Conclusions of BP. How to choose a power supply. In various models there may be other connectors
Power supply in computer (BP) - This is an independent pulse electronic device designed to convert the voltage of AC in a range of constant voltages (+3.3 / +5 / +12 and -12) for power motherboard, video cards, hard drives and other computer blocks.
Before reinforcing the power supply of the computer, you must make sure that it is malfunction, since the inability to start the computer may be due to other reasons.
Photograph of the appearance of the classic power supply unit ATH stationary computer (desktop).
Where is the BP in the system block and how to disassemble it
To access the computer's BP, you must first remove the left side wall from the system unit, unscrewing two screws on the rear wall from the location of the connectors.
To remove the power supply unit from the system block housing, you need to unscrew four screws marked in the photo. To carry out an external inspection of BP, just disconnect from the computer blocks only those wires that interfere with the installation of BP on the edge of the system unit housing.
By placing the power supply on the corner of the system unit, you need to unscrew the four screws that are on top, on the photo of pink color. Often one or two screws are hidden under the sticker, and to find the screw, it needs to be left or pierced by sting a screwdriver. On the sides, there are also stickers that interfere with removing the cover, they need to be cut through the interface line of the parts of the BP case.
After the cover with PB is removed necessarily removed with a vacuum cleaner all dust. It is one of the main reasons for the refusal of radio components, since, covering them with a thick layer, reduces heat transfer from parts, they overheat and, working in difficult conditions, fail faster.
To relive the computer, remove dust from the system unit and BP, and also to check the operation of the coolers is required at least once a year.
Structural scheme of bp computer ATX
The computer power supply is a rather complex electronic device and for its repair requires deep knowledge of radio engineering and the presence of expensive devices, but, nevertheless, 80% of failures can be eliminated independently, owning soldering skills, working with a screwdriver and knowing the block diagram of the power supply.
Almost all PC computers are manufactured below the diagram below. Electronic components in the diagram I brought only those that most often fail, and are available for self-replacement of non-professional. When repairing the power supply of ATX, the color labeling of the wires overlooking it will need.
The supply voltage using the power cord is fed through the plug-in connection to the power supply board. The first element of protection is the Pr.1 fuse usually stands on 5 A. But depending on the power of the source, there may be another nominal value. C1-C4 capacitors and L1 choke form a filter that serves to suppress the syphase and differential interference, which occur as a result of the operation of the power supply itself and can come from the network.
Network filters collected by such a scheme are mandatory in all products in which the power supply is made without a power transformer, in TVs, video recorders, printers, scanners, etc. The maximum filter efficiency is possible only when connecting to the network with a grounding wire. Unfortunately, in cheap Chinese power sources of computers, the filter elements are often absent.
This is the example, the capacitors are not installed, and instead of the throttle, jumpers are sealed. If you repair the power supply and detect the lack of filter elements, it is desirable to install them.
Here is a photo of a high-quality BP of the computer, as you can see, filter capacitors and an interference throttle are installed on the board.
To protect the power supply circuit on the supply voltage jumps in expensive models, varistors are installed (Z1-Z3), on the photo on the right side of blue color. The principle of work is simple. With normal voltage on the network, the resistance of the varistor is very large and does not affect the operation of the scheme. In the case of increasing the voltage in the network above the permissible level, the resistance of the varistor decreases sharply, which leads to the burnout of the fuse, and not to the failure of expensive electronics.
To repair the failed block due to overvoltage, it will be enough to simply replace the varistor and a fuse. If there is no varistor at hand, you can only do the replacement of the fuse, the computer will work normally. But at the first opportunity, not to risk, you need to install the varistor in the fee.
In some models of power blocks, it is possible to switch to operation at a power supply voltage 115 V, in this case, the SW1 switch contacts must be closed.
For the smooth charge of electrolytic capacitors C5-C6, incorporated immediately after the rectifier bridge VD1-VD4, sometimes install the RT thermistor with negative TKS. In the cold state, the resistance of the thermistor is the units of OM, when current through it, the thermistor is heated, and its resistance decreases at 20-50 times.
In order to enable the computer remotely, there is an independent, an additional low-power supply source that is always enabled, even if the computer is turned off, but the electric plug is not taken out of the outlet. It forms a +5 b_sb voltage and is constructed according to the transformer auto-oscillator-in-generator diagram on a single transistor, powered by VD1-VD4 diodes straightened. This is one of the most unreliable power supplies and repair it difficult.
The maintenance of the motherboard and other devices of the voltage system unit necessary for the operation of the voltage block are filtered from interference with chokes and electrolytic capacitors and then through wires with connectors are fed to sources of consumption. The cooler, which cools the power supply itself, is powered by, in old models of BP from voltage minus 12 V, in modern from voltage +12 V.
Repair of the BP of the ATX Computer
Attention! In order to avoid the output of the computer, the dusting and connecting the power supply connections and other nodes inside the system unit must be performed only after the computer is completely turned off from the supply network (remove the plug from the socket or turn off the switch in the "pilot").
The first thing that needs to be done is to check the presence of voltage in the outlet and the serviceability of the "pilot" type extension on the glow of the switch of its switch. Next, you need to check that the computer power cord is securely inserted into the "pilot" and the system unit and the switch is turned on (if available) on the rear wall of the system unit.
How to find a fault of the BP pushing the "Start" button
If the computer is supplied to the computer, then in the next step you need to look at the cooler of the power supply (visible behind the grille on the rear wall of the system unit) Press the "Start" button. If the blades of the cooler, at least move a little, it means that the filter, the fuse, the diode bridge and capacitors of the left part of the structural circuit, as well as an independent low-power supply source +5 b_sb.
In some models, BP cooler is on a flat side and to see it, you need to remove the left side wall of the system unit.
Rotate to a small angle and stopping the inclusion of the cooler when you press the "Start" button indicates that the output voltage appears for an instant at the BP output, after which the protection is triggered by stopping the operation of the BP. Protection is configured in such a way that if the value of the current one of the output voltages exceeds the specified threshold, all voltages are disconnected.
The reason for the overload is usually a short circuit in low-voltage circuits of the BP itself or in one of the computer blocks. A short circuit usually appears when the breakdown in semiconductor devices or isolation in capacitors.
To determine the node in which a short circuit occurred, you need to disconnect all BP connectors from the computer blocks, leaving only connected to the motherboard. After that connect the computer to the supply network and click the Start button. If the cooler in BP was covered, then one of the disconnected nodes is faulty. To determine the defective node, they must be sequentially connected to the power supply.
If the BP connected only to the motherboard did not earn, continue searching for a fault and determine which of these devices is faulty.
Checking the BP of Computer
measuring the magnitude of the resistance of the output chains
When repairing BP, some types of its faults can be determined by measuring the resistance size between the total GND of the black color and the other contacts of the output connectors.
Before starting Measurements, the BP must be disconnected from the supply network, and all its connectors are disconnected from the system unit nodes. Multimeter or tester need to be included in resistance measurement mode and select the 200 Ohm limit. Total instrument wire connect to the connector pin to which the black wire is suitable. The end of the second probe is touched by contacts, in accordance with the table.
The table shows the generalized data obtained as a result of measuring the size of the resistance of the output circuits of 20 serviceable BP of computers of different capacities, manufacturers and years of release.
For the possibility of connecting the BP to check without load inside the unit, load resistors are installed on some outputs, the denomination of which depends on the power of the power supply and the manufacturer solution. Therefore, the measured resistance can fluctuate in a large range, but should not be below the permissible.
If the load resistor in the chain is not installed, then the emmeter readings will be changed from a small value to infinity. This is due to the charging of the filter electrolytic capacitor from the ohmmeter and indicates that the capacitor is good. If you change the probe places, there will be a similar picture. If the resistance is great and does not change, then the condenser is in the break.
Resistance is less permissible indicates availability short circuitwhich can be caused by a breakdown of isolation in an electrolytic condenser or straightening diode. To determine the faulty item, you will have to operate the power supply and drop out one end of the filter choke of this chain from the circuit. Next, check the resistance before and after the throttle. If after it, then closure in the capacitor, wires, between the tracks of the printed circuit board, and if before it, then the straightened diode breaks.
Finding fault BP external inspection
Initially, it should be carefully examined by all the details, turning special attention to the integrity of the geometry of electrolytic capacitors. As a rule, due to severe temperature mode Electrolytic capacitors are out of order most often. About 50% of the failures of the power supplies are due to the malfunction of the capacitors. Often, the swelling of the capacitors is a consequence of the poor work of the cooler. The lubricant of the bearing coolers is produced and the turnover falls. The cooling efficiency of the power supply parts is reduced, and they overheat. Therefore, at the first signs of the fault of the power supply cooler, additional acoustic noise usually appears, you need to clean the dust and lubricate the cooler.
If the capacitor body sank or seen traces of the flow of electrolyte, then the condenser failure is obvious and should be replaced with a good. A condenser is swollen in the case of a breakdown of isolation. But happens external signs There is no refusal, and the level of pulsations of the output voltage is greater. In such cases, the capacitor is faulty due to the absence of contact between its output and the cover inside it, as they say the condenser in the cliff. You can check the condenser to open with any tester in resistance measurement mode. The technology of testing capacitors is presented in the article "Measurement of Resistance".
Next, the remaining elements, fuse, resistors and semiconductor devices are inspected. In the fuse inside along the center there should be a thin metal wire, sometimes with thickening in the middle. If the wire is not visible, then, most likely it burned. To accurately check the fuse you need to ring it with an ohmmeter. If the fuse blocked, it needs to be replaced new or repaired. Before replacing, it is possible to check the power supply unit to check the power supply unit, and the veins of the copper wire with a diameter of 0.18 mm can be soldered to its terminals. If, when the power supply is turned on to the network, the wiring network does not exceed, then there is no sense to replace the fuse in good condition.
How to check the health of PG and GND contacts
If the motherboard can only be checked by connecting to a well-friendly power supply, the power supply can be checked separately using the load unit or run using the contact connection +5 to PG and GND.
From the power supply on the motherboard, the supply voltages are supplied using 20 or 24 of the pin connector and 4 or 6 of the contact. For reliability, connectors have latches. In order to remove the connectors from the motherboard, you need a finger to press the top of the latch simultaneously, the accompanying is quite a lot of effort, moving from side to the side, pull out the opposite part.
Next, it is necessary to navigate each other, the segment of the wire, you can and the metal stationery clip, two outputs in the connector, removed from the motherboard. Wires are located on the side of the latch. In the photos, the place of installation of the jumper is marked with yellow.
If the connector has 20 contacts 14 (green wire, in some power blocks can be gray, Power ON) and output 15 (Black wire, GND).
If the connector has 24 contactthen you need to connect with each other 16 (green green, in some power blocks the wire can be gray, Power ON) and output 17 (Black wire GND).
If the impeller in the power supply cooler is covered, then the ATH power supply can be considered operational, and, therefore, the reason for the non-working computer is in other blocks. But such a check does not guarantee the stable operation of the computer as a whole, since the output voltage deviations may be greater than permissible.
Checking the BP of Computer
Measurement of voltages and levels of ripples
After repairing BP or in case of unstable operation of the computer for complete confidence in the help of the power supply, it is necessary to connect it to the load block and measure the level of output voltages and the scope of ripples. The deviation of the voltage values \u200b\u200band the scope of the pulsations at the output of the power supply should not exceed the values \u200b\u200bshown in the table.
It is possible to do without the load unit, measuring the voltage and the level of pulsations directly on the outputs of the BP connectors in the computer.
| Table of output voltages and scope of pulsations BP ATH | |||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Output voltage in | +3,3 | +5,0 | +12,0 | -12,0 | +5.0 SB. | +5.0 pg. | GND. |
| Color wire | orange | red | yellow | blue | purple | grey | the black |
| Permissible deviation,% | ± 5. | ± 5. | ± 5. | ± 10. | ± 5. | – | – |
| Permissible minimum voltage | +3,14 | +4,75 | +11,40 | -10,80 | +4,75 | +3,00 | – |
| Permissible maximum voltage | +3,46 | +5,25 | +12,60 | -13,20 | +5,25 | +6,00 | – |
| Ripples of pulsation not more than mV | 50 | 50 | 120 | 120 | 120 | 120 | – |
When measuring stresses, the multimeter "minus" end of the probe is connected to a black wire (general), and the "plus" to the desired connector contacts.
Voltage +5 in SB (STAND-BY), purple wire - produces a built-in in BP an independent low-power power supply performed on one field transistor and a transformer. This voltage provides the computer in the standby mode and serves only to start the BP. When the computer works, then the presence or absence of voltage is +5 in the SB role does not play. Thanks to +5 in the SB, the computer can be started by pressing the "Start" button on the system unit or remotely, for example, from the block uninterrupted power In the event of a long lack of supply voltage 220 V.
Voltage +5 in PG (Power Good) - appears on a gray Wire of BP after 0.1-0.5 seconds in case of its serviceability after self-testing and serves as a resolution for the motherboard.
The voltage is minus 12 V (blue wire) you only need to power the RS-232 interface, which is missing in modern computers. Therefore, in the power blocks of the latest models of this voltage may not be.
How to replace the fuse in computer bp
Typically, a tubular glass fuse is installed in computer blocks, designed for protection current 6.3 A. For reliability and compactness, the fuse is sold directly into the printed circuit board. For this, special fuses are applied, having conclusions for a sealing. The fuse is usually installed in a horizontal position next to the network filter and it is easy to detect in appearance.
But sometimes there are power supplies in which the fuse is installed in a vertical position and the heat-suite tube is hoping on it, as in the photo above. As a result, it is difficult to detect it. But it helps the inscription inflicted on the printed circuit board next to the fuse: F1 - the fuse on electrical circuits is designated. Next to the fuse can also be the current current on which it is designed, the current of 6.3 A. is indicated on the submitted board.
When repairing the power supply and checking the vertically installed fuse using a multimeter, it was discovered. After falling out the fuse and removal of the heat-shrinkable tube, it became obvious that he was buried. The glass tube from the inside was all covered with a black flare from the blurred wire.
Fuses with wire conclusions are rare, but they can be successfully replaced by the usual 6.3 amps, having flown to cups from the ends. Single-core pieces of copper wire with a diameter of 0.5-0.7 mm.
It will only be left to secure the prepared fuse in the power supply circuit board and check it on working capacity.
If when the power supply is turned on, the fuse burned down, then there is a refusal of other radio elements, usually breaking transitions to key transistors. Repair the power supply with such a malfunction requires high qualifications and is not economically appropriate. Replacing the fuse designed for a larger protection current than 6.3 and will not lead to positive results. The fuse will still be over.
Search in BP faulty electrolytic capacitors
Very often, the power supply failure is, and as a result, the unstable work of the computer as a whole occurs due to the swelling of the housings of electrolytic capacitors. To protect against an explosion, on the end of electrolytic capacitors, there are noise. With an increase in pressure inside the capacitor, bloody or rupture of the case at the point of arrogance and on this basis it is easy to find a failed condenser. The main reason for the failure of capacitors is their overheating due to the fault of the cooler or exceeding the allowable voltage.
The photo shows that the condenser located on the left side is flat, and the right - swollen, with traces of leaked electrolyte. Such a capacitor failed and is subject to replacement. In the power supply, electrolytic capacitors are usually faced with a +5 V power bus, as they are installed with a small voltage reserve, only 6.3 V. met cases when all capacitors in the power supply in the chain chain were swollen.
When replacing capacitors on the supply chain 5, I recommend installing capacitors, which are not calculated on the voltage of non-mea than 10 V. Than more voltage is calculated by the capacitor, the better, the main thing is that the dimensions fit into place of installation. In case the capacitor with a large voltage does not fit due to size, you can set a capacitor of a smaller capacity, but calculated for more voltage. All the same, the capacitance of the capacitors installed at the plant has a large stock and such a replacement will not worsen the operation of the power supply and computer as a whole.
It makes no sense to replace electrolytic capacitors in the power supply if they are all swept away. This means that the scheme of stabilization of the output voltage has failed, and a voltage exceeds permissible to the capacitors. Such a power supply can be repaired, only having a vocational education and measuring instruments, but economically such a repair is not appropriate.
The main thing when repairing BP is not forgetting that electrolytic capacitors have polarity. On the side of the negative conclusion on the capacitor case, there is marking, as a wide bright vertical strip, as shown in the photo above. On the printed circuit board, the hole for negative condenser output is located in the marking zone of white (black) semicircle or a hole for a positive output is indicated by the "+" sign.
Checking choke of group stabilization BP ATH
If it suddenly smelled from the system block of the computer, then one of the reasons may be overheating of the group stabilization choke or the burned winding of one of the coolers. At the same time, the computer usually continues to work normally. If, after opening the system unit and inspection, all coolers rotate, it means that the throttle is defective. The computer must immediately turn off and repair.
The photo shows a computer with a lid-removed, in the center of which the choke is visible covered with an insulation of green, burnt over. When I connected this BP to the load and filed a supply voltage on it, a thin stream of smoke went from the choke after a couple of minutes. The check showed that all output voltages in the tolerance and scope of ripples do not exceed the permissible one.
Through the throttle passes the current of all the power supply of the stress and it is obvious that there was a violation of the insulation of the windings of the windings as a result of which they jerked together.
The windings can be rewinded on the same core, but as a result of a strong heating, the core magnetodielectric may lose goodness, as a result, due to the high currents, Foucault will be heated even with integer windings. Therefore, I recommend installing a new choke. If there is no analog, then it is necessary to calculate the coils of the windings, winding them on the burnt choke, and to wind the insulated wire on the new core. At the same time, you need to observe the direction of the windings.
Checking other elements of BP
Resistors and simple capacitors should not have darkens and Nagarov. The semiconductor enclosures must be integer, without chipping and cracks. With independent repair, it is advisable to replace only the elements displayed on the structural scheme. If the paint darkened on the resistor, or the transistor collapsed, then it is meaningless, since, most likely this is a consequence of the failure of other elements that cannot be detected without instruments. The darkened body of the resistor does not always indicate its malfunction. It is quite possible just darkened paint only, and resistance to the resistor is normal.
Handbook in format.chm. The author of this file - Kucheryavhenko Pavel Andreevich. Most of the source documents were taken from the Pinouts.ru website - brief descriptions and cuts of more than 1000 connectors, cables, adapters. Descriptions of tires, slots, interfaces. Not only computer equipment, but also cell phones, GPS receivers, audio, photo and video equipment, game consoles, etc. Technique.
The program is designed to determine the capacitance of the condenser in color marking (12 types of capacitors).
Database for transistors in Access format.
Power supplies.
Wiring for ATX Standard Power Connectors (ATX12V) with Nominal Wiring and Color Marking:
Table of contacts of the 24-pin power supply unit connector ATX standard (ATX12V) with ratings and color marking of wires
| CONT | Own | Color | Description | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | 3.3V. | Orange | +3.3 VDC. | |
| 2 | 3.3V. | Orange | +3.3 VDC. | |
| 3 | Com. | The black | Land | |
| 4 | 5V | Red | +5 VDC. | |
| 5 | Com. | The black | Land | |
| 6 | 5V | Red | +5 VDC. | |
| 7 | Com. | The black | Land | |
| 8 | Pwr_ok. | Grey | Power OK - all voltages within the normal range. This signal is formed when the BP is turned on and is used to reset the motherboard. | |
| 9 | 5VSB. | Purple | +5 VDC standby voltage | |
| 10 | 12V | Yellow | +12 VDC. | |
| 11 | 12V | Yellow | +12 VDC. | |
| 12 | 3.3V. | Orange | +3.3 VDC. | |
| 13 | 3.3V. | Orange | +3.3 VDC. | |
| 14 | -12V. | Blue | -12 VDC. | |
| 15 | Com. | The black | Land | |
| 16 | / PS_ON. | Green | POWER SUPPLY ON. To turn on the power supply, you need to shorten this contact to the ground (with a black wire). | |
| 17 | Com. | The black | Land | |
| 18 | Com. | The black | Land | |
| 19 | Com. | The black | Land | |
| 20 | -5V. | White | -5 VDC (this voltage is used very rarely, mainly to power the old extension boards.) | |
| 21 | + 5V. | Red | +5 VDC. | |
| 22 | + 5V. | Red | +5 VDC. | |
| 23 | + 5V. | Red | +5 VDC. | |
| 24 | Com. | The black | Land |
Typical Power Block Scheme for 450W with Active Power Factor Correction (PFC) Modern Computers.
Typical power supply diagram for 300W marked with functional purpose separate parts schemes.
API3PCD2-Y01 450W APBEL Electronic (Dongguan) CO. Ltd.
Power supply diagram API4PC01-000 400W manufactured by AcBel Politech Ink.
Alim ATX 250Watt SMEV J.M. power supply circuit. 2002.
ATX-300P4-PFC power supply circuit (ATX-310T 2.03).
ATX-P6 power supply circuit.
ATX 250 SG6105, IW-P300A2 power supply circuits, and 2 schemes of unknown origin.
BP CHIEFTEC TECHNOLOGY 350W GPS-350EB-101A scheme.
CHIEFTEC TECHNOLOGY 350W GPS-350FB-101A Diagram of BP.
Chieftec CTG-350-80P, CTG-400-80P, CTG-450-80P and CTG-500-80P
CHIEFTEC CFT-370-P12S, CFT-430-P12S, CFT-460-P12S, CFT-460-P12S
CHIEFTEC 400W IARENA GPA-400S8 Power Supplies Scheme
BP circuit Chieftec 500W GPS-500AB-A.
Circuit BP Chieftec Technology GPA500S 500W Model Gpaxy-Zz Series.
CHIEFTEC CFT-500A-12S power supply block diagram, CFT-560A-12S, CFT-620A-12S
CHIEFTEC 550W APS-550S Power Supplies Scheme
CHIEFTEC 650W GPS-650B-A and CHIEFTEC 650W CFT-650A-12B
CHIEFTEC 650W CTB-650S Power Supplies Scheme
CHIEFTEC 650W CTB-650S Power Block Scheme CPB-650S Marking: NO-720A Rev-A1
CHIEFTEC 750W APS-750C Power Supplies Scheme
CHIEFTEC 750W CTG-750C Power Supplies Scheme
CHIEFTEC CFT-600-14CS, CFT-700-14CS, CFT-750-14CS, CFT-750-14CS
CHIEFTEC 850W CFT-850G-DF Power Block Scheme
CHIEFTEC 1000W CFT-1000G-DF power supply block diagram and chieftec 1200w CFT-1200G-DF
BP NUITEK (Colors IT) 330U (SG6105).
BP Nuitek (Colors IT) 330U on the SG6105 microcircuit.
BP NUITEK (Colors IT) 350U SCH.
BP Nuitek (Colors IT) 350T scheme.
BP NUITEK (Colors IT) 400U scheme.
Scheme BP Nuitek (Colors IT) 500T.
BP Nuitek (Colors IT) Scheme ATX12V-13 600T (Colors-IT - 600T - PSU, 720W, Silent, ATX)
Codegen 250W MOD circuit. 200xa1 MOD. 250xa1.
BP Codegen 300W MOD Scheme. 300x.
CWT Model PUH400W BP Scheme.
DELL 145W SA145-3436 Power Block Scheme
Dell 160W PS-5161-7DS Power Supply Scheme
DELL 230W PS-5231-2DS-LF power supply circuit (Liteon Electronics L230N-00)
DELL 250W PS-5251-2DFS Power Supply Scheme
DELL 280W PS-5281-5DF-LF Power Supplial Scheme Model L280P-01
Dell 305W PS-631-2DF2-LF Power Supplial Scheme Model L305-00
DELL 350W PS-6351-1DFS PS-6351-1DFS Power Scheme Model L350P-00
List of power supply parts Dell 350W PS-6351-1DFS Model L350P-00
DELTA ELECTRONICS INC. Model DPS-260-2A.
DELTA 450W GPS-450AA-101A Power Block Scheme
Delta DPS-470 AB A 500W Power Block Scheme
DTK PTP-1358 power supply unit circuit.
DTK PTP-1503 150W Power Block Scheme
DTK PTP-1508 150W Power Block Scheme
BP DTK PTP-1568 scheme.
DTK PTP-2001 200W BP Scheme.
DTK PTP-2005 200W BP Scheme.
DTK Computer BP Scheme Model PTP-2007 (it is Macron Power Co. model ATX 9912)
DTK PTP-2007 200W BP Scheme.
DTK PTP-2008 200W BP Scheme.
DTK PTP-2028 230W BP scheme.
BP DTK PTP-2038 200W scheme.
DTK PTP-2068 200W Power Block Scheme
DTK COMPUTER Model 3518 200W BP Diagram.
DTK DTK PTP-3018 230W BP Scheme.
DTK PTP-2538 250W Power Block Scheme
DTK PTP-2518 250W Power Supply Scheme
DTK PTP-2508 250W Power Block Scheme
DTK PTP-2505 250W Power Supply Scheme
Scheme of EC MODEL 200X.
FSP GROUP Inc. Model FSP145-60SP.
FSP GROUP INC Power Supply Source Scheme ATX-300GTF model.
FSP GROUP INC Power Supply Source Scheme Model FSP Epsilon FX 600 GLN.
Scheme of BP Green Tech. Model MAV-300W-P4.
HiPer HPU-4K580 power supply circuits. The archive is a file in the SPL format (for SPLAN) and 3 files in GIF format - simplified schema: Power Factor Corrector, PWM and power chain, autogenerator. If you have nothing to view files.spl, use patterns in the form of drawings in format.gif - they are the same.
INWIN IW-P300A2-0 R1.2 power supply circuits.
Power block diagrams inwin IW-P300A3-1 Powerman.
The most common malfunction of the inwin power supply blocks, the schemes of which are presented above - failure of the diagram of formation of the duty voltage + 5VSB (duty). As a rule, it is required to replace the electrolytic capacitor C34 10 MCF X 50V and the protective stabilion D14 (6-6.3 V). In the worst case, R54, R9, R37, microcircuit U3 (SG6105 or IW1688 (full analog SG6105)) are added to the faulty elements (SG6105)) for the experiment, tried to put the C34 with a capacity of 22-47 microfa - perhaps it will increase the reliability of the duty room.
Powerman IP-P550DJ2-0 Power Block Scheme (IP-DJ Rev: 1.51). Available in the document forming scheme of the duty voltage is used in many other models of POWER MAN power supplies (for many power supplies with a capacity of 350W and 550W differences only in the nominal elements).
JNC Computer Co. Ltd LC-B250ATX
JNC Computer Co. Ltd. SY-300ATX Power Supply Scheme
Presumably manufacturer JNC Computer Co. Ltd. SY-300ATX power supply. The scheme is drawn by hand, comments and recommendations on improvement.
Power Supply Schemes Key Mouse Electroniks Co Ltd Model PM-230W
Power Supply L & C Technology Co. LC-A250ATX model
Power block diagram Liteon PE-5161-1 135W.
Liteon PA-1201-1 200W Power Supply Scheme (Full BP Documentation Kit)
Liteon PS-5281-7VW 280W Power Supply Scheme (Full BP Documentation Kit)
Power Supply Scheme Liteon PS-5281-7VR1 280W (Full BP Documentation Kit)
Power Supply Scheme Liteon PS-5281-7VR 280W (Full BP Documentation Kit)
LWT2005 Power Supply Schemes on KA7500B and LM339N chip
M-Tech Kob AP4450XA BP scheme.
BP Macron Power Co. Scheme ATX 9912 model (it is DTK Computer model PTP-2007)
BP MaxPower PX-300W Scheme
Maxpower PC ATX SMPS PX-230W VER.2.03
PowerLink power supply circuits Model LP-J2-18 300W.
Power Master Power Power Schemes Model LP-8 VER 2.03 230W (AP-5-E V1.1).
Power Master Power Power Schemes Model FA-5-2 VER 3.2 250W.
MICROLAB 350W BP Scheme
MICROLAB 400W BP Scheme
POWERLINK LPJ2-18 300W BP Scheme
POWERLINK LPK, LPQ
Power Efficiency Electronic Co Ltd Model PE-050187
ROLSEN ATX-230 BP Scheme
Scheme SEVENTEAM ST-200HRK
BP Scheme Seventeam ST-230WHF 230Watt
Scheme BP Seventeam ATX2 V2
SIRTEC INTERNATIONAL CO Scheme. Ltd. HPC-360-302 DF Rev: C0 archived document in format.pdf
SIRTEC HIGHPOWER HPC-420-302 420W Power Supply Scheme
SIRTEC HIGHPOWER HP-500-G14C 500W BP Scheme
SIRTEC INTERNATIONAL CO Scheme. Ltd. NO-672S. 850W. Sirtec Highpower Rocksolid Power Supplies were sold under the Chieftec CFT-850G-DF brand.
SHIDO Power Supply Schemes Model LP-6100 250W.
SUNNY TECHNOLOGIES CO BP. LTD ATX-230
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IN modern world The development and obsolescence of component personal computers occurs very quickly. At the same time, one of the main components of the PC - ATX form factor - practically did not change its design for the last 15 years.
Consequently, the power supply and the superior game computer, and the old office PC work in the same principle, have general techniques Diagnostics of faults.
The material set forth in this article can be applied to any power supply unit with a minimum of nuances.
A typical diagram of the ATX power supply is shown in the figure. Structurally, it is a classic pulse unit on the TL494 PHI controller, starting at the PS-ON signal (Power Switch ON) from the motherboard. All the rest of the time, while the PS-ON output is tightened to the mass, only the standby power supply is active (Standby Supply) with a voltage of +5 V at the output.
Consider the structure of the ATX power supply. Its first element is
:
Its task is to convert the AC from the power grid to constant to power the PWM controller and the duty power supply. Structurally, it consists of the following elements:
- Fuse F1 Protects the wiring and the power supply itself from the overload during the failure of the BP, leading to a sharp increase in current consumption and, as a result, to a critical increase in temperature capable of leading to a fire.
- In the "Neutral" circuit, a protective thermistor is installed, which reduces the surge surge at the power supply on the network.
- Next, an interference filter is installed, consisting of several chokes ( L1, L2.), capacitors ( C1, C2, C3, C4) and throttle with counter winding TR1.. The need for the presence of such a filter is due to a significant level of interference that the pulse block transfers to the power supply - these interferences are not only captured by television and radio receivers, but in some cases they can lead to improper operation of sensitive equipment.
- The filter is mounted a diode bridge that performs the transform of AC into the pulsating permanent. Pulsation is smoothed by a capacitive inductive filter.
Source of duty - This is a low-powerful independent pulsed transistor-based transistor T11, which generates pulses, through a separation transformer and a single-alpapid rectifier on a D24 diode. Cutting low-power voltage integrated stabilizer on a chip 7805. This scheme is although it is called, a time proven, but its significant disadvantage is high voltage drop on the 7805 stabilizer, with large load leading to overheating. For this reason, damage in chains driven from the duty source can lead to the failure of it and the subsequent inability to turn on the computer.
The basis of the impulse converter is Shim controller. This abbreviation has already been mentioned several times, but not decrypted. PWM is a latitude-impulse modulation, that is, a change in the duration of voltage pulses during their constant amplitude and frequency. The task of the PWM block based on the specialized chip TL494 or its functional analogues is the transformation of a constant voltage to the pulses of the corresponding frequency, which after the separation transformer smoothes output filters. Stabilization of stresses at the output of the pulse converter is carried out by adjusting the pulse duration generated by the PWM controller.
The skill starts the power supply without a computer and the motherboard can be useful not only to system administrators, but also by regular users. When problems with PC occur, it is important to check for the performance of its individual parts. With this task, you can cope with any person. How to turn on bp?
How to turn on the power supply without a computer (without motherboard)
Previously, there were power supplies (abbreviated BP) AT standard, which started directly. With modern devices ATH, such a focus will not work. To do this, you will need a small wire or ordinary stationery clip to close the contacts on the plug.
Left - plug for 24 contacts, right - older plug for 20 contacts
Modern ATX is used in modern computers. There are two types of connections for it. The first, older, has 20 plug contacts, the second - 24. To start the power supply, you need to know which contacts to close. Most often it is a green contact PS_ON and black ground contact.
Note! In some "Chinese" versions of BP, the colors of the wires are confused, so it is better to get acquainted with the scheme of contacts (pinout) before starting work.
Step-by-step instruction
So, when you got acquainted with the location of the wires, you can start starting.
Gently pull off the BP from the system unit
Connect to the power supply something to create a load, for example, Winchester
Carefully compare the location of the contacts on its plug and in the scheme
Make a jumper
The operation of any computer is not possible without a power supply. Therefore, it is serious about choosing. After all, from the stable and reliable operation of the BP will depend on the efficiency of the computer itself.
What it is
The main task of the power supply is the transformation of AC and the further formation of the required voltage, for the normal operation of all components of the PC.
Voltage required for the operation of components:
- + 12V;
- + 3.3V.
In addition to these declared values, there is additional values:
- -12V;
BP acts as a galvanic junction between electric shock From the outlet and components consuming current. A simple example, if the current leakage occurred and the person touched the body of the system unit would hit it, but this does not occur due to the power supply. The power sources (IP) of the ATX format are often used.
Overview of power sources
The main part of the PI structural scheme, ATX format is a semi-seater converter. The operation of this type of converters is to use a two-stroke mode.
The stabilization of the output parameters of the PI is carried out by using a pulse modulation (PWM controller) of control signals.
In pulsed power sources, the TL494 PWM controller chi-controller is often used, which has a number of positive properties:
- acceptable operating characteristics of the chip. This is a small launcher, speed;
- the presence of universal internal elements protection;
- ease of use.
Simple impulse BP
The principle of working ordinary pulse BP can be seen in the photo.
The first unit changes the alternating current into a permanent one. The converter is made in the form of a diode bridge, which converts the voltage, and the condenser, smoothing the oscillation.
In addition to these elements, even additional components may be present: voltage filter and thermistors. But, due to the high cost, these components may be absent.
The generator creates pulses with a certain frequency that feed the transformer winding. The transformer performs the main work in BP, it is an electroplating and current conversion to the required values.
Video: Principle of work PWM Controller BP
ATH without correction of the coefficient
Simple pulse BP though working deviceBut in practice it is inconvenient to use it. Many of its parameters at the output "float", including voltage. All these indicators are changed due to unstable voltage, temperature and converter output load.
But if you manage these indicators using the controller, which will perform the role of the stabilizer and additional functions, the scheme will be quite suitable for use.
The BP structural scheme using the latitude-pulse modulation controller is simple and represents the pulse generator on the PWM controller.
The PWM controller adjusts the amplitude of the changes to the signals passing through the low frequency filter (FNH). The main advantage is the high performance of power amplifiers and ample opportunities to use.
ATC with power factor correction
In the new power sources for the PC, an additional block appears - power factor corrector (CM). KKM removes the emerging errors of the AC bridge rectifier and increases the power factor (km).
Therefore, manufacturers are actively manufactured by BP with mandatory correction of KM. This means that the IP on the computer will operate in the range from 300W and more.
In these BP, a special choke with inductance is higher than at the entrance. Such an IP is called PFC or passive KKM. It has an impressive weight due to the additional use of capacitors at the rectifier output.
From the shortcomings, you can highlight the low reliability of the IP and incorrect work with the UPS during the switching mode of the "Battery / Network" mode.
This is due to the small capacity of the network voltage filter and at the time of the voltage drop rises the CCM current, and at this moment turns on short-circuit protection.
On a two-channel PWM controller
Frequently used in modern power sources for computer two-channel PWM controllers. The only chip is capable of performing the role of a converter and a CM corrector, which reduces the total number of elements in the BP scheme.
In the diagram, the first part performs the formation of a stabilized voltage + 38B, and the second part is a converter that forms a stabilized voltage + 12V.
Computer power supply circuit
To connect the power supply to a computer, a series of consecutive actions should be performed:
Constructive features
To connect components of a personal computer, various connectors are provided on the BP. On the back of it is the connector under the network cable and the switch button.
In addition, it may be still on the rear wall of the BP and the monitor connector.
In various models there may be other connectors:
In modern power sources for PC less often install a fan on the rear wall, which pulled out hot air from bp. In replacements, this decision began to use the fan on the upper wall, which was more and worked quieter.
On some models it is possible to meet two fans at once. From the wall, which is located inside the system unit, leaves a wire with a special connector for supplying current to the motherboard. The photo shows the possible connectors of the connection and the designation of contacts.
Each color of the wire gives a certain voltage:
- yellow - +12 V;
- red - +5 V;
- orange - +3.3 V;
- black - grounding.
Different manufacturers may change values \u200b\u200bfor these colors of wires.
There are also connectors for supplying current to computer components.
Parameters and characteristics
The personal computer's PC has many parameters that may not be specified in the documentation. On the side label, several parameters are specified - this is voltage and power.
Power - basic indicator
This information is written on a label with a large font. The power indicator of the BP indicates the total amount of electricity available for internal components.
It would seem that to choose BP with the required power will be sufficient to sum up the consumed performance components and select BP with a small margin. Therefore, a big difference between 200W and 250W will not be significant.
But in fact, the situation looks more difficult, because the output voltage can be different - + 12V, -12V and others. Each voltage line consumes certain power. But in the BP there is one transformer, which generates all the voltages used by the PC. In rare cases, two transformers can be placed. This is an expensive option and is used as a source on servers.
In the simple BP used 1 transformer. Because of this, the power on the voltage lines may vary, increase at low load on other lines and on the contrary to decrease.
Operating tension
When choosing a BP, pay attention to the maximum values \u200b\u200bof operating stresses, as well as the range of incoming stresses, it must be from 110V to 220V.
True, most of the users do not pay their attention and choosing BP with indicators from 220V to 240V risks to the appearance of frequent PC shutdowns.
Such a power plant will turn off when the voltage falls, which are not uncommon for our electrical grids. Exploding the stated indicators will turn off the PC, protection will work. To turn on the back of the BP will have to turn it off from the network and wait a minute.
It should be remembered that the processor and the video card consumes the most operating voltage in 12V. Therefore, it is necessary to pay attention to these indicators. Before reducing the load on the connectors, the line 12B is separated by a pair of parallel with the designation + 12V1 and + 12V2. These indicators must be indicated on the label.
Before you choose to purchase BP, you should pay attention to the power consumed by the internal components of the PC.
But some video cards require a special current consumed + 12V and these indicators should be considered when choosing a BP. Usually for a PC in which one video card is installed, a source with a power of 500W or 600 is enough.
It should also be found with the reviews of buyers and reviews of specialists about the selected model, and the company's manufacturer. The best parameters to be paid attention to is: power, quiet operation, quality and compliance with written characteristics on the label.
It should not save at the same time, because the work of the entire PC will depend on the work of the BP. Therefore, the more qualitative and more reliable source, the longer the computer will serve. The user can be sure that he made the right choice and does not worry about the sudden shutdowns from his PC.
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