Questions. Nutrition after removal of the stomach for cancer Nutrition with a removed stomach
Stomach cancer is a serious disease, which, unfortunately, is rarely diagnosed on time, when it is still possible to stop the development of the disease with the help of medications and radiation. In most cases, the tumor is found at advanced stages, so the organ has to be removed. Even a partial resection is the removal of 2/3 of the stomach from the body. And often carry out a complete removal to avoid recurrence of cancer.
Features of digestion in patients
After removal of the stomach for cancer, as well as after any other surgical operation on the digestive organs, the main task of physicians and the patient is to organize proper rehabilitation and form a new eating behavior. Without this factor, all the efforts of doctors will be in vain: no matter how timely and no matter how well the resection is done, there will be no result without a successful recovery period. And vice versa: after operations to remove cancer on the gastrointestinal tract, it is the diet that can lead to recovery to a much greater extent than medicines.
Nutrition after removal of the stomach due to a malignant tumor undergoes drastic changes:
- by the number of one-time volume - the capacity of the stomach stump or part of the small intestine that performs its role, after removal of the cancer, is small, so the portions become much smaller;
- on the quality of nutrition - it is vital to provide a full-fledged diet with an adequate content of proteins and carbohydrates, a limited amount of fat, with a ban on certain foods;
- according to the method of preparation - lifelong dietary restrictions after removal of stomach cancer for frying, smoking, salting products;
- according to the frequency of eating episodes during the day - it is recommended up to 8 times a day, long breaks are unacceptable.
Early rehabilitation period
Immediately after the removal of the stomach due to a tumor, a two-day food rest in the operated organ is indicated: even small secretions from the sutures and minimal secretory production are sucked out of the cavity. Under such conditions, the healing of internal sutures at the site of cancer removal occurs much faster. Therefore, the patient does not take water and food at this time.
But this does not mean that the patient is starving for two days. In the first days after the removal of the tumor, nutrition occurs with the help of droppers: the body receives the liquid necessary to prevent dehydration, and saturated balanced solutions to maintain metabolism.
From the third day, the patient is transferred to food through a tube: a specially created concentrated protein product of increased digestibility (“Enpit”) is introduced into the intestine through it.
By the end of the first week after removal of the tumor, the patient switches to eating in the traditional way, adhering to a strict diet.
Complications of the early recovery period
At this time, the patient after removal of the tumor faces two dangers:
- esophagitis - a partial release of the contents of the stomach or bile masses into the esophagus, which is accompanied by pronounced unpleasant phenomena in the throat (heartburn, pain) and possible vomiting - a phenomenon that does not necessarily appear immediately after eating, a delayed reaction is possible;
- dumping syndrome - sudden weakness, dizziness, darkening of the eyes, hand tremor, cold sweat, or vice versa, a feeling of heat, a desire to lie down, suddenly occurring shortly after eating.
These complications are associated with adaptation to new conditions: in the part of the digestive system, which serves as the primary reservoir for food after removal of the stomach, digestion reflexes are not yet fully formed, even if the diet is followed.
Over time, these phenomena stop if nutrition is properly organized. With careful use of products from the very first days, troubles can be avoided.
Basic diet rules
At first, food is taken exclusively in a pureed form. The amount of one-time intake is limited to 50 milliliters. At the first time of the diet, even this volume is recommended to be consumed slowly, in small portions with careful wetting with saliva in the mouth. This facilitates the absorption of nutrients, prevents reflux (backflow) and dumping syndrome. The increase in the volume of the dish is carried out very gradually. With a limited volume of the stomach or its complete absence after removal of the tumor, the portion of food at one time does not ultimately exceed 300 ml.
Important! Fewer digestive problems occur if in the first months each meal is limited to one dish, and drinks are consumed 30 minutes after eating.
Complete nutrition
A small amount of food at one time according to the diet puts forward increased requirements for food and their preparation.
Natural foods rich in complete protein and complex carbohydrates with a limited lipid content are acceptable for nutrition. The method of heat treatment is steam cooking, cooking with further grinding.
The increased need for protein during the diet is due to a decrease in the absorption of substances for enriching the blood with iron. Medicines containing this microelement are not well tolerated by everyone, so natural intake is preferred.
Meat is chosen of high quality, preferably in a piece, and not chopped at points of sale. In the first months, poultry (chicken, turkey) is preferred, then veal, lean pork and beef are added.
Fish useful lean breeds. Calcium and phosphorus in it is no less than in other types, and fish oil, although not much, is enough for the absorption of vitamin D and trace elements.
Carbohydrates provide a person with energy, prevent the use of proteins for this purpose. Side dishes in the form of boiled cereals, pasta (limited) from durum wheat, vegetables after heat treatment are allowed.
Fats limit, but do not completely exclude: many vitamins found in natural foods are absorbed only in the presence of lipids. In addition, fats ensure the integrity of the skin and mucous membranes, the good condition of hair and nails. To maintain these functions, fats require very little - most often vegetable oils are used as a dressing. Milk fat is allowed in small amounts in the form of a thin layer of butter or cheese on a piece of bread, adding low-fat sour cream to the soup.
Important! Vegetable oils should not be subjected to heat treatment: their beneficial properties can be transformed and harm digestion.
Prohibited Products
- canned food;
- pickles;
- smoked meats;
- spicy dishes;
- industrial semi-finished products.
Dishes will be prepared from natural products in order to be sure of their usefulness and safety.
Refractory lipids are prohibited, therefore, before heat treatment, the meat is carefully cleaned from fatty layers.
High-fat fish is not allowed in the first six months, it is consumed in the long term as an exception and in very small portions, provided that you feel well.
Lamb and horse meat are introduced a few years after the operation, they are used well boiled and chopped, and the primary broth is not used.
To help in choosing products for compiling the menu, the table will help:
| allowed | limited use | forbidden | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Protein products |
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| Carbohydrates |
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| Fats |
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| The drinks |
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Weight tracking when compiling a menu
The alternation of products allows you to create a varied and complete menu of the postoperative diet.
But even with properly distributed fractional nutrition, the problem of lack of weight often arises. This is understandable: before the operation, the stomach affected by cancer practically did not perform its functions, digestion was unbalanced, the person lost weight naturally. After removal of the stomach, the supply of nutrients is limited due to the lack of primary processing enzymes.
Therefore, the patient is often prescribed enteral nutrition and vitamin injections.
Thus, the preparation of the menu after the removal of the stomach due to cancer requires increased caution. But with the systematic implementation of the prescriptions of nutritionists, adaptation occurs quite quickly. Psychologically, food is no longer perceived as a diet, but becomes part of a new way of life, an element of everyday life. Useful eating habits contribute to the elimination of postoperative complications, normalization of the digestive tract, metabolism in the body. The quality of life of the patient is significantly improved and over time becomes comparable to the standard of living of healthy people.
Useful video: Stomach cancer
The diet for stomach cancer is built on the basis of strict principles, due to the severity of the malignant process. It has scientific evidence, since the right food can not only restore damaged tissue, but also slow down the growth of the tumor. Of course, nutrition alone cannot stop and cure the disease, but in combination with surgical and other therapeutic measures, the chances of recovery increase.
Principles of nutrition in stomach cancer
Faced with a malignant tumor of the digestive tract, each person must reconsider their usual diet. From now on, many dishes will have to be limited or completely eliminated, giving preference to food that will help stop the growth and division of atypical cells, thereby reducing the symptomatic manifestations of the disease and preventing metastasis and relapse. In general, you need to refuse only those products that have carcinogenic activity.
Consider in the table the general principles of the diet for cancer of the stomach.
| Recommendations | Description |
|---|---|
| REDUCE FOOD CONSUMPTION | Portions should be small, but you can eat up to 8 times a day, trying to make approximately the same time intervals between meals. |
| OBSERVANCE OF THE TEMPERATURE CONDITION | Food should be warm, close to body temperature. Cold and hot dishes that burn the throat are prohibited. |
| OPTIMAL MECHANICAL FOOD PROCESSING | Any foods that a person eats must be crushed and thoroughly chewed. This reduces the burden on the digestive tract and ensures maximum absorption of essential nutrients. |
| PROPER COOKING | All dishes are steamed, boiled or baked. When frying and smoking, carcinogenic compounds are activated, which adversely affect the gastric mucosa. |
| WITHDRAWAL OF IRRITANT SUBSTANCES | Spices, seasonings and vinegar negatively affect the functioning of the gastrointestinal tract, increasing the production of digestive juices and increasing its acidity, which is dangerous in case of stomach cancer. |
| USE EXCLUSIVELY FRESH FOOD | All dishes are recommended to be prepared immediately before eating. Keeping them is prohibited. |
| REDUCE SALT IN THE DIET | A patient with gastrointestinal cancer is allowed no more than 5 g or a teaspoon of salt per day, if possible, it is replaced with herbs and spices. |
| INCREASE IN PLANT FOOD IN THE MENU | Fruits and vegetables contain a large amount of fiber, which improves bowel function and saturates the body with vitamins and beneficial trace elements that inhibit the growth of atypical cells and have a positive effect on the state of the immune system. |
| REDUCING FAT IN THE DIET | In the daily diet of a person suffering from stomach cancer, there should be no more than 30% of fats, while the vast majority of them are obtained from food of plant origin. |
List of allowed and prohibited products
Patients with oncology of the gastrointestinal tract should know what to eat. This will help in the preparation of a therapeutic diet that will fully satisfy the needs of a weakened body for the necessary vitamins and minerals.
Of course, the diet should also correspond to the taste habits of a person. This will significantly reduce the cancer patient's sense of inferiority, which will certainly arise due to the inability to consume any of the products prohibited for medical reasons.
So, what to eat with stomach cancer?
- Soups: vegetable, dairy and cereals. All components included in them must be carefully boiled and ground.
- Liquid cereals from easily digestible cereals.
- Lean fish and meat. They are steamed or baked, without a crust.
- Omelettes, soft-boiled eggs. No more than two per day.
- Cottage cheese. You should choose fat-free, ideally home-made.
- Vegetables and fruits. Preference is given to fruits of red, orange and yellow color. It has been proven that they contain a huge amount of carotenoids - substances that prevent the growth of malignant neoplasms.
In addition, experts advise to pay attention to food that has antitumor activity. These foods contain substances that prevent cancer. Let's look at them in the following table.
| Anticancer products | Description |
|---|---|
| CRUSIFLOWER VEGETABLES - SALAD, TURP, CABBAGE OF ANY VARIETIES | They contain a large amount of indoles - substances that enhance the formation of glutathione peroxidase. This enzyme can prevent excessive synthesis of estrogens - hormones that provoke mutation processes in cells. |
| SOY AND SOY-BASED PRODUCTS | Enriched with isoflavonoids and phytoestrogens, which prevent the development of cancer. Thanks to them, it is possible to avoid the progression of the malignant process against the background of the cessation of the division of cancer cells. |
| SEA FISH | Contains a large amount of fatty acids, which inhibit the growth of pathological neoplasms. |
| TOMATOES | Tomatoes contain lycopene, a substance with pronounced antitumor properties. |
| GARLIC, ONION | They activate leukocytes and white blood cells, which can remove malignant structural units from the body and remove toxins. |
With the help of the above products and dishes, each cancer patient is able to organize his diet in accordance with the essence of the anti-cancer diet. Through these actions, he can increase the influence of official medicine and increase the chances of recovery.
What foods can not be eaten with stomach cancer is a no less relevant question, since ignorance of it can aggravate the course of the malignant process in the body. First of all, it is important to completely exclude harmful, heavy and fatty foods, which adversely affect the process of the gastrointestinal tract as a whole. In addition, marinades, pickles, spices and acids are removed from the diet.
The general list of prohibited products is as follows:
- red varieties of meat and fish;
- mushrooms in any form;
- unripe vegetables and sour fruits;
- canned food - homemade or industrial, smoked meats;
- meat and fish broths;
- refined foods enriched with simple carbohydrates;
- strong tea, coffee, sparkling water;
- alcohol.
Persons with stomach cancer are strictly prohibited food with artificial fillers - dyes, flavors and preservatives. All of them are components with carcinogenic activity. These substances worsen the course of the pathological process in the stomach, accelerating its progression.
It is important to pay attention to the fact that products from the prohibited list must be removed from the diet of a patient with any degree of oncology for the entire period of medical and rehabilitation procedures. It usually takes several months, sometimes more than a year. In the case of a full recovery, you need to continue to remember the importance of healthy food. Strict adherence to dietary recommendations will prevent the recurrence of oncology in a few years.
Nutrition at an early stage of the disease
Persons with stomach cancer at the initial stage of the oncological process are usually prescribed an operation, during which the tumor is removed along with a partial or complete resection of the stomach. In order for the surgical intervention to be carried out as efficiently as possible, the patient's nutrition undergoes mandatory changes before treatment.
The basis of the diet is easily digestible mashed dishes. At this stage, it is necessary to achieve normalization of digestion, optimal emptying of the intestinal tract and cleansing of the liver - products enriched with vegetable fiber will help here.
Food should be taken in small portions, while the chosen dish should be nutritious and carry a certain value. Vitamins improve the state of immunity and have a positive effect on preoperative preparation, preventing possible complications of surgical treatment. The fact is that after resection of the stomach with existing oncology, the functions of the remote organ will be taken over by the intestine, which by its origin is practically not adapted to digest food. Therefore, it must be prepared for this.
Nutrition for gastric cancer of the 3rd, 4th degree with metastases and for inoperable patients
Stomach cancer refers to oncological diseases that are rarely detected at an early stage, since most often a person does not experience initial specific symptoms, such as nausea, vomiting, pain, etc. If the diagnosis is detected at the third and fourth stages or it is an inoperable its form, for example, due to the fact that the patient will not be able to undergo surgery or it is impossible for technical reasons, nutrition should comply with the following principles:
- Food is prepared for a single meal. It is strictly forbidden to store it in the refrigerator even for one day.
- Complete rejection of salt. It is allowed to replace it with such spices and herbs as anise, cloves, cumin, cinnamon, cilantro and dill. The choice of seasonings should be agreed with the doctor.
- Ready meals should have the patient's body temperature.
- The presence of large particles in food is undesirable. A homogeneous semi-liquid consistency of ready meals is recommended.
- It is important to eat slowly, excluding the rapid swallowing of even small portions. This will help reduce the mechanical stress on the stomach. It is recommended to hold liquid food in the oral cavity for a while, since saliva also contains the necessary enzymes that begin the process of splitting consumed foods.
Overeating in the advanced stages of cancer is prohibited. A person should get up from the table with a feeling of lightness in the stomach. You can not starve and skip meals, even in the absence of appetite. If, despite the efforts made, the patient's weight continues to decrease, it is necessary to review the diet with a specialist.
Feeding a cancer patient at the last stage with metastases and the spread of the malignant process beyond the stomach is often carried out using a gastrostomy.
Nutrition after gastric resection in oncology
The diet after a gastrectomy - the complete removal of the body of the stomach or its partial resection - is in many ways similar to the general principles of nutrition for this disease. Let's list them:
- food should be warm and freshly prepared, semi-liquid, homogeneous;
- eat slowly, chewing thoroughly and processing food with saliva;
- it is important to make a diet only from permitted products.
But it is also impossible not to note some differences in the diet recommended after removal of the stomach for cancer. These include:
- meals should be done every two hours in small portions;
- after eating, you can not immediately drink, it is advisable to wait up to 30 minutes;
- completely remove sugar and other easily digestible carbohydrates, as well as fats from the menu;
- if during eating there is discomfort in the abdomen, this may be due to the rapid penetration of products into the intestinal tract - in this case, it is recommended to lie down and eat lying down in the future.
Within three months after gastrectomy, it is important to adhere to these rules.
Diet after treatment
Nutrition after therapeutic measures - surgery, chemotherapy and radiotherapy - corresponds to the number one therapeutic diet. It includes the following principles:
- Organization of six meals a day.
- The use of only natural freshly prepared products.
- Dishes should have a semi-liquid consistency, this helps to accelerate the healing process of tissues.
- Porridges are boiled for a long time, and then wiped and diluted with a small amount of water. Mucous soups are allowed based on oatmeal or rice cereal. Vegetables and cereals in dishes are also subjected to grinding.
- Exclude stimulating and irritating foods: spices, sour fruits and drinks, any broths, coarse cereals, etc.
- Remove from the menu food that is digested for a long time: tough meat, mushrooms, etc.
- Fresh bread and pastries are not allowed.
- Increase fluid intake - compotes, jelly, rosehip decoctions, mineral and boiled water - provided there are no problems with the kidneys.
It should also be noted that a person's nutrition after gastric cancer treatment should depend on their initial weight. If the patient has a normal body weight and no metabolic pathologies, a diet with a daily calorie content of 2400 kcal is recommended.
Features of the diet for adults, children, pregnant and lactating, the elderly
Nutrition in gastric cancer has no fundamental differences in different groups of patients. Both children and adult cancer patients should be provided with the most sparing nutrition with a predominance of easily digestible fortified food in the diet, covering the needs of the body, weakened by the disease.
Additionally, you should follow the individual recommendations of the attending physician, taking into account the patient's well-being and his condition at any stage of the therapeutic effect.
Menu for the week
We offer you to find out what an approximate diet for a week looks like with stomach cancer.
| days | Menu |
|---|---|
| MONDAY | Breakfast: oatmeal on the water, tea. Lunch: a decoction of dried fruits, crackers. Lunch: vegetarian cabbage soup, salad, juice. Snack: milk with cookies. Dinner: vegetables with fish, jelly. Snack: yogurt. |
| TUESDAY | Breakfast: an egg "in a bag", tea. Lunch: fruit. Lunch: pea soup, steamed cutlet, fruit drink. Afternoon snack: cheesecakes, juice. Dinner: buckwheat with turkey, tea. Snack: omelet. |
| WEDNESDAY | Breakfast: cookies, kissel. Lunch: cottage cheese casserole. Lunch: lean borsch, pilaf with chicken, tea. Afternoon: fruits. Dinner: salad, steamed fish, juice. Snack: milk with bread. |
| THURSDAY | Lunch: cabbage soup, vegetable stew, tea. Snack: yogurt, cookies. Dinner: steamed meatballs, salad, juice. Snack: cheesecakes. |
| FRIDAY | Breakfast: rice pudding, juice. Lunch: fruit. Lunch: bean soup, salad, cabbage rolls, tea. Afternoon snack: muesli. Dinner: buckwheat with chicken, jelly. Snack: milk with cookies. |
| SATURDAY | Breakfast: scrambled eggs, compote. Lunch: berry jelly. Lunch: lean borscht, salad, tea. Afternoon snack: cheesecakes, milk. Dinner: pasta and minced meat casserole, jelly. Snack: crackers with juice. |
| SUNDAY | Breakfast: cottage cheese pudding, juice. Lunch: fruit salad. Lunch: milk soup, carrot cutlets, tea. Afternoon snack: berry jelly. Dinner: cabbage rolls, compote. Snack: yogurt. |
Recipes for various dishes
To diversify the menu of a patient suffering from gastric carcinoma, we suggest that you familiarize yourself with some recipes.
Greek cabbage. Products: 600 g of white cabbage, 2 carrots, 1 onion, 100 ml of tomato paste, ½ cup of rice, dill, salt.
Finely chop the vegetables. Sauté onions and carrots until transparent, add cabbage to the mixture and simmer until soft. After that, put salt, washed rice, a glass of water and pasta into the vegetable mass. Leave on low heat until done. Sprinkle with chopped herbs before serving.
Cheese potatoes. Products: 6 identical potatoes, 100 g of cheese, 1 tbsp. l. soy sauce.
Boil potatoes in their skins and, without peeling, put in a serving plate and season with a little soy sauce. Sprinkle cheese on top. Microwave for 5 minutes.
Oatmeal cutlets. Products: 1 cup of hercules, 100 ml of boiling water, 1 potato, 1 onion, salt.
Place the cereal in a saucepan, cover with water and leave to steam for 15 minutes. Grate raw vegetables, mix them with swollen oats, salt and form small meatballs. Tip: if the consistency of the oatmeal-vegetable mass does not allow this, you can add a chicken egg to it. Cook cutlets in a slow cooker for a couple for 8-10 minutes.
Preventive diet to prevent disease
The decisive factor that prevents the development of the oncological process is a responsible attitude to food. Scientists were able to prove the link between a healthy diet and tumor processes in the body.
It is important to exclude smoked, fatty and fried foods and long-term storage products from the diet, as they contain a large amount of nitrites, which have carcinogenic properties. Additionally, flour and confectionery products with a high starch content should be abandoned.
The basis of the daily diet should include steamed dishes, mostly lean or with poultry meat. It is advisable to drink green tea, dried fruit compote, rosehip broth, clean water at least 2 liters per day. At least twice a week you need to eat sea fish: salmon, herring, sardine and flounder. Omega acids contained in seafood improve the immune defense of the body, positively affect the state of blood vessels and digestion processes. Every day it is recommended to eat cereals, fruits and vegetables rich in fiber and vitamins.
In general terms, the principles of a preventive diet are as follows:
- the amount of plant foods in the diet should be at least 60%;
- Every day you need to eat at least 6 different fruits and vegetables;
- limit the consumption of lamb, beef and pork as much as possible, preferring rabbit meat, fish and turkey;
- it is additionally recommended to drink multivitamin complexes to strengthen immunity.
Nutrition for stomach cancer should be varied, but mechanically and chemically sparing, regardless of what stage we are talking about - 1st or 4th degree with metastases. The basis of the menu should include dishes that prevent the progression of the oncological process. If there is any doubt about the use of a particular product, it is important to consult with an oncologist in advance.
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Diet after removal of the stomach for cancer is an obligatory part of the treatment, since the operation disrupts the function of the gastrointestinal tract. If earlier digested food mass got into the small intestine, now it does not undergo the necessary processing, so the substances necessary for the body are absorbed much worse.
About the operation
Removal of the stomach is the most difficult surgical operation, which is prescribed when there are no other ways to save a person's life. It's called a gastrectomy. In this case, this organ is removed completely. Even if the operation was successful, there were no serious complications, the patient needs to prepare for a long rehabilitation. With a complete removal of the stomach, it is important to take vitamins in the form of medications, especially vitamin B12, since it is absorbed in the stomach, and pernicious anemia can develop without additional treatment.
However, the prognosis is favorable if the patient underwent surgery on time, and then he underwent rehabilitation, followed all the recommendations of the doctor. You can easily adapt to new conditions of digestion. But with oncology, everything is much more complicated, since a lot depends on the stage of cancer, the general condition of the patient.
Resection of the stomach is a similar operation, however, the patient is not removed the entire organ, but only part of it: from a quarter to 2/3. Then the stump of the stomach is connected to the duodenum 12. This is also a serious operation, like the removal of the stomach. To recover from it, you need to strictly follow the recommendations of the doctor, it is especially important to eat right.
Nutrition in the early days
Immediately after the operation on the stomach, the patient cannot eat, so he does not need to bring anything to the hospital. The first 2 days he is starving, and on the third day the doctor may allow him to drink a little compote or a rosehip decoction, or sweet tea. The patient is given water every 15 minutes, giving him 1 tsp. liquids.
Doctors do not recommend something to eat immediately after surgery, the feeding of the patient is organized by the medical staff of the clinic. In order for the body to receive all the necessary nutrients, it can be administered intravenously with special mixtures of proteins and amino acids. Also, the doctor may prescribe a protein enpit. The patient receives 30-50 ml of this solution. First, it is introduced through the probe, then, when it is removed, through the mouth. The patient eats in this peculiar way for about 2 or 3 days. Gradually, the amount of protein enpit obtained is increased.
Nutrition after surgery
After 4 or 5 days, the doctor will transfer the patient to a normal diet, provided that he does not have bloating and normal peristalsis. But this does not mean that now he will be able to eat dumplings with sour cream or pies. The diet after the operation is very strict, but it must not be violated, since proper nutrition is an important part of the patient's rehabilitation.
After resection of the stomach, the patient should eat according to a special scheme. There are several types of diet that are prescribed to the patient. You need to adhere to each of them for about 2-4 days, but the doctor can increase or shorten this period, it depends on the patient's well-being.
Diet No. 0A
Diet No. 0A, is prescribed for 4 or 5 days. Features of this diet: little salt (no more than 1 or 2 g) and a lot of water (1.8 -2.2 liters). The patient should eat at least 7 or 8 times a day, eating no more than 250 g of food. As an addition to the diet, it is allowed to eat 1 or 2 soft-boiled eggs.
What you can eat:
- mucous decoctions to which cream is added;
- light meat broth, no fat;
- jelly from fruits or berries;
- juices from vegetables or fruits;
- sweetened rosehip drink.
While you can not eat dense meals, even if they are puree, and also drink milk.
Diet No. 0B
This diet is needed on the 6th or 8th day after surgery due to stomach cancer. The patient should take up to 2 liters of liquid, and the amount of salt is slightly increased, up to 4 or 5 g. The patient can eat up to 6 times a day, portions - 400 g each. What can you do? The menu is the same as with diet No. 0A, but the list of allowed foods is longer:
- soups with cereals;
- the patient can already eat mashed cereals cooked from rice or buckwheat, but only if they are liquid;
- soft-boiled eggs or a protein omelet are allowed;
- the patient's menu also includes meat, fish (mashed potatoes), but only dietary.
Diet No. 0B
This diet is usually prescribed for 9-11 days. This is a special diet after surgery, when the patient switches to a full diet. The patient should drink up to 1.5 liters of water or other liquid, the amount of allowed salt is 6 or 7 g. The patient eats about 5 or 6 times a day, the following dishes are added to his menu:
- puree soup;
- white crackers, but not more than 75 g;
- puree from vegetables or fruits;
- apples, but not fresh, but baked;
- minced meat or fish;
- cottage cheese, you can add a little cream;
- various sour milk drinks.
dumping syndrome
Approximately 10-30% of patients after surgery performed on the stomach experience dumping syndrome, when food is quickly dumped from the stomach into the intestines, carbohydrate metabolism is disturbed, the balance of gastrointestinal hormones, and so on. Such patients complain of weakness, severe dizziness after eating, headache. They have a feeling of heat, sweat profusely, the patient may faint.
To prevent these and other unpleasant symptoms from appearing, especially if a person has stomach cancer oncology, you need to follow a number of simple rules:
- The patient's menu should have a lot of proteins and the amount of complex carbohydrates necessary for him.
- The amount of easily digestible carbohydrates is limited, that is, you have to forget about sweets, sugar, cakes, drinks, and canned juices for a while.
- The amount of fat is reduced, fried foods are also not allowed.
- Patients should not eat food that increases bile secretion or that increases pancreatic secretion.
If, nevertheless, unpleasant symptoms appear, it is necessary to inform the attending physician about them, who should observe the patient after gastrectomy or resection. He will choose the right treatment.
Diet 10 days after surgery
What can be eaten by patients without a stomach or by patients who have had part of their stomach cut off? 9-12 days after surgery, the patient is transferred to the diet table No. 1, but the wiped option is chosen. The patient should eat frequently, eating about 5 or 6 times a day. Portions should be small, about 250 g, if it is liquid, then no more than one glass. 
The diet should have a lot of proteins, so patients need to eat chopped meat or boiled fish, cook omelettes from proteins, and not give up fresh cottage cheese. Fats are also needed, but in moderation. If the patient is ill from such food, the amount of fat is reduced. The patient should eat little carbohydrates, especially if they are easily digestible, it is better to reduce their content.
During this period, the patient should not eat strong broths, as well as fatty poultry, meat, all kinds of sausages, ham, smoked foods and canned food. Under the ban and all fried, bread, flour products, pickles. All vegetables and fruits must be crushed before use.
Nutrition a few months after surgery
If the patient feels well, it makes no sense to eat only grated dishes. After 3 or 4 months, the patient can begin to eat normal food, but some restrictions still remain. How to eat right? You still need to stick to diet number 1, but its not pureed version. The patient's diet becomes more varied: he can eat meat soups, eating them with dried white bread, fish and meat, chicken. Boiled vegetables, greens from the garden, potatoes, buckwheat, rice, fresh fruits, sour-milk drinks, and so on are allowed.
You can stick to this diet for about 2 or 3 months. If the patient has no complications, he has no problems with the intestines, the work of the gastrointestinal tract, then six months after the operation, you can eat like everyone else. However, the diet cannot be canceled; it is also important to monitor the chemical composition of the diet.
Allowed
If the patient has gastric cancer, due to which part of the stomach or the entire organ was removed from him, the menu can still be varied. Here is a list of dishes and foods that you can eat with this disease:
- slimy soups, in which oatmeal, buckwheat, rice were added, a little butter or cream was added;
- you can cook meat dishes, for example, veal, chicken, turkey;
- white bread crackers;
- you need to cook fish dishes, and these are pollock, hake, cod and pike;
- porridges are allowed: oatmeal, rice, buckwheat, you can put a piece of meat in them;
- soft-boiled eggs or scrambled eggs;
- if there is no intolerance, milk, cream, cottage cheese are allowed;
- jelly or jelly from berries are useful.
Prohibited Products
To avoid pain in the abdomen and other unpleasant symptoms, after the tumor has been removed, it is better to exclude some foods from the diet or at least limit their amount:
- strong broths;
- you can not eat fresh bread, various confectionery and flour products;
- sausages, canned food and all kinds of smoked meats, fatty meat or poultry are not allowed;
- it is worth giving up some cereals: barley, corn, pearl barley and millet;
- pasta;
- you can not eat fried foods, as well as pickles;
- mushrooms;
- raw vegetables, especially legumes, cabbage, turnips, onions, radishes, and so on;
- cottage cheese or sour cream, if they are fatty;
- sauces and spices, all kinds of seasonings are contraindicated;
- you can not drink soda, coffee, strong tea, alcohol, juices from the store;
- sweets and jams are also not allowed, as are ice cream, cakes, chocolates.
Nutrition after removal of the stomach for cancer is an important part of the treatment, it is imperative to follow a diet, otherwise the body will not be able to recover quickly. It is not so difficult to stick to it, since the basis of nutrition is soups and cereals. If you correctly compose the menu, the patient will quickly recover, and over time will be able to expand his diet.
In case of malignant tumors of the gastrointestinal tract, radical operations are resorted to. Nutrition after removal of the stomach (gastrectomy) has its own peculiarities. In general, it is characterized by greater frequency, fragmentation, and the predominance of easily digestible components in the diet. Enzymatic insufficiency of the gastrointestinal tract after removal of the stomach needs to be replenished. For this, special replacement preparations of enzymes and hydrochloric acid are used. But the use of these funds does not mean that the patient will be able to eat the same foods as before the operation. If the stomach is removed, the attending physician or nutritionist selects the menu for the patient.
General principles
Eating after some prohibited foods, for example, confectionery products saturated with simple carbohydrates, provokes. It manifests itself in increased heart rate, profuse sweating and general weakness.
Since in the absence of a stomach, hydrochloric acid, gastrin and other substances synthesized in its walls are not produced, the menu should be easily digestible, nutritious and fortified. Salt is practically excluded. The necessary trace elements enter the body with vegetables, fruits and cereals, so additional salting is not required. It is strictly forbidden to drink alcohol. The diet is important, it should be fractional, at least 6 times a day. The diet also depends on whether the stomach has been removed completely or partially.
Products after removal of the stomach
After the intervention, the first days of the patient are fed with a special probe with liquid food. Patients without a stomach are fed in the first days after its resection parenterally or through a tube. It depends on the severity of their condition. Parenteral nutrition is the supply of essential proteins, carbohydrates and fatty acids through the infusion of special solutions through a vein. Tube feeding is carried out through a tube inserted into the oral cavity and esophagus. Food is served liquid and easily digestible. These requirements are adhered to due to the lack of enzymes synthesized by the stomach and the inability to digest complex food components without their help. After a couple of days, after conducting a control study of the state of the gastrointestinal tract, the patient is transferred to oral feeding with pureed food. Basically it's porridge and baked apples.
Further nutrition
After a few days after the operation, with the restoration of a certain functional ability of the gastrointestinal tract, you can eat vegetable soups, soft-boiled eggs, steamed omelettes, fruit and berry jellies. The main thing is to adhere to the frequency and fraction of power. The weight of one serving should not exceed 400 g. This is correct, since the remote organ can no longer perform the function of a reservoir containing a larger volume of food. Later, dairy products, dietary meat (rabbit), natural fruit juices and jelly are introduced into the diet. Milk is consumed only diluted with water. Liquids at a time should not be consumed more than 200 ml. The diet is prescribed for several months in advance.
What can't you eat?
Such patients will have to stop eating citrus fruits.
If the stomach has already been removed, it is forbidden to eat extractive foods. These include too sour and bitter dishes. For example, citrus fruits, grapes, currants, sauerkraut and red peppers will cause increased secretion in the gastrointestinal tract. The inability to neutralize acid processes with mucus and bicarbonates, previously secreted by the goblet cells of the stomach, will lead to their aggressive effect on the intestinal walls. This can be complicated by ulceration. It is undesirable to use confectionery, carbonated drinks, smoked meats, honey, strong tea and coffee, flour products, dishes with spices and legumes.
Stomach cancer: symptoms, causes, treatment
Gastric cancer is a change in the cell type of the epithelium that lines the surface of the stomach. Most often, the tumor occurs due to damage to the walls of the organ by Helocobacter pylori microorganisms. Other causes of the disease include:
- Viral infections.
- Junk food (carcinogens provoke the appearance of atypical cells).
- Irradiation.
- Bad habits.
- Immunodeficiency.
- Precancerous diseases - ulcers, erosions, polyps, atrophic gastritis, etc.
- hereditary predisposition.
Clinical signs of stomach cancer:
- Pain in the sternum (often mistaken for the consequences of angina pectoris or high blood pressure) is not relieved by taking medication.
- Constant discomfort in the stomach.
- Chronic fatigue, weight loss.
- Aversion to many foods.
- Nausea after eating (vomit often contains blood).
- Paleness of mucous membranes.
- Change in color and consistency of stool.
- Belching, stool disorder.
The most common diagnostic method is gastroendoscopy with the taking of biological material; it can be performed by any oncology center. The patient is also interviewed, ultrasound diagnostics, histology and cytology tests, laparoscopy, tumor markers. Treatment depends on the stage of the disease, mainly surgical removal of the affected area (endoscopic resection or band surgery), supplemented by chemotherapy. After resection of the stomach, the patient can lead a normal life, subject to regular preventive examinations and following the recommendations of nutritionists. If the organ is completely removed, the small intestine begins to perform the functions of the stomach.
General information about the diet
First stage. The first two days, active therapy is carried out, the patient is fed by intravenous administration of solutions. Parenteral nutrition is prescribed by a specialist, taking into account individual characteristics. If the doctor does not find congestion after the examination, you can start giving the patient a rosehip broth, sweetened compote and tea. After a day or two, they begin to give slimy soups, mashed meat and fish. From the 6th day pureed vegetable purees and cereals (up to 50g per serving). Gradually, the amount of food can be increased to 300g.
Second phase. The duration of the diet after stomach surgery oncology is at least 4 months. If during this time complications have appeared or the inflammatory process has not decreased, the diet is maintained for a long time. This is a complete diet that contains enough proteins, fats and carbohydrates, but mechanical and chemical irritants are completely excluded.
Diet Tips:
- The transition from mashed and crushed food to not mashed food should be gradual.
- New products are added in a small amount, observe the reaction of the body.
- The diet after removal of the stomach for cancer is especially strict, it is prescribed only by a doctor.
- After the rehabilitation period, the patient should receive a minimum of 140 g of protein, 300 g of carbohydrates and 100 g of fat. Caloric content - not less than 2800 kcal.
- All dishes are boiled or steamed.
- The temperature of ready meals should not exceed 55 degrees. If, after consuming warm food, the patient begins to vomit, you can replace it with cool (15 degrees).
- Often, cancer patients are diagnosed with hypercalcemia - an increased amount of calcium in the body. It is necessary to limit the amount of dairy products, and eat more fish and meat - they saturate the body with protein and phosphorus.
- You need to be more careful with drinking: if kidney function is not impaired, the amount of fluid is 2 liters per day. Drink no more than 1 glass at a time.
- You need to eat fractionally, in small portions, 5-6 times a day. To improve appetite, it is better to consume food outdoors.
- Stimulate the digestive tract pumpkin, beets, zucchini, carrots, sweet fruits. You can learn about the benefits of beets here: Beet diet: lose weight and cleanse the body
- During chemotherapy, you need to eat more high-calorie foods, because after the administration of drugs, appetite is lost, nausea increases. Tasty-smelling seasonings, fruits can stimulate appetite.
- Try to consume food at the same time: digestion will be faster, and the mucous membrane will not be irritated in vain.
- Give up snacks, dry food, eating on the go - such eating habits harm even a healthy stomach.
- Do not self-medicate, follow the recommendations of your doctor.
Allowed and prohibited products
During the rehabilitation period, the following products are allowed:
- Dietary bread, crackers, biscuit cookies (not earlier than 4-5 weeks after resection).
- Soft-boiled eggs or in the form of an omelet.
- Soups with vegetables and cereals, low-fat broths.
- Sour-milk products (kefir, curdled milk, fermented baked milk, cottage cheese, acidophilus milk) only if the patient tolerates them well. Read more about the properties and benefits of milk here: Milk: useful properties and calorie content
- Lean meat (pre-remove tendons and skin) - chicken, rabbit, veal, turkey.
- Low-fat fish and seafood (crayfish, squid, pike perch, hake, cod, carp, pangasius, etc.).
- Vegetables and greens (pumpkin, zucchini, beets, carrots, potatoes, cauliflower). By the way, zucchini is not only tasty, but also a healthy vegetable, see for yourself: Useful properties of zucchini
- Sweet fruits and berries - they make jelly, mousses, kissels, compotes. You can baked apples and peaches.
- Boiled vermicelli, semolina, rice, oatmeal.
- Butter, sunflower, olive oil.
- Mild hard cheese.
- Natural vegetable and fruit juices, weak coffee, tea, rosehip broth, herbal teas.
- Fatty meats and fish.
- Rich broths.
- Soda, alcoholic drinks, packaged juices.
- Fresh bread, pastries, sweets.
- Marinades, canned food, pickles, smoked meats.
- Fatty and fried foods.
- Unripe fruits and fruits with coarse fiber (quince, pears, etc.).
- Some vegetables (cabbage, tomatoes, spinach, turnips, radishes, legumes).
- Hard boiled eggs.
- Foods with a high content of acids (for example, citrus fruits).
