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Yandex map. Old Saratov. Yandex map Old maps of the Saratov province for treasure hunters

Treasure hunters of the Volga region are sure that the dashing ataman of the Volga freemen Stepan Razin hid most of the stolen treasures in their region. And the troublemaker robbed, according to historical chronicles, a lot. Treasures that seekers manage to find in the Volga region from time to time only confirm their version.
Historians, topographers and the military are aware of the existence of maps published before 1917, which indicate the places where approximately one should look for treasures. But the whole snag lies precisely in this “approximation”. How should one interpret such a phrase: “The treasure was buried near the Captain’s Mountain”? How to accurately determine exactly that square meter with buried treasures, when the marking with a cross on the map indicates a geographical object that is very extensive in area - after all, the excavation of such a mountain can take decades!

Therefore, the whole problem of searching for treasures, which are conducted by both members of official local history societies and private individuals, often rests precisely on the scale of the work, and this also applies to searches in archives and excavations directly on the ground.
Finding a treasure without a cartographic basis is unrealistic. There are indications of the places of treasures, for example, in pre-revolutionary sources. Among them is A.N. Minkh, works of other members of the Saratov Scientific Archival Commission (SUAK), etc.

THE ROCK OF STEPAN RAZIN
The cliff of Stepan Razin is a section of the steep bank of the Volga on the border of the Saratov and Volgograd regions.
The cliff is located 5 kilometers south of the village of Belogorskoye, at 50 ° 36 "northern latitude and 45 ° 39" eastern longitude. The shore of the Volgograd reservoir in this area rises to 35-40 meters. The upper layer of the cliff, 20 meters thick, is composed of Cretaceous rocks of the Turonian-Senon, whose age reaches 90 million years. The lower layer is formed by quartz-glauconite sands of the Cenomanian stage, 100 Ma old. The cliff is divided in half by a deep “Slave” (“Prison”, “Datura”) ravine, from the south it borders on Datura Mountain, the height of which reaches 186.2 meters. Four Old Believer caves are also known in the cliff area: “Staraya I”, “Staraya II”, “Fox” and “Mayskaya”, 600 to 800 meters long (probably, before the collapses there was a single system of tunnels connected to each other). The cliff is the northernmost point of the Shcherbakovsky Natural Park, on the territory of which there are also the Urakov and Nastin mounds associated with the name of Stepan Razin.

Stepan Razin's cliff has a scientific historical and cultural significance, officially recognized as an archaeological natural monument of the Saratov region.
It is known for certain that the area of ​​the cliff was already developed in the Bronze Age. Traces of later settlements date back to the time of the Great Horde and the popular uprising led by Stepan Razin. Presumably, the legendary ataman himself lived and commanded in the military camp, located on the top of the cliff, personally tracked down and robbed merchant ships that sailed past along the Volga, and threw the captured prisoners into imprisonment in the "Prison" ravine. There is also a legend that it was in this place that Razin drowned the Persian princess.
Due to the fact that the rebellious army passed along the Volga to Saratov, among the inhabitants of various coastal villages, Stepan Razin's cliffs (mounds) were called different parts of the coast, from Shcherbakovka in the south to Nizhnyaya Bannovka in the north. This has caused discrepancies in travel guides and records. A place very similar to a cliff was first described by the artists Grigory and Nikanor Chernetsov in 1838. A year later, the researcher A. Leopoldov, under the name of Stenka Razin's Mound, described another place, located a little to the south and popularly called the "Cancer" mountain. Taras Shevchenko, who saw him from the ship, also left a small note about the mound of Stenka Razin. In 1861, the founders of the Saratov Art Museum, Nikolai and Alexei Bogolyubov, in the work “Volga from Tver to Astrakhan”, Stepan Razin’s Hillock was named a place located to the north of all previous descriptions. The first photograph of the cliff was taken by Nizhny Novgorod photographer M. Dmitriev in 1894. At the beginning of the 20th century, a map was published in the guidebook "Sputnik along the Volga River and its tributaries Kama and Oka" with the exact location of the cliff and Datura Mountain.

Archaeological expeditions
One of the first official scientific expeditions to Stepan Razin's Cliff was organized in 1907. Local lore explored the settlement, the emergence of which was attributed to the times of peasant uprisings led by Stepan Razin. The discovered objects, first of all a coin minted during the reign of Alexei Mikhailovich Romanov, confirmed the age of the settlement. In the 1960s, archaeological excavations were carried out on the cliff under the guidance of I. V. Sinitsyn, professor of the Faculty of History of Saratov University. Cultural layers of the Bronze Age, the period of the Tatar-Mongol yoke, and new evidence of the stay of Stepan Razin's detachments in these places were discovered.

Datura mountain

In the absence of direct evidence of both the very stay of Stepan Razin in the vicinity of the cliff, and the events associated with it, over the centuries that have passed since those times, a variety of legends have developed among the people about the treasures allegedly buried in these places, about the phenomena of ghosts and other mystical events.

Tomb of Marina Mnishek
In 1859, the Saratov Provincial Vedomosti published the story of a barge hauler who, having climbed a cliff with his friend, saw a hole with a door in the ground. Having descended into the dungeon, they found themselves in a richly furnished room, in the middle of which a coffin bound with three iron hoops was placed. In the corner of the room hung an icon in a frame strewn with precious stones, and along the walls stood many barrels of gold and silver. The barge haulers prayed to the icon, after which the narrator's friend grabbed a hammer that lay near the coffin and broke the locks on the coffin, from which Marina Mnishek rose to life. Barge hauler, distraught, began to whip her with iron rods, and the narrator who tried to stop him was instantly thrown out the door by an invisible force. The entrance to the dungeon disappeared without a trace. After the incident, the barge hauler returned to the ship alone, his comrade was missing.

It is noteworthy that a similar legend is also associated with Urakov Hill, located just to the south. According to her, barge haulers descended into the cave of the Mongolian sorcerer Gazuk, where they saw a girl risen from a golden coffin.

Treasure of the murdered robber
At the end of the 19th century, a peasant from the village of Danilovka told a story that was passed on to him by his late father, a participant in what happened. In stormy weather, three Danilov peasants went to the opposite bank of the Volga, where they met a young guy and a woman with a child. The stranger asked to be transported to Danilovka, and after a short bargaining, the peasants agreed. In the middle of the journey, the guy ordered his companion to throw the child overboard. Hearing a refusal, he rushed at her with a dagger and was killed by the oar of a quickly reacting helmsman. The rescued woman said that her murdered kidnapper was a robber. Having undressed him, the peasants found a pantry charter, compiled by one of Stepan Razin's captains, which described in detail the burial place of the ataman's wealth on Datura Mountain. The peasants went to look for the treasure on Easter. After a short search, after praying, they began to dig. However, the inexplicable began to happen: first, a herd of mad cows rushed at the peasants, then a storm arose, from which three robbers with clubs appeared, after which the heroes of the story, frightened, decided to stop searching. The next day, the treasure was no longer in the pit, only prints from a chest buried there and traces of a German wagon remained.

Ghost of Stepan Razin
According to the stories of the inhabitants of the surrounding villages, the spirit of the executed chieftain repeatedly appeared to people in different guises. One of these stories, according to which a German woodcutter heard Razin's voice in the forest near Datura Mountain, was recorded from the words of a Danilov peasant by the leader of the 1907 expedition, B.V. Zaikovsky. A resident of the village of Shcherbakovka recounted another mysterious incident that happened to his father, who saw the ghost of Stepan Razin. On the way to Danilovka, in a strong blizzard, he met an old man in rags, who refused an invitation to a warm overnight stay with the words: “I am Stenka Razin, a great sinner. I have to suffer another 70 years. Tell all people, Russians and Germans, let them live in peace!

Riddle Datura Mountain
Of all the legends associated with Stepan Razin's Cliff, scientists managed to unravel only one. Many archaeologists and treasure hunters, who since the end of the 19th century have been actively looking for riches buried by the ataman, complained of dizziness and deterioration in well-being. There were also more strange events, because of which the treasures were considered charmed and cursed. The last remarkable story happened already in Soviet times with a tractor driver who stopped to rest and worked at Datura Mountain. In his sleep, he heard someone forcefully open the tractor door, but there was no one around. As soon as he fell asleep again, everything happened again. There is also a rumor among the people about the prison ravine, where supposedly all the prisoners of Stepan Razin fell ill after the first night. However, the explanation for these myths was given by the studies of geologists who discovered electromagnetic radiation in these places - presumably, the legacy of the volcano located there.

STENKA RAZIN - RUSSIAN FLIBOOSTER

Source: Columbus Magazine #12 (2005)
Stepan Razin is without a doubt an epic figure in Russian history. The leader of the peasant uprising of 1670-1671, the Cossack ataman, the colorful leader of the people, he became famous for his rampant lifestyle, numerous military victories and no less rich trophies. Rumors and legends about the treasures plundered by the Razin Cossacks amazed the imagination of many generations. Until now, there is an opinion that some of the precious metals, gold coins and stones were hidden by the legendary ataman in a safe place. But where should one look for the treasure of Stenka Razin?

Cossack robbers

Stepan Razin was born around 1630 on the free Don, into a wealthy Cossack family. According to some reports, he was a "tuma", i.e. the son of a Cossack and a captive Turkish woman, he knew Turkish and Tatar languages ​​very well.

The Cossacks at that time were a very peculiar military estate. They did not obey Russian law, had self-government and led a special way of life. Their main occupation was campaigns against neighboring Tatars, Turks and Nogais. The Cossacks returned from campaigns with rich booty. At the beginning of the 17th century, the Don Cossacks mastered the maritime form of robbery. On small boats - plows, they went to the Azov, then the Black Sea and robbed passing ships. However, in 1660, the exit to the Sea of ​​Azov was firmly blocked by the Turks. Not far from Azov, they built a powerful fortress Sedd-ul-Islam, and blocked the course of the Don with chains attached to two towers located on different banks. This caused a real crisis of the “Cossack economy”.

Some detachments of Cossacks began to raid even Russian regions. So, in 1666, ataman Vasily Us with 500 horsemen reached almost Tula, making various requisitions along the way. The clerk of the estate of Prince Golitsyn, in particular, reported that the thieves' Cossacks took "10 horses, a dress, canvases, 10 pigs and 20 rams" from his estate.

But Stenka Razin did not want to deal with such small things. He conceived a grander "project". Razin decided to assemble a large detachment, board plows and through the Don, the land crossing, the Lower Volga, go to the Caspian Sea and there to plunder the rich coastal possessions of the Iranian Shah. This was not easy to do. In the lower reaches of the Volga, in Astrakhan, there was a powerful Russian garrison. Its main task was precisely to prevent the robbery Cossack bands from entering the Caspian Sea.

Nevertheless, the Cossacks liked Razin's bold plan. In May 1667, a two thousandth Razin detachment on 40 plows went on a campaign.

In the area of ​​Tsaritsyno, Stenka stopped and robbed a caravan of ships that delivered selected caviar to the Patriarch and Tsar Alexei Mikhailovich himself. The Cossacks took away all the property, part of the ships, weapons and ammunition, food. Then, deceiving the Astrakhan commanders with a clever maneuver, Razin broke through one of the channels into the Caspian Sea.

The island of Chechnya became the main base of the Cossack filibusters. It was from here that Razin went on the so-called Persian campaign.

Persian campaign

Almost all major cities located on the western coast of the Caspian Sea - Derbent, Terki, the vicinity of Baku - were attacked by the Cossacks. The tactics of the Razintsy were simple, but effective. They imperceptibly sailed to a large port city and hid in the nearest floodplains. Then scouts were sent into the city. They found out whether there was a military garrison in the city, how the inhabitants were set up, where the goods were stored. Then, as a rule, early in the morning, they unexpectedly attacked the city, defeated the garrison and robbed the rich inhabitants. In the captured city, the Razintsy lingered until a large contingent of Persian ground forces appeared on the horizon. Sometimes the city authorities voluntarily paid large monetary contributions to uninvited newcomers, on the condition that the Cossacks voluntarily leave the city. In the coastal strip, the Razintsy intercepted merchant ships at the opportunity.

Their plows - long, wide, with a shallow draft, were slow in the open sea, but perfectly maneuvered in the Caspian shallow water, among rocks and pitfalls. They easily kept on steep waves. Each plow had two guns, at the bow and at the stern, a small sail, supplies of water, food, and a "crew" of up to 50 people.

Soon, the Persian cities located on the southern coast of the Caspian Sea - Rasht, Ferahabat, Astrabat and others - were attacked by the Cossacks.

The Persian Shah sent a large flotilla under the command of Mened Khan against the filibusters of Razin. There were 3,700 Shah soldiers on 50 ships. Razintsy had three times less forces.

But Stenka was not taken aback. He decided to lure the Shah's fleet into a trap. The Cossacks staged a stampede. The Persians rushed after them in pursuit. In order not to miss a single robber plow, Mened Khan ordered the Persian ships to connect with chains and capture the Cossacks in a kind of network. At Pig Island, the Persians overtook the filibusters. Suddenly, six Razin plows turned around abruptly and rowed up to the Persian flagship. The Cossacks cut openings in the sides with axes and threw several burning barrels of gunpowder into them. The flagship exploded and sank, pulling other Persian ships into the abyss. Those who remained afloat were shot by the Razintsy from cannons and boarded. The entire Persian fleet, with the exception of three ships, was burned or sunk. On the captured ships, Stenka, among other trophies, found 15-year-old Fatima Meneda, the daughter of a deceased Persian naval commander. Razin made her his concubine.

After a brilliant naval victory, Stenka decided to return to the Don.

Astrakhan treasure

This time, Razin did not fight his way through Astrakhan. He tritely bribed the Astrakhan governor I.S. Prozorovsky. Among the bribes, in particular, there was a priceless sable fur coat, covered with satin and previously owned by the ill-fated Mened Khan. Prozorovsky accepted the gifts and let the Razints into the city without much delay. Dressed to the nines, Stenka walked around Astrakhan, accompanied by enthusiastic townsfolk, throwing gold ducats into the crowd. Beggars knelt before him and called him "father." Razin's ships were richly decorated with carpets and silk. The ataman's plow was completely upholstered in red velvet, decorated with pearl necklaces, and two brocade sails proudly fluttered on the masts.

However, some experts believe that Stenka “finished” the main treasury and hid it somewhere not far from Astrakhan. He was afraid that the tsarist governor Prozorovsky would requisition the valuables looted by the Cossacks during the Persian campaign. The laying of the treasure took place at the end of August 1669. Gold and silver were neatly packed in forged chests and buried near the shore. Even the place of a secret cache is called - floodplains in the area of ​​\u200b\u200bthe so-called Spit (now it is a district of the city of Astrakhan). By the way, it was in this place that Razin threw the unfortunate Persian princess into the water.

It is believed that Stenka committed such an obscene act while in a state of drunken psychosis. But there is another, more logical explanation - the princess knew something about the place of burial of the treasure, and they decided to get rid of her as an unwanted witness.

Razin already then had a clear plan - to return to the Don, gather a large army and shake up the "Moscow State". If successful, Razin hoped to try on the crown of the Russian Tsar. In case of failure, he was going to flee to Turkey, and there the hidden treasure would be very useful to him. But events turned out differently than the legendary ataman planned. In the battle near Simbirsk, Stenka was wounded, and on April 14, 1671, his comrades-in-arms handed over Razin to the tsarist authorities. He was soon executed.

Researchers have been searching for the Razin treasure for a long time. The Astrakhan version is considered the most promising. However, the organization of underwater search operations requires a lot of effort and, most importantly, financial investments.

map of samara province

TREASURE IN KRASNOARMEISK
A pensioner from Krasnoarmeysk (Saratov region) found a treasure trove of gold items with a total weight of 2.8 kg in his garden. This was announced on Tuesday in the administration of the Krasnoarmeisky district of the region.

The iron box, in which the pensioner found 517 old gold coins, gold chains, rings and a bracelet, was in the ground brought at his request to the garden from the site of the future construction of the Church of Peter and Paul in Krasnoarmeysk, Interfax reports.

Currently, historians and employees of the tax inspectorate determine the value of the treasure, 50% of which, according to the law, is due to the owner of the find.

The pensioner intends to transfer part of the funds for the construction of the church of Peter and Paul.

SOSNOVO-MAZINSKY TREASURE
a complex of copper items dating back to the Late Bronze Age (12th-11th centuries BC). Opened in 1901 near the village. Pine Maza (Khvalynsky district of the Saratov region). The hoard (total weight 21 kg) includes 58 wide single-edged tools (sickles or mowers for clearing arable land), 5 daggers with leaf-shaped blades and openwork handles, 4 celts and 1 bronze ingot.
Similar types of daggers were common in the Northern Black Sea region and the Caucasus in the Late Bronze Age and date back to the forms produced in the metallurgical centers of Transcaucasia and Iran (especially in Luristan). Things probably belonged to the leader of a tribal union or one of the tribes that lived in the steppes.
Lit .: Merpert N. Ya., On the Luristan elements in the hoard from Sosnovaya Maza, in the collection: Brief reports on reports and field studies of the Institute of Archeology of the USSR Academy of Sciences, c. 108, M., 1966.

RUSSIAN COINS IN THE TREASURES OF THE VOLGA REGION
Russian coins in the hoards of the middle Volga region of the XIV - the first half of the XV century.

Study of the connection between the Russian monetary circulation and the monetary circulation of neighboring regions in the 14th - 15th centuries. is quite important in the study of the entire complex of economic relations of this period. A special place, for obvious reasons, is occupied by the question of the relationship between the Russian and Tatar monetary systems.

For more than one hundred and fifty years, this problem has remained relevant for researchers of the history and culture of the principalities of Northern Russia and the Muscovite state. Analyzing the composition of the monetary circulation of the Golden Horde, P.S. Saveliev drew attention to the presence of Russian coins in the Volga region (Savelyev P.S., 1858). Quite sharply, this issue was raised in the works of A.V. Oreshnikov “Okulovsky Treasure of Russian Money” and I.I. Tolstoy “Money of the Grand Duke Dmitry Ivanovich Donskoy” (Oreshnikov A.V., 1908; Tolstoy I.I., 1910). In the 40-50s. 20th century this topic was addressed by G.B. Fedorov, I.G. Spassky, V.L. Yanin (Fedorov G.B., 1947; Spassky I.G., 1956; Yanin V.L., 1956). And at present, this issue remains one of the most relevant, as evidenced by the works of G.A. Fedorova-Davydova, A.M. Kolyzin and other researchers. However, the main topic that attracts the attention of archaeologists and numismatists is the assessment of the role of the influence of the Golden Horde monetary system in the process of resuming their own coinage by the Moscow, Ryazan and Suzdal-Nizhny Novgorod Grand Duchies in the XIV century (Fedorov-Davydov G.A., 1981, 1989; Kolyzin A.M., 1994, 1998; Kisterev S.N., 1998). The problem of circulation of coins of the Golden Horde on Russian territory is also being studied (Fedorov-Davydov G.A., 1960, 1963; 1981, etc.). The circulation of Russian coins in the Volga region in the first half of the 16th century was considered (Spassky I.G., 1954). At the same time, the participation of Russian coins in the monetary circulation of the Tatar lands of the XIV-XV centuries has not yet been the subject of a separate study, although almost every work on the history of monetary circulation or numismatics of this period touches on this topic to one degree or another. . In the process of creating a summary topography of Russian treasures of the XIV - the first half of the XVI century. it became possible to consider this issue in more detail, which is the subject of this article.

The upper chronological boundary of the period to which the studied treasures belong is the last quarter of the 14th century, that is, the beginning of their own coinage in the Russian principalities. The lower border is the middle of the 15th century. that is, the end of the reign of Vasily II and the moment of cessation of the receipt of Russian coins in the Volga region. The appendix contains a summary of information about the hoards originating from the area under consideration.

To date, at least 15 dated treasures of this period are known, found in the Volga region and containing Russian coins (in this case, Horde coins with Ryazan countermarks should also be considered Russian).

More precise information about the clades is given in the Appendix, and Table 1 presents the main data necessary for the analysis of their composition. The finds from the Volga region are characterized by the following features.

First, an extremely small percentage of Russian coins. It ranges from 0.01% (Karatun, 1986, No. 3) to 4.20% (Rybushka, 1915, No. 2) and only in the huge Svetin treasure of 1936 (No. 8) is 13.36% of the total.

Secondly, the size of the treasures is very large. Only one of them, the southernmost one, contains less than 500 coins (Rybushka, No. 2), while the number of coins in the remaining ten ranges from 556 (Nimich-Kasy, No. 11) to almost 9,000 pieces (Svetino, No. 8)*. For comparison, in the rest of the territory, where at that time coins of Russian principalities were found in hoards, only eight hoards containing more than 500 coins were found.

The third thing to note is that the region under consideration is the place of the highest concentration of Golden Horde treasures of the late XIV - early XV centuries.

Table 1. First period. Treasures of the Volga region of the late XIV - first half of the XV century. with Russian coins.

According to G.A. Fedorov-Davydov, more than 40 hoards containing exclusively Jochid coins were discovered here, hidden in the period from 1380 to 1440s. Of the 24 hoards, which do not contain Russian coins and whose sizes are precisely known, only 7 contain more than 500 coins (Fedorov-Davydov G.A., 1960; Fedorov-Davydov G.A., 1963; Fedorov-Davydov G.A. , 1974). The following regularity is evident: in small hoards, which at that time most accurately reflect the composition of the real monetary circulation of a certain territory and which prevail in quantitative terms, there are no Russian coins, and if we consider large hoards, then Russian coins are present in two-thirds of such finds.

Based on the above data, it should be concluded that, despite the apparent abundance of treasures containing Russian coins in the Volga region, the penetration of coins of Russian principalities into the monetary circulation of the Golden Horde throughout the period under review was very insignificant and they practically did not play a role in the local money circulation, appearing in hoards only as part of large savings. The great importance for the Russian principalities of the Volga route was repeatedly noted (Mets N.D., 1974, p. 55, etc.). The question arises about the ownership of these treasures. One of the most probable categories of their owners can be called the merchants, who conduct trading operations not only in the local, but also in the western - Russian - market (this assumption is especially convincing for the Svetinsky treasure). An indirect confirmation of this is the fact that almost all large treasures of the Volga region with Russian coins were found on the banks of the rivers of the Volga basin, which were natural transport and trade routes.

In addition, the treasure material vividly illustrates the political crisis and the decline of the Golden Horde; as a result, a significant decline in the intensity of trade relations between the Russian principalities and the Volga region. In the middle Volga region, only three treasures are known, consisting of Russian and Tatar silver coins, which can be dated to the thirties - early forties of the XV century (Treasures No. 12, 13, 14).

The facts of the political history of the Volga region can serve as an explanation for this: after Timur’s campaign against the Volga and the defeat of the largest cities of the Golden Horde, after the loss of real political power by Tokhtamysh, a constant struggle continued between relatively weak contenders for supreme power in the Horde. At the same time, none of the warring parties was able to achieve even such an ephemeral unity of their lands, which was under Tokhtamysh. (See, for example: Grekov B.D., Yakubovsky A.Yu., 1998, pp. 249-312, etc.). In economic life, this state of affairs meant continuing and ever-increasing instability. The decline of cities led to the cessation of minting and circulation of their own coins already in the second quarter of the 15th century (Fedorov-Davydov G.A., 1960, p. 129; 1994, p. 209, 210). and, most importantly for the present work, led to a rupture or a sharp reduction in trade ties with the Russian principalities. Hoards containing Russian coins and related to the period of the second half of the forties - mid-seventies of the XV century are unknown in this region.

In the second half of the XV century. Major changes are taking place in the political and economic life of Eastern Europe. The unification of the Russian lands under Ivan III entailed - this is clearly shown by the pantry material - the development of trade relations of the Muscovite state, both internal and external. At this time, Russian coins reappear in the middle Volga region. However, the composition of the hoards, and the area of ​​their distribution, and, probably, the social affiliation of their owners, are strikingly different from the previous period. Therefore, to consider together all the treasures of the Volga region of the XIV - the first third of the XVI century. is possible only against the background of the general picture of clade formation in the Russian lands. In the present work, such a goal is not set, although its relevance cannot be questioned.

TREASURES OF THE VILLAGE LOCH

Residents of the old Saratov village with the funny name Lokh are waiting for big changes. The authorities decided to turn the village into a new tourist center. In their opinion, this will bring money and give impetus to the development of the settlement. However, not all Lokhovites are delighted with such a prospect.

The village of Lokh is almost older than the regional center. Therefore, it is not surprising that there are more than enough sights here. However, the name of the settlement itself is much more interesting. Local residents, having heard “lohi” addressed to them, are not at all embarrassed, but even proud. And when they are called suckers, they correctly correct them: we are Lokhovites.

A person who knows the history of his village and loves his small homeland will not be embarrassed by its name. And the history of our village goes back centuries, to the times of Ivan the Terrible. Then the village was called Kudeyarovka, and the villagers were called Kudeyarovtsy.

The robber and his family lived in a cave among the treasures obtained during the raids. And opposite Kudeyarova Gora is another mountain - Karaulnaya. An underground passage allegedly led to this mountain from Kudeyar to three underground storerooms - for gold, silver and precious horse harness. The people who heard about Kudeyar called this place Kudeyar Log - the robber's lair. His name soon became legendary, and the sonorous “r” softened over time, and the village began to be called Lokh.

The village is conveniently located on a small river, surrounded on all sides by its forest hills, among which is the famous Kudeyarova Gora. According to one version, the mountain is named after the robber Kudeyar, a contemporary of Ivan the Terrible.

Mountains and caves overgrown with legends, a spring with the purest water, an old mill, a dilapidated temple in the name of the Archangel Michael, which keeps a two-century-old painting - all this and much more attracts tourists.

As the locals say, treasures were indeed found near the village. At one of the sites, one of the residents dug up several buckets of coins. True, the money was not gold, but copper. Such a find could hardly raise the standard of living in a village with a population of a thousand people.

Therefore, the leadership of Loch undertook to actively develop tourism. This, in turn, will contribute to the development of the village itself. And such work is already underway. Lokh is already included in the top 10 tourist routes of the Saratov region.

In the meantime, Saratov residents, without waiting for the development of tourism infrastructure, often visit legendary places by car. Everyone has a different opinion on what they see. Some agree with the authorities and believe that it is necessary to develop the village and attract tourists. Others hold a different point of view: the pilgrimage of visitors, on the contrary, will lead to environmental degradation and violate the pristine nature of the village.

At the same time, both villagers and tourists are united by the belief that the village should live. And the unusual name will become a kind of highlight that will interest many. And then, the villagers are sure, everyone will know that Lokh is not only a genus of trees, shrubs, a curse and a species of salmon, but also a village rich in its history in the Novoburassky district of the Saratov region.

SORRED TREASURES
Do not get the treasure to anyone else, but only to me and my house, my son, my daughter or my grandchildren. In ancient times, when banks had not yet been invented, people could not securely store money, especially receiving interest for safety. Time has always been turbulent, starting from the attacks of the Turks and Tatars of the conquerors, and the popular rebels took away the money earned with blood and sweat.
So, dodgy people hid their capital in various hiding places, in the basements and walls of their own houses, or buried treasures in forests and caves. In order not to forget over time about finding their valuables, people had to draw maps indicating the place. Everything was drawn on the cards that would subsequently help the owner find his belongings. But, for various reasons, the owners of the treasure did not have time to get their valuables from the cache. Time passed, all the buildings collapsed over time, the streets were redevelopment, the trees disappeared, the fields were plowed up. Everything went on as usual, because life and progress do not stand still. But, in ancient times, people cast very terrible spells on those who dare to cut down trees or break down dwellings.
Such spells have great deadly power on those who do not acquire, do not build, but destroy and rob, using other people's labor. When burying a treasure, they always tried to cast a spell on it, regardless of whether the treasure was in the ground or in the wall of a building. The spells were about the following story: - “Do not get the treasure to anyone else, but only to me and my house, my son, my daughter or my grandchildren.” When casting spells, they prayed very sincerely, and sometimes even made a sacrifice. The victim usually turned out to be a lamb killed at the place of burial of valuables; according to pagan beliefs, the spirit of the killed animal will reliably protect the treasure from strangers.
The cursed treasures are securely hidden from people. That's why it's not easy to find the treasure. After all, how many treasures were found on the cards left, but all these treasures were guarded by spells that had a detrimental effect on the finder. As a rule, treasure hunters do not know the right prayer that would protect them from the spell and, using the treasure, they doom not only themselves, but also their family, to huge troubles. It is especially dangerous to take cult things belonging to churches, these can be icons, crosses and various church accessories, including money. As the legends say, then a person will not live even a year, will lose his mind, and if he does not repent and give everything found to the temple, then death awaits him. In this case, it is believed that the Lord himself punishes the offender and his family up to the seventh generation. Therefore, it is considered dangerous to deliberately look for a treasure for the purpose of enrichment. Church treasures can be dangerous
But if you find a treasure by accident, in order to avert trouble from yourself, you should give it to the temple, where they will pray for its owner and finder, or distribute wealth to all those in need, give it to a public building.
Or the treasure can be transferred to the museum, then it will become public, and nothing will threaten your safety. For this you will receive honor and glory, and the spell will bypass. How to search for treasures? Near Kamenets, a treasure was found in 1960, which turned out to be not cursed. But, in this area, legends about the sworn treasures of the Podolsk rebels persistently circulate. No matter how many people are looking for them, they cannot be found because they are cursed.
According to popular beliefs, treasures can hold a spell for a certain time. And when the time comes, the treasures themselves open to people. In addition, the caster can even stipulate who exactly will find the treasure. Indeed, according to the legends, the Ukrainian Cossacks put spells on their treasures, so that the treasure would be found by the person who would spend the money on the well-being of the people, to build their happiness and well-being. And since no one has yet found the Cossack belongings, it means that they are still waiting for the right person.

Legends about the treasures of Stenka Razin - Peskovatka.
Legends passed from mouth to mouth indicate that the largest treasure of Stenka Razin rests in a mound near the village of Peskovatka, Gorodishchensky district. Legends say that shortly before his own execution, Razin sailed to Peskovatka on a plow loaded to the top with treasures, gold and silver. When the tide came out, he, together with his friends, covered the plow with earth and, for the mark, planted a willow on the created mound. But then the dashing ataman and his accomplices did not know that they did not have long to live and there would be no one to go after the treasure. Before his death, the ataman was tortured, but he did not reveal the place where he hid the treasure.
Many years have passed since then, and every willing person comes to Peskovatka in the hope of finding the treasured willow, pointing to treasures. Where the treasures of Stepan Razin are hidden. Even during his lifetime, Razin was considered by many to be a sorcerer, our contemporaries argue that after death, his ghost walks in places of former "glory" and guards hidden treasures, greatly frightening hunters for the ataman's treasure. The "Shatrashansky" treasure is attributed to the Razin treasures left in the Volga region.
Legends say that the king of the Don robbers buried the treasure in the village of Shatrashany. It was rumored that after the death of Stenka, his ghost almost scared one of the Volga barge haulers to death in the place where the Shatrashansky treasures were supposedly hidden. Judging by the legends, Razin tended to hide the looted valuables in mounds, hills and others. So, everyone knows that the dashing ataman had one habit of hiding pots filled with gold and other valuables in the hills of the right bank of the Volga. According to rumors, the entire Volga coast is teeming with such treasures, from Astrakhan to the Samara and Saratov regions. An ancient map of the Saratov region The most famous treasure is buried in a mound located near the village of Bannovki, Saratov region. It is interesting that the place of hiding the treasure is located between the village of Zolote and the mouth of the river Bolshoy Eruslan.
It was said that the name of this village was not given by chance. In all these cases, Razin's logic is quite understandable. After all, the robbers often ran into trouble, and the valuables hidden by the ataman in the coastal hillocks helped the Razin bandits survive in the bad moments of their lives. No one can give an exact answer how many gold "stash" rest in the Volga hills. In Volgograd itself, not far from the Tsaritsyno Church of the Holy Trinity, in 1914 there was a failure of the earth, coffins and several skeletons were found in it. It turned out that the collapse happened at the beginning of the underground passage leading the bandits Razin to the city pier. It was there that the valuables stolen from local merchants were unloaded. But no one managed to go through the underground passage, as the earth continued to collapse, and no one wanted to risk their lives. Treasures of Stepan Razin - a mystery for the treasure hunter.
Until now, treasure hunters are haunted by the gorge, located ten kilometers from the former Danolovka, called "Stenka Prison". Located just above Kamyshin, Urakov hillock and Stenkin cliff. According to legend, these places hide most of the treasures stolen from the royal nobles and caught by robbers.
It is under Kamyshin that a diamond of incredible size and beauty is hidden, which Razin captured during the Persian campaign.

TREASURES ON THE GREAT RUSSIAN RIVER - VOLGA
The Volga River, as one of the most important transport routes in Russia, could not help but attract the attention of treasure hunters. And there is something. Large material values ​​also moved along the artery, which was so attractive for cargo carriers. And numerous robbers hunted for the valuables of merchants, merchants and state officials, some of whom hunted there for many years. So what kind of treasure can be found moving along the endless banks of the Volga?
Here is what Leonid Serebryakov, a great connoisseur of these places, a lover of antiquity and a professional treasure hunter, writes on this topic: “After decades, painstaking work, which was based on random finds and local history literature, a unique concept of treasures of the Middle Volga region was developed. All buried treasures were conditionally divided into domestic, robber, military, cultural and historical. Let's first understand how and why hoards arise.
Treasure is usually considered to be a set of different items, united by a single sign - the place of burial. It can be expressed in jewelry, household items, weapons, money and works of art. The Volga region is very “fruitful* for treasures, as it has experienced enough “troubled times” that contributed to the formation of treasures. In the border and "free" regions of the past, which was the region of the Middle Volga region, people generally lived "on suitcases" from time immemorial. Here the treasures had a somewhat unusual appearance. They were called funny - "banks". The latter were built multi-tiered - up to ten levels. As a rule, the lowest of them kept the greatest values, which were considered reserves for a rainy day or the state of children, grandchildren, relatives. The remaining tiers, the closer to the surface, contained less valuables. The top ones played the role of distracting, masking and “times. change." The owner often ran his hand into the upper tier for small things. He will take a little, and when he earns, he will return] “credit”. Such "banks" allowed their creators to survive troubled times with minimal losses. Imagine, dashing little people will swoop in, change their faces, and ... the "banker" opens one or two tiers of the "bank". Depending on how they wear out, the basic values, like the life of the bank creator, remained preserved.
When creating such “banks”, the organizers left various marks that help to find the hidden, but do not say anything to strangers. Remember the famous pirates who, moments before their execution, threw a map covered with mysterious signs into the crowd of onlookers and the words: “If you managed to catch me, be able to find my treasures1.” What is it. beautiful legends? As you know, any fairy tale has a real basis ...
Now let's see what treasures are found in the Middle Volga region? Treasures have been found on the Middle Volga more than once. Let's talk about the big ones first. In Ulyanovsk, in the mid-seventies of the 20th century, the boys, sorting through old things in the attic, stumbled upon a box full of ancient eagles, gold coins, diamonds and expensive jewelry. Who owned and who kept such great valuables among the old things in the attic remained forever a mystery. What was found was dissolved in the bottomless "bins of the motherland", the house was demolished, and the building of the hospital of the Ministry of Internal Affairs was built on the vacant site.
Around the same time, a treasure was found during the construction of the Flight Training School. In this case, the worker tried to trim the edge of the trench with a shovel, knocked ... and gold coins flowed out to his feet in a stream. Another treasure within the city limits was found in the area of ​​Karamzin's garden. These are big finds. Small ones, as a rule, are found during field work, fishing or picnicking, mainly in areas freed from water. In the early 70s, fishermen found a large clay pot with royal gold coins and silver coins right on the shore in Staromainsky Bay in the early 70s.
The Golovinsky shallows are recognized as the most treasure-bearing place near the city; treasures have been found there more than once. I would like to note that in the cases mentioned above, copper “Catherine’s nickels” prevailed in the burials. In the Samara region, Samarskaya Luka is recognized as a “treasury”, where treasures have been found repeatedly. The latter was found during excavations of an ancient settlement near the village of Brusyany in August 1996 by an archaeological expedition of the regional fund for social and cultural programs. During 40 days of work, archaeologists unearthed 5 early Bulgarian mounds of the 7th-8th centuries AD, examined 13 burials. Unfortunately, as it turned out, all of them were robbed hundreds of years ago, but... In addition to jugs, pots, stirrups, iron arrowheads and pikes, jewelry, bronze bracelets, rings, silver buckles were also found. As well as gold items: buttons, three “rosettes” and foil, most likely dropped or thrown by robbers, as having no special value. Judging by the forgotten gold items, the robbers were much more fortunate than the archaeologists. This has not been found before in the Samara region.
Last summer, in the Saratov region, employees of the local FSB detained two US citizens and one Russian citizen who were looking for treasures using a special device. As vigilant guards found out, internationalist treasure hunters found and unearthed several graves belonging to the ancient Bulgarian culture. What was found was confiscated, and, according to experts, the finds were only of historical value. Was it really worth flying across the ocean and getting to the Volga, dragging an expensive device for the sake of a few copper and silver coins?

I suppose that foreigners were seized by the excitement of treasure hunting, following the example of some Russians. But they are more likely to get sick with treasure hunting in those regions where people have not received a salary for several years. Preference in the search for treasures is usually given to the banks of rivers, streams and ponds, which are linked to historical and folklore events of antiquity or some kind of historical hangouts. What treasures can still be found in the Middle Volga region? The question is natural, and here are directions for further research. On May 31, 1223, not far from the coast of the Sea of ​​Azov, having defeated the Russian troops on the Kalka River, the Mongol Tumens turned to the northeast and invaded the Volga Bulgaria. Weakened by the losses incurred in pro. In past battles, the Mongol army managed to destroy only the ancient city of Suvari and, having been defeated in the battle of Bilyars. receded. However, in the fall of 1236, Batu's huge army literally fell upon the ancient state of the middle Volga. The Mongols ravaged and burned many cities and villages of ancient Bul. gharia, exterminating a lot of civilians. According to the burials and the remains of the settlements of ancient Bulgaria found to date, one can judge the high level of culture of the once-deceased state and its wealth. After all, it was located at the intersection of ancient trade routes. The remains of Bulgar settlements are found in almost any Middle Volga region: Tatarstan, Samara. Saratov or Ulyanovsk regions.
In the Ulyanovsk region, according to historical chronicles, in the Sengileevsky district, one can notice the remains of a Bulgar settlement of an urban type, presumably "early" - the capital of the ancient khanate. Who knows what keeps the lands of the ancient capital of the once mighty and rich state?
Let's talk about "household" treasures. The creation of the latter, oddly enough, was more often done by representatives of the beautiful half of the population - women. Probably, while the men were digging the land and fighting, weak women were engaged in the creation of yupelire delights. On long winter evenings, women weaved models of future brooches, rings, diadems, monists, kolts, forehead rings from cut cords and threads. Then the models were covered with clay. When the mold dried, the wax was burned out and molten metal was poured into its place. Jewelry work was not limited to casting. The most beautiful decorations were made using a similar technology, as if woven from the finest wires, and their cost at that time was significant. Having reached an exceptional flourishing, it was only in the 11th century that bronze and silver casting passed to men, who came up with the idea of ​​casting jewelry in special stone molds and complicating it with chased and engraved patterns.
In the Middle Volga region, as it turned out, there are many jewelry workshops. The decorations made in them were by no means homogeneous and primarily reflected tribal differences. How and where did the craftswomen hide their crafts and what did their treasures look like? The burial vil was unusual: little girls tend to organize "secrets" in the ground - small pits with multi-colored paper candy wrappers and other shiny objects, covered with pieces of glass. This "secret" looks unusually beautiful. The ancient craftswomen acted similarly, but... the burials were distinguished by their special secrecy - on the day of the protection of the main treasure, “false” distractions were created around them, distracting attention and leading away from the main burial. You can't refuse the ladies' resourcefulness, both in the production of jewelry and in hiding the latter.
...Byzantine silver of the 6th century discovered on the tributaries of the Volga in Prsdurals. in particular, temple utensils were hardly traded. It must be assumed that they got there as a fighting booty of the Slavic squads.
Here, too, the Hermitage houses one of the best collections of Byzantine cultural monuments, recognized throughout the world. Dishes, ladles, bowls, ornate crosses. Including a true masterpiece - a dish of the 4th century with a figure of a shepherd perfectly inscribed in a circle, thoughtfully sitting on a ledge of a rock. The ancient master managed to harmoniously appease the ideal of ancient beauty with new motives. But this dish was found near the city of Solikamsk in the Perm region in one of the treasures. Sometimes the owner of an ancient find is unaware of its value...
In one of the villages of the Middle Volga, I was lucky to find a silver Byzantine ladle, which served as a feeder for chickens, with an ancient old woman. The woman never remembered where she got it from. Now it's time for the print to talk about robber treasures. In ancient times, several trade routes ran through the middle Volga - the east connected with the west. The first mention of trading nougat along the Volga dates back to the end of the 8th - beginning of the 9th century. The Eastern trade route passed along the Lower Volga, the axis of which was the Volga and Don rivers, past the capital of the Khazars, the city of Itil, located at the mouth of the Volga in the Caspian Sea, and to the countries of the East. To the north of the Volzhsk-Don route, roads ran from the state of the Bulgars, located on the Middle Volga, through the Voronezh forests to Kyiv and up the Volga. And also through Northern Russia to the Baltic regions.
From here to the south, to the Don and the Sea of ​​\u200b\u200bAzov, the Muravskaya road, named so later, led. Merchants from the north, from the Vyatichi forests, and those who moved north from the countries of the East walked along it. It can be assumed that in the old days there were enough gangs and gangs on the Volga. Probably, in the pursuit of prey, there were also “showdowns” among the robbers, which served as a reason to hide the loot from fellow competitors.
The folklore that has survived to this day keeps legends about "heroes" who even attempted on the Horde tributaries. Probably, in ancient times, settlements were built along the route of caravans, intended for the rest of caravaners, they were centers for the collection of tribute, ensured the safety of caravans. I admit the existence in such settlements of an underground network of gunners of robbers who track merchant caravans and determine the time and place of attacks. In addition to the gunners, there were probably those who hid the stolen goods and sent them further to the places of sale. We will not talk about the treasures of “going people *, citizens and leaders of the Volga Freemen and the heroes of Russian history: Yermak, Mustache, Stepan Razin and Emelyapa Putachev, since this is a separate, rather large topic. How to look for treasures?
The earth is like a living being. If you get a splinter in your finger, be sure that over time it will come out on its own. A similar thing happens with treasures. It happens that burials are dug up by pigs or villagers find them during field work. The treasure hunter should remember the main rule: the field season begins after the snow melts and ends with the first frosts. It is best to look for treasures on the banks of streams, rivers, steep slopes and ravines; Before the expedition, you should study archival documents, get acquainted with local folklore and ... find a treasure in your own head - in other words, “calculate”.
Let me give you an example of this situation. Based on the legends and myths of Ancient Greece, the largest German businessman and archaeologist of the second half of the 19th century, Heinrich Schliemann, found Troy! Use your intuition and the subconscious: Many of the greatest scientific discoveries first occurred in the subconscious - Russian scientist Dmitry Mendeleev came up with the "Periodic Table of Chemical Elements" in a dream.
When you find a treasure, along with victorious exaltation, there is a feeling of imminent changes in life: as if you should be deprived of something, something taken away. Perhaps luck in life will be lost, for others, because of the treasure, health or life itself. True, it is not customary to talk or write about such things. Remember the immutable rule: treasure should not be the goal of your life! Over the years of treasure hunting, I have deduced another immutable rule: for luck to come, you need ... bad luck. I made this discovery when I found my first treasures on the ruins of the ancient capital of the Bulgar kingdom, but I will not get ahead of myself, the story of the expedition is ahead.
In the recent past, people, having found a deposit, reburied it because of the fear of reprisals from the "native" state. (Check out the criminal code and the statistics of the detained treasure hunters of the past.) I'll tell you an incident that happened several years ago. The man found a box with old Soviet coins and jokingly mentioned that he had found a big treasure. After some time, he was summoned to the "authorities" and demanded to return what was appropriated. When the “treasure hunter” repented that he had found Soviet money, they did not believe him. Hardly the man got out.
True, now times have changed, now the one who finds the treasure and manages to prove "no one's worth" receives it as his property. Maybe there was some revival among the treasure hunters. The places where treasures were once found are being re-examined, and the smaller the previous finds were, the higher the likelihood of finding “real treasures”.
Another friend of mine, Vasily N, having read in one of the magazines about foreign treasure-hunting firms, decided to approach "professionally" and put treasure hunting on stream. For quick and successful searches, I purchased a treasure hunter for an astronomical sum of "green" coins. It was called "Fischer" and was a hybrid of a mine detector with a computer. The device showed on a tiny screen not only what was found in the ground, but also “evaluated” the find and determined the cost in the courses of various banknotes.
Having tested the device in the garden and found a few crooked nails and a rusted bearing, N. suggested that I go with him for real treasures. The Volga island was identified as the place of research, where copper "Catherine's" nickels were repeatedly found.
By the end of the first hour of the search, the device announced the find with a loud “give” and showed on the display screen a stack of gold coins at a depth of about a meter. Having scattered the sand in the blink of an eye, the “diggers” found a stack of corks from locally produced beer bottles in a shallow hole. Corks "Fischer" mistook for silver. The rusty piece of iron from the outboard motor, as if mocking, he called ... an ingot of platinum! In the end, Vasily had to part with an expensive foreign "assistant".
For several years in a row I have been visiting the ruins of the capital of the once mighty Bulgar kingdom, using not expensive devices to search for ancient treasures, but special methods that have never failed me and helped me find quite rare things. I am convinced that it is best to look for treasures at dawn, preferably after a rainy day.
Mysticism has nothing to do with it: rain erodes the earth, and it gives away the “foreign” faster. ;..The 13th century brought innumerable disasters to the peoples of the Middle Volga. Civilizations perished under the hooves of the Mongol horses, one of them is the ancient state of Volga Bulgaria.
Out of curiosity, having bought a handbook “Essays on the History and Culture of the Bulgar Khanate” published in Kazan in a meager edition, in the early 1990s I became interested in the place where the capital of the ancient state was located in the 13th century. Before leaving, I thoroughly studied the reference books and got acquainted with the modern reconstruction of the city. I arrived at the place and found out that every year with the advent of heat, the field archaeological season begins. It does not last long - a month and a half; Finances are to blame, or rather, the lack thereof.
After wandering through the excavations and talking with archaeologists, I found out that the ravine located behind the excavation site existed in the 13th century. Close to it adjoined the city market. He admitted that during the storming of the city by the troops of Batu in the autumn of 1236, the market worked - merchants sold their goods to the last - do not leave the invaders! For seven centuries, the ravine has grown and swallowed up part of the market rows. He suggested that the merchants hid the money and other valuables they had bargained for in a ravine. Subsequent raids confirmed the hypothesis, but I found there not only coins ...
Once armed with a shovel, I decided to check the cultural layer. He turned out a clod of earth, then a second, a third, and, ..., was amazed: burnt human bones came across. And together with the bones of adults and small ones - children's! It seems that the inhabitants of the city, young and old, were herded into a ravine, surrounded by firewood and set on fire. It's terrible, the population of the whole city was destroyed in such a barbaric way!
At the bottom of the ravine, I also found a strange vessel, which could be an incendiary throwing projectile of the Middle Ages, which caused the death of unfortunate people. I will describe it: a copper, at a glance, one and a half liter bottle, into which oil was poured, then the wick was set on fire, and the projectile became ready for use. In that ravine he found not only coins of ancient Bulgaria, but also of other countries. Iranian drachmas, coins of the Parvan kingdom, Central Asian tangas... As my finds show, Russians also lived here. Because among the bones I found a lot of wearable copper and silver crosses and icons ... Here I also found the first coin.
From the first trip I brought a bunch of dirty coins - 12 in number. Looking through the numismatic catalogs, I found out that each one "pulls" 200 US dollars!
Two of them are even more expensive! Just a few hours of work. It was worth driving and digging in the dirt! In order to find coins faster, without resorting to excavations, he developed special exercises for training vision. The result of the preparation was not slow to affect: after arguing with one comrade, in fifteen minutes I found 18 coins! During the excavations in Bolgari, the archaeologists treated me like a colleague. Why chase me? I don’t break laws, I don’t pick the ground, I don’t visit excavations. Scientists noted that with my unique abilities, I found more old coins in one trip than th>! they are all together for the entire field season.
In order to find coins, you need not only trained eyesight, but also luck. In order for fortune to pay attention to you, you should “make sacrifices” - at first you should be unlucky for a long time. I proceed from the concept: there is only one success, but many failures. I made the next major find in one of the small, unremarkable towns in the Volga region in the fall of 1993. I will not dare to name the real names of the heroes of what happened for fear of attracting the close attention of the tax authorities or figures of criminal structures.
And here's what happened. A good friend of mine, a rural teacher, I will call him Ivanov, knowing about my passion for antiquity, told< что одна бабушка, вскапывая весной свой огород, нашла глиняную крынку с медными монетами конца XVIII века. Клад весил около 17 кг. Мешали дела, и поехать на место я смог лишь по прошествии нескольких месяцев. Да и додумаешь, великое дело — крынка медных монет! Но Иванов настаивал и в конце концов убедил меня поехать. Приехав в городок, прошли в частный сектор. Во дворе одного из домов нас встретила разбитая старческим артритом сгорбленная старушка лет семидесяти пяти. Создавалось впечатление, ударь гром или обрушься ливень с градом, согбенная бабка отдаст Богу душу прямо на глазах.
Ivanov introduced me to the old woman and asked me to show the find. She led us into the house and showed us potsherds and 411 minted coins from 1757 to 1802. Convinced that the coins were only of antique value, I negotiated a price with her and paid. Then he began to ask how and where she found her treasure. The old woman led us to the edge of the garden and showed us a depression in the ground. Strange, but I immediately had certain suspicions. Looking around, I asked when her house was built and who lived in it before. The old woman said that the house of a church servant used to stand here, but it burned down and the collective farm built a house for her on its foundation. I was interested in the message about the ancient foundation. After all, something could be stored in it! Started to think.
Inexorable circumstances forced people to entrust money to the earth. Always those who buried the treasure expected to return later and get the hidden. For greater security, the valuables were divided into several parts and hidden in different places - like a labyrinth was built. Less valuable, closer to the surface, more valuable - deeper. The first - distracting treasures can be found by chance, when digging up the earth. It turned out that granny could only find a security treasure! So the "chief" could be hiding nearby. Trying it on this way and that, I wondered: where could it be hidden?
The most common school subject is geometry. The main elements of this science are figures: triangle, circle, square. People most often think the same way, “straightforward”, because they studied simple geometry at school, Euclid, and not Lobachevsky. Started with a triangle. The old foundation is one point, the place where the krinka was - the second, but where is the third? The third ran into the edge of the garden. Pointing my finger at the "calculated" place, I asked what had been there before.
“An elderberry bush grew,” answered the mistress of the house, “only it was cut down a long time ago. To test my hypothesis, I asked to bring a pitchfork and stuck them into the ground with all my might. And from there there was a ringing * like a bell! The incredible happened.
Soon, a large ceramic cauldron covered with a cast-iron skillet appeared from the ground. It also contained copper coins, but in a much larger number and weight (up to 75 kg). At home, I laundered the coins and found out their value. It turned out that even copper coins cost from 100 to 470 dollars. And the total amount of the ancient treasure turned out to be quite large. But it is possible that we never found the most expensive treasure. The old woman soon died, and the new tenants, most likely, do not even suspect that a real treasure may lie under their feet.
Treasure-hunting stories are sometimes full of not so much mystery and drama as humor. Somehow one of my friends went to the “shabashka”. The matter is understandable. If they do not pay at the main place of work, then you have to look for earnings on your own. So my Nikolay worked as a member of a brigade in the village of Ledyashkino, Staromainesky district: the management of the economy needed to move the house to a new location. My friend got to dig a hole for the foundation. At some point, his shovel hit something massive. When they dug up the find and began to clean it from the ground, something yellow flashed dully from under the layer of clay.
- Gold! excavators got excited. "Now let's live!" H6 when greenish spots of oxide appeared, it became clear that they had found an ingot of ordinary brass. They took it to the store and weighed it on a scale. The ingot was pulled by 12.5 kg. The people, attracted by the unusual incident, reached out to the counter. Everyone was interested to know if visiting hard workers found gold? And when one of the old women remembered that a local rich man lived in the place where they dug a hole, then a little excitement began in general. The news of the discovery also reached the local authorities. The authorities were alarmed and even ordered the ingot to be sent for examination. Experts confirmed that it was indeed brass, but passions did not subside. I had to urgently complete the work and leave with my unfortunate find.
Why don't I throw away the ingot? Nikolai asked. - Ok I will tell. You see, brass comes into production in standard bars and ingots. The found ingot is clearly non-standard, someone specially cast it. The question is, for what? Why did someone need to cast rounds from bars? The longer I thought about it, the more my confidence grew - the ingot was hiding something inside.
I suffered for a long time until I read somewhere that in ancient times great values ​​were hidden in metal ingots. They were laid in an iron or clay case and filled with metal. The melting point of steel is higher than that of brass, and nothing has been done to the valuables. In appearance, such a pie did not represent much value, but in fact it was a safe! You can “open” it only by sawing the upper shell or melting it.
Of course, there was some truth in the words of the owner of the ingot. In ancient times, there was an unusual way of storing valuables in treasures. Moreover, visual inspection did not lead to positive results. This is what the robbers of antiquity did... Valuables intended to be hidden were kneaded into clay. They made a puppet. After drying, it was filled with copper, bronze or lead. It turned out an ingot, which could be opened only by sawing it with a hacksaw. But that's not all. Outside, the ingot was again coated with a thick layer of clay and burned on fire. This work of "robber art" could be safely thrown on the road or buried in the ground - a home-made "safe" practically did not differ from a simple cobblestone.
What can be added in conclusion? Approximately three years ago, two Ulyanovsk residents, on the banks of one of the Volga reaches, found a clay pot with copper coins - presumably from Catherine's time. They shifted the found good into a fishing bucket and brought one of them to the garage. Then the coins were distributed to everyone who wished. When the rumors reached me and I arrived and asked to see the find, the owner of the garage said: “Oh, everything was taken apart, now not a single coin is left.”
This is how we sometimes treat treasures. If these fisherwomen knew that each such coin is estimated according to the catalog from 100 to 570 dollars, the blow would be enough for both. The described case once again confirms: there are treasures in the land of the Middle Volga - you just need to look for them. These are the advice and wishes for the next generations of the famous top-man Leonid Serebryakov.

Glossary of treasure hunting terms
Piper terminology:

Find - all that is raised with the help of MD.
Habor - useful, interesting, identifiable finds.
Shmurdyak are useless, uninteresting, unidentifiable finds.
Konyashka - A newly found coin on the reverse of which there is an image of the horseman G.p.
Lisa, Katya, Pavel, Alexander 1-2, Anna, Nicholas 1-2- - coins corresponding to these rulers (Nikolashka - only Nicholas-2)
Zakapushki, Pokapushki - the presence of pits when examining new places, i.e. You are ahead of the curve.
Aborigines are the original population of the area.
Interrogate the native. - Find out something interesting from the locals.
Interrogate with passion - The same thing only with a bubble.
Sukhodrishevka - a village or a place poor in finds
Tambourine, bagel - search coil
Lunar landscape - not buried pits
Furry finds are good finds.
Douglas, challenger, drypopel, trough - the transport we drive
Gang of trolls-drunk diggers
Ancient - archeology
Skhodnyak-gathering (sometimes different and even bath)
Fiskar - shovel "fiskars"
Stick-device-MD (any)
Kacaliki - irretrievably damaged coins
"Pigworms" - radishes that dig like pigs
Language - a local resident (aboriginal), usually a shepherd (sheep herd) or a local aksakal, who can lead (tell) to the right place with his tongue
Tired coin - a coin with fairly worn (precisely erased) traces of minting
Mow, wave - description of the process of scanning the surface of the earth MD
Wallet - from 5 to 15 coins from one hole
Arch-legalized black diggers!!!
Ahrenologists are fucking arches
Horse meat - detail of horse harness
Seeds, scales - silver coins of pre-Petrine times
Zhorik - a coin depicting George the Victorious.
Lounger - cemetery
"Jerk out a coin" - find a coin in a crossed place
Hole - a hole in the ground

Billon - a coin made of low-grade silver.
Knocked out place - a place to search often visited by diggers, as a rule
has a lunar landscape due to unburied pits.
The report is a regularly replenished treasure. An analogue of a modern bank account. For example, the owner of a tavern located on the outskirts of a village or far from it could quite rightly fear robbers or a fire and kept the cash register in the ground, reporting new revenue after each working day. And at the end of the month he went to the city for goods or saved valuables until the annual fair. In such treasures we can find coins of different periods, different emperors.
Domongol (pre-Mongolian) - items that were in circulation in the pre-Mongol period of our history.
Pawn - a kind of treasure. According to custom, for luck, coins were laid in one of the corners of the house under the lower crown or in the foundation during construction. If there were no coins, then they could just put bread. The richer the owner of the house was, the more valuable the coins were, they could lay them in all four corners of the building.
The earthen grandfather is a mythical assistant to the treasure hunter, who definitely needs to pour a drink when he arrives at the place. Some also read a special conspiracy at the same time ...
Kapustnik - a coin of 2 kopecks of 1810-1830.
Katin pyatak - a coin worth 5 kopecks during the reign of Catherine II.
Treasure - a number of valuable things (old coins, dishes, jewelry, household items, etc.), which were once deliberately buried in the ground or hidden in another place (oven, wall, window sill, etc.) in order to preserve them for a long time. term.
Kopar, Digger - a person engaged in instrumental search.
Leaf (petal) - pectoral cross in shape resembling a leaf, the most common of the crosses.
Masonic eagle, a freemason is a coin depicting an eagle with wings down.
Garden (gardens) - fields located outside the territory of the settlement directly adjacent to the "gardens" of villagers and summer residents. "Walk in the gardens" - to search in close proximity to private areas.
Thugs are diggers who continue to go out of habit to dig even in winter, gouging out finds from the frozen ground with an ax or a fishing pick. They are snowdrops.
Poskotina is a place near the village where cows eat grass up to a height of 5 cm, which makes it easier to dig.
Lost is a lost old coin.
PC - a field of miracles. The place is extremely rich in finds, knocked out for many years and continues to give finds.
Bee - a coin of 2 kopecks of 1810, with an eagle similar to a bee.
Rarik is a very rare item of great value.
Plowing - plowed treasure. Often the places of former settlements became ordinary fields for sowing crops. Treasures buried shallowly became victims of the plow, which, over the years, took the coins all over the field.
Loose - valuable items, coins just fell out of your pocket and lost.
Locusts - a group of pros who have already visited the tract before you and thoroughly “knocked it out”.
Fly-Tsokotukha syndrome - the desire to "go across the field and find money." A characteristic feature of all search engines. Another fairy-tale character close to diggers is Koschey: “Koschey languishes over gold” - a digger cleans the coins found (usually sounds from the lips of the digger’s spouse watching him).
The storyteller is a local type with a slight amber of a week-long binge. He loves to tell stories, “load”, “squat on his ears” for a long time.
Scan - check the ground of the MD for the presence of something metallic.
Scoop - a special scoop for a cop on the beach.
Sniper - small 4 to 8 inch coil for trashy areas and scales.
Soviets - coins minted during the USSR 1921-1991
Save - the degree of safety of the coin, on which the value of the coins directly depends.
Stance - the pose of a digger who heard a good signal. “Make a stand” - freeze in place, moving the device from side to side, listening intently to the singing of the headphones.
Killed - a poorly preserved coin or other item.
Ears are headphones. "Prick up your ears" - put on headphones.
Walker - coins in circulation.
The queen of the fields - Anna Ivanovna's money, one of the most common finds, can be found in almost any field. Or 2 kopecks of Alexander-1
Scales - coins of the pre-Petrine reform. Small silver coins, the size of a fingernail, similar in shape to fish scales.
MD metal detector,
Kop - an event to raise artifacts held on the ground,
Soputka (everyone knows) - dated metal material,
accompanying interesting artifacts,
Saved - the state of the found swag,
Reconnaissance - search for an area for a cop,
Tsvetnyak is a non-ferrous metal, the most respected signal by search engines about the presence of objects made of copper, bronze, aluminum, gold, silver, etc. underground.
Diskrim - the ability of metal detectors to distinguish between non-ferrous and ferrous metals
Coil - metal detector search ring
Zalipukha - a coin When minting the previous coin, it did not leave the press, but stuck to one of the stamps. Thus, one of the sides of the adhered coin itself became the stamp that hit the next mug. Naturally, the image on the coin became a mirror image.
Chernina - everything that is not made of non-ferrous metal
"Raise" - dig out some thing;
The tract is a place where once there was a village
Grater - MD "X-TERRA" Asya - Garret Ace metal detector. Garik - metal detector GARRETT
"Kakanoid" or "Kakanoids" are remnants of a rusted roof and other incomprehensible segments with a good halo.
"Termites" - in relation to the local aborigines sawing the forest in the area of ​​the cop.
"Provider" - a shepherd of cows.

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SOURCE OF MATERIALS AND PHOTO:
Team Nomads.
http://forum.kladoiskatel.ru/
http://www.klady-rossii.ru/klady_Volgi1.php
http://poryvaev.ru/kladu_i_sokrovisha/
http://kartoved.ru/forum/
http://saratovklad.ru/

The beginning of the history of the Saratov province dates back to 1739, when, during the reign of Anna Ioannovna, the ancient city of Saratov was annexed to the Astrakhan province with the surrounding lands that were previously part of the vast Kazan province (since 1708). Under Catherine II, in 1769, an independent administrative unit was established as part of the Astrakhan province - the Saratov province, which existed until the abolition of the institute of provinces in 1775. In 1780, the Saratov governorship was established from the northern districts of the former Astrakhan province. In 1782, the Novokhopyorsky district and part of the Borisoglebsky district were transferred to the Saratov governorship from the Tambov governorate, and the Chernoyarsky district was transferred from the Astrakhan province. Under Paul I in 1796, in the course of the reverse reorganization of the Russian governorships in the province, the Saratov governorship was abolished, and its counties were transferred to the Penza province (in particular, the counties Atkarsky, Balashovsky, Volsky, Kamyshinsky, Kuznetsky, Petrovsky, Saratov, Serdobsky, Khvalynsky and Tsarevsky).

In the Saratov province, in whole or in part
There are the following maps and sources:
(with the exception of those indicated on the main page of general
all-Russian atlases, where this province can also be)

1-layout of land surveying of the 18th century (1780-90s)
A single-layout survey map is not topographic (latitudes and longitudes are not indicated on it), a hand-drawn map of the late 18th century. (after changing the boundaries of the provinces in 1775-79) on a scale of 1 inch 1 verst or in 1 cm 420 m. As a rule, a single county was drawn on several sheets, which are shown on a single composite sheet. At present, all survey maps in the Saratov province at our disposal date back to the reign of Catherine II in 1775-96. Color maps are very detailed.
The purpose of the land surveying map is to indicate the boundaries of land plots (so-called dachas) within the county.

4-ex layout of the counties of the Saratov province
chetyrehverstka - less detailed maps than conventional land surveying plans, but nevertheless contains all the settlements with a fairly accurate location and often with marks of later villages

Lists of populated places in the Saratov province in 1862 (according to information from 1859)
This is a one-stop reference guide that contains the following information:
- the status of the settlement (village, village, village - owner or state, i.e. state);
- location of the settlement (in relation to the nearest tract, camp, at a well, pond, stream, river or river);
- the number of households in the settlement and its population (the number of men and women separately);
- distance from the county town and camp apartment (centre of camp) in versts;
- the presence of a church, a chapel, a mill, etc.
The book has 130 pages (plus general information).

Economic notes to the general land surveying of the Saratov province
handwritten and, in some provinces, hard to read due to the handwriting of the scribe

In March 1797, the Penza province was reorganized into Saratov by a simple renaming, and Saratov became the administrative center of the new province, which consisted of ten counties, which for the first time in its history acquired the status of a provincial city. In turn, Penza becomes the center of the county of the same name in the north-west of the Saratov province. As in the time of Catherine II, at that time the borders of the vast Trans-Volga lands of a number of counties of the Saratov province (Volsky, Kamyshinsky, Khvalynsky and Tsaritsynsky) had straightened contours. In October 1797, a number of counties departed from the new Saratov province to the provinces of Tambov, Nizhny Novgorod and Simbirsk, and from a part of the counties remaining in it - already in the reign of Alexander the First - in the second half of 1801 (in September), the Penza province was re-formed. In 1802, the Novokhopyorsk district departed to the Voronezh province, and the Chernoyarsk district returned to the Astrakhan province (at the same time divided into two provinces - Astrakhan and Caucasus). The administrative border of the Saratov province with the Astrakhan province at this time and in the future as a whole retains the former straight line, as in Catherine's times. Under Nicholas the First, in 1835, three new Trans-Volga uyezds were established as part of the Saratov province from part of the lands of neighboring counties - Nikolaev (it included parts of the lands of the Volsk and Khvalynsk uyezds located beyond the Volga), Novouzensky (due to the Trans-Volga part of the lands of Saratov counties) and Tsarevsky (received the Volga lands of Kamyshinsky and Tsaritsynsky counties). In 1850-1851. The Tsarevsky district from the Saratov province was transferred to the Astrakhan province. At the same time, the Nikolaevsky and Novouzensky counties became part of the newly established Samara province. Throughout the subsequent pre-revolutionary period in the history of the Saratov province, its composition and administrative boundaries did not change.

Search for a map of a city, village, region or country

Old Saratov. Yandex map.

Allows you to: change the scale; measure distances; switch display modes - scheme, satellite view, hybrid. The Yandex-maps mechanism is used, it contains: districts, street names, house numbers, and other objects of cities and large villages, allows you to perform search by address(square, avenue, street + house number, etc.), for example: "Lenin street 3", "Old Saratov hotels", etc.

If you did not find something, try the section Google satellite map: Old Saratov or a vector map from OpenStreetMap: Old Saratov.

Link to the selected object on the map can be sent by e-mail, icq, sms or posted on the site. For example, to show the meeting point, delivery address, location of a store, cinema, train station, etc.: align the object with the marker in the center of the map, copy the link on the left above the map and send it to the addressee - by the marker in the center, he will determine the place you specified .

Old Saratov - online map with a satellite view: streets, houses, districts and other objects.

To change the scale, use the "mouse" scroll wheel, the "+ -" slider on the left, or the "Zoom in" button in the upper left corner of the map; to view a satellite view or a people's map - select the appropriate menu item in the upper right corner; to measure the distance - click the ruler at the bottom right and put points on the map.

Orenburg Oblast - Old Saratov: interactive map from Yandex. Vector diagram and satellite photo - with streets and houses, roads, address search and routing, measuring distances, the ability to get a link to the selected object on the map - to send to the addressee or place on the site.