What bearings does a bicycle have for a carriage? Bicycle carriages. Likbez for compatibility
Like any complex mechanism, consisting of many parts that are subject to natural wear during operation, as well as various damage due to falling, from time to time it requires replacement of components. And given the fact that a modern bicycle is, in fact, a designer, sometimes you have to spend hours searching the Internet for data on the compatibility of certain components. The staff of the bicycle shop Velobazar.com decided to make it easier for you and write a series of articles about various standards and component compatibility. The first swallow is an article about the most common types of bicycle carriages and connecting rods, as well as the compatibility of these components.
This article is also a reaction to a fairly frequent dialogue between the seller (Prod.) And the buyer (Pok.):
Pok .: Good afternoon. My backlash / creaks / knocks / broken (underline as necessary) carriage. I want to buy a new one.
Prod .: Hello. Which carriage do you need?
Pok .: Normal ...
To the surprise of many buyers, there are many standards quite common bicycle carriages with a large number of sizes, although in the case of such a dialogue in 70% of cases it turns out that we need a carriage with a BSA thread, square, size 68x123 mm.
By design, carriages are collapsible (a cone-cup system with ball bearings (usually placed in a cage) and collapsible, assembled on closed type industrial bearings. Carriages on industrial bearings have much better dust protection and, as a result, a significantly longer service life. The "indiscriminate" carriages declared by the manufacturer in some cases is very doubtful, but this is not the topic of this article.
Connecting rods. Standards
The type of carriage mounted on the bike depends on both the frame of the bike and the connecting rod system. The most common connecting rod standards are:
1. Cranks under wedges. The standard used in older bikes as well as in the cheapest modern bikes. The connecting rods are put on the shaft and fixed with wedges. The advantage of this standard is the low cost of the components, and the disadvantage is the very low rigidity of the fastening, as a result of which the wedges and seats are broken and frequent replacement of components is required.
2. Connecting rods in a square. This is probably the most common type of connecting rods on modern bikes low and medium price range. The connecting rod has a square bore with slightly beveled corners and is pressed onto the carriage shaft. The shaft itself has the shape of a truncated pyramid and expands closer to the frame. Depending on the connecting rod model, a carriage with different shaft lengths may be required. From the Shimano assortment in Ukraine, Shimano BB-UN26 carriages with a square shaft from 110 to 127 mm in length are available.
3. Shimano Octalink. There are 2 different standards: Octalink V1 and Octalink V2. The Octalink V1 carriage has 8 slots 5 mm long and 2 mm wide, and the Octalink V2 also has 8 slots, but their length is 9 mm and their width is 2.8 mm. To date, Octalink V1 standard cranks are not manufactured, and Octalink V2 standard cranks are not supplied to Ukraine as a spare part, but only mounted on finished bikes. The official Shimano supplier in Ukraine supplies Shimano BB-ES25 Octalink V2 standard carriages. The most famous manufacturers of connecting rods of this standard are Shimano, FSA and Ritchey. The length of the carriage shaft is selected for a specific connecting rod model.
Below is a table for selecting the length of the carriage shaft for current models of connecting rods for square and Octalink V2.
4. ISIS. Shortly after Shimano launched the Octalink standard, Race Face developed an open standard, ISIS (also supported by Truvativ, FSA) to counterbalance it. This standard also provides for a spline connection of the carriage with the connecting rods, but the shape and number of splines are different from the previous standard. Cranks and carriages of this standard are manufactured (or manufactured) by Controltech, FSA, Gusset, RaceFace and Truvativ. A feature of this standard is the same shaft length for all connecting rod systems: if you need a 48.5 mm chainline, you need to install a carriage with a 113 mm shaft. By installing a carriage with a shaft length of 118 mm, you will increase the chainline by 2.5 mm.
5. Truvativ PowerSpline. Variations on the theme of splined joints from Truvativ. Carriages of this standard have a larger number of slots (12 slots versus 10) and a smaller shaft diameter than ISIS. The carriage is compatible with two connecting rod systems - IsoFlow and FiveD.
6. Truvativ Howitzer. Another option for splined connection. Externally, the seats on the connecting rods are similar to ISIS, but these two standards are not compatible with each other. Truvativ Howitzer carriages have external bearings and a separate axle. Due to such a structural change, greater rigidity of the joint is achieved.
7. Integrated axis. There are several standards for connecting rods with an integrated axis, the features of which will be described below. A common feature is integrated into one of the connecting rods.
This is the first standard of connecting rods in which the axis of the carriage (increased to 24 mm in diameter) is pressed into the right connecting rod. This design, in combination with a carriage with an increased bearing diameter, reduces the weight of the connecting rod-carriage system and also increases the rigidity of the connection. The left connecting rod is put on the splines of the shaft, attracted by a plastic clamping bolt and fixed with two bolts located perpendicular to the axis of rotation.
To date, all Shimano connecting rods of the Deore series and higher (for road bikes - Sora and higher), as well as some non-serial models and models for extreme riding - Saint and Zee are made according to this standard.
In general, the Hollowtech II standard repeats - the same axis and remote carriage cups integrated into the right connecting rod. The carriages and connecting rods of the FSA Mega EXO and Shimano Hollowtech II standards are mostly compatible with each other (the exception is the FSA connecting rods with a 19 mm axle, for example the FSA Omega).
There are 2 types of mounting of the left connecting rod: as can be seen in the installation diagram, the first type completely repeats the design of the Japanese, in the second case, the connecting rod is simply attracted to the carriage shaft without additional fixing bolts located perpendicular to the axis of rotation.
The author of the article received reviews of people who used both types of fasteners, which stated that the second type is much less reliable and sometimes, under heavy load, damage to the thread into which the clamp bolt is screwed.
An analogue of the previous two standards from the Canadian company RaceFace. In order to differ, the axis is integrated not in the right, but in the left connecting rod. The right one is installed in the same way as the FSA second mounting option. Rods and carriages are fully compatible with components from Shimano and FSA.
7.4 Truvativ GXP (Giga-X-Pipe). In general, this standard is very similar to the previous three, but is not compatible with them. The shaft diameter is also 24 mm, but the shaft itself is stepped, which is why bearings with different inner diameters are used in the carriage (24 mm on the right and 22 mm on the left). Rods and carriages of this standard are not compatible with similar products from other manufacturers. The left connecting rod is put on the shaft and is attracted by a clamping bolt.
In 2007, Campagnolo introduced its own standard connecting rod with integrated axle. In this standard, the axis is divided into 2 parts, which are pressed into the left and right connecting rod. When installing the half axis are pulled together and cling to each other with teeth.
7.6 BB30. Although the BB30 is a standard carriage assembly developed by Cannondale, it will nevertheless be worthwhile to consider in the chapter on connecting rod standards, since these cranks require connecting rod systems that are not compatible with anything else. These connecting rods also have an integrated axis, but its diameter is much larger - 30 mm. Such a change made it possible to produce axles not of steel, but of aluminum, thereby significantly reducing weight without loss of strength. Another useful feature of this standard is the reduction of the Q-factor of the connecting rods (the distance between the planes in which the mounting holes of the pedals are located).
There are still various exotic standards, but, due to their low prevalence, we will not consider them in this article.
Many believe that all threaded carriage assemblies are the same, but this is far from the case. On the site of the Great and Mighty Sheldon Brown, you can see 7 different thread standards. Here we consider only the most common:
1. English carving (BSA or I.S.O.). The thread size is 1.37 "x24 tpi. The width of the carriage assembly is 68 or 73 mm for mountain and cross-country bikes and 68 mm for road bikes (also there are 83 mm carriage assemblies for extreme bicycles and 100 mm for fat bikes). The left cup has a right-hand thread, and the right one is left-handed. Most modern bicycles use this particular thread standard. Under this standard, carriages are made for all connecting rods of types No. 1 to No. 7.5.
2. Italian carving (ITA, italian). Thread M36x24 tpi. The width of the carriage assembly is 70 mm. Both carriage cups have right-hand thread. There are carriages for the same standards as in the case of BSA, but they are less common and it is more difficult to find these components.
3. French carving. 35 mm x 1 mm (25.4 tpi). The width of the carriage assembly is 68 mm. Both cups have right-hand thread. Such a standard is found in old steel frames, nowadays it is very difficult to find carriages of the corresponding standard. But you can contact bicycle workshop in which this thread is cut to BSA standard.
4. Swiss carving. As in the French standard carriage assembly, a thread of 35 mm x 1 mm (25.4 tpi) is used. The width of the carriage assembly is also 68 mm. The only difference is that the left cup has a right-handed thread and the right one has a left-handed thread. Also, as with French carvings, with a tool, it is possible to re-cut the threads to BSA standard.
In recent years, high-end bicycles have increasingly begun to encounter carriage assemblies that have no thread. The carriages are simply pressed into such frames. We know 9 standards of such frames. Below is an image with the sizes of carriage units of various standards.
1. BB92. Standard for Shimano and compatible MTB bike connecting rods. Width 89.5 or 92 mm. It is compensated by a 2.5 mm spacer ring supplied with the carriage.
2. BB86. Standard for Shimano and compatible road bike connecting rods.
3. BB30. An open standard developed by Cannondale. Cranks with a 30 mm integrated axle are used. Bearings are pressed into the frame.
4. PF30. Cranks with a 30 mm axle are also used. Cups are pressed into the frame into which bearings are inserted.
5. BBRight. Structurally, it is an analogue of the two previous standards, but the carriage assembly has a larger width and asymmetric shape. By design, the BBRight Direct Fit follows the BB30 standard, and the BBRight Press Fit follows the PF30.
6. 386Evo. Wider version of the PF30.
7. BB90 / BB95. Standard with bearings pressed directly into the frame. Designed to work with 24 mm axles. Width - 90 or 95 mm.
In some cases, if the standard of the frame and the carriage / connecting rods do not match, it is really impossible to make friends with them. But for some pairs of carriages and carriage assemblies, there are adapters, thanks to which, acquiring a new frame, you do not have to buy new connecting rods, but just install the appropriate adapter. For example, in the image on the left you can see the adapter from the carriage assembly of the BB30 standard, which allows you to install a carriage with a BSA thread manufactured by FSA.
Having spent several days searching the Internet for various adapters and carriages, the staff of the Velobazar.com store compiled a summary table of compatibility of various standards of frames and connecting rods. In the corresponding cells you can see the fields "full compatibility", "compatible after thread re-cutting", "compatible via adapter" and "not compatible". If everything is clear with the first three options, the fourth requires clarification: the “incompatible” field can mean both structural incompatibility due to the greater width of the frame carriage unit than the shaft length, and the fact that we could not find the corresponding adapters. If you have information that differs from this table, please contact us and we will add your data to it.
But if you do not want to delve into all these compatibility, you can always contact our consultants and we will be happy to help you.
The homemade carriage on the bike I assembled consisted of an axle and two 203x bearings driven tightly into the frame. There were times :) Now the carriage has become much more complicated. Let's try to deal with this tricky thing.
A bottom bracket is a bicycle assembly that allows the system to be connected to the frame and rotate freely using bearings (usually cartridge). The carriage is screwed in or pressed into the carriage glass of the frame.
Separately, eccentric carriages can be distinguished - they can be displaced in the carriage glass of the frame in order to tension the chain on single speed or on a bicycle c. They require a special frame.
Integrated carriages
They are part of an integrated system. They are two cups with bearings pressed into them, screwed into the carriage glass of the frame. Bearings in this case, as a rule, are located outside the carriage cup, and the axis is pressed into one of the connecting rods and has a greater thickness, which ensures high rigidity of the assembly. The cups are interconnected with a plastic or aluminum spacer that provides preloading of the bearings and protection against dirt.
Road and mountain carriages, as a rule, are incompatible with each other, even from one manufacturer.
Integrated Carriage Standards:
- Compatible with Shimano:
- Shimano Hollowtech II
- Raceface x-type
- Token
- Chris king
- FSA Mega Exo
- Compatible with SRAM, Truvativ, Bontrager:
- GXP (GigaX Pipe)
- Hope (via proprietary adapter)
- Chris King (via proprietary adapter)
- Campagnolo Ultra-Torque.
Non-integrated carriages
They include the axis on which the connecting rods are pressed, and a set of bearings located inside the carriage of the frame. They are divided into two categories:
- Cartridge - the axis and bearings are a single non-separable assembly.
- Collapsible - can be disassembled for cleaning, lubricating and replacing worn parts (used in old bicycles).
Non-integrated carriage standards:
- With wedge landing rods (in Soviet bicycles).
- Under the square (square taper) - the standard somewhat "floats" from various manufacturers.
SQR - squared connection
- With splined landing rods:
- Shimano Octalink v. 1
- Shimano Octalink v. 2
- Truvativ Powerspline
- Truvativ howitzer
- Truvativ HammerSchmidt
All of these standards are generally incompatible with each other.
Types of carriages according to the used carriage glass
Threaded fit
Depending on the carriage glass of the frame, carriages are divided into the following types (most common):
- English thread (BSA, 1.37 in x 24 TPI) is the most common standard. Options depending on the length of the glass:
- 68 mm - the most common
- 73 mm - used in a number of mountain bike models,
- 83 mm - for extreme disciplines,
- 100 mm - fat bikes.
- With Italian thread (BSC, 36 mm x 24 TPI), cup length 70 mm - used in old road bikes. Until now (2013) Campagnolo is used.
- With French / Swiss thread M35 × 1 - used in Soviet bicycles.
Press fit
Recently, integrated systems such as the BB30 / Press-fit are gaining ground. A design feature - bearings are pressed directly into the frame (plastic cups can be used), an aluminum axis with a diameter of 30 mm is inserted through them (instead of a steel diameter of 24 mm). This promises a further increase in the rigidity of the node with some weight reduction. On the other hand, tools for replacing bearings are noticeably more expensive than conventional carriage pullers.
Classic Press fit for BB30 standard systems with 30 mm axis:
- BB30: cup inner diameter 42 mm, cup width 68 mm for highways or 73 mm for MTB, bearings without cups.
- Press fit 30 (PF30): cup inner diameter 46 mm, cup width 68 mm for highway or 73 mm for MTB, cup bearings.
- Press-fit carriages for standard systems with a 24 mm steel axis:
- BB90 / 95: cup inner diameter 37 mm, cup width 90.5 or 95.5 mm, bearings without cups.
- BB86 / 92: cup inner diameter 41 mm, cup width 86.5 or 91.5 mm, cup bearings.
- Unique standards requiring their own system with an axis of 30 mm:
- BBright Direct Fit: cup inner diameter 42 mm, cup width 79 mm, bearings without cups.
- BBright Press Fit: cup inner diameter 46 mm, cup width 79 mm, cup bearings.
- 386 EVO: cup inner diameter 46 mm, cup width 86.5 mm, cup bearings.
Features of carriage selection
- When buying an integrated carriage, as a rule, you only need to know its standard (that is, the manufacturer of the system) and the length of the carriage glass, and for the most common varieties of 68 and 73 mm with English thread, the same carriage is used.
- In the case of a non-integrated carriage, everything is much more complicated. The procedure is as follows:
- First, you need to find out the required standard of the carriage (square or one of the spline).
- Find out the type of carriage cup (length, type of thread), and depending on the length of the cup (usually 68 or 73 mm) different carriages are required!
- Refer to the manual for the front derailleur and find out the permissible chainline.
- Refer to the system manual and find out the required length of the carriage shaft.
- Find on sale a carriage of the required standard, for the desired length of the cup and with the required shaft length.
- If the front E-Type switch is used, then it is required to search for the non-integrated carriage of the corresponding variety, while all integrated ones are compatible with such switches initially.
Eccentric carriage
Allows you to use the drive without external gear shifting (single speed, planetary hub) in combination with conventional vertical frame dropouts. Such dropouts provide faster and more convenient installation of the wheel compared to horizontal. The eccentric carriage rotates in its seat, allowing you to tighten the chain, then is fixed with bolts and / or a union nut. On serial bikes, such carriages are rare, one of the most widespread examples is Strida. It is also usually mounted on tandems as a front carriage, which makes it possible to pull the synchronization chain.
Varieties:
- 54 mm standard - e.g. Bushnell Eccentric Bottom Bracket. It has a BSA thread for a standard carriage, requires a special frame with a seat diameter of 54 mm.
- 46 mm standard - installs in a standard Press Fit 30 standard frame. An integrated system (with 24 mm axis) installs directly into the carriage.
- BSA Standard - Installed in a standard frame with a BSA thread. An integrated system (with an axis of 24 mm) is installed directly in the carriage. Provides adjustment of chain length only within 1/2 of the link, requires use in conjunction with a half-link chain (half-link).
On http://www.bike-repair.ru it is described in great detail about the repair of carriages and how they can be removed and how. Let's deal with this issue.
Carriage Tools
To work with the carriage - cartridge, only a slotted key is needed. It is also useful for many collapsible carriages.
But on some collapsible carriages, instead of a slotted carriage, a different key is required -
And this may be required. You can do with the usual open-end wrench 36, or in extreme cases use an adjustable / gas wrench. The gas key must be used carefully - you can easily damage the frame.
On collapsible carriages, you will also need such a special key
Despite such a variety of required tools, the process of disassembling, installing and adjusting carriages of different types does not differ in variety. Just to perform the same operations on different carriages, you need different tools. The main difficulty in disassembling the carriage is not to forget that the left-hand thread is used on the right side. The second difficulty — especially aluminum frames — can take a very, very big effort to turn the cups away. At the same time, you must not allow the key to be broken - you can damage the bike parts or injure your hands. Therefore, it is better to stock up with keys with fairly long handles.
Removing the cartridge carriage and collapsible types
Before removing the carriage from the frame, it is necessary to remove both connecting rods from the axis of the carriage.
After this, the carriage should be cleaned of dirt, since the carriage assembly of the frame is one of the dirtiest places on the bicycle, which is usually difficult to wash until the connecting rods are removed. Particularly carefully you need to scrape dirt out of the slots of the cups - if there is a lot of dirt, then it is impossible to insert a puller into the cup.
0. When removing the carriage, you may have to make significant efforts. Therefore, the bike must be securely put. If it’s more convenient for you, you can turn it upside down.
We begin to remove the carriage on the left side, that is, where there are no stars.
1. On some carriages, a lock nut is screwed on the left side. It must be turned off special. key (if it is not, then it is possible and an ordinary family man). This nut has a right-hand thread. When turning away, you may have to make a significant effort. It is necessary to unscrew carefully, avoiding the key breaking - you can damage the nut.
If your carriage does not have such a nut, then go to step 2.
2. Now we take the key for the carriage (slotted or special, depending on the design of your carriage. The photographs show the slotted.), Insert it into the grooves, and turn the left adapter cup out of the frame with an adjustable wrench with a handle more authentic. She has the right thread. When turning away, you may have to make a significant effort.
We take out the left cup (together with the bearing, if the carriage is collapsible)
3. We pass to the right side of the bicycle (where there are asterisks). Again we take the carriage puller and the key with a long handle, insert it into the grooves, and turn the right cup out of the frame. She has left thread. When turning away, you may have to make a significant effort.
4. We take out the cartridge or the right cup with the axis.
The carriage is removed. Now you need to remove the bearings from the collapsible carriage (if they are not pressed into the cup), remove the old grease with a rag, and rinse all the parts in some kind of solvent (usually kerosene).
Cartridge-type carriage installation is performed in the reverse order of removal.
We start by applying a little lubricant to the threads of the carriage and adapter cup, so that later it is easier to turn it out.
1. Start on the right side. Using the key for the carriage and the adjustable wrench, screw the carriage into the frame until it stops. The moment should be 50-70 Nm.
The carriage on the right side has a left-hand thread.
2. We pass to the left side. Using the same key, screw the left adapter cup. The cup on the left side has a right-hand thread. The moment should be the same - 50-70 Nm.
Now you need to install the connecting rods and the system.
Assembly and installation of a folding carriage
The collapsible carriage is very similar to the one used on, therefore, the assembly and adjustment process is not difficult.
Before assembly, it is necessary to rinse all the parts in some kind of solvent (kerosene), wipe with a cloth, and dry. I do not recommend using gasoline - it can damage the plastic seals in the cups. The new carriage should also be washed - the grease on it is most likely preserving.
It is also good to check the carriage assembly of the frame for damage and any debris. Several times I found there shavings, sawdust, which fell into the carriage assembly from the seat tube of the frame. Once in the bearings, sawdust will not contribute to the easy running of the bike.
The carriage is installed in the reverse order to removal.
0. When assembling the carriage, the most difficult thing is not to confuse the ends of the axis of the carriage - its right and left sides are different. Typically, letters are written on the axis or on the plastic casing (this casing is not provided on some carriages) that correspond to the sides of the axis.
The cups cannot be mixed up - they have different threads (the left cup has the right thread and vice versa)
1. We put a plastic casing on the axis. We put bearings in cups. If the bearings have cages, then we lay them out with a cage (balls inside the cups). Lubricate bearings with grease. Lubricate the threads of both cups with the same grease.
2. We begin assembly on the right side. We insert the axis into the right cup, and screw this cup into the frame until it stops. To do this, you need a slotted key for the carriage. The right cup has a left-hand thread.
3. Now similarly screw on the other side of the left cup. It has a right-hand thread. Let's move on to adjusting the carriage. (you can immediately go to step 1)
Adjustment of bearings of a folding carriage
After assembly, the carriage must be adjusted, but often it is necessary to adjust and without disassembling. For example, sometimes after a long drive on rough roads, a play appears in the carriage, which should be eliminated by adjustment. Backlash in the carriage at best can lead to a violation of the clarity of the gear shift, and in the worst, damage to bearings and cups. On a long trip, you can try to adjust the carriage without taking it apart.
0. Before starting the adjustment, you need to remove only one left, remove the lock nut (special key) and slightly loosen the left cup (slotted key). The nut and the left cup have a right-hand thread.
1. We wrap the left cup almost all the way so that the axis of the carriage rotates easily, without jamming, and at the same time has no play. Then weaken it with a slotted key about a quarter of a turn.
Screw the lock nut while holding the cup with a slotted wrench. Tighten the nut special. the key all the way.
Now you need to twist the axis of the carriage by hand, and shake it from side to side. If everything is done correctly, then the carriage should rotate freely, without jamming, and not have noticeable play. If it sticks, or there is play, then we turn off the lock nut, and repeat step 1., Loosening or tightening the cup with a slotted key.
When the carriage will rotate without jamming and play, you can put the connecting rods.
Sometimes the carriage cannot be adjusted. That is, when you achieve that it rotates freely, a backlash appears. And vice versa, if you eliminate the backlash, then the axis rotates tight, with jamming. This suggests that it is time to change either the bearings or the carriage itself.
Carriage - This is a bearing mechanism fixed in the frame assembly, which serves to fasten and rotate the connecting rods of the system. Currently, there are several standards (seats and mounting rods for connecting rods) of carriages, which we will help to understand in the framework of this article. You will learn how the BB30 differs from Hollowtech II or Octalink, and much more!
Types of carriage units.
All carriages can be divided into opening and closed (cartridges) carriage nodes.
Open carriage
It is a carriage shaft and a set of bearings that are pressed by cups and screwed directly into the carriage tube of the bicycle frame.
The disadvantage of open carriages is that they often get dirt, moisture, they quickly become clogged and have to be sorted out, but with constant care, an open carriage can work for a very long time. Another drawback can be called the skew of the carriage shaft relative to the carriage pipe, it depends on the quality of the frame itself and the carriage assembly.
Cartridge carriage
It is a non-separable case, a cartridge in which bearings and a carriage shaft are located, the cartridge is screwed into the carriage tube of the bicycle frame. This design avoids the ingress of dirt, sand and moisture, eliminates misalignment of bearings and the need to adjust the carriage. The disadvantage of cartridge carriages is that if dirt and water get inside the cartridge, the carriage cannot be repaired because the cartridge cannot be taken apart. There are semi-folding carriages, which sometimes allows them to be repaired.
Standards for carriage and connecting rod connections.
SQR (square connection)
Compound per square. Perhaps the most common connection to date, these carriages are produced by almost all manufacturers of bicycle components. The ends of the shaft on such carriages are made in the shape of a cone, square section. The shaft and connecting rod are connected using a bolt under the open end wrench or hexagon. In order to then remove the connecting rods from the carriage shaft, you will have to use a special puller for the connecting rods, without which it is simply impossible.
Carriages with a square connection, used to be the standard in a mountain bike, and despite the fact that until now almost all entry-level bikes are equipped with square carriages, this connection is supplanted by newer and more advanced types of connections. If Shimano a few years ago produced XTR level carriages with square mounting, now a new type of mounting has been developed for this line.
Octalink
The Shimano standard is currently available for the Deore and LX line of bike components. It is a cartridge carriage with a round shaft with a spline type connection. Accordingly, only Shimano systems are suitable for such carriages. The splined connection allowed the production of carriages with a hollow shaft of a larger diameter, which led to a decrease in weight and an increase in the rigidity of the shaft compared to the connection per square.
HOLLOWTECH II
For XT, XTR and Saint, another technology was developed called HOLLOWTECH II with an integrated carriage and connecting rod system, which is mounted on the side of the right connecting rod. The Hollowtech II system reduces the number of components, and thereby significantly reduces weight and increases the rigidity and life of the system.
It is believed that this standard is used only by Shimano, however, the manufacturer of hi-end components for bicycles Race Face, in its components for XC, DH and FR uses this standard. And most importantly, these components are fully compatible with the Hollowtech II standard. I hope that other manufacturers will surely follow this example.
Gxp
Giga X Pipe is an analogue of HOLLOWTECH II from Truvativ. This carriage uses a similar connecting rod system, but the slots are not compatible with HOLLOWTECH II. GXP group includes the following systems - Noir, Stylo.
ISIS Drive
Slotted standard supported by manufacturers such as Race Face, Truvativ, FSA, Bontrager, Chris King, Stronglight. It is also very reliable like the Octalink standard, but these standards are not compatible due to the different number of slots. Carriages of this standard are both open and cartridge.
Howitzer
The new standard that is primarily used in connecting rods for extreme skiing. It has slightly different slots and carriage cups with external bearings than those in ISIS. At the same time, the carriage axis goes along with it, and is not pressed into the right connecting rod, like a Saint, although in the carriage itself everything is separate: the cups are separate, the axis is separate, the spacer between the cups is separate.
BB30
A completely new standard for braids. There is nothing fundamentally new in the new standard. From the manufacturer of the frames, it is required to install a new carriage tube, with an inner diameter of 41.96mm. Two industrial bearings are pressed into it, similar to how we do on modern steering columns. An axis integrated into the system with a diameter of 30 mm is inserted through the bearings and tightened by a second connecting rod. Everything is extremely simple, but completely incompatible with current frames and systems.
Carriage Sizes
The width of the carriage tube can be one of three sizes: 68, 73 or 83 mm ISO or British standard, or 70 mm Italian standard. In addition to dimensions, the third type is also distinguished by carving. The most common are the first two sizes. There are also so-called E-type carriages with an enlarged side on the right side for attaching the front gear switch.
The length of the carriage shaft, in combination with the use of a particular system, determines how far the stars of the system will be relative to the plane passing along the center of the frame (chain line). This value does not affect the frame itself, but rather determines which connecting rod system will need to be used. On some systems, several suitable values \u200b\u200bmay be indicated. The most common values \u200b\u200bfor the chain line are 47.5 and 50 mm. The characteristic length of the shafts for the spline connection is 113 and 118 mm. For a square connection, there are quite a few options: 116-127 mm for Shimano Tourney, 116 mm for Shimano Altus and 108-113 mm for higher groups.
In preparing the article used materials from the siterideline.ru , as well as images from different sources.
At the same time, thanks to the bearings inside the carriage, the system rotates freely. The carriage provides torque transmission from the pedals to the bicycle wheel with minimal loss. The carriage of the bicycle, due to its location, is subject to the ingress of dirt and water on it, so it should provide good protection for bearings from environmental influences.
Bicycle carriages are divided into open and closed (cartridges or capsules)
- IN open carriages the shaft rotates in bearings that are mounted in cups, which in turn are screwed into the carriage tube of the frame. The main disadvantage of this type of carriage is the need for accurate manufacture of the frame, otherwise distortions may appear. Another drawback is that the bearings are poorly protected from dirt and liquid.
- IN closed carriages bearings are housed in rigid cartridges that are installed inside the frame. The design and installation method of closed carriages eliminates misalignment of bearings and the need for adjustment. For the most part, closed carriages are not understood, but there are several collapsible models.
It is difficult to say which of these two types is better and which is worse. If dirt enters the open carriage, it can be disassembled, cleaned, greased and reassembled. A cartridge, although less prone to contamination, is still contaminated. It cannot be disassembled and cleaned, so it can wear out faster.
The most common connection types
1. Square - This type of mount is used on bikes of low and medium level, it does not have a big price.
2. Slot - This is a more reliable type of mount, it is used on professional bicycles, it costs more. When buying a bicycle carriage with this connection, keep in mind that there are two standards: Shimano Octalinkand ISIS Drive.These standards have different numbers of slots, which is why they are incompatible.
Sizes of bicycle carriages
If you decide to replace the carriage, then pay attention to the following sizes:
- Frame carriage tube width - there are three sizes: 68 mm. or 73 mm. (type BSA) as well as 70 mm. (Italian type). Two types of BSA are most common. There are also E-type carriages, they have a larger side on the right side for mounting.
- Carriage shaft length - it determines at what distance the stars of the system will be relative to the middle plane of the bicycle frame (parameter chain line) Usually it is 47.5 mm. or 50 mm. There are several standards for shaft length, for splined joints - 113 mm. and 118 mm., and for a square of 116 mm. - 127 mm. it all depends on the system.
Most motorcyclists have no idea what a bicycle carriage is. Professionals and frequent bike exploiters, by contrast, are familiar with the carriage mechanism firsthand.
Any mechanism is subject to external influences, it is a matter of time. The carriage is no exception. At the end of the service life, the question arises for the bike owner: replace the carriage with a new one or repair it. To do this, you have to deal with this term and choose the best option for the carriage.
The purpose of the bicycle carriage, what is this term
A carriage is a bearing assembly located in the middle segment of a cycle frame inside a special plane - in a glass. The location of the carriage is in the part of the connecting rods, pedals and stars. The purpose of the carriage:
- Act as a connecting element between the connecting rods and the bicycle frame.
- Provide torque while pedaling.
Each bike model has a carriage of a certain format and with its own service life. The most commonly used 68 mm carriages. Somewhat less often they encounter 110 mm nodes, 113 mm or 122.5 mm long.
Open carriage
The carriage can be disassembled and repaired. A collapsible assembly is, in fact, a carriage shaft with a selection of bearings adjacent to cups and screwed directly into the carriage tube of the bicycle frame. The disadvantages include:
- Frequent penetration of dirt, damp. This means that open carriages require periodic cleaning. If you take care in a timely manner, the carriage will please with its service life.
- The likelihood of skewing the carriage shaft with respect to the carriage tube. It depends on how high-quality the frame and, directly, whether the carriage assembly is good.
Cartridge Type Carriage
The carriage is not intended for analysis, it is presented in the form of a cartridge equipped with bearings and a carriage shaft from the inside. The cartridge is screwed directly into the carriage tube of the bike mount. Thanks to the presented design, clogging of the carriage, dampness are eliminated, bearings do not warp, and there is no need to adjust the cartridge. The disadvantage is that you cannot repair a non-separable cartridge.
Tip. If you wish, you can use semi-folding carriages, partly amenable to repair.
Systematization of carriages according to connecting rod standards
SQR (square)
standard and long-known theory of fastening. The shaft ends of these carriages are represented by a cone-shaped construction, square section. The shaft with the connecting rod closes predominantly with a hexagon, and a bolt under the open end wrench will also do. If necessary, directly from the carriage shaft is made exclusively by a puller designed for connecting rods.
Despite widespread use, the standard square is replaced by advanced analogs of compounds. Carriages with a square connection are prone to loose conrods when parsed frequently.
Slotted analog
It has several standard sizes, prevents square cross-section, shafts and connecting rods are resistant to loosening.
Variations of splined joints
Octalink, introduced by Shimano, is a tapered connecting element between the carriage shaft and the connecting rods. Despite the presence of slots, the connecting rods are still attached directly to the cone. The advantages of splined joints from square joints are increased rigidity and minimal weight. It is produced mainly for the line of bicycle elements LX, Deore.
The HOLLOWTECH II technique has an integrated system for carriage and connecting rods. It is installed near the right connecting rod. The system provides a minimum of spare parts, which reduces weight, increases rigidity, and extends the life of Hollowtech II. Shimano is well aware of the use of this standard. The hi-end company uses the identical standard in its own elements for DH, XC, FR regarding Race Face bicycles. Interestingly, there is complete compatibility of the elements and the Hollowtech II technique.
GXP (Giga X Pipe) is identical to the technique of Hollowtech II, but developed by the manufacturer Truvativ. Although this carriage has a similar mounting system, there is incompatibility of the slots directly with the HOLLOWTECH II. The GXP class involves the introduction of Noir and Stylo concepts.
ISIS Drive also refers to the spline standard, which is adhered to:
- race Face
- fSA Developer
- representative of Truvativ;
- chris King Provider
- creator of Bontrager;
- manufacturer of Stronglight.
Important! ISIS Drive is no less reliable standard than Octalink. Only both standards are incompatible with each other due to the unequal number of slots.
What formats are carriages
As for the diameters of the carriages, each manufacturer is trying to use different standards for the manufacture of their own bicycle parts. In some cases, due to different standards, incompatible parts may come across. Cycling involves the use of the standard 68 and 73 mm. It is good that the majority of carriages are produced for these two standards. Nevertheless, it is strongly recommended to choose a carriage as a precaution, so as not to once again run to the store for exchange if the model does not fit.
Standards regarding the length of the axis are presented in a slightly larger number than the diameters. Standards for cycling are distinguished: 110 mm or 113 mm long, 118.5 mm footage, as well as 122.5 mm and 128 mm picket. Take note of the Truvativ company, their carriages are produced exclusively 128 mm in length.
Result: the length of the carriage axis should be selected taking into account:
- picket of the carriage tube of a velorama;
- type of system used;
- a set of stars directly on the system.
What to choose
The need to replace the carriage or repair it usually arises as a result of the appearance of play or after physical damage to the part. If necessary, the carriage can be easily replaced if:
- Know the size and type of carriage.
- To study according to the data sheet the type of its glass.
- See the data sheet for the chain line marked as chainline. The method of connecting the connecting rods directly to the shaft has a direct influence on this line.
- Pay attention to the dimensions of the glass in the data sheet.
- Give preference to a disintegrated model, taking into account the type of front derailleur.
Since the modern design of the carriages is installed or repaired mainly by a unique tool, you should buy a specialized key with a new device.
