
Foundation of the cityOne of the oldest cities in the Far East. The Cossacks were the first to arrive here from the Russian kingdom in 1697. The Cossacks in Avacha Bay, near the Kamchadal village of Aushin, on the shores of the Avacha Bay of the Pacific Ocean, laid storage sheds for yasak and founded a prison. Forty three years later, according to the maps of the Kamchatka land drawn up earlier, the Second Kamchatka Expedition of 1733-1743 arrived here on two packet boats on October 17, 1740. under the leadership of Vitus Bering and Alexei Chirikov. The name of the Peter and Paul Fortress was derived from the names of the ships-packet boats "Holy Apostle Peter" and "Holy Apostle Paul".
The founder of the city is the midshipman rank navigator Yelagin Ivan Fomich. On September 29, 1739, by order of the head of the 2nd Kamchatka expedition Vitus Bering, Ivan Elagin on the boat "Holy Archangel Gabriel" left Okhotsk for Kamchatka. He was instructed to describe the sea coast from the mouth of the Bolshaya River to Avacha Bay, to continue researching Avacha Bay, to draw up a map of it, to build warehouses and living quarters for stopping the expedition, as well as to carry out measurements to find out the possibilities of entry of large sea vessels, since “there should be a building for a servant's dwelling, as well as for lodging provisions for stores, and from the Bolshaya River to the aforementioned bay, the sea coast has not yet been described. " Bering discovered Avacha Bay in 1729 during the return of the First Kamchatka Expedition to Okhotsk.
On May 16, 1740, I. Elagin set off from the mouth of the Bolshoi River (Bolsheretsky prison) along the southwestern coast of Kamchatka and, having rounded its cape, on June 10, arrived in Avacha Bay. The “Saint Gabriel” boat was the first sea vessel in history to land in Avacha Bay. After examining the lip, Elagin proceeded to describe the lip and chose a place for the construction of warehouses and living quarters on the northern shore of Niakina harbor near the Itelmen camp of Aushin. The construction of the first houses of the Russian settlement began in June 1740 from a forest prepared in advance and was completed by the fall of the same year. On September 20, 1740, I. Elagin drew up a report in the harbor of Niakina and said that the servicemen and local residents had built in the harbor "five living quarters in one connection, and three barracks, and three anbars in two apartments." Elagin also reported on the completion of measurements of the depths of the Avacha Bay, the compilation of maps of the western and eastern shores of Kamchatka along the proposed route of the expedition.
On October 6 (October 17, according to the present), 1740, the packet boats “Saint Apostle Paul”, led by Alexei Chirikov, and “Saint Apostle Peter” with Commander Vitus Bering arrived in Avacha Bay. This day is considered to be the birthday of the city.
Stepan Krasheninnikov, traveling around Kamchatka at that time, wrote in his book:
Niakina Bay, which is now called Peter and Paul Harbor from the two packet boats of Peter and Paul that wintered in it, lies to the north and is so narrow that ships can be attached to the shores, but it is so deep that it can also accommodate such ships that are larger than packet boats: for it is 14 to 18 feet deep. At this lip, officers' rooms, barracks, shops and other buildings from the naval team were built. There, after my departure, a new Russian prison was established, to which residents were transferred from other prison.
Center of Petropavlovsk-Kamchatsky. Kultuchnoye lake. Target volcano View of the city, Koryaksky volcano in the background Historical dates
- 1779 - Peter and Paul Harbor was visited by two British warships "Discovery" and "Resolution" of J. Cook's Third World Expedition. In the harbor in August was buried C. Clarke, who took over the leadership of the expedition after the death of J. Cook.
- 1787 - the ships "Bussol" and "Astrolabe" of La Perouse's round-the-world expedition visited Petropavlovsk.
- 1812 - received the status of the city and the name of the Peter and Paul Harbor. Also, a "New Regulation on Kamchatka" was published, according to which the management of Kamchatka was entrusted to a special chief. The place of residence of the chief was "appointed" Petropavlovsk harbor, which becomes the capital of Kamchatka.
- City districts December 2, 1849 - the Kamchatka region was formed, headed by the governor V.S. Zavoiko, with the center - the Petropavlovsk port.
- From 18 to 24 August (from 30 August to 5 September) 1854 - the Peter and Paul defense continued. In memory of this event, monuments were erected in the city: the Monument of Glory and the Monument to the 3rd battery of Alexander Maksutov, there is a memorial complex - the Mass Grave and a chapel. All monuments are geographically located on the slopes of Nikolskaya Sopka in the historical center of the city.
- 1913 - the city's coat of arms was established, which basically repeated the regional coat of arms, but had a three-tower crown of the regional city on the top of the coat of arms, and two anchors intertwined with the Alexander ribbon at the bottom. In 1993, at the initiative of the city administration, the city's coat of arms was restored.
- In 1924 - by a resolution of the Presidium of the All-Russian Central Executive Committee, it was renamed into Petropavlovsk-Kamchatsky, where the definition was included to distinguish it from the name of the city of Petropavlovsk in Kazakhstan.
- June 15, 1932 - the Kamchatka Branch of the Pacific Research Institute of Fisheries and Oceanography was organized.
- April 21, 1933 - the first professional theater began its work in the city.
- November 6, 1936 - the construction of the first stage of the shipyard was completed: "The firstborn of heavy industry in Kamchatka is in service."
- In 1942, the Morrybtechnikum was opened in Petropavlovsk-Kamchatsky (Petropavlovsk-Kamchatsky Marine Fisheries College of the People's Commissariat of the Fishing Industry of the USSR).
- In 1946, the technical school received a new name - Petropavlovsk-Kamchatsky Marine Fishing Technical School of the Ministry of the Fishing Industry of the Eastern Regions of the USSR.
- In 1952 - the fishing technical school was transformed into the Petropavlovsk-Kamchatka Naval School (PKMU).
- In 1957, the UKK (Training and Consulting Center) of the Far Eastern Institute of the Fishing Industry was created.
- August 31, 1958 - the official opening of the first higher educational institution in Kamchatka - the Kamchatka Pedagogical Institute.
- In 1959, the town of Industrialny was included in the Petropavlovsk line.
- In 1970, a branch of the Dalrybvtuz was organized.
- October 31, 1972 - the city of Petropavlovsk-Kamchatsky was awarded the Order of the Red Banner of Labor.
- December 27, 1973 - the Leninsky and Oktyabrsky districts were formed in the city of Petropavlovsk-Kamchatsky
- In June 1976, the Mikoyan School of Fish Processing Plant moved from the Okhotsk coast to Petropavlovsk-Kamchatsky. From that time on, it became known as GPTU No. 2. Full history of the school on the website.
- In 1987 - on the basis of the UKK, PKVIMU (Petropavlovsk-Kamchatsk Higher Marine Engineering School) was created.
- In 1991, the PKMU and PKVMU were merged, and the school became known as PKVMU (Petropavlovsk-Kamchatsk Higher Naval School).
- In 1991 - Kamchatka Fishery College was renamed into Kamchatka Polytechnic College.
- In 1997 - PKVMU was renamed KGARF (Kamchatka State Academy of Fishing Fleet).
- In 2000 - KGARF was renamed KamchatGTU (Kamchatka State Technical University).
- October 31, 2000 - by order of the Ministry of Education Russian Federation№ 3149 "Kamchatka State Pedagogical Institute" was renamed into "Kamchatka State Pedagogical University".
- July 15, 2005 - by order of the Ministry of Education and Science of the Russian Federation No. 686 "Kamchatka State Pedagogical University" was renamed into a state educational institution of higher professional education "Kamchatka State University".
- March 6, 2006 - by order of the Federal Agency for Education No. 120, the state educational institution of higher professional education "Kamchatka State University" was renamed into the state educational institution of higher professional education "Kamchatka State University named after Vitus Bering ".
- July 1, 2007 - according to the results of the referendum, became the administrative center of the Kamchatka Territory.
- November 3, 2011 - the city was awarded the honorary title "City of Military Glory".
There is currently no official division of the city into districts. On December 19, 1973, the city was divided into Leninsky and Oktyabrsky districts, in 1988 this division was abolished. The following settlements are administratively subordinate to the city: Dolinovka, Radygino modern maps and in the documents it is unreasonably called - Radygino) [source not specified 1182 days], Chapaevka, Dalny, Zaozyorny, Khalaktyrka, Avacha, Mokhovaya, Nagorny, Zavoiko [source not specified 1363 days].
View of the city center Building on Leninskaya street in the historical center
View of the districts "Horizon" and "North-East" Sovetskaya street
Economy and industry
Extraction and processing of fish
It is still the main branch of the economy of Petropavlovsk. Among the largest fishing and fish processing enterprises - JSC "Akros", a fishing collective farm named after. Lenin, PJSC "Okeanrybflot" and a number of others. In general, the industry is mainly represented by small companies operating seasonally on salmon fish. While in a number of villages on the east and west coast of Kamchatka in last years in connection with the construction of new factories, fish processing received a "second wind", in Petropavlovsk itself the industry lost its former importance.
Mining industry
In recent years, the mining industry has also been gaining strength. The city has offices of mining companies that extract gold (Asachinskoye, Aginskoye, Rodnikovoye and other deposits), nickel (Shanuch), platinum (deposits are located in the north of the region, in Koryakia), as well as silver.
Tourism
Tourism begins to play one of the most important roles in the economy of the city, numerous travel companies offer many routes to hot springs, volcanoes, helicopter excursions to the famous Valley of Geysers and the Uzon volcano caldera, horseback riding, as well as boat trips, river rafting and fishing. Unfortunately, high airfare and the lack of developed infrastructure, especially high-quality and inexpensive hotels, impede the development of the industry; only a few tens of thousands of tourists visit Kamchatka every year, while neighboring Alaska is visited by a million people every year.
The volcanoes closest to the city, called home volcanoes, are lined up in one ridge. There are three of them: Kozelsky volcano (2189 m), Avachinskaya volcano (2741 m) and Koryakskaya volcano (3456 m). On the slopes of the Kozelsky volcano there are two bases - mountaineering and skiing, operating almost all year round. To climb it, as well as Avacha, preparation and equipment are not required, unlike Koryakskaya volcano.
Night city View of the city from the Avachinskaya bay, in the background the Koryakskaya volcano
Energy
There are two large thermal power plants in the city - CHPP-1 and CHPP-2, which fully meet the city's electricity needs. Currently, work has been completed on the construction of the Sobolevo - Petropavlovsk gas pipeline, as a result of which CHPP-2 partially runs on natural gas (2 boilers out of three). Thus, the city's dependence on imported fuel is insignificant, but has decreased. In addition, the city's electrical networks are connected to the Mutnovskaya GeoPP, which is capable of providing up to 62 MW of electricity for the central Kamchatka power center.
This edition of the Passport of the Kamchatka Territory was prepared as of 01.01.2019.
1.1 Geographical location
The Kamchatka Territory is part of the Far Eastern Federal District and occupies the Kamchatka Peninsula with the adjacent mainland, as well as the Commander and Karaginsky Islands. The Kamchatka Territory borders in the northwest with the Magadan Region, in the north with the Chukotka Autonomous Okrug, and in the south with the Sakhalin Region.
From the east, Kamchatka is washed by the waters of the Pacific Ocean, from the northeast - by the waters of the Bering Sea, from the west - by the waters of the Sea of Okhotsk.
1.2. Territory
The area of the territory is 464.3 thousand square meters. km (2.7% of the area of the Russian Federation), of which 292.6 thousand sq. km is occupied by the Koryak District, and stretches from south to north for almost 1600 km.
The administrative center is Petropavlovsk-Kamchatsky.
1.3. Climate
The climate is mainly moderate monsoon, in the center - moderate continental, in the north - subarctic; the average January temperature on the Kamchatka Peninsula is -15.5 ° C, on the adjacent part of the mainland -25 ° C, the average July temperature is +13.2 ° C; the amount of precipitation is up to 1000 mm per year. In the north of the region there is permafrost, over 400 glaciers.
1.4. Population
The population of the region as of January 1, 2019 amounted to 314.7 thousand people (0.2% of the population of the Russian Federation), having decreased by 832 people in 2018. The decrease in the population of the region is caused by 84.1% of the migration outflow and by 15.9% - by natural decline.
In 2018, 3,417 children were born, which is 8.9% less than in the previous year. The total fertility rate in the whole region was 11.0% (on average in Russia - 10.9%). 3,549 people died, which is 2.3% more than in 2017. The average annual mortality rate was 11.2% (on average in Russia - 12.5%).
The population density is 0.7 people per 1 sq. km, which is 13 times lower than in Russia as a whole. The population is distributed over the territory of the region extremely unevenly - from 0.02 people per 1 sq. km in Penzhinsky district up to 586 people per 1 sq. km in the city of Yelizovo. The majority of the population lives in the cities of Petropavlovsk-Kamchatsky, Elizovo, Vilyuchinsk and the valleys of the Avacha and Kamchatka rivers.
The share of the urban population is 78.4% (246.8 thousand people), the rural population is 21.6% (68.0 thousand people).
The labor force was 179.4 thousand people (57.0% of the total population of the region).
134 nationalities live on the territory of the region: the Russian population is the most numerous in the region (85.9%), the second place is occupied by the Ukrainians (3.9%), the third - the Koryaks (2.3%), Tatars, Belarusians, Itelmens, Chukchi, Evens, Koreans, etc.
Standards of living
2018 in the Kamchatka Territory was characterized by a decline in living standards, despite an increase in wages. The main reason is the lag in the growth rates of the average per capita money income of the population and pensions from the rates of inflationary processes.
Average per capita cash income in 2018 was 42,021.7 rubles, real cash income was 99.4%.
Average nominal accrued wage in the Kamchatka Territory in 2018 amounted to 72,692.6 rubles (an increase to the level of 2017 was 10.5%), real wages - 107.9%.
The number of officially registered unemployed at the end of December 2018 amounted to 2.6 thousand people (1.4% of the labor force).
The quantity living wage per capita in the Kamchatka Territory in 2018 amounted to 19,481 rubles (for the working-age population - 20,494 rubles, for pensioners - 15,478 rubles, for children - 20,934 rubles).
According to preliminary data, the share of the population with money incomes below the subsistence level in 2018 decreased by 1% compared to 2017 and amounted to 16.5%.
1.5. Administrative divisions
The Kamchatka Territory includes 87 settlements, including:
- cities of regional subordination - 3 (Petropavlovsk-Kamchatsky, Vilyuchinsk, Elizovo);
- urban-type settlements - 1 (urban-type settlement Palana);
- workers' settlements - 1 (r.p. Vulkanny);
- rural settlements - 82.
Kamchatka Krai includes 66 municipalities, including 3 have the status of "City District":
- Petropavlovsk-Kamchatsky urban district;
- Vilyuchinsky urban district;
- City district "Palana village";
11 have the status of "Municipal District":
- Aleutian municipal district;
- Bystrinsky municipal district;
- Elizovsky municipal district;
- Milkovsky municipal district;
- Sobolevsky municipal district;
- Ust-Bolsheretskiy municipal district;
- Ust-Kamchatskiy municipal district;
- Karaginsky municipal district;
- Olyutorsky municipal district;
- Penzhinsky municipal district;
- Tigil municipal district.
One of the regions of the region - Aleutian - is located on the Commander Islands.
Karaginsky, Olyutorsky, Penzhinsky and Tigilsky municipal districts are part of the territory with a special status Koryaksky district.
The municipal districts include 5 urban settlements and 46 rural settlements.
Four European states could be located on the territory of the Kamchatka Territory: England, Portugal, Belgium and Luxembourg taken together.
1.6. Political parties
There are 17 regional branches of all-Russian political parties registered in the Kamchatka Territory. The most active and numerous are:
Kamchatka regional branch of the All-Russian political party "UNITED RUSSIA";
Kamchatka regional branch of the political party "Liberal Democratic Party of Russia";
Kamchatka regional branch of the political party "Communist Party of the Russian Federation";
Regional branch of the political party "A JUST RUSSIA" in the Kamchatka Territory.
Coat of arms of the Kamchatka Territory
Flag is a rectangular panel of two horizontal stripes: the top is white, the bottom is of blue color... The ratio of stripes in width is 2: 1. In the roof there is an image of the figures of the emblem of the Kamchatka Territory.
Anthem of the Kamchatka Territory
Words by B.S. Dubrovin, music by the Honored Artist of Russia E.I. Morozova. Performers - Kamchatka Choir Capella, Moscow Symphony Orchestra "Globalis" (conductor - People's Artist of Russia Pavel Ovsyannikov). Approved by the Law of the Kamchatka Territory dated 05.03.2010 No. 397 "On the Anthem of the Kamchatka Territory".
1.8. Brief historical background
For the first time, the administrative status of Kamchatka was defined as an independent Kamchatka region within the Irkutsk province by the Named Decree of August 11, 1803 "On the structure of regional government in Kamchatka." The territory included the Nizhnekamchatsky district and the Okhotsk district of the Gizhiginsky district. By the decree of April 9, 1812, "The present regional government in Kamchatka, as being too extensive and complex for that region," was abolished. The head of Kamchatka was appointed from among the officers of the maritime department and the Petropavlovsk port was determined by his location.
By the highest decree of the Governing Senate, the Kamchatka region was re-formed on December 2, 1849: "From the parts subordinate to the Kamchatka Primorsky administration and the Gizhiginsky district, form a special region, which will be called the Kamchatka region." The first governor of the Kamchatka region was Major General (later Rear Admiral) Vasily Stepanovich Zavoiko. The heroic defense of Petropavlovsk from the Anglo-French squadron in August 1854 is directly connected with his name.
In 1856, in connection with a change in Russian policy in the Far East, the Petropavlovsk District was formed as part of the Primorsky Region. The administrative status of an independent region was returned to Kamchatka in 1909. By this time, the region consisted of 6 counties, occupying the entire northeast, included an area of about 1360 thousand square meters. km.
On November 10, 1922, Soviet power was established in the region in the person of the Oblnarrevkom, and the territory was renamed into Kamchatka province.
Since January 1, 1926, the Kamchatka District, consisting of 8 districts (Anadyr, Karaginsky, Penzhinsky, Petropavlovsky, Tigilsky, Ust-Kamchatsky, Ust-Bolsheretsky, Chukotsky), is part of the Far Eastern Territory.
By the decree of the All-Russian Central Executive Committee and the Council of People's Commissars of the RSFSR on November 22, 1932, the Kamchatka province (district) was reorganized into the Kamchatka region as part of the Far Eastern Territory.
In October 1938, the Kamchatka region, after another administrative-territorial division, became part of the Khabarovsk Territory with 13 districts, the Koryak and Chukotka national districts.
By the decree of the Presidium of the Supreme Soviet of the USSR on January 23, 1956, the Kamchatka Region, together with the Koryak District, was separated from the Khabarovsk Territory as an independent administrative entity of the RSFSR.
The separation of the Kamchatka region into an independent administrative-territorial unit contributed to the acceleration of the growth of its productive forces, social and cultural development. The Pauzhetskaya geothermal power plant, the Avachinsky fur farm, and two fur farms were commissioned. The All-Union sanatorium “Nachiki” was built. In 1961, the television center began operating. In 1962, the Institute of Volcanology of the Siberian Branch of the USSR Academy of Sciences was organized. In 1967, Tralflot, Okeanrybflot, Kamchatrybflot were organized.
By the decree of the Presidium of the Supreme Soviet of the USSR of July 17, 1967, the Kamchatka region was awarded the Order of V.I. Lenin.
Kamchatka Territory was formed on July 1, 2007 as a result of the unification of the Kamchatka Region and the Koryak autonomous region in accordance with the Federal Constitutional Law of 12.07.2006 No. 2-FKZ "On the formation of a new constituent entity of the Russian Federation within the Russian Federation as a result of the unification of the Kamchatka region and the Koryak Autonomous Okrug."
The administrative center of the Kamchatka Territory - the city of Petropavlovsk-Kamchatsky, is an international sea and air port. Formed in 1740 (the year the port was founded). It was approved by the city in 1812 with the name Petropavlovsk port. In 1924 it was renamed the city of Petropavlovsk-Kamchatsky.
By the decree of the President of the Russian Federation on November 3, 2011, the city of Petropavlovsk-Kamchatsky was awarded the honorary title "City of Military Glory". In 2016, a stele of the City of Military Glory was installed in Petropavlovsk-Kamchatsky.
