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Drilling a well on the Kola Peninsula. Drilling pits under the fence and pillars of the foundation

The GlavTractor company provides services for drilling holes in the ground, including drilling holes for poles. Depending on the size of the holes, their quantity and soil category, drilling equipment is selected, it can be a drill for one operator, a more powerful drill for two operators, a hydraulic drill for drilling complex soils or a mini excavator with drilling equipment for a large amount of work. Our fleet of equipment and staff qualifications allow us to perform any work on drilling holes in the ground in an adequate time. The price of drilling for poles depends on the class of equipment used and the amount of work.

GlavTractor provides drilling services in Moscow and throughout the Moscow region. It is especially convenient to use our services for drilling under poles for customers from the following settlements: Klin, Tver, Lobnya, Dolgoprudny, Skhodnya, Solnechnogorsk, Istra, Dedovsk, Veshki, Khimki, Zelenograd, Krasnogorsk and others. Also, drilling pits for poles will suit customers from Pavshinsky floodplain, Kurkino, River Station, Levoberezhny, Tushino, Khovrino, Golovinsky and Voikovsky district.

Hole drilling prices 2016

Who might need to drill holes in the ground?

Our service is primarily designed for people who are engaged in the construction and arrangement at their summer cottage. At the same time, many tasks arise associated with the use of drilling equipment: installing fences, poles under them and lightning rods, planting fruit and decorative trees, laying communications, drilling piles for foundations, etc.

The most popular use of a drilling service is pillar drilling. If it is still possible to dig one hole manually, although for a long time and laborious, then many simply do not have time to drill manually, for example, twenty holes under the fence posts. An experienced operator, using modern technology, will drill holes in the ground under the poles quickly and efficiently.

Horizontal drilling   - The ideal solution for trenchless pipe laying. Often there is a situation when in order to join some kind of communications you need to hold a pipe under the road. One option is to open the asphalt and dig a trench, lay pipes, dig a trench and then lay the asphalt again. Horizontal drilling in this case will help reduce costs.

What equipment do we use to drill poles under poles

• Oleo-Mac MTL 51 gas drill (drilling depth up to 1.6 m, drill diameter 8-20 cm)

Light petrol drill for one Italian-made operator. Designed to work with light soils of I-II category (sand, loam, soil of the plant layer, light clay). The standard drill length for this Yamobur is 1 m, using an extension cord it can drill holes up to 1.6 m deep. With the Oleo-Mac MTL 51 gas drill, a standard set of drills with diameters of 8, 10, 15 and 20 cm can be used.

This Yamobur is perfect for small jobs: drilling holes under a fence, for planting young trees on a site, under a lightning rod, etc.

• Oleo-Mac MTL 85 R gas drill (drilling depth up to 2.0 m, drill diameter 10-50 cm)

Powerful gas drill for two operators Oleo-Mac MTL 85 R. The large torque allows you to use drills with diameters of up to 50 cm with this motor drill. A complete list of drills for this model is: 10, 15, 20, 30, 35, 40 and 50 cm. All drills have a length of 1 m. Using auger extensions allows drilling to a depth of 2.0 m.

This is the most universal model of a gas drill - a large selection of screws allows you to drill columns with a diameter of up to 50 cm. It is rare when larger drill diameters are required. Well drilling under the posts can be carried out to a depth of 2.0 meters - this is also more than enough for most tasks.

• Caiman OH01 hydraulic drill (drilling depth up to 1.8 m, drill diameter 3.8-40 cm)

To work with complex soils, we use the Caiman OH01 hydraulic drill. Hydraulic drills are adapted for drilling heavy soils, when they are used, a reverse impact or transmission failure is practically excluded. The standard screw length of this hydraulic drill is 90 cm, it is possible to use a screw extension 90 cm long, maximum depth   drilling 1.8 m. The maximum diameter of the drill is 40 cm, the entire list of available drills: 3.8, 5, 7.5, 10, 15, 20, 25, 30 and 40 cm.

The ability to work with heavy soils makes this tool indispensable when drilling in heavy and frozen ground. Drilling pits for the fence in the autumn-winter season is carried out by this drill.

• Mini Excavator with Attached Drilling Equipment

For large-scale works, a mini-excavator with a mounted drill is used. This allows you to work as efficiently and in a short time to solve the task. The use of manual pits is justified in places where it is not possible to place bulky equipment or where existing buildings interfere with the entrance of the equipment. If there are no such problems, then drilling with a mini-excavator is the best choice for a large amount of work: drilling piles under the foundation, drilling under pillars of large diameter or in heavy soil, etc.

What you need to know when ordering a drilling service?

First of all, you need to find out the category of soil on which the work will be carried out. Gasoline motor drills are used on category I and II soils, these soils are considered light. Category I is sand, sandy loam, light moist loam, peat. Category II - fine gravel, loam, light moist clay.

Soils of category III and IV are considered difficult to drill and require the use of more powerful equipment - hydraulic drills or a mini-excavator with drilling equipment, depending on the size of the hole. Category III includes medium and heavy loosened clay, dense loam, soil with large roots. Category IV - this is heavy clay, and frozen soils. Soils, which belonged to the I-III category during the summer period, are drilled much worse during freezing and already belong to the IV category.

The second important parameter when drilling is the diameter of the hole. As the diameter increases, the torque that the engine must provide for efficient drilling also increases. This is associated with restrictions on the use of large diameter drills with light motor drills.

When ordering a drilling service for pillars, the price of the order will depend on the class of equipment that will be used at the facility, and on the amount of work. To calculate the cost of work, call us, and the manager will advise you on the price, the necessary equipment and help you place an order.

Kola Superdeep Borehole (SG-3) is the deepest borehole in the world. It is located in the Murmansk region, 10 kilometers west of the city of Zapolyarny, on the territory of the Baltic Shield. Its depth is 12,262 meters. Unlike other super-deep wells, which were made for oil production or exploration, SG-3 was drilled exclusively to study the lithosphere in the place where the boundary of Mokhorovichich comes close to the Earth's surface.

The thickness of sedimentary rocks by that time was well studied in oil production. It was more interesting to drill where volcanic rocks about 3 billion years old (for comparison: the Earth’s age is estimated at 4.5 billion years) come to the surface. For mining, such rocks rarely drill deeper than 1-2 km. It was assumed that already at a depth of 5 km the granite layer will be replaced by basalt.

The Kola superdeep served as the source of the urban legend of the "road to hell" (Well to Hell hoax). This urban legend has been on the Internet since at least 1997. According to this legend, in the thickest of the earth, at a depth of 12 thousand meters, the microphones of scientists recorded screams and groans. In the tabloid newspapers they write that it is a "voice from the underworld." The Kola superdeep well was called the "road to hell" - each new drilled kilometer brought misfortune to the country. When the drillers were driving thirteen thousand meters, the USSR collapsed. When the well was drilled to a depth of 14.5 km, they suddenly stumbled upon voids. Intrigued by this unexpected discovery, the drillers lowered a microphone there, capable of operating at extremely high temperatures, and other sensors. The temperature inside reached 1,100 ° C - there was a heat of fire chambers, in which, allegedly, one could hear human cries.

In the late 80s, reports appeared in the foreign press that the Russians had drilled a hole in the underworld. So they talked about the deepest Kola well. Allegedly, the scientists lowered the microphone to a depth of over 10 kilometers and recorded terrible sounds. On a magnetic record - whistles, rattle, groans, heartbreaking screams of men and women. It was as if the drill had fallen into real biblical hell, where sinners were immersed in boiling resin. Therefore, they say, they didn’t continue to “hole the earth” ...

OTHER SOURCE

In fact, in the 70s, in the northwest of the Kola Peninsula, they began to drill the deepest well in the world in order to study the Earth's bowels in more detail. Rock cores taken from drill pipes were laid out in boxes in a certain order. Sensors were periodically lowered into the well to measure the temperature of each successive horizon. In 1991, her face reached 12,261 meters. The continuous section of two ancient complexes was discovered for the first time in a time interval of 3 to 1.6 billion years. The giant rig, twenty-story-tall, will probably stand for many more years as a monument to the record of drilling depth reached here.

This information about “voices from underground” is not unique. For example, Muscovite Stanislav Dolger says: “My wife and I bought a summer cottage, and began to equip it. Since water had to go half a kilometer to the nearest column, the first question for us was the well. We found out from the neighbors that the water in our area is about seven meters. In the spring I ordered eight concrete rings. I decided to do everything myself. Digging on weekends, without rushing. Over the weekend, buried a meter in depth, and then for a week left for the capital, giving the rings the opportunity to calmly and evenly settle.

Oddities began with the sixth ring - at a depth of six meters I suddenly began to hear voices. The speech was rude, jerky, reminiscent of German. The voices sounded different - male, female, children's. And not always, but as usually happens in any house: sometimes everyone is busy and silence reigns, otherwise suddenly a dispute arises and individual phrases are heard. One after another, interrupting, overlapping one another.

What I just did not change my mind about this. At first, of course, he decided that his wife was talking to someone outside. Then he began to sin on his own mind. However, it soon became clear that I did not imagine. Firstly, I heard voices only below, and nowhere else. Secondly, when it rose, they became quieter and more muffled, remaining below. That is, the voices were not tied to my head, but to a specific place. I even tried a psychotropic stimulant - I grunted two hundred grams of vodka and went downstairs. Voices were heard in the same way as sobriety. He wanted to lower his wife so she also listened - but she was afraid of the depths.

Then there were other thoughts - like that there was some secret bunker, a secret mine below. However, no one had ever heard of anything similar in the village or around. Ideas, like telephone cables lying below, and conversations reflected in my brain, also had to be thrown back - who would dig the wires for six meters. The most plausible thought seemed to me that I came across a dwelling of some gnomes or some underground creatures. Or, more precisely, dug somewhere very close.

Upstairs, it was hard to believe in such things - but when you sit deep underground, while someone is chatting over the ear itself - everything is perceived somewhat differently. I even took a week digging, expecting if something bad would happen. But on the site and around everything remained calm. And I began to dig a well further, every minute expecting some surprises. But nothing happened - except for lively comments in an unfamiliar language almost overhead. Nevertheless, I stubbornly buried another meter and on Sunday evening left for the city. When he arrived at the cottage six days later, water was already splashing in the well. No more voices came from there, the water in it turned out to be the most ordinary (I passed it to the SES for analysis). ”

edited news Mr. bubble - 21-09-2010, 20:31

"Dr. Huberman, what the hell did you dig down there?" - a replica from the audience interrupted the report of a Russian scientist at a UNESCO meeting in Australia.

A couple of weeks before, in April 1995, a wave of reports of a mysterious accident at the Kola superdeep well swept around the world. Allegedly, when approaching the 13th kilometer, the instruments recorded a strange noise coming from the bowels of the planet - the yellow newspapers unanimously assured that only the cries of sinners from the underworld could sound like that. A few seconds after the appearance of a terrible sound, an explosion thundered ...

Space under your feet

In the late 70s and early 80s it was more difficult to get a job on the Kola superdeep, as the inhabitants of the city of Zapolyarny, Murmansk Region call the well, than to get into the cosmonaut squad. Out of hundreds of applicants, one or two were chosen. Together with the order for employment, the lucky ones received a separate apartment and a salary equal to the double-triple salary of a Moscow professor. 16 research laboratories worked simultaneously at the well, each the size of an average plant. With such stubbornness, only the Germans dug the earth, but, as the Guinness Book of Records testifies, the deepest German well is almost twice as short as ours.

Distant galaxies have been studied by mankind much better than what is located under the earth’s crust a few kilometers from us. Kola superdeep - a kind of telescope into the mysterious inner world of the planet.

Since the beginning of the XX century, it was believed that the Earth consists of a crust, mantle and core. In this case, no one could really say where one layer ends and the next begins. Scientists did not even know what, in fact, these layers consist of. Some 40 years ago, they were sure that the granite layer begins at a depth of 50 meters and lasts up to 3 kilometers, and then basalts go. It was expected to meet the mantle at a depth of 15-18 kilometers. In reality, everything turned out to be completely different. And although school textbooks still write that the Earth consists of three layers, scientists from the Kola superdeep have proved that this is not so.

Baltic shield

Travel projects deep into the Earth appeared in the early 60s in several countries at once. They tried to drill wells in those places where the crust was supposed to be thinner - the goal was to reach the mantle. For example, Americans drilled in the area of \u200b\u200bthe island of Maui, Hawaii, where, according to seismic studies, ancient rocks go under the ocean floor and the mantle is located at a depth of 5 kilometers under a 4-kilometer water column.

Alas, no ocean rig deeper than 3 kilometers has made its way. In general, almost all ultra-deep well projects mystically ended at a depth of 3 kilometers. It was at this moment that something strange began to happen to the Boers: they either fell into unexpected super-hot areas, or they seemed to be bitten off by some unprecedented monster. Only 5 wells burst deeper than 3 kilometers, 4 of them were Soviet. And only Kola superdeep was destined to overcome the mark of 7 kilometers.

Initial domestic projects also involved underwater drilling - in the Caspian Sea or on Lake Baikal. But in 1963, drill scientist Nikolai Timofeev convinced the USSR State Committee for Science and Technology that a well should be created on the continent. Although it would take much longer to drill, he thought, the well would be much more valuable from a scientific point of view, because it was in the thickness of continental plates in prehistoric times that the most significant movements of terrestrial rocks took place.

The drilling point was not chosen by chance on the Kola Peninsula. The peninsula is located on the so-called Baltic Shield, which is composed of the oldest rocks known to mankind. A multi-kilometer section of the Baltic shield layers is a visual history of the planet over the past 3 billion years.

Conqueror of the depths

The appearance of the Kola rig can disappoint the average man. The well is not like the mine that our imagination draws. No descents under the ground, only a drill with a diameter of a little more than 20 centimeters goes into the thickness. The imaginary section of the Kola ultra-deep well looks like a tiny needle piercing the earth's thickness. A drill with numerous sensors, located at the end of the needle, is raised and lowered for several days. You can’t do it faster: the strongest composite cable can break under its own weight.

What happens in depth is not known for certain. Ambient temperature, noise and other parameters are transmitted upward with a minute delay. Nevertheless, drillers say that even such contact with the dungeon can seriously scare. Sounds coming from below are indeed like cries and howls. To this can be added a long list of accidents that pursued the Kola superdeep when it reached a depth of 10 kilometers.

Twice the drill got melted, although the temperatures from which it can melt are comparable to the temperature of the surface of the Sun. Once the cable seemed to be pulled from below - and cut off. Subsequently, when drilled in the same place, no cable remains were found. What caused these and many other accidents is still a mystery. However, they did not at all become the reason for stopping the drilling of the bowels of the Baltic Shield.

Core excavation to the surface.

Extracted core.

Three-cone chisel.

12,000 meters of discovery and a little devilry

“We have the deepest hole in the world - so it should be used!” - exclaims bitterly the permanent director of the Kola Superdeep Research and Production Center David Huberman. In the first 30 years of Kola’s super-deep existence, Soviet and then Russian scientists broke through to a depth of 12,262 meters. But since 1995, drilling has ceased: there is no one to finance the project. What is highlighted in the framework of UNESCO's scientific programs is enough only to maintain the drilling station in working condition and to study previously extracted rock samples.

Huberman regretfully recalls how many scientific discoveries took place on the Kola superdeep. Literally every meter was a revelation. The well showed that almost all our previous knowledge about the structure of the earth's crust is incorrect. It turned out that the Earth did not at all look like a layer cake. “Up to 4 kilometers, everything went according to theory, and then the doomsday began,” says Huberman. Theorists have promised that the temperature of the Baltic Shield will remain relatively low to a depth of at least 15 kilometers. Accordingly, the well can be dug almost up to 20 kilometers, just before the mantle.

But already at 5 kilometers the ambient temperature exceeded 700 degrees Celsius, at seven - over 1200 degrees, and at a depth of 12 it fried more than 2200 degrees - 1000 degrees higher than predicted. Kola drillers cast doubt on the theory of the layered structure of the earth's crust - at least in the range of up to 12,262 meters.

We were taught at school: there are young breeds, granites, basalts, a mantle and a core. But granites were 3 kilometers lower than expected. Then there should have been basalts. They were not found at all. All drilling took place in a granite layer. This is an extremely important discovery, because all our ideas about the origin and distribution of minerals are connected with the theory of the layered structure of the Earth.

The eruptive breccia of basalts from a depth of 2977.8 m

Another surprise: life on planet Earth arose, it turns out, 1.5 billion years earlier than anticipated. At the depths where it was believed that there was no organic matter, 14 species of petrified microorganisms were discovered - the age of the deep layers exceeded 2.8 billion years. At even greater depths, where sedimentary rocks are no longer present, methane appeared in enormous concentrations. This completely and completely destroyed the theory of the biological origin of hydrocarbons such as oil and gas.

Demons

There were almost fantastic sensations. When the Soviet automatic space station brought 124 grams of lunar soil to the Earth in the late 70s, researchers at the Kola Science Center found that it looked like samples from 3 kilometers depth like two drops of water. And a hypothesis arose: the moon broke away from the Kola Peninsula. Now they are looking for exactly where. By the way, the Americans, who brought half a ton of soil from the Moon, did nothing sensible with him. They were placed in airtight containers and left for research to future generations.

In the history of Kola, the superdeep was not without mysticism. Officially, as already mentioned, the well stopped due to lack of funds. Coincidence or not - but it was in that 1995, in the depths of the mine, a powerful explosion of an unknown nature was heard. Journalists of the Finnish newspaper broke through to the inhabitants of Zapolyarny - and the world was shocked by the story of a demon flying out of the bowels of the planet.

“When they began to question me about this mysterious story at UNESCO, I did not know what to answer. On the one hand, bullshit. On the other hand, as an honest scientist, I could not say that I knew what exactly happened with us. A very strange noise was recorded, then there was an explosion ... After a few days, nothing of the kind was found at the same depth, ”recalls Academician David Huberman.

Quite unexpectedly for everyone, the predictions of Alexei Tolstoy from the novel “Hyperboloid of Engineer Garin” were confirmed. At a depth of over 9.5 kilometers, they discovered a real storehouse of all kinds of minerals, in particular gold. The real olivine layer, ingeniously predicted by the writer. Gold in it is 78 grams per ton. By the way, industrial production is possible at a concentration of 34 grams per ton. Perhaps in the near future, mankind will be able to take advantage of this wealth.

As you know, drilling the earth, more precisely, pit in the ground, is often a necessary initial stage of various construction work on the site.

This process occurs using not only the necessary equipment, but also through well-chosen specialists who are qualified in one or another type of work. But now we will touch upon such an urgent topic as the drilling process for pit posts.

1 Why drill holes?

Of course, the presence of a fence (for example, an iron tension grid of a chain-link or wooden) requires us to carry out certain work with our own hands on a designated area of \u200b\u200bland. It is for this that the procedure of drilling wells under the pillars (more precisely, holes of a certain depth) is necessary.

We will consider the drilling process itself by the example of installing columns on the summer cottage for the fence from the netting netting.

First we need to make a certain calculation. For example, you need to fence a certain garden or garden plot with an area of \u200b\u200b6 acres. It turns out that the width of the land is 20 meters, the length is 30 meters.

For the normal installation of the fence with your own hands, you will need to drill holes and hammer piles located at a distance of 2.5 meters from each other. To this value, you also need to add another wicket 1 m wide, as well as a gate 3 m wide. As you can see, in this case it is necessary to drill additional holes for poles in order to install individual elements of the fence mentioned above.

Using simple calculations, we obtain the following result: to install a fence with your own hands, as well as its components (such as a fence and a gate), you will need to drill about 40 holes.

When drilling land under poles, the main thing to consider is the following parameters:

• the height and width of the future fence;
• type of materials the fence is made of (wood, stone, iron, etc.);
• soil condition;
• equipment that will be drilled (a special drill for poles is often used).

2 Calculation of drilling depth

In order to calculate the depth during drilling and installation of poles, we need to carry out a number of certain calculations. For example, take the fencing of a piece of land with our own hands in a galvanized wire netting, the height of which is 1.5 meters.

Most manufacturers and sellers for its fastening offer precisely metal posts (or piles) 2.4 meters high. Based on these indicators, it can be calculated that drilling for the foundation piles should be carried out to a depth of 80 cm.

2.1 Equipment for drilling holes

Do-it-yourself installation of a fence implies carrying out work on drilling holes (or holes) under the posts for the future fence. At first glance, no difficulties should arise in this. But if a garden plot, for example, does not consist of soft and fluffy black soil or sand, but of hard viscous clay, then a shovel would simply be inappropriate.

Firstly, you will spend a lot of effort digging a hole 80 cm deep, and secondly, the width of the hole will not coincide with the diameter of the pile that you need to mount. Therefore, the only way out in this situation will be to purchase a manual punch. Using it, the drilling process for you will be greatly simplified. This unit can be both homemade, and factory.

But, as the people say, progress does not stand still, and instead of manual, you can buy a gas drill. In cost, it is slightly different, since it is more expensive than a manual unit. Such a gas drill is suitable even for very hard clay soil. And the process of drilling and installing the fence with your own hands will take you from 1 to 2 days. Therefore, without even doubting, you need to purchase a manual gas drill.

In addition to the above drilling units, you may be interested in such an option as a garden manual pit. It is a simple metal structure consisting of 3 main parts:

• the drill itself with a screw itself, whose length reaches 1 meter and a diameter of 150 millimeters;
• handle pipe, which is wound on a home-made garden Yamobur;
• extension cord that can be wound. It comes in the form of a pipe up to 1 meter long.

Such a simple construction, consisting of 3 parts, can weigh about 10 kg and allows you to drill a hole (or hole) for a pile up to 2 meters deep.

However, choosing a manual garden pit, you must remember about its service life. Because often, after half a year of using such an aggregate, you can notice that the drilling process is becoming more difficult, and the earth is not amenable to penetration. “What is the matter ?!” - you think.

The thing is that homemade manual Yamobur is designed for a certain amount of drilling and, often, just do not have sharpening. In other words, manufacturers never sharpen that part of the auger of the drill, responsible for “biting” the unit into the ground and cutting off its layers. Therefore, you need to periodically sharpen not only a cheap manual garden drill, but also an expensive gas drill.

There are two ways to sharpen a drilling unit. The first is the use of an angle grinder. In the people it is called a grinder, which allows you to sharpen your Yamobur without much effort. For such a responsible and unhurried work, you will need only 5-10 minutes. And as a result, the blades are sharp, like a knife.

The second method is different in that you grind the drill with your own hands with the help of a regular file, designed for rough polishing and metal processing. The only disadvantage of this method of sharpening is the slow pace of work. On average, it takes from 30 minutes to 2 hours to sharpen.

And now, when your gas drill is already ready for work, and you have decided on the depth to which the piles will be driving the depth for the future fence, you can safely start drilling holes.

2.2 Stages of drilling operations

When you need to drill holes (pits) under the piles of the future fence, it is necessary to carry out certain steps:

• mark the area for future piles (in other words, outline the places where you need to drill). We pay attention to the type of soil in order to calculate our strength and time for carrying out this type of work;
• we prepare the gas drill for earthwork (we sharpen and lubricate it);
• we begin to drill the soil, slowly delving deeper into the soil of the earth, gradually removing its layers;
• after you have crossed the threshold of 30-40 centimeters and feel certain difficulties in further deepening, you need to take water and pour it into the formed hole. This allows you to soften the soil. Thanks to this, your gas drill will begin to drill faster;
• after the main work of the drill has completed, you proceed to the stage of installation of piles (or poles).

Following these steps, you will not only quickly mount the piles and install the fence, but also save your money, since this type of drilling work can be done quite independently. The main thing is that at hand there is always a good and sharp gas drill. With it, you quickly drill holes under the fence posts and get a reliable fence. A gas drill will help you with this.

If you find it difficult to drill holes under the fence, then you can take the help of highly qualified specialists who will help you with this.

2.3 Stages of drilling holes under poles (video)

To get into those secrets that are under our feet is not easier than to find out all the secrets of the Universe above our heads. And maybe even more difficult, because in order to look deep into the Earth, a very deep well is needed.

The goals of drilling are different (oil production, for example), but ultra-deep (more than 6 km) wells are primarily needed by scientists who want to know what is interesting inside our planet. We will tell you where such "windows" to the center of the Earth are located and how the deepest drilled well is called, we will tell you in this article. First, only one explanation.

Drilling can be carried out both vertically downward and at an angle to the surface of the earth. In the second case, the length can be very large, but the depth, if we evaluate it from the wellhead (the beginning of the well on the surface) to the deepest point in the bowels, is less than that which runs perpendicularly.

An example is one of the wells of the Chayvinskoye field, the length of which reached 12,700 m, but in depth it is significantly inferior to the deepest wells.

This well with a depth of 7520 m is located on the territory of modern Western Ukraine. However, work on it was still in the USSR in 1975 - 1982.

The purpose of creating this one of the deepest wells in the USSR was the extraction of minerals (oil and gas), but the study of the bowels of the earth was also an important task.

9 En-Yakhinsky well

  Near the city of Novy Urengoy in the Yamal-Nenets district. The purpose of drilling the Earth was to determine the composition of the earth's crust at the drilling site and determine the profitability of developing large depths for mining.

As is usually the case with super-deep wells, the bowels of the earth have given researchers many "surprises." For example, at a depth of about 4 km, the temperature reached +125 (above the calculated), and after another 3 km, the temperature was already +210 degrees. Nevertheless, scientists completed their research, and in 2006 the well was liquidated.

8 Saatlinskaya in Azerbaijan

In the USSR, one of the deepest wells in the world, Saatlinskaya, was drilled in the territory of the Republic of Azerbaijan. It was planned to bring its depth to 11 km and conduct various studies related to both the structure of the earth's crust and the development of oil at different depths.

However, it was not possible to drill such a deep well, as it happens very, very often. In the process, machines often fail due to extremely high temperatures and pressure; the well is bent because the hardness of different rocks is heterogeneous; often a minor breakdown entails such problems that their solution requires more money than creating a new one.

So in this case, despite the fact that the materials obtained as a result of drilling were very valuable, the work had to be stopped at around 8324 m.

7 Zisterdorf - the deepest in Austria

  Another deep well was drilled in Austria near the town of Zisterdorf. Gas and oil fields were located nearby, and geologists hoped that an ultra-deep well would allow for super-profits in the field of mining.

Indeed, natural gas was discovered at a very significant depth - to the desperation of specialists, it was impossible to extract it. Further drilling ended in an accident, the walls of the well collapsed.
  It did not make sense to restore, they decided to drill another one nearby, but they could not find anything interesting for industrialists in it.

6 US University

One of the deepest wells on Earth is the University of the United States. Its depth is 8686 m. The materials obtained as a result of drilling are of significant interest, as they provide new material on the structure of the planet on which we live.

Surprisingly, as a result, it turned out that it was not scientists who were right, but science fiction: there are layers of minerals in the depths, and life exists at a great depth - the truth is, we are talking about bacteria!

  In the 90s, Germany began drilling an ultra-deep Hauptboring well. It was planned to bring its depth to 12 km, but, as is usually the case with superdeep mines, the plans were not successful. Already at around 7 meters, problems associated with automatic machines began: drilling vertically downward became impossible, the mine began to deviate more and more to the side. Each meter was given with difficulty, and the temperature grew extremely.

Finally, when the heat reached 270 degrees, and endless accidents and malfunctions all exhausted, it was decided to suspend work. This happened at a depth of 9.1 km, which makes the Hauptboring well one of the deepest.

The scientific materials obtained as a result of drilling have become the basis for thousands of studies, and the mine itself is currently used for tourism purposes.

4 Biden Unit

  In the United States, Lone Star attempted to drill an ultra-deep well in 1970. The place near the city of Anadarko in Oklahoma was not chosen by chance: here the wildlife and high scientific potential create a convenient opportunity for both drilling a well and exploring it.

The work was carried out for more than a year, and during this time we drilled it to a depth of 9159 m, which allows us to include it among the deepest mines in the world.

  And finally, we present the three deepest wells in the world. In third place, Berta Rogers is the world's first super-deep well, which, however, did not for long stay the deepest. After only a little time, the deepest well in the USSR appeared - Kola.

Berta Rogers was drilled by GHK, a company engaged in the development of minerals, mainly natural gas. The aim of the work was to search for gas at great depths. Work began in 1970, when very little was known about the bowels of the earth.

The company had high hopes for a place in Washicho County, because there are a lot of minerals in Oklahoma, and at that time, scientists thought that there were whole layers of oil and gas in the thickness of the earth. However, 500 days of work and the enormous funds invested in the project turned out to be useless: the drill melted in a layer of liquid sulfur, and gas or oil could not be detected.

In addition, no scientific research was carried out during drilling, since the well was only of commercial importance.

2 KTB-Oberpfalz

  In second place in our rating is the German well Oberpfalz, which reached a depth of almost 10 km.

This mine is the record holder as the deepest vertical well, because without deviations to the side, it goes to a depth of 7500 m! This is an unprecedented indicator, because the mines at great depths will inevitably bend, but the unique equipment used by scientists from Germany made it possible to move the drill vertically down for a very long time.

The diameter difference is not that big either. Ultra-deep wells begin on the surface of the earth with holes of a rather large diameter (71 cm at Oberpfalz), and then gradually narrow. At the bottom, a German well has a diameter of only about 16 cm.

The reason why it was necessary to stop work is the same as in all other cases - equipment failure due to high temperatures.

1 Kola well - the deepest in the world

We owe a foolish legend to a “duck” launched in the Western press, where, with reference to the mythical “world-famous scientist” Azzakov, they talked about a “creature” escaping from a mine with a temperature of 1000 degrees, the moans of millions of people who signed up for microphone down and so on.

At first glance it is clear that the story is sewn with white thread (and it was published, by the way, on “April Fool's Day”): the temperature in the mine was not higher than 220 degrees, however, with it, like at 1000 degrees, no microphone can work ; creatures did not break out, and the named scientist does not exist.

The Kola well is the deepest in the world. Its depth reaches 12262 m, which significantly exceeds the depth of other mines. But not the extent! Now we can name at least three wells - Qatar, Sakhalin-1 and one of the wells of the Chayvinskoye field (Z-42) - which are longer, but not deeper.
  Kola gave scientists colossal material that is still not fully processed and meaningful.

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