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How to deal with a larva in an onion. Onion diseases and pests: description and how to protect plantings. How to prevent pests

Onions are an unpretentious crop, the cultivation of which does not require special care from gardeners. But even onions are affected by all sorts of diseases and pests. If you ignore this problem, such indifference can cost you a harvest and wasted labor.

Pests that affect onions

Onion is always the first green, a harbinger of spring. People are accustomed to using it as protection against germs. Also, many housewives often use it as an insect repellent for different crops. But as it turned out, the bow itself also needs protection.

onion fly

When the very height of spring begins, the onion fly goes “hunting”. She lays her eggs on onion plantings, from which larvae appear after a few days. They are also called white worms. It is they who are the main threat to the plant.

It is impossible to notice pests, because they are underground. But their activity becomes noticeable when the onion feathers begin to turn yellow and then dry out. The larvae infect the bulb itself.

There are several folk remedies that will help you get rid of the onion fly:

To prevent the appearance of an onion fly in advance, purchase from a specialized store tobacco dust powder. It is mixed with sand and bordered by beds.

The photo above shows an adult onion fly.

Another pest is onion thrips. The female has her larvae inside a feather where they are born and feed on sap. In one season, the female can make about a hundred such clutches. The first sign of this pest is yellowing of the feather from the crown. It is recommended to prevent the appearance of this insect, since the fight against it is not very simple.

To prevent thrips from appearing on your beds, it is recommended to dig up the beds for the winter, alternate planting crops on this soil, handle bulbs before planting. Also, before planting onions, the beds can be planted with flowers, the smell of which repels insects. These include marigolds or calendula. There are also special decoctions for spraying:

• 400 grams of celandine grass is poured with one liter of water and insisted for three days. Then the strained infusion is sprayed with onion beds;
• 1 tablespoon of chopped onion or garlic is poured into 1 glass of water. This solution is also sprayed onions.

If you have failed to prevent thrips, Only chemicals can help, which will help to carry out disinfection, they can be bought in specialized stores. But greens processed with such means cannot be eaten.

Another pest that locates its larvae inside the feather. The female eats out a special hole where she lays her eggs, and the emerging larva eats the feather from the inside. It is impossible to notice these damages from the outside.

In this case it is better to prevent the appearance of weevil on your bow. To do this, it is necessary to remove all waste from last year's harvest, and in the spring the beds should be disinfected before planting a new batch of onions.

Also, onion beds are sprinkled with tobacco dust or ash. It is best to do this when the onion feathers are wet so that more material sticks to them. And between the rows, the ground is sprinkled with ground black or red pepper, as well as dried tansy or celandine. The photo shows a female weevil.

In the store you can buy special tools for processing. But in this case, processed feathers should not be eaten.

The adult is not as scary as its larva. She, like many other pests, strikes the onion feather from the inside which causes it to dry out. As in the previous cases, it is better to think in advance about preventing the appearance of moths than to try to get rid of them.

Do not plant onions in the same place. The earth should rest for 3-4 years. All tops from the previous season must be destroyed immediately. It is necessary to do regular weeding and loosening of the soil.

A very beneficial neighbor for onions is carrots. It releases substances into the soil that repel pests attacking the bow. Insects are also repelled by tobacco dust and. But one-time processing will not save you from problems. Spraying and watering onions with the use of these substances is necessary every ten days.

You can put on the beds original butterfly traps. They will be kvass or fermented compote. At night, winged insects will surely fly by the smell, and in the morning you should destroy the invited guests.

Near the beds, you can sow calendula or marigolds. Their smell repels many insects.

Onion diseases

Insects are not the only enemy of your crop. Onions are also affected by some diseases that can overtake him both during the growth period and during the storage period.

This disease appears due to the damage caused by pests. This is a fungus damages the root system and leads to its complete extinction. Then the whole plant dies. If, when harvesting, you do not notice the disease, the bulb will rot already in storage and transmit its disease to other bulbs.

To prevent the disease, it is necessary to prevent the appearance of an onion fly, regularly loosen the soil in the beds and water the plant with ash infusion.

This is another type of fungus. He easily endures the winter on the bulbs during storage and even on the beds themselves. When planting infected seeds, the disease will not only remain on the bulb, it will also affect the feathers.

The stems lose their color, wither and die off completely after a while. Such an onion does not have time to ripen, which is why the yield drops. As in many other cases, it is recommended to carry out a standard procedure for the prevention of all onion diseases.

Gray rot

This disease is also called black onion mold. This is a disease that affects the transition from the bulb to the stem. If you collect onions in wet weather, you can transfer the disease to the bulb itself. This happens when pruning a wet stem.

Onions with black mold will not be stored for a long time. The rot will quickly infect the entire bulb, and then move to nearby ones. In a short period, she hit the entire harvest.

The fight against rot looks like this:

The photo shows the gradual defeat of the bulb with gray rot.

bacterial rot

Among the most common onion diseases is wet bacterial rot, which can appear during growth. Outwardly, she does not betray herself in any way and found only when cutting the bulb. Wet translucent layers appear between the scales. They are not located in a row, but through a healthy scale. If the affected bulb is stored for a long time, then it rots completely. You can notice it by its specific smell.

Why does bacterial rot appear:

• a large difference between the air temperature during the day and at night;
• pests that started on the plant;
• damage to bulbs during digging and transportation.

How to fight:

• choose only the highest quality seeds for planting;
• to prevent the appearance of pests;
• properly transport seeds and harvested crops;
• store the crop at the optimum temperature.

The main fight against diseases and pests is to prevent their occurrence.

Onion diseases and their control

The main condition for obtaining a healthy crop of onions and garlic is crop rotation. It is impossible to return lily crops (onions, garlic) to the previous garden bed earlier than after 4-5 years.

Before storing onions and garlic for storage, it is necessary to disinfect the storage for 2 months with a solution of bleach (400 g per 10 liters of water). Before planting the seeds, it is recommended to warm them up with warm air (40°-42°) for 10 hours.

: On different types of plants, signs of the disease can manifest themselves in different ways. It can be rotting of the head, cobweb raids on the underside of the leaves, white bloom on root crops, rotting of the bottom of the onion ... Often the disease is common in storage facilities. The disease is especially pronounced on lettuce, parsley, cucumber, carrots, horseradish, cabbage, peppers, beans, onions, sunflowers.

: harmful centipede - an insect pest similar to a long-legged mosquito, body length up to 2.5 cm. The larvae of the pachypod overwinter in the soil. In the spring, they begin to feed on humus on the roots of plants, damaging them in the garden and greenhouses, causing great harm to young plants. The harmful pachyderm damages cabbage, celery, leek and other vegetable plants in the garden.

Diseases and pests of onions and garlic

To grow healthy onions and garlic, you need to know what diseases, onion and garlic pests can threaten vegetables that are so necessary for health and tasty. In this article, we have collected information on how to deal with the main pests and how to save the crop. It must be said that these plants, so useful and tasty, often suffer from stem nematodes. The nematode is a small worm that likes to lay its eggs in the roots of plants. This leads to the fact that the onion heads begin to crack, and the garlic begins to disintegrate into teeth. Plant leaves are deformed. Onion processing before planting. To disinfect the onion sets from the nematode, before planting, the planting material must be soaked for two days in an aqueous salt solution at the rate of 3 tbsp. spoons in a bucket of water. Onion disease control In the photo, the onion fly strikes the onion so. An onion fly is considered an equally dangerous pest of garlic and onions. The larvae of this insect penetrate the bulb itself through the bottom or at the very base of the leaves, which usually leads to the death of the bulbs. Usually, the raid of onion flies begins in the spring, and it coincides with the cherry blossoms. 20 days after the eggs are laid, the larvae hatch from them, which go deep into the ground and pupate there. Young flies fly out to replace them, and everything repeats all over again. You can save the onion by timely scaring off the pests with tobacco dust mixed with ash, taken in equal proportions. This powder (tobacco dust with ash) must be pollinated (treated) between the rows of plants. In addition, it is advisable to sow carrots next to the onions, since the phytoncides that are secreted by carrots can scare away the onion fly. In turn, onion phytoncides prevent the appearance of a carrot fly. If possible, plant marigolds side by side. An attentive gardener and gardener can avoid the next misfortune in the struggle for the harvest. Downy mildew on onions and garlic This disease of vegetables is especially relevant in the rainy season. Blurry spots begin to appear on the leaves of plants, which begin to gradually increase in size, forming a gray coating, which is fungal spores. These spores are able to scatter with gusts of wind in different directions, infecting other plants. Methods for processing, protecting onions and garlic from downy mildew. In order to prevent diseases, it is necessary to warm up the seed stock before sowing at high temperatures. So onion sets are heated in the spring at 45 degrees Celsius for half a day. In the villages, I warm up the onions on the stove (meaning the upper chambers of the village stove). You can spray the plants with whey diluted in water (how to do it below). Enhanced plant nutrition with super phosphate fertilizers. How to treat onions from pests: folk methods for downy mildew Not bad helps the use of Bordeaux liquid. True, in this case, it is necessary to spray the plants at least 3 weeks before harvesting. Can be sprayed with serum Everyone in the house has dairy products, do not pour out sour milk, fermented milk whey from kefir. Lactic acid bacteria have a negative effect on the powdery mildew pathogen and at the same time do not harm plants. Recipe for onion diseases - powdery mildew: spraying agent is made from sour-milk whey separated from dairy products. We take cold water and dilute its serum in a ratio of 1:8 -1 to 10. Stir until a homogeneous state is obtained. Pour the prepared solution into spray containers. Now in the morning or in the evening you can process the plants. Harvest and storage of onions and garlic To prevent onion cervical rot, you must try to remove the vegetable immediately after it ripens, without delaying this matter. After the neck begins to dry out and the feathers fade, you have a signal - you need to start harvesting. After the onions and garlic are dug out, they are dried in the wind and sun for 3-4 days, usually leaving them right on the ridges. Of course, it is better to choose a sunny day in August for harvesting. Gently remove the earth from the garlic, shaking it off with your hands, you must try not to damage the scales (the quality of storage and disease resistance depend on them). It is necessary to dry these medicinal vegetable crops in the sun, you can move them closer to the house and spread the onions and garlic on an oilcloth. The remaining leaves should be cut off. Cut the onion so that the tail of the vegetable remains about 3 cm. Store harvested onions and garlic< надо в картонных коробках или корзинах в прохладном, но сухом помещении. Также сплетают их в " косы" и подвешивают в кладовых, при этом уберегая от холода и влаги. Learn more about the growing popularity, very useful daikon vegetable Marigolds - protection of plants from pests Now, coupons for discounts, for various entertainment and recreational activities and goods are of great interest among Internet users. To navigate where what discount promotion is held, there are specialized discount sites. Perm discount coupons can be obtained by any resident or guest of Perm and other regions on the Couponator discount website. ©foto-flora.ru

Onions suffer from onion fly damage from year to year. The first flight of the fly is celebrated when the dandelions bloom. At this time, a repellent is used - they are watered with ammonia (1 tablespoon per bucket of water).

This event is held every week. A bed for onions must be moved to a different place every year, the best predecessor is carrots.

The pre-planting seed treatment helps the onion grow healthy - warming up in the sun a few hours before planting, soaking in hot strong potassium permanganate, and then dusting with ash. You can powder the onions with bazudin, but in no case should you use such an onion on a feather - the drug is poisonous.

As soon as the bow emerges from the ground, the stealth bounty attacks. The feather becomes pale, inside it the larvae of the secretive proboscis settle. For prevention, it is necessary to constantly sprinkle onions with ashes, cut off and destroy the affected feather.

Onion fly (Delia antiqua Mg.) and hoverfly (Eumerus strigatus Fall.) are dangerous pests of onion plants that damage the underground parts of onion, batun, leek, shallot, garlic. Pests are common in all areas of cultivation of onion plants and are especially harmful on sandy and loamy soils, as well as on household plots with permanent cultivation. The puparium (pupa in a reddish-brown, shiny cocoon, about 7 mm long) overwinters in the soil on depth from 10 to 20 cm.

The flight of the first generation of flies begins in early May at a sum of effective temperatures of 103-141°C (this coincides with the flowering of lilacs) and lasts 30-40 days. The flies are ash-gray, with a distinct brownish longitudinal line on the abdomen.

Flies emerging after overwintering feed on the nectar of flowering plants. 5-10 days after emergence, the females lay eggs (5-12 each) near plants, in cracks in the soil, between the bulb and the soil, openly on the soil, leaves, in the axils of the leaves and between the dry scales of the bulb.

After 4-6 days at an air temperature of 18.5-21.5°C and a relative air humidity of 65-75%, larvae hatch. The adult larva is white, legless, narrowed in front and expanded at the posterior end, up to 10 mm long.

On the oblique segment there are two spiracles, and along the edges there are 16 small outgrowths (tubercles), of which 4 lower middle outgrowths are most noticeable. Of all types of onions, female onion flies prefer onions.

Moreover, the plants of the first generation are the most populated. On crops of Nigella for sets, oviposition is already noted, starting from the phase of 2-3 true leaves. The larvae hatching from the eggs penetrate into the underground part of the bulb, damaging the conducting bundles of the plant.

If there is not enough food for the further development of the larva, it moves to a neighboring plant. In damaged plants, the bulbs rot, the leaves turn yellow, wither and dry. Plants are easily pulled out of the soil.

On onions of the second year of development (sevok on a turnip) at the beginning of the growing season, the fly lays eggs mainly on the soil and the bulb, as the plants develop, in the axils of the leaves and openly on the leaves. Hatching larvae migrate to the plant and actively penetrate into it either through the bottom or through the neck.

At the same time, the former feed on the tissues of the bottom (false stem), the latter - on the tissues of fleshy scales and leaves. Regardless of the type of damage, onion sets die when only 1-2 larvae are introduced into the plant.

The same is observed on turnip plants (especially in the first half of the growing season), if their growth point is damaged. Larvae of the first generation damage onions in May - June. Their development lasts about 20 days.

Then, having finished feeding, they emerge from the bulb into the soil and pupate in it. In the end of June - in the first half of July, the years of flies of the second generation begin. There are few of them, since a significant part of the individuals (up to 35%) of the first generation go into diapause.

The onion fly develops in two generations. Onion fly larvae in the early stages of development cause the greatest harm to plants.

As a result of the research, it was found that all types and varieties of onion during the growing season are to some extent populated and damaged by the phytophage. But the main type of onion, which is largely damaged by two-winged pests, is onion.

Severely damaged (up to 44.5%) sweet onion varieties (Yalta local, Orange), which have a minimum content of solids (6-9.7%) and essential oil (0.018-0.025%). On the crops of these varieties, the maximum number of eggs laid is noted - 14.8-18.2 eggs/plant.

On sharp varieties (Strigunovsky, Skvirsky, Zolotisty) with a high content of solids (up to 18%) and essential oil (up to 0.05%), the number of eggs laid per plant and onion fly damage are 3-4 times lower compared to sweet varieties of onions. The peninsular varieties Lugansky and Karatalsky with an average content of secondary substances occupy a middle position, the damage of which is about 26%.

Studies have shown that, depending on the number of nests in the bulb, onion varieties with 1-2 nests were less populated and damaged by the onion fly. So, crops of multi-nested shallots with 6-7 nests were almost half populated by pests, and their damage was at the level of 40.5%.

At a time when the population of small and medium nested onion varieties was at the level of 20.5-28.0%, and damage was 10-21.6%. This indicates that onion fly larvae can leave damaged plants and crawl onto others only when the plants are very close to each other.

Onion hoverfly. The fly is 7-10 cm long, shiny, greenish-bronze, there are three semi-lunar spots on the top of the abdomen. The male differs from the female in larger eyes, almost contiguous at the base of the antennae.

The pest overwinters in the pupal stage (in puparia) in the soil at a depth of 10-25 cm and in the larval stage (middle and older ages) in the plant remains of uterine bulbs, as well as in planting material laid down for storage, in which they form puparia by the middle of winter. and pupate. Thanks to this intraspecific flexibility, the population of the onion hoverfly is constantly maintained at a high level.

The onion hoverfly takes off at the end of May. The fly is active throughout the daylight hours, and high temperatures are not a deterrent.

After additional feeding on nectar, the female chooses well-lit open areas and lays white eggs, somewhat concave in the middle part, on the soil surface near the plant, on the outer covering scales and in the neck of the bulb. After 4-7 days, larvae hatch, the distinctive morphological feature of which is the presence of spiracles that are clearly visible to the naked eye, protruding at the posterior end of the body, as well as their high plasticity.

In the bulb, the larvae feed on the succulent internal tissues of the plant for 17-25 days, mainly in the lower, basal part. They molt three times, after which they form a false, light yellow cocoon with a brownish tint.

In July, flies of the second generation fly out, the larvae of which damage onions and garlic of late planting dates. The onion secretive trunk (weevil) (Cruthorrhynchus jakovlevi Schultze.) is a small beetle 2-2.7 mm long. His body is black, covered with white scales, oval in shape, with a long, slightly curved rostrum, clavate-articulated antennae.

The end of the head is extended into a "proboscis", usually bent down. The abdomen is not covered with elytra. It damages turnips, batun, most often shallots, less often garlic and leeks.

Beetles hibernate under plant remains, dried grass and lumps of soil on the sod slopes of ditches, ravines, along roadsides, forest belts. They wake up early in spring, in the second half of April (according to observations, their years coincide with the flowering of dandelion).

At first, the beetles feed mainly on sprouted bulbs left in the field, then they move to early onion crops. They gnaw small holes in the leaves and, plunging their proboscis into them, eat out small cavities in the pulp of the leaf, under the skin.

Damage looks like round whitish spots located along the edge of the leaf. Seedling onion seedlings are especially affected. Often they dry up and die.

It should be noted that in recent years, the number and harmfulness of the onion secretive trunk has greatly increased, which is primarily due to high temperatures and lack of precipitation during its development (end of April - May). Females lay small, whitish, round-oval eggs through a hole they made in the feather on the inside of the leaves.

The larvae that hatched after 5-16 days are yellowish, legless, C-shaped bent, with a brown head, up to 6.5 mm long, gnaw passages in the pulp of the leaves, while whitish longitudinal stripes form on the outside. The leaves turn yellow, starting from the top, badly damaged - they dry out.

If there are 3-5 larvae on one leaf, especially in dry, hot weather, the seedlings die. The larvae stop harming by early June, and new leaves grow on the affected plants. However, the yield as a result of the "activity" of the secretive hobo is significantly reduced.

The larvae develop for 15-20 days, then gnaw holes in the leaves, go into the soil and pupate at a depth of 3-6 cm. The pupa is in the soil, in a loose earthen cradle.

The second generation of beetles appears in late June - early July and feeds on leaf tissues and inflorescences of onion plants in summer. With complete gnawing of succulent pedicels, the flowers die, and with partial gnawing, feeble seeds are obtained. Onion moth (Acrolepia assectella Zell.) Damages onions, leeks and partially garlic during the growing season.

Butterflies overwinter in plant debris. Butterfly up to 12-14 mm in wingspan, the front ones are brown with large stripes and spots, and the rear ones are gray with a long fringe. The flight of onion moth butterflies begins in mid-May.

They fly at night, soon after additional feeding on nectar, they mate and lay yellowish, rounded, up to 0.4 mm long eggs on the underside of the leaf, on the neck of the bulb, onion and garlic flower arrows. After 5-7 days, yellowish-green caterpillars with brown warts hatch, which penetrate the leaf, arrows and inflorescences, eat out the rudiments of flowers, and during the flowering of plants they gnaw the pedicels.

Caterpillars pupate on leaves, on the soil surface near the bulbs. The development of the pupa lasts 9-12 days. In July, butterflies of a new generation fly out, the caterpillars of which usually harm in the second half of July and in August.

Tobacco (onion) thrips (Thrips tabaci Lind.) is most common in the southern regions of Ukraine (and today almost throughout Ukraine) and harms not only onions, but also cucumbers, watermelons, cabbage. With warm storage of onion sets and garlic (+18°C), thrips feed and multiply throughout the winter, significantly reducing their planting qualities.

Thrips overwinters in the upper layer of soil, in plant debris under dry scales of onion and garlic. Appears on crops in late April - early May. The female lays up to 100 small whitish eggs, placing them one by one in the fleshy scales of the bulbs.

The root mite penetrates into mature bulbs through the bottom, which cracks and turns into a rotten mass. Thrips and their larvae feed by sucking the juice from the leaves. Whitish spots form on the leaves, which merge when severely damaged.

Damaged leaves turn yellow and dry out. On them you can see small black dots - pest excrement. The bulb of the affected plants is formed small. By the time the onions are harvested, if the weather is warm, thrips fly over to cabbage, cucumbers, and various weeds.

Onion crops are harmed by root (onion) mites (Rhizoglyphus echinopus R. et F.) and four-legged garlic mites (Aceria tulipae Keif.). Ticks are small arthropod insects, 0.5 to 1.1 mm long.

Moisture-loving and heat-loving organisms, weakly reproduce at temperatures above +13°C and relative humidity above 70%. They differ in fertility: one female lays up to 800 eggs. Each generation develops within 10-30 days.

When conditions worsen or there is a lack of food, a very persistent form of the pest (hypopus) appears. In this form, mites can exist for a long time without feeding. The root mite penetrates into mature bulbs through the bottom.

With a strong defeat, the outer scales lag behind the bottom - it becomes bare, becomes rotten, the bulb rots. With a weak lesion, the mites remain between the fleshy scales and damage the onion in storage.

The root mite can also feed on bulbs of hyacinths, daffodils, and even potato tubers and rotting root crops of carrots and beets. The garlic mite, unlike the root mite, damages the leaves and juicy scales on the outside of the bulb, and the onion sets are especially harmful.

Overwinters in bulbs, soil and seeds. In onion waste, on dry scales, being at rest, it can last more than two years, and in dried garlic - up to five.

When it enters a humid environment, the nematode leaves its dormant state and becomes active. After sowing or planting onions and garlic in infected soil, the stem nematode penetrates plant tissues and lays eggs in them. The emerging larvae and adult nematodes feed on the sap of plants, which at the same time lag behind in growth, their first cotyledon leaf swells and bends.

Severely damaged seedlings die. In plants, the leaves (feather) become deformed, wrinkled with yellowish veins, twist, and thicken in the lower part. The internal tissues of the bulbs on the cut have a loose granular structure.

Between the juicy scales of the diseased bulb, cavities often form (therefore, it is soft to the touch), its bottom cracks. Affected bulbs continue to break down during storage. The sevok dries up.

When garlic is infected with a nematode, it lags behind in growth, its false stem thickens, and longitudinal cracks form on it. The bulb becomes loose and wet, and it completely collapses. Onion leaf beetle (Lilioceris merdigera) is found everywhere, but harms in foci.

The beetle overwinters in plant debris. Before germination, it feeds on unharvested queen cells and seedlings discarded during planting, on shoots of overwintered last year's bulbs.

With the advent of seedlings, it passes to young arrows and inflorescences - it gnaws holes in the arrows, gnaws pedicels and flowers. Larvae damage leaves and arrows; pupate in the soil. Leaf beetle larvae are large and are harvested by hand.

The topic is immense, read more.

This valuable vegetable crop is prone to a host of infections. About fifty species of fungi and pests cause all kinds of onion diseases. Moreover, they hit him both in open ground and in greenhouses. To combat this, it is necessary to approach the problem in a comprehensive manner, including the processing of plantings with special means, and the precise implementation of agricultural technologies. Very often, onions get sick on waterlogged clay soils saturated with mineral fertilizers and rotted manure, containing a large amount of nitrogen.

Treatment of onion diseases

Until now, scientists have not found those reliable mechanisms that would prevent the development of epidemics, although the search for ways to destroy or at least weaken the activity of microorganisms that infect onions is ongoing. During the growing season, at the first signs of infection, fungicides are used. The effectiveness of the pesticides used, their doses and the number of treatments depend on how the disease develops. The most rational and popular way to use pesticides is dressing or processing planting material. How is it processed? Until now, as in the 20s of the last century, the use of Bordeaux mixture is relevant, especially in private households. Today there are its substitutes - contact zinc-containing fungicides. In the past, contact fungicides that were effective at high application rates were used to protect onions. Later, systemic drugs began to be used, showing high efficiency at high consumption rates at the initial stage of their use.

When growing onions in greenhouses, the risk of contracting some infections is reduced. In such rooms it is easier to regulate humidity and maintain the required temperature. With ventilation and constant air circulation, mold and fungus will not appear. However, it is not possible to completely get rid of diseases here. Downy mildew, for example, can be as harmful in a greenhouse as it is in a field.

See the infographic for general points on growing onions (including onions).

(click to enlarge)

The main diseases of onions

1. powdery mildew. This bacterial infection is also called downy mildew. It manifests itself in a change in the shape of the bulbs and the cessation of their development. The causative agent of peronosporosis is a fungus that infects the leaves of the plant, on which a yellow coating appears, after which they gradually begin to die off.

Treatment:

• Fertilizers from phosphorus and potassium. Thanks to them, the vegetable will increase resistance to infection, increase protection against disease.
• Preventive treatment with fungicides.
• Inadmissibility of planting thickening when growing onions. Also, weeds should not be allowed to grow.
• When the first signs of powdery mildew appear, it is necessary to stop watering the crop and feeding the soil with nitrogen fertilizers. Remove the bulbs formed by that time and dry them under the sun for two weeks. Peronosporosis develops under bad weather conditions.
• From this disease, such drugs are effective: Ordan, Alirin-B, Quadris, Abiga-Peak, Bravo, Revus, etc.

1. Gray (cervical) rot. Signs of this dangerous onion disease are the gradual damage to the scales near the neck. This occurs through the soil or after harvesting in the garden or in the greenhouse. The infection spreads after rains or when affected by pests.

Treatment:

• Use in the cultivation of exceptionally healthy material; choice for sowing early varieties.
• Fertilizing the soil with nitrogen fertilizers, and at the end of maturation, the use of potassium and phosphorus.
• The use of drugs "Bravo", "Kvadris", "Ridomil Gold", "Switch", etc.

It should be remembered: if during the growing season of plants they are subjected to constant treatment with systemic fungicides, then resistant strains of pathogens may appear and the effectiveness of the drugs will decrease.

1. Fusarium. This is a fungal disease in which the bottom of the bulb softens and the root system dies off. The leaves turn yellow, and the bulb gradually dies. Fusarium is provoked by an onion fly, which damages the bulb, and during storage it begins to rot.

Treatment:

Before sowing onions, it is necessary to cultivate the soil. Planting material should be used exclusively high quality. Affected plants must be destroyed immediately, and the rest should be treated with a special preparation.Before planting, onion sets must be dressed by immersing them for 20 minutes in a three percent suspension of TMDT fungicide.

It is important to follow the rules of crop rotation: for the second time, onions can be planted on former beds only after 3-4 years. It is good if cereals are its predecessors.You can carry out liming with chalk of the soil, feed it with dolomite flour. To protect against fusarium, potassium permanganate with the addition of boric acid, these non-concentrated solutions can be abundantly watered under the root of the plants. A decoction of horsetail and an infusion of ash helps well.Before putting the onion in storage, the bulbs are cleaned of scales. If there were patients among them, spray the remaining "Fitosporin" and dry.

Fighting methods. Before planting, the seedlings need to be warmed up. And before cleaning for storage for 18 hours, keep at a temperature of + 45 ° C.Do not plant different varieties of onions next to each other. Be sure to remove all weeds in the area in time. Observe the rules of crop rotation.

1. Onion mosaic. This disease is caused by a virus. Signs: small yellow-white spots in the form of stripes appear on the leaves. Then the leaves change their appearance, indicating a lack of nutrients, and then begin to wither and dry. On the testes, the inflorescences are sharply deformed. Instead of flowers, small bulbs appear. Bulbs affected by mosaic have an elongated shape, they do not reach maturity, and begin to germinate in autumn. Carriers of this virus are mites, nematodes, aphids living in the soil.

Fighting methods. It is necessary to isolate perennial onions and testes from turnips. Regularly remove plants affected by mosaics. After harvesting, heat the bulbs for 10 hours at a temperature of 40-42°C.

1. Onion jaundice. The leaves of the onion affected by this viral disease become spotty, the arrows turn yellow on the onion. Jaundice cannot be treated. The fight against it consists in the regular removal of diseased specimens, and at the same time all weeds. Plants are sprayed.
2. Stemfilia onion.Fungal disease. It begins with the fact that small light yellow or brown watery spots appear on the leaves, gradually developing into elongated tubercles. Then, along the edges, they darken, stick together over time, affecting the entire leaf.

Protection measures. Compliance with agricultural practices, pest control and causes leading to the death of onion leaves.

1. White rot of the bottom of the onion. This disease affects onions in the soil, and especially during storage. The leaves of young plants begin to turn yellow and die. Seedlings often die. On onions, dieback goes from the tips of the leaves down. On the scales and roots of young onions, a white cottony coating and soft rot appear, on the surface of which tiny black rounded sclerotia form. Sometimes the disease can only be detected during cleaning.

Protection measures:

• alternate cultures;
• remove diseased bulbs, plant debris during harvesting and storage;
• maintain the required soil moisture;
• use high-quality planting material, disinfect it with preparations containing copper.

1. Gray neck rot. fungal disease. Especially manifested during the storage of onions. Sometimes when harvesting and growing testicles. Sign: the neck of the onion softens and weakens, a fluffy gray coating forms on it, which turns into a powdery mass. Later, tiny black sclerotia appear in it. If the disease develops, the entire bulb is covered with plaque. Onions become infected before or during harvesting (when cutting leaves).

Protection measures:

• removal of plant residues;
• sorting onion seedlings with signs of disease;
• compliance with crop rotation (onions can be planted in the old place only after 3 years);
• isolation of areas with onions of different ages;
• suitable storage conditions.

Video "Onion diseases"

An indicative video that will give answers to many questions about onion diseases.

Other fungal diseases of onions

Anthracnose	cercosporosis	Aspargillosis
Appears at the end of the growing season. Brown spots with a dark border appear on the leaves. On the shoots - light brown spots with a brown rim. The causative agent is a phytopathogenic fungus Colletotrichum capsici. They suffer from legumes, tomatoes, berry crops, grapes.	On the leaves of the onion appear chlorotic spots with a yellow rim. In wet weather, the affected tissues become covered with an olive coating. The causative agent is a fungus Cercospora duddiae welles. Occurs on soybeans, table beet, grapes.	This disease is also called "black onion rot". Onions are affected by improper storage. The bulbs gradually soften and mummify. fungus pathogen genus Aspergillus. Found on garlic.

How to protect onions from fungal diseases

• Thorough destruction of plant residues.
• Compliance with crop rotation.
• Rejection of planting material with symptoms of rot.
• Landing early.
• Fertilization of culture in compliance with the dose and timing.
• Harvesting onions in dry weather.
• Mandatory drying of onions before storage.

Diseases caused by pests

1. Onion fly. It penetrates the fruits in the form of larvae. From this, the onion stops its growth and begins to rot. Feathers turn yellow and dry.

Fighting methods:

• Spray the soil around the onion with a salt solution (300 g per 10 liters of water). Repeat the procedure every 10 days. You need to water under the root, but do not touch the leaves.
• Plant onions far from the place where you grew them before.

1. Root tick. When infected, the onion begins to rot, a fungus appears. Therefore, you will have to fight both the pest and the fungus.

Fighting methods:

• on a site infected with a tick, you should not grow onions for 3 years;
• onions should be thermally processed;
• spray the plants with a 0.2% solution of celtan.

1. onion moth

The butterfly gnaws the leaf, creating passages in the tissues, which causes the leaves to die.

Control measures:

• onions must be sprayed;
• remove plant residues;
• deep loosen and dig up the soil.

1. Stem nematode:

This is a small thread-like worm 1-1.5 millimeters long, which lays eggs in onion roots, after which its heads crack. Onion leaves are deformed.

Control measures:

• select uninfected seed;
• heal onion sets in hot (+45-46°C) water for 10 minutes, in water at a temperature of 50-52°C - 5-10 minutes, at a temperature of 55-57°C - 3-5 minutes. Or soak the onion for 3 days in water at a temperature of 16-18 ° C.

1. onion thrips . It is a light yellow or dark brown small insect with fringed wings, a narrow oblong body. Thrips, together with their larvae, suck the juice from the inflorescences and leaves, after which they become deformed, turn yellow and dry.

Fighting methods:

• it is necessary to alternate cultures;

• before planting, disinfect the bulbs in hot (45 ° C) water for 10 hours, then cool them in cold water;

• soak the bulbs for 24 hours in a 2% solution of sodium nitrate;

• after harvesting, dry the onion for 5-7 days at a temperature of 35-37°C.

• In autumn, carefully destroy plant debris, and dig up the soil.

1. Onion stalker. Black beetle with white scales 2-2.5 mm long. From the leaves, he gnaws small holes. The females lay their eggs inside the leaf. The larvae appear after 5-16 days and feed on the leaves. Then they pupate and at the beginning of July beetles emerge from them, feeding on onions.

Control measures:

It is necessary to cut and destroy the leaves affected by the larvae, while feeding and watering the onions. During the period of mass pupation of larvae, the soil should be loosened. And in a timely manner to collect plant residues with subsequent destruction.

1. Onion hoverfly. Greenish-bronze fly 6.5 -9 millimeters long. She eats the flesh of the onion. From July to September, two generations of hoverflies live, damaging the onions.

You need to fight it in the same way as with the onion fly.

Prevention of onion diseases

• Before you start growing onions, you should prepare a greenhouse or disinfect the soil in the garden.
• Observe crop rotation. After harvesting, ensure comfortable storage conditions for onions.
• Harvest when fully ripe. Harvested onions should be dried well before being stored.

Video "Folk way to deal with insects and diseases"

An indicative video with a clear example of the use of a folk method to control pests and diseases of onions.

Question answer

1. What can be planted in the garden after onions?

Experts advise: If you mean a full annual crop rotation, then after onions you can plant cucumbers, zucchini, beets, carrots. And after harvesting the onion in August, it is good to sow lettuce, Chinese cabbage, spinach. And in September - radish, which does not like the "long day". So, he still has time to ripen and give you a new crop.

1. What diseases are onions contraindicated in?

With diseases of the kidneys, liver, as well as acute gastrointestinal diseases. With cardiovascular ailments, do not abuse onions in large quantities.

Onion crops are characterized by good germination and fast growth. However, the yield may decrease or even die due to diseases and pests. Timely prevention and compliance with the landing technology significantly reduce the risks. In this article, we will analyze the main questions of most gardeners: why the tips of onion feathers may turn yellow, what pests can ruin the crop in spring or autumn. And also what to do and how to deal with adversity.

Planting and growing onions in a small area or on a huge plantation is not difficult. if you follow the technological process. However, in addition to the planned activities, it may be necessary to treat the crop from pests and insects. It is not worth ignoring the signs of damage to the plant, because in just a few days the beds can significantly thin out. And it is quite difficult to cope with an advanced form of the disease or a massive settlement of insects; one cannot do without the use of chemistry. Therefore, it is recommended to include preventive procedures in the onion care schedule in order to prevent serious problems.

downy mildew

Peronosporosis is one of the varieties of fungal infection, the pathogen is perfectly preserved on onion skins, seeds. The transition of bacteria into the active phase occurs when favorable conditions are created, which are characterized by high humidity and a positive temperature regime. The disease can be recognized by the following signs:

• the formation of yellowish-green oily spots on the surface of the leaves;
• a gray-violet coating settles under the feathers;
• increase in the parameters of spots;
• sheet death.

Control methods consist in processing the crop and the soil under it with special or home-made solutions. Of the drugs have proven themselves well:

• Fitosporin-M for onion and garlic;
• Gamair;
• Planriz;
• Alirin-B;
• Glyocladin.

2-3 weeks before harvesting root crops, treatment with chemicals should be stopped. To protect plants from powdery mildew, it is recommended to continue spraying, but already using folk remedies.

There are folk methods that most gardeners prefer:

• a solution of 9 liters of water, 1 liter of low-fat milk, 10 drops of iodine;
• a weak solution (slightly pink) of potassium permanganate;
• infusion of onion peel;
• a mixture of water (9 l) and whey (1 l);
• infusion of ash (for 8 liters of boiling water half a bucket of ash).

Onion powdery mildew

What does gray mold look like?

The infection is well preserved on planting material, infecting the soil and, accordingly, the entire crop through loose scales. When pressing on the turnip, the skin sags in the neck area, and a gray coating is visible on the surface.

The fight against the disease consists of the following activities:

• disinfection of sevka before planting;
• soil enrichment with phosphorus-potassium fertilizer;
• timely removal of damaged plants from the plantation;
• moderate watering and soil moisture control;
• proper collection of root crops;
• airing and drying onions after assembly;
• creation of crop storage conditions;
• periodic bulkhead to remove rotten turnips.

Bacteriosis and its treatment with chemical and folk remedies

With high humidity, and in warm weather, putrefactive bacteria penetrate the onion scales and infect a healthy fruit.

Rotting can occur right in the ground, but most often bacteriosis manifests itself during the storage period of the crop. Identify the fruits simply by the characteristic smell, swollen skin.

The remains of last year's fruits can provoke the appearance of harmful bacteria on the soil, so the beds after harvesting must be dug up. Onions are planted on the infected area no earlier than after 4 years.

Fusarium rot and how to get rid of it in spring and autumn

The disease is infectious, the pathogen is in the ground, where the infection occurs. The bottom of the turnip during the development period is affected by rot, as a result of which the greens first die, then the root part. Among the reasons provoking the formation of a pathogen in the soil:

• waterlogging during irrigation;
• harvesting in rainy weather;
• late harvesting of fruits;
• drought during the ripening of the turnip.

• before planting the seedlings must be disinfected;
• when choosing seeds, give preference to early-ripening and mid-season species (they are less susceptible to infection);
• observe watering norms, avoid waterlogging of the soil;
• collection of root crops to produce in dry weather.

If an affected onion is detected, it should be removed from the garden and the soil should be tilled with a Bordeaux solution (1%).

Bacterial rot of onion testicles

Often, rot affects the turnip with an excess of moisture in the soil. The reason is prolonged rains and the type of soil that prevents the rapid absorption of precipitation. At first, mold forms in the neck of the onion, descending over time along the testicles. Such a crop cannot be stored for a long time, the process of decay cannot be stopped.

Turnip is usually not even used to obtain seeds, such material is affected by the fungus and is not able to produce good seedlings.

• before planting the seedlings must be disinfected;
• irrigation should be carried out under constant control of the degree of soil moisture;
• regularly clean the beds from the affected plants;
• harvest should only be done in dry weather;
• ensure proper storage conditions with a temperature regime of +5° to +8° and ventilation.

The main onion pests and protection against them

Not only diseases can reduce yields, but also various pests that prefer to settle on onions.

• Before planting, the seeds should be prepared: warm for several days at a temperature of 23-25 ​​°, soak in a saline solution (1 liter of water per 1 tablespoon of salt) - 3 hours, then repeat the procedure, but already in a manganese bath - 2 hours.
• Choose a well-ventilated place for beds. It is recommended to have onions and carrots in the neighborhood. For both crops, this will be additional protection against pests.
• Change the place for planting onions annually. In late autumn, when frost sets in, you need to dig the ground well so that harmful bacteria and larvae die.

With a massive invasion of flies on a plantation, it is unlikely that it will be possible to do without chemicals. Among the popular ones: Bazudin, Aktara, Mukhoed.

In order not to use chemicals, many gardeners use folk methods. The most effective are:

• a solution based on ammonia (for 10 liters of water, take 3 drops of iodine, a tablespoon of ammonia, a few crystals of potassium permanganate);
• tincture of fragrant herbs (10 liters of boiling water add several sprigs of valerian, wormwood, mint);
• coniferous decoction (half a bucket of spruce or pine needles is brewed in 10 liters of water);
• wood ash powder;
• powder from ash, red hot pepper, tobacco leaves.

In addition to the above methods, you can treat the garden bed with salt at the rate of 300 g of salt per bucket of water. The main thing to remember when using this method is to spray the onion with clean water to wash the salt off the feathers. With successful processing, the flies will stop flying over the onions and will not lay eggs in the beds.

In addition, piperazine helps to cope with the pest. It is used at the rate of 1 pack per bucket of water. It is necessary to spray all affected areas.

Presowing treatment of onion sets from an onion fly is carried out in early spring. It is necessary to spray the entire bed. Zemlin preparation also helps a lot in pest control, you can always find out how to apply it in the instructions.

Onion mite and treatment from it

Before planting onions, the soil is fertilized. It is this environment that the tick chooses for itself. You can determine the insidious pest in the garden by characteristic features:

• deformation of feathers with the formation of a white coating on them;
• wrinkling of the plant due to loss of moisture;
• the formation of mold and fungus.

Do not use pesticides in the fight against ticks. The tool is addictive in insects, so the treatment will be ineffective.

In order to prevent pests, the following methods are used:

• careful sorting of seed during storage;
• preparation of seedlings for planting (sorting and heating);
• carrying out the disinfection procedure;
• regular treatment of beds with decoctions of herbs, infusion of nettles.

onion thrips

To prevent the settlement of thrips on onion beds, the following measures are recommended:

• annually change the place of planting onions in the garden;
• store planting material under appropriate conditions;
• follow the rules for preparing and planting seedlings;
• removal from the garden of the entire crop and tops;
• digging the soil in late autumn.

How to process onions?

With a large-scale defeat of the plantation, special preparations are used:

• Aktar;
• Fitoverm;
• Karate;
• Spark Golden;
• Zeon and others.

When using chemicals, you can not eat greens.

You can also try folk methods:

• placement between the beds of sticky tape for flies as traps;
• planting nearby onion plantations of fragrant herbs, marigold flowers;
• spraying with infusion of tobacco leaves (infuse for 3 hours);
• treatment of plants with infusion on celandine leaves (infuse for 48 hours).

The reasons why the onion turns yellow in the garden and what can be done

Not always yellowed spots on winter onions indicate the presence of diseases or pests.. Sometimes the cause can be a lack of nitrogen in the soil. Correcting the situation is quite simple - to introduce nitrogen-containing fertilizers into the soil. For these purposes, organic and mineral bait can be used. You can also feed a green vegetable with ammonia. It is an excellent fertilizer, and also allows you to get rid of flies and other pests.

Watering with ammonium nitrate should be done with caution according to the instructions. In addition, you can water and spray onions with kerosene. It allows you to protect the crop from the onion fly. You need to process the bed with the calculation of 2 tbsp. kerosene in a bucket of water. This measure will help preserve the crop and you can not be afraid of re-infection.

Yellowed feathers may also indicate insufficient care for the crop. Each variety has its own growing characteristics. When planting different species, few people are interested in the intricacies of growing a particular hybrid. Experienced gardeners recommend that in the selection process, get acquainted with the description of the plant and the rules of care.

Unfavorable weather conditions can provoke the formation of yellowness on a batun. As a result of prolonged rains, feathers change color and become deformed. Or from a too hot summer, under the influence of intense sunlight, the feathers begin to dry out prematurely. In such cases, plants can be helped by sheltering from a film or agrofiber. Treatment in this case is not required. You need to fertilize the vegetable in the usual way.

Early diagnosis of the problem will help save not only the crop, but also prevent soil infection. It is not worth delaying with processing, because pests and diseases destroy plants very intensively.

onion root mite
Onion root mite in the photo

onion root mite everywhere damages onions in open and protected ground, storages. Ticks preferentially colonize damaged or diseased plants. In the affected bulbs, the outer surface of the juicy scales is covered with brownish dust, the bottom along the edges is thinned, then falls off, the roots do not form.

These pests are hardly noticeable on onion beds, since the mites are very small (0.5-1 mm). The bulbs are penetrated through the bottom. Spread with the remains of damaged plants, soil, inventory.

Onion stalker on a bow
Onion secretive hunter in the photo

Onion western lurker- pest larvae gnaw longitudinal whitish passages in the pulp of the leaves, translucent through the skin. Larvae up to 7 mm long are yellowish, legless, with a brown head. As adults, they leave the leaves and go into the soil. At the end of July, black beetles appear, which feed on onion leaves before harvesting, winter under the remains of plants, lumps of soil, and stones.

In spring, at an air temperature of +8...+10°C, the beetles begin to additionally feed on young onion leaves.

Onion moth on the bow
Onion moth in the photo

onion moth Causes significant damage to onions, leeks and garlic in warm, dry weather. Damaged leaves, starting from the tops, turn yellow and dry. Light longitudinal spots - mines - are visible on them. Caterpillars penetrate into unopened onion inflorescences and eat out the rudiments of flowers there. During flowering, pedicels gnaw.

As you can see in the photo, the caterpillars of this onion pest reach a length of up to 1 cm, and butterflies - in a wingspan of up to 1.5 cm:

Caterpillars on a bow
Butterflies in the photo

Butterflies hibernate in various secluded places, plant remains, and in the spring at the end of April - May they begin to fly.

Onion fly on a bow
Fly fly in the photo

onion fly poses a danger to onions, leeks, garlic and other onion crops. Damaged plants lag behind in growth, their leaves fade, turn yellowish-gray, and then dry out. Damaged bulbs become soft, rot, emit an unpleasant odor.

Harm white larvae up to 1 cm long, which develop for about three weeks. They then pupate in the soil near damaged plants.

In the conditions of the southern region, the onion fly has two generations. Flies of the first generation fly during the flowering period of lilac, the second - in July. They overwinter as a pupa in the soil at a depth of 5-8 cm.

Onion hoverfly on a bow
Onion hoverfly in the photo

onion hoverfly especially harms weakened plants of various types of onions. Affected plants lag behind in growth, the tops of the leaves turn yellow and wither. The bulbs become soft, rot and emit an unpleasant odor.

Pest larvae are quite large, up to 1 cm. They turn into pupae in the soil near damaged plants.

Hoverflies fly at the end of May - June during the flowering of wild rose. They lay their eggs on or near the bulbs in the soil. The hatched larvae penetrate into the bulbs and feed there for about a month. The pest hibernates in the bulb itself.

Onion stem nematode on onions
Onion stem nematode in the photo

Onion stem nematode affects onions and garlic during the growing season and storage. Infected seedlings grow slowly, the first leaf is swollen and twisted. With severe damage, the plants die. Grayish spots appear on the surface of the infected bulbs, the inner scales become loose, soft, unevenly thickened. Cavities form between the scales, and the bulb feels soft to the touch. The outer scales, and sometimes the bottom, crack; in autumn, such bulbs are without roots. Gray spots are visible near the cracks - clusters of nematodes.

Nematodes hibernate in bulbs, the remains of leaves and scales, seeds. Remain viable in dry scales up to five years.

Diseases when growing onions: photo and description of fungal diseases

Downy mildew on onions
Downy mildew in the photo

Neck rot on onions
Neck rot in the photo

neck rot- the most harmful onion disease during storage. Its development begins in the garden bed. In the second half of summer, when the onion leaves wither and lie down, the fungus penetrates the neck of the bulb. Its tissues soften, a dent forms. 1-2 months after harvesting, the rot covers the entire bulb, it becomes watery, acquires a yellow-pink hue, and emits an unpleasant odor.

With this onion disease, the affected scales are covered with a smoky-gray bloom of the fungus:

Neck rot on onions
Neck rot in the photo

The bulb dries up, leaving only dry scales. During storage, the rot spreads from diseased bulbs to healthy ones. In this case, the lesion begins on the side or bottom of the bulb.

Varieties with dark-colored scales have a shorter growing season, faster maturation, and are more resistant to this disease.

Rust on bow
Onion rust in the photo

Rust affects onions, leeks, garlic. In spring, orange, later reddish-yellow powdery small “warts” form on onion leaves, which turn black in summer. With a strong development of the disease, the leaves dry early, the bulbs become smaller. The causative agent of the disease overwinters on plant debris, as well as on perennial types of onions.

Green moldy rot on onions
Green moldy rot in the photo

Green moldy rot often found on onions during storage. Initially, brown watery spots appear on the bottom or outer scales of the bulbs. On spots and under dry scales, a whitish, then green or bluish-green coating forms first. The causative agent of this fungal onion disease persists in the soil on plant debris, as well as in crop storage areas. The development of rot during storage is facilitated by increased humidity, as well as freezing of the bulbs.

Diseases and pests of onions
Diseases and pests in the photo

Below you will learn how to protect onions from pests and diseases.

Protection of onion plantings from diseases and pests

• use healthy planting material;
• plant zoned varieties that show the greatest resistance to pests and diseases;
• strictly observe the alternation of cultures. Return the onion to its original bed no earlier than 3-4 years later.
• For the prevention of onion diseases, you need to remember that the best predecessors for these crops are potatoes, zucchini, cucumbers, cabbage, parsnips, celery, turnips, radishes.
• Before sowing, carry out heat treatment of seeds (scalding them with running boiling water through a sieve), warm up the seeds for 2-3 days at a temperature of +30 ... + 35 ° C or for 20-25 days at + 25 ° C.
• To treat onions from diseases and protect against pests, it is necessary to apply Bazudin, Zemlin or Initiation to the soil when planting or with top dressing.
• When growing onions on a turnip, with the appearance of the first signs of peronosporosis, spray with Profit Gold. Repeat the treatment after 12-15 days;
• seed plantings of onions from pests (moths of the secretive proboscis) are sprayed with one of the insecticides recommended for protecting cabbage;
• during the growing season, carry out all agrotechnical activities (watering, fertilizing, weeding, loosening, etc.).
• To protect against onion diseases and pests, timely harvesting of ripe onions is necessary. Overexposed on the beds is stored poorly;
• before storing, sort out, discard bulbs with mechanical damage and signs of damage by pests and diseases; dry well. Observe the optimal storage mode;
• in the garden, carefully remove all plant debris, destroy severely affected bulbs. The discarded ones should be discarded first.