How to get rid of onion pests. How to deal with onion pests and what should be done for treatment? Protection of strawberries and victoria from strawberry-raspberry weevil
No garden can be imagined without onions. This healthy vegetable is included in the recipe of many dishes, and is also an excellent medicine that has no contraindications and side effects. Onions are capable of giving an excellent harvest with good care, because they are resistant to adverse weather conditions and are not too picky about the soil. Onions can be damaged by more than 50 types of pests and diseases. The most important are pests and diseases of the underground parts of onions grown for turnips: onion root mites, fly larvae (onion and hoverfly), bottom rot. Leaf pests and diseases - onion secretive trunk, tobacco (onion) thrips, onion downy mildew, smut. During storage, onion mites and gray neck rot can cause significant damage. Depending on the classification and stage of the disease, you should know how and how to treat onions from pests, what diseases are.
Disease resistant onion varieties
Separately, winter varieties of onions should be singled out, thanks to the cultivation of which it is possible to get fresh onions to the table all year round, in particular, at the beginning of summer, when the winter stocks of vegetables have already come to an end. Early-ripening winter varieties are sown in the 2-3 decades of August, late-ripening - in February-March. Of the most successful and sought-after varieties, one can name Glacier, Ellan, Swift, Alike, Radar, Yurzhek, Eldorado, Stimulus.
Pay special attention to the universal varieties of domestic selection Mavka and Lyubchik. Mavka is a mid-season (vegetation period 102-114 days) high-yielding variety of red lettuce onion. The bulbs are flat-round, dense, weighing 75-100 g. Forms powerful outer scales that protect the bulb well during storage. The inner scales are thick, very juicy and crispy. Suitable for long-term storage, processing and fresh consumption. Lyubchik is a mid-early variety (85-100 days), recommended for growing in an annual crop from seeds and sets. The bulbs are dense, elongated-oval, weighing 100-150 g, semi-sharp taste. Dry scales are yellow, juicy - white, in the upper part with greenery. The variety is valued for its excellent taste. Suitable for long term storage.
Fusarium rot of onion stem
The disease is caused by a bacterium located in the soil, which affects the tops of the plant and leads to the death of the feather along the entire length, as well as to the decay of the turnip, the bulb becomes softer and more watery, and the characteristic rot of the onion bottom appears. The causes that influence the onset of the disease are:
- excess moisture in the soil;
- untimely harvest;
- low-quality planting material;
- the growing season takes place in hot weather.
Take preventive measures during the preparation of the soil for planting. Use chemicals for soil treatment - 2% Iprodione (use according to the instructions), TMTD fungicide will disinfect the soil and seeds, a suspension is prepared in equal parts of water and the preparation, not compatible with preparations containing copper. 0.5% copper sulfate disinfects the soil (50 g of the substance is diluted in 10 liters of water).
Follow the rules to prevent onion fusarium:
- disinfect planting material (solution of potassium permanganate, Fitosporin);
- use early and early varieties of onions;
- till the soil before planting (the above methods are indicated);
- alternate the landing sites of onions;
- loosen and weed beds;
- harvest in a timely manner.
The disease may appear after harvest and spread to healthy bulbs, observe the storage conditions - put the onions in wooden boxes, the room must be ventilated, constant temperature +5 ° C, air humidity 60%.
Gray rot on onions
The infection is well preserved on planting material, infecting the soil and, accordingly, the entire crop through loose scales. When pressing on the turnip, the skin sags in the neck area, and a gray coating is visible on the surface.
The fight against the disease consists of the following activities:
- disinfection of sevka before planting;
- soil enrichment with phosphorus-potassium fertilizer;
- timely removal of damaged plants from the plantation;
- moderate watering and soil moisture control;
- proper collection of root crops;
- airing and drying onions after assembly;
- creation of crop storage conditions;
- periodic bulkhead to remove rotten turnips.
Black rot on onions
Bulbs are affected by this disease mainly when stored improperly. Namely, high temperature and poor ventilation. First, the affected bulbs become soft, and then the scales dry out, the entire bulb becomes mummified, and a black dusty mass forms between the scales. The causative agent of aspargillosis is a very common mold fungus, which is transmitted both by direct contact and through the air. The most susceptible to this disease are unripened, thick-necked, poorly dried bulbs.
Control and prevention measures:
- careful preparation of onions for storage (heating and drying at recommended temperatures);
- disinfection of the onion storage room;
- strict adherence to the temperature and humidity conditions of storage.
The best protection of onions from diseases and pests is to carry out preventive measures. The main thing is to know how to process the onion before laying it in the ground. In order for the harvested crop to be stored as long as possible and not rotting, it is necessary to dry it and send it to storage in a room with good ventilation.
Powdery mildew on onions
Sometimes powdery mildew or downy mildew can spread to onion plantings. It is necessary to fight such diseases immediately after they are discovered, since the bulb affected by the fungus is no longer suitable for consumption. If there is powdery mildew in the garden, then at an advanced stage of the disease, it can spread to other plants. Feather peronosporosis is considered the most harmful and common disease that can affect varieties such as onion, batun, slug and sevok.
Ways to protect onions exist, and gardeners need to know how to secure their plantings. First of all, it is necessary to inspect the onion daily: the appearance can suggest the presence of powdery mildew. The onion feather may become yellowish, stained or rusty. Powdery mildew can even attack plantings of perennial onions. If it became noticeable that the onion turns yellow, this is a possible sign of a fungal disease. To prevent rust from attacking, you need to treat the plants with anti-fungal preparations.
What to do and how to process the onion if it turns yellow
If the calendar is August-September, then the question of why the onion turns yellow in the garden should not bother summer residents. This is a natural process, the crop is ripe and will soon need to be harvested.
But if now is the beginning of summer and the onion is turning yellow, then you need to decide what to water to cope with this problem. After all, such a process is a serious problem that can leave gardeners without a crop.
How to process onions if they turn yellow due to pests
First you need to decide who is in it. It could be:
- onion fly;
- onion secretive proboscis and thrips;
- stem nematode;
- onion moth.
A general tip to reduce the impact of all pests is that it should not be planted in the same bed every year. The minimum time that it is desirable to withstand a bed without onions is 4 years. Then it is more likely that it will not turn yellow due to pests remaining in the soil.
The treatment of plantings from onion flies, hoverflies and their larvae is carried out using the preparations Fufanon, Bazudin. The number of procedures is 2. To combat a pest like an onion moth, a working solution based on Iskra M is suitable. A solution of karbofos is used against caterpillars, secretive proboscis, and its larvae. From small pests, it is recommended to treat the onion with a solution of colloidal sulfur. It is almost impossible to overcome them with standard fungicides.
From folk remedies for the protection of culture, an infusion of tobacco and black pepper can be distinguished. It is prepared as follows:
- Steam 200 g of tobacco in 3 liters of water.
- Three days later, 1 tsp is poured into the resulting infusion. black pepper and 1 tbsp. l. liquid soap.
- Add another 10 liters of water to the mixture, filter.
- Plants are sprayed.
Gardeners and agricultural enterprises are constantly faced with the emergence of diseases that can cause great damage to onion plantings. To prevent this from happening, it is necessary to take preventive measures and follow the rules for growing them, as well as to know what infections onions are prone to, their causes, remedies and methods of dealing with them.
There are about fifty types of fungi and pests that cause onion diseases.
Major diseases
There are about fifty types of fungi and pests that can cause various onion diseases. They appear both in the open field and in the greenhouse. Some of the common diseases are peronosporosis, neck rot, jaundice, fusarium.
Powdery mildew. This common bacterial infection is called downy mildew. It manifests itself in such well-known varieties as turnip, batun, leek. Bulbs change shape, stop their development. The fungus, which is the causative agent of peronosporosis, leads to the fact that a yellowish coating forms on the leaves of the plant and their gradual death begins. For treatment it is necessary to take the following measures:
- Apply fertilizers from potassium and phosphorus. This will increase the resistance of the vegetable to infection, enhance protection against peronosporosis.
- To combat peronosporosis, it is necessary to carry out preventive treatment with fungicides.
- When growing, you can not thicken the plantings and start the growth of weeds.
- When signs of peronosporosis appear, they stop watering the crop and no longer feed the soil with nitrogen fertilizers. If by that time the bulbs are formed, they must be removed and dried in the sun for two weeks.
The development of powdery mildew or downy mildew is facilitated by bad weather conditions.
Gray (cervical) rot. This is a dangerous disease of onions, which is characterized by a gradual defeat of the scales near the neck. Early ripening varieties, such as batun, are less susceptible to infection. It usually occurs through the soil or affected bulbs after harvest, both in the garden bed and in the greenhouse. The infection is spread by rain and pests. To combat gray rot, it is necessary to take measures:
- you need to use only healthy planting material when growing, choose early varieties for sowing;
- to provide protection against rot, the soil is fertilized with nitrogen substances, and at the end of ripening, potassium and phosphorus are used.
Neck, or gray rot - one of the most dangerous onion diseases
Fusarium. The disease is manifested by softening of the bottom of the bulb, the death of the root system. The leaves turn yellow and the bulb dies. This fungal disease is often found in onions and batun.
Regarding the treatment, it is necessary to take measures for tillage before cultivation. Only quality planting material should be used. Diseased plants must be removed immediately. They are destroyed, and the rest are treated with a special preparation. A folk remedy is also suitable: a decoction of horsetail or an infusion of ash.
Fusarium - softening of the bottom of the bulb and the death of the root system
Onion jaundice. It affects all varieties of vegetables, but its signs are most clearly visible on the inflorescences of turnips and leeks. With the development of this onion disease, the leaves of the root crops become spotty, their arrows turn yellow.
This virus is not treatable. The fight against it involves the regular removal of diseased plants. At the same time, all weeds are removed, spraying is carried out.
Pests
Diseases can cause some pests:
Onion fly. It affects the fruits, penetrating into the bulbs in the form of larvae. From this, the vegetable stops growing and rots, the feathers become yellow and dry. Of the types of onions, the fly prefers turnip, leek and batun. In the event that diseases with signs of these pests are identified, a number of appropriate measures must be taken to protect against insects and control them:
- It is necessary to treat the soil around the root crops by spraying. To do this, mix three hundred grams of table salt and ten liters of water. Root crops are treated with this solution every 10 days, watering them under the root, without touching the leaves.
- The bulbs are planted far from their previous place of cultivation.
Onion fly is found in all regions of Russia
Root tick. Various varieties of vegetables are susceptible to infection. These moisture-loving pests very often infect onions, batun and leeks. The bulbs rot, a fungus forms. Thus, you will have to fight both the tick and the fungus. Measures taken to eradicate the tick:
- if a plot of land was infected with a tick, it is not worth growing such plants on it for three years;
- one of the ways to deal with it is the heat treatment of fruits;
- you can get rid of the insect during the growing period by spraying the plants with a 0.2 percent solution of celtan.
Onion moth. This small butterfly gnaws out the flesh of the leaf, forming passages in the tissues. The leaves are gradually dying off. These insects are common pests of batun, onion and leek. Moth control measures:
- plants must be sprayed;
- be sure to clean up post-harvest residues;
- the soil is deeply plowed and loosened.
Greenhouse conditions and diseases
Growing onions in a greenhouse will help reduce the risk of certain infections. After all, in such a room it is easier to maintain the temperature regime, to observe humidity. Ventilation and air circulation in the greenhouse will help to avoid the formation of mold and fungus. Nevertheless, it will not be possible to completely get rid of all pathogenic fungi and infections. For example, downy mildew can cause damage both in the field and in the greenhouse. Therefore, to combat it, the soil for planting must be treated with special means.
When growing onions in a greenhouse, a leaf cutting procedure is carried out so that dry leaves do not become a source of disease. Resistance to them also depends on the varieties of onion-batun. With proper care in a well-equipped greenhouse, you can grow a decent crop of green onions from it.
Along with peronosporosis and fusarium, diseases such as onion bacteriosis, smut, anthracnose, cercosporosis and others are common. It is necessary to apply some preventive measures in order to provide vegetables with protection from infections and pests:
- It is necessary to start growing onions with the preparation of a greenhouse, disinfection of the soil in the garden. If you plan to grow green onions, you can not spray vegetables.
- Compliance with crop rotation.
- After the harvest is harvested, measures must be taken to ensure comfortable storage conditions.
- The crop is harvested after full ripening. The bulbs are well dried and only after that they are sent for storage.
It is much easier to prevent the onset of a disease than to deal with it later. Therefore, it is important to follow the rules for caring for plants.
The main condition for obtaining a healthy crop of onions and garlic is crop rotation. It is impossible to return lily crops (onions, garlic) to the previous garden bed earlier than after 4-5 years.
Before storing onions and garlic for storage, it is necessary to disinfect the storage for 2 months with a solution of bleach (400 g per 10 liters of water). Before planting the seeds, it is recommended to warm them up with warm air (40°-42°) for 10 hours.
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: On different types of plants, signs of the disease can manifest themselves in different ways. It can be rotting of the head, cobweb raids on the underside of the leaves, white bloom on root crops, rotting of the bottom of the onion ... Often the disease is common in storage facilities. The disease is especially pronounced on lettuce, parsley, cucumber, carrots, horseradish, cabbage, peppers, beans, onions, sunflowers. |
: harmful centipede - an insect pest similar to a long-legged mosquito, body length up to 2.5 cm. The larvae of the pachypod overwinter in the soil. In the spring, they begin to feed on humus on the roots of plants, damaging them in the garden and greenhouses, causing great harm to young plants. The harmful pachyderm damages cabbage, celery, leek and other vegetable plants in the garden. |
Diseases and pests of onions and garlic
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To grow healthy onions and garlic, you need to know what diseases, onion and garlic pests can threaten vegetables that are so necessary for health and tasty. In this article, we have collected information on how to deal with the main pests and how to save the crop. It must be said that these plants, so useful and tasty, often suffer from stem nematodes. The nematode is a small worm that likes to lay its eggs in the roots of plants. This leads to the fact that the onion heads begin to crack, and the garlic begins to disintegrate into teeth. Plant leaves are deformed. Onion processing before planting. To disinfect the onion sets from the nematode, before planting, the planting material must be soaked for two days in an aqueous salt solution at the rate of 3 tbsp. spoons in a bucket of water. Onion disease controlIn the photo, the onion fly strikes the onion so. An onion fly is considered an equally dangerous pest of garlic and onions. The larvae of this insect penetrate the bulb itself through the bottom or at the very base of the leaves, which usually leads to the death of the bulbs. Usually, the raid of onion flies begins in the spring, and it coincides with the cherry blossoms. 20 days after the eggs are laid, the larvae hatch from them, which go deep into the ground and pupate there. Young flies fly out to replace them, and everything repeats all over again.
If possible, plant marigolds side by side. An attentive gardener and gardener can avoid the next misfortune in the struggle for the harvest. Downy mildew on onions and garlicThis disease of vegetables is especially relevant in the rainy season. Blurry spots begin to appear on the leaves of plants, which begin to gradually increase in size, forming a gray coating, which is fungal spores. These spores are able to scatter with gusts of wind in different directions, infecting other plants. Methods for processing, protecting onions and garlic from downy mildew.
How to treat onions from pests: folk methods for downy mildew
Everyone in the house has dairy products, do not pour out sour milk, fermented milk whey from kefir. Lactic acid bacteria have a negative effect on the powdery mildew pathogen and at the same time do not harm plants. Recipe for onion diseases - powdery mildew: spraying agent is made from sour-milk whey separated from dairy products. We take cold water and dilute its serum in a ratio of 1:8 -1 to 10. Stir until a homogeneous state is obtained. Pour the prepared solution into spray containers. Now in the morning or in the evening you can process the plants. Harvest and storage of onions and garlicTo prevent onion cervical rot, you must try to remove the vegetable immediately after it ripens, without delaying this matter. After the neck begins to dry out and the feathers fade, you have a signal - you need to start harvesting. After the onions and garlic are dug out, they are dried in the wind and sun for 3-4 days, usually leaving them right on the ridges. Of course, it is better to choose a sunny day in August for harvesting. Gently remove the earth from the garlic, shaking it off with your hands, you must try not to damage the scales (the quality of storage and disease resistance depend on them). It is necessary to dry these medicinal vegetable crops in the sun, you can move them closer to the house and spread the onions and garlic on an oilcloth. The remaining leaves should be cut off. Cut the onion so that the tail of the vegetable remains about 3 cm. Store harvested onions and garlic< надо в картонных коробках или корзинах в прохладном, но сухом помещении. Также сплетают их в " косы" и подвешивают в кладовых, при этом уберегая от холода и влаги. Learn more about the growing popularity, very useful daikon vegetable Marigolds - protection of plants from pests Now, coupons for discounts, for various entertainment and recreational activities and goods are of great interest among Internet users. To navigate where what discount promotion is held, there are specialized discount sites. Perm discount coupons can be obtained by any resident or guest of Perm and other regions on the Couponator discount website. ©foto-flora.ru |
Onions suffer from onion fly damage from year to year. The first flight of the fly is celebrated when the dandelions bloom. At this time, a repellent is used - they are watered with ammonia (1 tablespoon per bucket of water).
This event is held every week. A bed for onions must be moved to a different place every year, the best predecessor is carrots.
The pre-planting seed treatment helps the onion grow healthy - warming up in the sun a few hours before planting, soaking in hot strong potassium permanganate, and then dusting with ash. You can powder the onions with bazudin, but in no case should you use such an onion on a feather - the drug is poisonous.
As soon as the bow emerges from the ground, the stealth bounty attacks. The feather becomes pale, inside it the larvae of the secretive proboscis settle. For prevention, it is necessary to constantly sprinkle onions with ashes, cut off and destroy the affected feather.
Onion fly (Delia antiqua Mg.) and hoverfly (Eumerus strigatus Fall.) are dangerous pests of onion plants that damage the underground parts of onion, batun, leek, shallot, garlic. Pests are common in all areas of cultivation of onion plants and are especially harmful on sandy and loamy soils, as well as on household plots with permanent cultivation. The puparium (pupa in a reddish-brown, shiny cocoon, about 7 mm long) overwinters in the soil on depth from 10 to 20 cm.
The flight of the first generation of flies begins in early May at a sum of effective temperatures of 103-141°C (this coincides with the flowering of lilacs) and lasts 30-40 days. The flies are ash-gray, with a distinct brownish longitudinal line on the abdomen.
Flies emerging after overwintering feed on the nectar of flowering plants. 5-10 days after emergence, females lay eggs (5-12 each) near plants, in cracks in the soil, between the bulb and the soil, openly on the soil, leaves, in the axils of the leaves and between the dry scales of the bulb.
After 4-6 days at an air temperature of 18.5-21.5°C and a relative air humidity of 65-75%, larvae hatch. The adult larva is white, legless, narrowed in front and expanded at the posterior end, up to 10 mm long.
On the oblique segment there are two spiracles, and along the edges there are 16 small outgrowths (tubercles), of which 4 lower middle outgrowths are most noticeable. Of all types of onions, female onion flies prefer onions.
Moreover, the plants of the first generation are the most populated. On crops of Nigella for sets, oviposition is already noted, starting from the phase of 2-3 true leaves. The larvae hatching from the eggs penetrate into the underground part of the bulb, damaging the conducting bundles of the plant.
If there is not enough food for the further development of the larva, it moves to a neighboring plant. In damaged plants, the bulbs rot, the leaves turn yellow, wither and dry. Plants are easily pulled out of the soil.
On onions of the second year of development (sevok on a turnip) at the beginning of the growing season, the fly lays eggs mainly on the soil and the bulb, as the plants develop, in the axils of the leaves and openly on the leaves. Hatching larvae migrate to the plant and actively penetrate into it either through the bottom or through the neck.
At the same time, the former feed on the tissues of the bottom (false stem), the latter - on the tissues of fleshy scales and leaves. Regardless of the type of damage, onion sets die when only 1-2 larvae are introduced into the plant.
The same is observed on turnip plants (especially in the first half of the growing season), if their growth point is damaged. Larvae of the first generation damage onions in May - June. Their development lasts about 20 days.
Then, having finished feeding, they emerge from the bulb into the soil and pupate in it. In the end of June - in the first half of July, the years of flies of the second generation begin. There are few of them, since a significant part of the individuals (up to 35%) of the first generation go into diapause.
The onion fly develops in two generations. Onion fly larvae in the early stages of development cause the greatest harm to plants.
As a result of the research, it was found that all types and varieties of onion during the growing season are to some extent populated and damaged by the phytophage. But the main type of onion, which is largely damaged by two-winged pests, is onion.
Severely damaged (up to 44.5%) sweet onion varieties (Yalta local, Orange), which have a minimum content of solids (6-9.7%) and essential oil (0.018-0.025%). On the crops of these varieties, the maximum number of eggs laid is noted - 14.8-18.2 eggs/plant.
On sharp varieties (Strigunovsky, Skvirsky, Zolotisty) with a high content of solids (up to 18%) and essential oil (up to 0.05%), the number of eggs laid per plant and onion fly damage are 3-4 times lower compared to sweet varieties of onions. The peninsular varieties Lugansky and Karatalsky with an average content of secondary substances occupy a middle position, the damage of which is about 26%.
Studies have shown that, depending on the number of nests in the bulb, onion varieties with 1-2 nests were less populated and damaged by the onion fly. So, crops of multi-nested shallots with 6-7 nests were almost half populated by pests, and their damage was at the level of 40.5%.
At a time when the population of small and medium nested onion varieties was at the level of 20.5-28.0%, and damage was 10-21.6%. This indicates that onion fly larvae can leave damaged plants and crawl onto others only when the plants are very close to each other.
Onion hoverfly. The fly is 7-10 cm long, shiny, greenish-bronze, there are three semi-lunar spots on the top of the abdomen. The male differs from the female in larger eyes, almost contiguous at the base of the antennae.
The pest overwinters in the pupal stage (in puparia) in the soil at a depth of 10-25 cm and in the larval stage (middle and older ages) in the plant remains of uterine bulbs, as well as in planting material laid down for storage, in which they form puparia by the middle of winter. and pupate. Thanks to this intraspecific flexibility, the population of the onion hoverfly is constantly maintained at a high level.
The onion hoverfly takes off at the end of May. The fly is active throughout the daylight hours, and high temperatures are not a deterrent.
After additional feeding on nectar, the female selects well-lit open areas and lays white eggs, somewhat concave in the middle part, on the surface of the soil near the plant, on the outer covering scales and in the neck of the bulb. After 4-7 days, larvae hatch, the distinctive morphological feature of which is the presence of spiracles that are clearly visible to the naked eye, protruding at the posterior end of the body, as well as their high plasticity.
In the bulb, the larvae feed on the succulent internal tissues of the plant for 17-25 days, mainly in the lower, basal part. They molt three times, after which they form a false, light yellow cocoon with a brownish tint.
In July, flies of the second generation fly out, the larvae of which damage onions and garlic of late planting dates. The onion secretive trunk (weevil) (Cruthorrhynchus jakovlevi Schultze.) is a small beetle 2-2.7 mm long. His body is black, covered with white scales, oval in shape, with a long, slightly curved rostrum, clavate-articulated antennae.
The end of the head is extended into a "proboscis", usually bent down. The abdomen is not covered with elytra. It damages turnips, batun, most often shallots, less often garlic and leeks.
Beetles hibernate under plant remains, dried grass and lumps of soil on the sod slopes of ditches, ravines, along roadsides, forest belts. They wake up early in spring, in the second half of April (according to observations, their years coincide with the flowering of dandelion).
At first, the beetles feed mainly on sprouted bulbs left in the field, then they move to early onion crops. They gnaw small holes in the leaves and, plunging their proboscis into them, eat out small cavities in the pulp of the leaf, under the skin.
Damage looks like round whitish spots located along the edge of the leaf. Seedling onion seedlings are especially affected. Often they dry up and die.
It should be noted that in recent years, the number and harmfulness of the onion secretive trunk has greatly increased, which is primarily due to high temperatures and lack of precipitation during its development (end of April - May). Females lay small, whitish, round-oval eggs through a hole they made in the feather on the inside of the leaves.
The larvae hatching after 5-16 days are yellowish, legless, C-shaped bent, with a brown head, up to 6.5 mm long, gnaw passages in the pulp of the leaves, while whitish longitudinal stripes form on the outside. The leaves turn yellow, starting from the top, badly damaged - they dry out.
If there are 3-5 larvae on one leaf, especially in dry, hot weather, the seedlings die. The larvae stop harming by early June, and new leaves grow on the affected plants. However, the yield as a result of the "activity" of the secretive hobo is significantly reduced.
The larvae develop for 15-20 days, then gnaw holes in the leaves, go into the soil and pupate at a depth of 3-6 cm. The pupa is in the soil, in a loose earthen cradle.
The second generation of beetles appears in late June - early July and feeds on leaf tissues and inflorescences of onion plants in summer. With complete gnawing of succulent pedicels, the flowers die, and with partial gnawing, feeble seeds are obtained. Onion moth (Acrolepia assectella Zell.) Damages onions, leeks and partially garlic during the growing season.
Butterflies overwinter in plant debris. Butterfly up to 12-14 mm in wingspan, the front ones are brown with large stripes and spots, and the rear ones are gray with a long fringe. The flight of onion moth butterflies begins in mid-May.
They fly at night, soon after additional feeding on nectar, they mate and lay yellowish, rounded, up to 0.4 mm long eggs on the underside of the leaf, on the neck of the bulb, onion and garlic flower arrows. After 5-7 days, yellowish-green caterpillars with brown warts hatch, which penetrate the leaf, arrows and inflorescences, eat out the rudiments of flowers, and during the flowering of plants they gnaw the pedicels.
Caterpillars pupate on leaves, on the soil surface near the bulbs. The development of the pupa lasts 9-12 days. In July, butterflies of a new generation fly out, the caterpillars of which usually harm in the second half of July and in August.
Tobacco (onion) thrips (Thrips tabaci Lind.) is most common in the southern regions of Ukraine (and today almost throughout Ukraine) and harms not only onions, but also cucumbers, watermelons, cabbage. With warm storage of onion sets and garlic (+18°C), thrips feed and multiply throughout the winter, significantly reducing their planting qualities.
Thrips overwinters in the upper layer of soil, in plant debris under dry scales of onion and garlic. Appears on crops in late April - early May. The female lays up to 100 small whitish eggs, placing them one by one in the fleshy scales of the bulbs.
The root mite penetrates into mature bulbs through the bottom, which cracks and turns into a rotten mass. Thrips and their larvae feed by sucking the juice from the leaves. Whitish spots form on the leaves, which merge when severely damaged.
Damaged leaves turn yellow and dry out. On them you can see small black dots - pest excrement. The bulb of the affected plants is formed small. By the time the onions are harvested, if the weather is warm, thrips fly over to cabbage, cucumbers, and various weeds.
Onion crops are harmed by root (onion) mites (Rhizoglyphus echinopus R. et F.) and four-legged garlic mites (Aceria tulipae Keif.). Ticks are small arthropod insects, 0.5 to 1.1 mm long.
Moisture-loving and heat-loving organisms, weakly reproduce at temperatures above +13°C and relative humidity above 70%. They differ in fertility: one female lays up to 800 eggs. Each generation develops within 10-30 days.
When conditions worsen or there is a lack of food, a very persistent form of the pest (hypopus) appears. In this form, mites can exist for a long time without feeding. The root mite penetrates into mature bulbs through the bottom.
With a strong defeat, the outer scales lag behind the bottom - it becomes bare, becomes rotten, the bulb rots. With a weak lesion, the mites remain between the fleshy scales and damage the onion in storage.
The root mite can also feed on bulbs of hyacinths, daffodils, and even potato tubers and rotting root crops of carrots and beets. The garlic mite, unlike the root mite, damages the leaves and juicy scales on the outside of the bulb, and the onion sets are especially harmful.
Overwinters in bulbs, soil and seeds. In onion waste, on dry scales, being at rest, it can last more than two years, and in dried garlic - up to five.
When it enters a humid environment, the nematode leaves its dormant state and becomes active. After sowing or planting onions and garlic in infected soil, the stem nematode penetrates plant tissues and lays eggs in them. The emerging larvae and adult nematodes feed on the sap of plants, which at the same time lag behind in growth, their first cotyledon leaf swells and bends.
Severely damaged seedlings die. In plants, the leaves (feather) become deformed, wrinkled with yellowish veins, twist, and thicken in the lower part. The internal tissues of the bulbs on the cut have a loose granular structure.
Between the juicy scales of the diseased bulb, cavities often form (therefore, it is soft to the touch), its bottom cracks. Affected bulbs continue to break down during storage. The sevok dries up.
When garlic is infected with a nematode, it lags behind in growth, its false stem thickens, and longitudinal cracks form on it. The bulb becomes loose and wet, and it completely collapses. Onion leaf beetle (Lilioceris merdigera) is found everywhere, but harms in foci.
The beetle overwinters in plant debris. Before germination, it feeds on unharvested queen cells and seedlings discarded during planting, on shoots of overwintered last year's bulbs.
With the advent of seedlings, it passes to young arrows and inflorescences - it gnaws holes in the arrows, gnaws pedicels and flowers. Larvae damage leaves and arrows; pupate in the soil. Leaf beetle larvae are large and are harvested by hand.
The topic is immense, read more.
Damaged onions eat the bitter inner part of the culture, and it is not always possible to immediately notice them. As a result of such "raids" you can lose the entire crop. Fruits damaged by insects are exposed to soil microorganisms and rot. Consider the main and most common onion pests and determine what methods are best to deal with them in order to preserve your crop as much as possible.
is a dangerous pest of onions. It causes significant damage during the years of mass flight at the beginning of development and the period of onion growth. The culture sown with seeds for sowing suffers especially hard, because the larvae in dense stems crawl from the affected to the healthy one. If onions are grown from sets and thinning is not necessary, then the risk of infection is minimal.
Onions infected with stem or neck rot are particularly susceptible to onion and sprout fly larvae. Usually in the middle and northwestern strip, under favorable weather conditions, it gives two generations, and in the territories of the southern regions it has time for three. Main signs of damage are the withering of the plant in groups at the phases of the cotyledon and the first leaf: passages of larvae appear in the bulb itself, and the larvae themselves live in the leaves and bases of the cotyledons. In an older plant, the neck of the bulb and the bulb itself are damaged, which causes wilting and rotting of the culture, and then its death.
Regardless of where exactly the fly has taken root, the onion still dies if the growth point is damaged even by one or two larvae. Description. The adult fly has a light gray color and a body length of 6–8 mm. The wings are yellowish, the legs are black. The male has a dark strip along the abdomen and a row of setae on the hind tibia.
Eggs are elongated, white, 1.2 mm. Larvae are off-white in color, worm-like; back and abdomen rounded, narrowing at the anterior end, body up to 10 mm long; hooked jaws. On the posterior segment are two dark round plates with holes for breathing. The pupae of the fly are in a brown-yellow pseudococoon.
The primary spring invasion occurs during the flowering period of lilacs. Reproduction occurs due to additional feeding with nectars during the week.
Females lay eggs under lumps or between onion leaves, 5–20 pieces each. The egg laying period can last up to 1.5 months. Newly formed larvae gnaw through the neck of the leaves and penetrate into the flesh of the bulb itself, eating away its cavity, and then are able to migrate to other bulbs. Pupation of larvae occurs in two weeks next to the damaged onion in the ground.
How to fight with onion pests in the form of flies :
Did you know? Research scientists have proven that the substances that are in the composition of the onion and can cause aroma, taste and tear from its processing, negatively affect cancer cells.
Description of the moth. The butterfly is small in size with brown front wings, the caterpillar is green-yellowish and covered with small short villi. Butterflies, like pupae, endure wintering on the remains of onions, in sheds, greenhouses. Egg laying occurs in June on the back of the leaf, bulb or flower arrow.
Doing harm. After seven days, the larvae mature, which eat away the pulp of the leaves, and the skin on the outside remains intact. The caterpillar penetrates the inside of the bulb or the neck and can even damage the inflorescences. Pupation of caterpillars occurs on onion leaves in the first period of June: in the ground, on weeds, plant remains. After two weeks, butterflies form. The caterpillar is capable of causing damage to the bow throughout the entire period of growth, since it can give two or even three generations over the summer.
Control measures:
Onion pests in the form of moths are very dangerous for the crop, so there are also many types of struggle against them with folk remedies: - infusion of ash - pour 300 g of ash with boiling water, stand, strain, add 40 g of liquid soap;
- garlic infusion - pass a large amount of garlic through a meat grinder, add water at the rate of 1: 1. Infuse in a warm place for at least a week in a tightly closed container. This infusion is called uterine and can be stored for a very long time. Treat with a solution: 70 g of infusion per bucket of water;
- tobacco infusion - 200 g of raw tobacco + 1 tablespoon of soap, pour hot boiled water. After it cools, strain through cheesecloth and process the onion, and especially the soil around it, at the rate of 1 liter per square meter;
- infusion based on red capsicum - 1 kg of pepper, cut in half, boil in a saucepan for 10 liters of water, strain after cooling. Processing is carried out at the rate of 130 g of concentrate per bucket of water + 40 g of soap. The concentrate itself should be bottled and stored in a cool, dark place.
Hoverfly is an infrequent pest guest, but no less harmful than a fly. Usually appears on onions and causes harm in the second half of the growing season.
Damage are manifested by stunting and yellowing of the leaves, and then their wilting. The bulb becomes soft and acquires an unpleasant specific smell. If a group of root beetles attacked one bulb, then it turns into a black putrefactive mass.
Description. Medium-sized stocky flies. The female (up to 7 mm) is slightly larger than the male (up to 6 mm). In female hoverflies, the abdomen is flat, while in males, the apex is slightly swollen. The body is bronze-green, and the back with two light gray stripes. Black mustache. The abdomen is blue, green. Paws brown-black or just black. Females lay their eggs on already weakened plants, which can be damaged by other pests. Laying is carried out in small groups, one female brings up to 100 eggs. Control measures the same as with the onion fly.
Did you know? The composition of natural sugar in onions is much higher than in pears and apples. One bulb contains up to 6% sugar. When fried, the caustic substances evaporate, and the onion becomes sweet.
Onions are a favorite delicacy of tobacco thrips. This pest causes damage to both the bulb itself and the leaves. For the wintering period, it hides in dry onion scales and reduces the quality of the vegetable.
Damages fleshy scales that become rough and then completely dry. Whitish stripes and dark dots appear on the leaf (thrips excrement). Leaves that are severely affected completely change their color to whitish, twist and dry. Onion growth stops, the seeds are mostly unsuitable for crops. Imago has an elongated shape with narrow wings that are folded along the entire body. Body - 1–1.5 mm, has a general yellowish color. Antennae yellow, eyes red. The short forewings are darker in tone than the long hindwings.
Eggs are white, kidney-shaped. The larva has two growth stages. At the first, a light-colored larva feeds on a plant; with growth, a yellow-green intestine is visible on the abdomen. At the second stage, it does not feed on onions, but is in the ground. It hibernates in dry onion leaves in storages, or under a layer of soil on the territory of the landing site.
The female brings up to 100 eggs, which are placed one at a time in the leaf tissue under the skin. In just 3-7 days, larvae appear. Generational development in a warm area reaches 2–4 weeks.
It is not difficult to determine on the bow, but not everyone knows how to deal with them, because not all chemicals affect them. The most effective in the practice of experienced gardeners proved to be:
Important! Two contiguous treatments in time should be observed with an interval of no more than 7 days. The reason for this is that eggs and nymphs are highly resistant to drugs, or the drug may not reach them immediately.
Deals damage in bursts. In the southern lane it can give two generations, and in the middle lanes it usually gives one. The onion rattle can often be confused with the lily; their only difference is that the lily has black legs and head, and the onion is red.
Damages onions, gnawing through holes, as a result of which the leaves break. An adult is able to penetrate inside the tubular sheet.
Description. The bugs are completely bright red in color, only the tip of the abdomen is black, 6 mm in length. Eggs 1 mm long, orange, smooth. Six-legged larva, dots of black on the sides, off-white itself. Legs, head and thoracic shield are black. A brown mass forms around the larva due to the fact that it covers itself with excrement.
How to process onions from these pests:
to combat the ratchet, use the drugs used in the systems of integrated control of the number of phytophages - "Proclaim", "Spintor" (use according to the instructions). 
Description. Beetle up to 3 mm long. At the end of the head there is a "proboscis" bent down. Antennae club-shaped, thickened at the end, articulated. The body is black, but because of the white scales it appears gray. There is a white strip along the elytral suture. Paws are red-brown.
Eggs are white, round, small - up to 0.5 mm. The female lays them in April, and after two weeks the larvae appear, which can damage 100% of the onion leaves. One sheet can contain from 7 to 17 larvae. Larvae are yellow, with a brown head, without legs, up to 7 mm. Then, through the leaves, the larva gnaws its way into the bulb, and from it it emerges into the ground and begins to pupate. The larval stage lasts up to one month. The beetle hibernates in lumps of soil and under dried grass. Wakes up in early spring. 
Damages initially diseased sprouted bulbs that have not been removed from the site, then move on to new crops. It pierces onion leaves with its nose and feeds on the pulp. Affected leaves acquire whitish, rounded spots, similar to needle pricks. Then the leaves dry out and the plant dies. Onion crops planted with seeds suffer catastrophically.
The most effective protection from is the regular loosening of the soil in order to break the "earthen cradles" of pupae and wintering of the bug itself.
It is extremely dangerous for onions, in very infected areas there was a complete destruction of the crop.
Description. The stem nematode is a filamentous small worm, its structure can be seen with a microscope, the length is up to 1.5 mm, and the width is 0.04 mm. The ends of the body have constrictions, and in the mouth there is a needle-shaped stylet (hollow, passing into the esophagus), thanks to which it is able to suck the juice from plants. At the base, the stylet has three balloon-like swellings. The eggs are not visible to the naked eye and are measured in microns.
It can overwinter in the soil, in the onion itself and its seeds. In dried plants, it remains viable for up to five years, and when it gets into a humid environment, it regains its vital activity.
Doing harm. It enters the onion both through the leaves and through the bulb itself from the side of the bottom. At the age of the larva and in the phase of the adult worm it feeds on plants. Egg deposition also occurs in onion tissues. Damage is dealt to a plant as soon as it begins to grow.
damaged bow in the early growth phase, it has a sluggish appearance, and the lesions are distinguished by thinner areas. When infected at a later stage of the growing season, the onion may have a healthy appearance, sometimes characterized by the appearance of white spots. But inside it is loose, the scales do not fit tightly to each other, the granularity of the structure of the fleshy scales appears, in the places of the lesion it is more refined and pigmented with white and brown spots. The onion may crack and the inner scales bulge outward. Such a plant rots at high humidity, or dries quickly at low humidity. 
The nematode usually strikes from the middle of summer. How to process onions from pests such as nematode worms is a difficult question, because the fight against a nematode rarely leads to its complete destruction. Drugs that can destroy it are very toxic to the plant itself. The main principle of removing the nematode is prevention:
- do not plant plants that are susceptible to nematode invasion in the same place for several years in a row;
- during harvesting, carefully select the sowing onions and repeat it in the spring before planting;
- produce deep loosening of the soil at the landing site;
- before planting onions in the ground, apply contact poisons in small doses.
The nematode does not tolerate temperatures above 40 ° C, therefore, an effective way to fight before planting is to soak the onion sets in water up to 55 ° C for 15–20 minutes. This method will not harm the culture, but will destroy the nematode.
Did you know? Fresh onion juice is very nutritious and healthy, perhaps for these reasons it attracts various pests.
Most often intensively affects onions during storage. Often it enters the bulb from the bottom, but it can also penetrate through damage caused by other pests. It settles between the scales of the bulb, and it gradually begins to rot.
Description of the pest. Female up to 0.2 mm long, elongated body, white, has two pairs of legs, which are located in front of the body. Shield without visor, semicircular. There are ring furrows on the skin: dorsal - up to 87, abdominal - up to 76. Larvae are smaller and with fewer rings. They lay one egg per day, 1 female is able to lay up to 25 eggs. Ripening occurs in three days at temperatures above 10 ° C. In cold conditions, they slow down vital activity, under favorable conditions they multiply, and at temperatures above 18 ° C they spread to other bulbs.
signs habitation in the bow. Yellow or green pigmentation appears on the inner scales. When dried during storage, the pigments are more visible. During the growing season, the leaves turn yellow, curl, look like they are affected by chlorosis, and lag behind in growth.
basis fight is prevention:
scoops
There are leaf-eating and gnawing ones. The first ones feed on tops, while the second ones are in the ground and gnaw on the bulb itself. They are usually active at night, and during the day they are in a phase of immobility.
Description. An adult is represented by a butterfly up to 5 cm in wingspan. The front wings are brown with transverse white stripes, and the hind wings are light brown in color.
The eggs are dark grey. hemispherical. One butterfly can lay up to 40 eggs. The larva appears after 12 days. Larva: green caterpillar on the sides with yellow stripes, sometimes grey-green or yellow-green. In warm regions gives two generations. 
Damage. The larvae crawl and gnaw the leaves, able to bite into the bulb itself. Damaged onions emit an unpleasant odor and rot.
Fight:
Onion pests cause great damage, and the fight against them has been going on for many centuries, so there are many folk remedies. One of them is the treatment with a solution of wormwood during its flowering: 300 g of crushed wormwood per 1 cup of wood ash and a tablespoon of grated soap, pour 10 liters of boiling water, cover and leave for one week. Carry out spraying after the settling period. shallot aphid
Description. The body is brown in color, ovoid body shape. Larvae are dark shades of yellow or green. The eyes are brownish-black. Developed antennal tubercles, converging in front and longer than body in size. Spitz of 6th segment and 4th-5th segments black, the rest of the same color as the body. The tubules are light, cylindrical, tapering towards the top, ending with a dark funnel. The tubules are 8 times less thick than the length.
Signs of damage. The leaves wither, bend, the culture lags behind in growth. The feather of the leaf, going to the greenery, becomes contaminated with aphid feces and skins that the larva sheds. It is located on the leaves, under the outer shell of the onion.
Main protective measures agricultural practices are:
By following some tips, you can prevent pests from infecting onions.
- Compliance with cultural circulation (plant onions in their original place no earlier than after 5 years).
- Carrying out crops in terms of zoned varieties.
- Autumn and spring digging of the landing site.
- Disinfection with a solution of copper sulfate before planting.
- Maintain distance between crops during planting for good ventilation.
- Timely removal of weeds.
- Treatment with biological preparations in the phases of germination and ejection of the feather.
- Checking and processing planting material before planting.
- Identification and destruction of infected plants.
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Onion crops are characterized by good germination and fast growth. However, the yield may decrease or even die due to diseases and pests. Timely prevention and compliance with the landing technology significantly reduce the risks. In this article, we will analyze the main questions of most gardeners: why the tips of onion feathers may turn yellow, what pests can ruin the crop in spring or autumn. And also what to do and how to deal with adversity.
Planting and growing onions in a small area or on a huge plantation is not difficult. if you follow the technological process. However, in addition to the planned activities, it may be necessary to treat the crop from pests and insects. It is not worth ignoring the signs of damage to the plant, because in just a few days the beds can significantly thin out. And it is quite difficult to cope with an advanced form of the disease or a massive settlement of insects; one cannot do without the use of chemistry. Therefore, it is recommended to include preventive procedures in the onion care schedule in order to prevent serious problems.
downy mildew
Peronosporosis is one of the varieties of fungal infection, the pathogen is perfectly preserved on onion skins, seeds. The transition of bacteria into the active phase occurs when favorable conditions are created, which are characterized by high humidity and a positive temperature regime. The disease can be recognized by the following signs:
- the formation of yellowish-green oily spots on the surface of the leaves;
- a gray-violet coating settles under the feathers;
- increase in the parameters of spots;
- sheet death.
Control methods consist in processing the crop and the soil under it with special or home-made solutions. Of the drugs have proven themselves well:
- Fitosporin-M for onion and garlic;
- Gamair;
- Planriz;
- Alirin-B;
- Glyocladin.
2-3 weeks before harvesting root crops, treatment with chemicals should be stopped. To protect plants from powdery mildew, it is recommended to continue spraying, but already using folk remedies.
There are folk methods that most gardeners prefer:
- a solution of 9 liters of water, 1 liter of low-fat milk, 10 drops of iodine;
- a weak solution (slightly pink) of potassium permanganate;
- infusion of onion peel;
- a mixture of water (9 l) and whey (1 l);
- infusion of ash (for 8 liters of boiling water half a bucket of ash).
Onion powdery mildew What does gray mold look like?
The infection is well preserved on planting material, infecting the soil and, accordingly, the entire crop through loose scales. When pressing on the turnip, the skin sags in the neck area, and a gray coating is visible on the surface.
The fight against the disease consists of the following activities:
- disinfection of sevka before planting;
- soil enrichment with phosphorus-potassium fertilizer;
- timely removal of damaged plants from the plantation;
- moderate watering and soil moisture control;
- proper collection of root crops;
- airing and drying onions after assembly;
- creation of crop storage conditions;
- periodic bulkhead to remove rotten turnips.
Bacteriosis and its treatment with chemical and folk remedies
With high humidity, and in warm weather, putrefactive bacteria penetrate the onion scales and infect a healthy fruit.
Rotting can occur right in the ground, but most often bacteriosis manifests itself during the storage period of the crop. Identify the fruits simply by the characteristic smell, swollen skin.
The remains of last year's fruits can provoke the appearance of harmful bacteria on the soil, so the beds after harvesting must be dug up. Onions are planted on the infected area no earlier than after 4 years.
Fusarium rot and how to get rid of it in spring and autumn
The disease is infectious, the pathogen is in the ground, where the infection occurs. The bottom of the turnip during the development period is affected by rot, as a result of which the greens first die, then the root part. Among the reasons provoking the formation of a pathogen in the soil:
- waterlogging during irrigation;
- harvesting in rainy weather;
- late harvesting of fruits;
- drought during the ripening of the turnip.
- before planting the seedlings must be disinfected;
- when choosing seeds, give preference to early-ripening and mid-season species (they are less susceptible to infection);
- observe watering norms, avoid waterlogging of the soil;
- collection of root crops to produce in dry weather.
If an affected onion is detected, it should be removed from the garden and the soil should be tilled with a Bordeaux solution (1%).
Bacterial rot of onion testicles
Often, rot affects the turnip with an excess of moisture in the soil. The reason is prolonged rains and the type of soil that prevents the rapid absorption of precipitation. At first, mold forms in the neck of the onion, descending over time along the testicles. Such a crop cannot be stored for a long time, the process of decay cannot be stopped.
Turnip is usually not even used to obtain seeds, such material is affected by the fungus and is not able to produce good seedlings.
- before planting the seedlings must be disinfected;
- irrigation should be carried out under constant control of the degree of soil moisture;
- regularly clean the beds from the affected plants;
- harvest should only be done in dry weather;
- ensure proper storage conditions with a temperature regime of +5° to +8° and ventilation.
The main onion pests and protection against them
Not only diseases can reduce yields, but also various pests that prefer to settle on onions.
- Before planting, the seedlings should be prepared: warm for several days at a temperature of 23-25 °, soak in a saline solution (1 liter of water per 1 tablespoon of salt) - 3 hours, then repeat the procedure, but already in a manganese bath - 2 hours.
- Choose a well-ventilated place for beds. It is recommended to have onions and carrots in the neighborhood. For both crops, this will be additional protection against pests.
- Change the place for planting onions annually. In late autumn, when frost sets in, you need to dig the ground well so that harmful bacteria and larvae die.
With a massive invasion of flies on a plantation, it is unlikely that it will be possible to do without chemicals. Among the popular ones: Bazudin, Aktara, Mukhoed.
In order not to use chemicals, many gardeners use folk methods. The most effective are:
- a solution based on ammonia (for 10 liters of water, take 3 drops of iodine, a tablespoon of ammonia, a few crystals of potassium permanganate);
- tincture of fragrant herbs (10 liters of boiling water add several sprigs of valerian, wormwood, mint);
- coniferous decoction (half a bucket of spruce or pine needles is brewed in 10 liters of water);
- wood ash powder;
- powder from ash, red hot pepper, tobacco leaves.
In addition to the above methods, you can treat the garden bed with salt at the rate of 300 g of salt per bucket of water. The main thing to remember when using this method is to spray the onion with clean water to wash the salt off the feathers. With successful processing, the flies will stop flying over the onions and will not lay eggs in the beds.
In addition, piperazine helps to cope with the pest. It is used at the rate of 1 pack per bucket of water. It is necessary to spray all affected areas.
Presowing treatment of onion sets from an onion fly is carried out in early spring. It is necessary to spray the entire bed. Zemlin preparation also helps a lot in pest control, you can always find out how to apply it in the instructions.
Onion mite and treatment from it
Before planting onions, the soil is fertilized. It is this environment that the tick chooses for itself. You can determine the insidious pest in the garden by characteristic features:
- deformation of feathers with the formation of a white coating on them;
- wrinkling of the plant due to loss of moisture;
- the formation of mold and fungus.
Do not use pesticides in the fight against ticks. The tool is addictive in insects, so the treatment will be ineffective.
In order to prevent pests, the following methods are used:
- careful sorting of seed during storage;
- preparation of seedlings for planting (sorting and heating);
- carrying out the disinfection procedure;
- regular treatment of beds with decoctions of herbs, infusion of nettles.
onion thrips
To prevent the settlement of thrips on onion beds, the following measures are recommended:
- annually change the place of planting onions in the garden;
- store planting material under appropriate conditions;
- follow the rules for preparing and planting seedlings;
- removal from the garden of the entire crop and tops;
- digging the soil in late autumn.
How to process onions?
With a large-scale defeat of the plantation, special preparations are used:
- Aktar;
- Fitoverm;
- Karate;
- Spark Golden;
- Zeon and others.
When using chemicals, you can not eat greens.
You can also try folk methods:
- placement between the beds of sticky tape for flies as traps;
- planting nearby onion plantations of fragrant herbs, marigold flowers;
- spraying with infusion of tobacco leaves (infuse for 3 hours);
- treatment of plants with infusion on celandine leaves (infuse for 48 hours).
The reasons why the onion turns yellow in the garden and what can be done
Not always yellowed spots on winter onions indicate the presence of diseases or pests.. Sometimes the cause can be a lack of nitrogen in the soil. Correcting the situation is quite simple - to introduce nitrogen-containing fertilizers into the soil. For these purposes, organic and mineral bait can be used. You can also feed a green vegetable with ammonia. It is an excellent fertilizer, and also allows you to get rid of flies and other pests.
Watering with ammonium nitrate should be done with caution according to the instructions. In addition, you can water and spray onions with kerosene. It allows you to protect the crop from the onion fly. You need to process the bed with the calculation of 2 tbsp. kerosene in a bucket of water. This measure will help preserve the crop and you can not be afraid of re-infection.
Yellowed feathers may also indicate insufficient care for the crop. Each variety has its own growing characteristics. When planting different species, few people are interested in the intricacies of growing a particular hybrid. Experienced gardeners recommend that in the selection process, get acquainted with the description of the plant and the rules of care.
Unfavorable weather conditions can provoke the formation of yellowness on a batun. As a result of prolonged rains, feathers change color and become deformed. Or from a too hot summer, under the influence of intense sunlight, the feathers begin to dry out prematurely. In such cases, plants can be helped by sheltering from a film or agrofiber. Treatment in this case is not required. You need to fertilize the vegetable in the usual way.
Early diagnosis of the problem will help save not only the crop, but also prevent soil infection. It is not worth delaying with processing, because pests and diseases destroy plants very intensively.
