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How to relax the sphincter of the rectum after surgery. Sphincteritis of the rectum: causes, symptoms and treatment of sphincter spasm. What is sphincter spasm

Anal sphincter spasm is defined as a syndrome that is manifested by proctalgia (painful sensations with severe discomfort in the rectum) caused by painful spasm of the anal sphincter muscles. A similar clinical picture is typical for most proctological pathologies, but the diagnosis of “anal sphincter spasm” or “proctalgia syndrome” is justified in the absence of an organic pathology of the anus and the identification of the true causes of pain (pain syndrome in the rectum of unidentified etiology).

The disease in most cases proceeds for a long time, with the development of carcinophobia and exhausts patients physically and psychologically. Therefore, it is extremely important to diagnose with the determination of the causative factor and adequate treatment of this pathology.

Spasm of the sphincter of the rectum: symptoms

Proctalgia is a pathology of the anus, which is accompanied by a pain syndrome of a different nature in the region of the rectum and / or anus, associated with a transient or persistent spasm of the rectal sphincter.

Anal sphincter spasm syndrome is characterized by:

acute pain of a paroxysmal nature with irradiation (“radiating”) to the perineum, coccyx or anterior abdominal wall, lower abdomen;
pain syndrome can be associated with the act of defecation or occur independently, regardless of the emptying of the rectum
pain is relieved or stops completely after taking a warm bath or after defecation;
often the occurrence of spasm can provoke psycho-emotional experiences, chronic stress, neurological diseases, physical activity.

Causes of spasm of the sphincter of the rectum

Spasm of the anal sphincter is caused by involuntary contraction of the smooth muscles located around the anus (external and / or internal sphincter of the anus), and with them there is a contraction of blood vessels, nerves, closely spaced muscles and internal organs. Therefore, with the contraction of smooth muscles, pulling strong, sometimes pulsating pains (proctalgia) of various duration and intensity always occur.

The basis of the treatment of this pathology is to determine the cause of the anal sphincter spasm.

The occurrence of spasm of the sphincter of the rectum is typical for middle-aged patients and occurs with the same frequency in both men and women. Frequent spasms of this zone in most cases are due to good innervation of the posterior wall of the rectum and its active vascularization. The reflexogenic zone is located here and any changes in the normal functioning of this area (prolonged constipation, inflammation, violations of the integrity of the mucosa or varicose changes in blood vessels) are manifested by reflex spasms of smooth muscles and pain syndrome - secondary proctalgia.

In patients with an unstable psyche, pathology of the autonomic or central nervous system, a spontaneous spasm of the anus develops, which only increases the emotional lability of patients, causes insomnia (true neurogenic spasms most often occur at night or in the early morning) and provoke an increase in spasms and the development of cancerophobia. Often, spasm of the smooth muscles of the anus is due to spasm of the muscles that lift the anus, which are included in the definition of coccygodynia. This syndrome combines the pain syndrome that occurs in the anal-coccygeal region, which is often called the "disease of TV viewers." It is caused by disorders of innervation as a result of injuries, operations on the pelvic organs, especially in the presence of extensive adhesions, after a difficult birth, injuries of the lumbococcygeal region.

Also, a spasm of the anal sphincters can develop in emotionally unstable women (with hysteria, neurasthenia, as a symptom of VVD by the type of viscero-vegetative disorders).

Types of anal sphincter spasm

Depending on the duration of the attack, there are:

quickly passing (transient) spastic proctalgia;
prolonged proctalgia.

According to the etiological factor, this pathology is classified:

primary spasm of the anal sphincter (neurotic spasm of the muscles of the anus or coccygeal muscle);
secondary proctalgia (manifested against the background of a functional or organic pathology of the rectum: fissures, hemorrhoids, Crohn's disease or tumors localized in the anal canal).

Transient (passing) proctalgia manifests itself in the form of sharp pulling or stabbing pains in the anus that suddenly appear within a short period of time. The pain in most cases radiates (gives) to the coccyx, hip joints and is often accompanied by severe discomfort in the perineum. Therefore, patients perceive this symptom as a pathology of the urinary or reproductive system (diseases of the prostate gland, bladder, kidneys, urethra, uterus or its appendages).

Prolonged pain continues for a long period of time, and often there is no response to pain relief.

This disease has a wave-like course, and after a certain time the frequency of the pain syndrome increases. The factors that cause exacerbation and increase in pain are not fully defined and are more often associated with the emotional state (stress, physical and psychological overstrain).

All these problems require timely consultation of a specialist, diagnosis and treatment.

Spasm of the sphincter of the rectum with hemorrhoids

The most common causes of secondary anal sphincter spasm are anal fissure and hemorrhoids. With prolonged existence of cracks or exacerbation of hemorrhoids, active irritation of the nerve endings occurs due to damaged mucous membranes, swelling and hyperemia of the inflamed area, enlargement of hemorrhoids, paraproctitis often causes a sharp pain syndrome, which is a consequence of both spastic contraction of the anal sphincters. Most often, muscle spasm in these pathologies is associated with the act of defecation, which differs from primary proctalgia. Severe spasm of the external or internal anal sphincter that occurs after a bowel movement lasts for hours and may continue until the next bowel movement.

This creates a vicious circle - the organic pathology of the rectum (fissure, inflammation of the hemorrhoid, tumor, ulcerative lesions of the mucosa) causes severe pain, severe pain leads to spastic contraction of the smooth muscles of the sphincter, in some cases their convulsive contractions, and this only increases the pain . Spasm of the anal sphincter with hemorrhoids is considered one of the signs of hemorrhoids.

Diagnosis of sphincter spasm

In the diagnosis of anal sphincter spasm, an important role is played by the collection of complaints and an anamnesis of the disease. Often, patients are diagnosed with trauma, diseases of the rectum and organs of the genitourinary system, pathology of the nervous system, or severe emotional lability.

Primary proctalgia is often combined with spasms of smooth muscles of other organs and patients used to turn to other narrow specialists.

Diagnosis of "proctalgia syndrome" is carried out with a mandatory examination of the patient and determination of the presence of other diseases that can be clinically manifested by spastic pain in the rectum.

Examination of patients includes:

examination of the anus;
digital examination of the anal canal (with primary proctalgia, this type of examination does not cause discomfort);
in-depth examination of the rectal wall is performed by means of sigmoidoscopy;
if it is necessary to examine the colon, a colonoscopy or barium enema is performed.

Spasm of the sphincter of the rectum treatment

Treatment of the anal sphincter consists of three main areas:

medication;
surgical correction;
folk remedies.

Medical treatment for anal sphincter spasm

The choice of treatment method for proctalgia syndrome and anal sphincter spasm depends on the general and psychological state of the person, the presence of complications of somatic diseases and pathological processes in the rectum, the duration of the disease and the degree of spastic contraction. But any method of therapy is necessarily combined with the observance of the rules of hygiene and proper nutrition.
The initial task of a specialist is to determine the causes of spasm and eliminate all negative changes (inflammation or mucosal defects), reduce or completely eliminate sphincter spasm. For this purpose, antispasmodic, analgesic drugs are prescribed, if necessary with antibacterial agents, with constipation - laxatives. Preparations are best used in the form of rectal suppositories, creams and ointments (Relief Advance, Procto-glivenol, Venoruton, Ultraprokt, Posterizan forte, suppositories with belladonna, sea buckthorn oil), antispasmodics (No-shpa) and warm sitz baths.

Relaxation of spasm is carried out when applying:

thermal procedures;
physiotherapeutic methods of treatment - UHF currents, darsonvalization, diathermy;
pain relief with antispasmodics and analgesic suppositories;
electrosleep;
compresses, lotions and ointments;
microclysters with the addition of anti-inflammatory, antiseptic and oily agents;
drugs to eliminate constipation, treatment of colitis and intestinal dysbacteriosis.

At the same time, you need to pay attention to personal hygiene - wash the anus in the evening and in the morning, and also after each act of defecation, so as not to injure and irritate the mucous membrane with toilet paper.

Proper diet is an important factor. Food should not irritate the mucous membrane of the digestive tract, so it is better to minimize allergenic foods in the diet, as well as meat, fish, cottage cheese, eggs and spicy, salty dishes, smoked meats.

It is necessary to refuse fatty and fried foods, raw vegetables and fruits (strawberries, apples, plums, potatoes, cabbage and carrots).

Surgical treatment of persistent spasm of the anal sphincter

In the absence of the effect of conservative treatment, an increase in attacks of spasmodic contraction of the anus, the addition of severe complications, resort to surgical intervention - sphincterotomy. It consists in partial excision of the muscles of the anal sphincter, which helps to relax the smooth muscles of the muscle and significantly reduce pain.

How to relieve spasm of the sphincter of the rectum with folk remedies

Sitz baths

prepare a weak pink solution of potassium permanganate, take a sitz bath for 15-20 minutes. After that, irrigate the anus with a solution of octeniderm (long-acting alcohol antiseptic) or any of its analogues (altsept, aseptinol spray, lokasept). The procedure must be repeated daily for 7-10 days;
a bath with a decoction or infusion of medicinal plants that have an antispasmodic and soothing effect on pain (chamomile, St. John's wort, yarrow, oak bark, calendula);
baths with decoctions of herbs and olive oil (2 tablespoons of knotweed grass, 2-3 hop cones and olive oil), pour herbs with 2 cups of boiling water and brew for 10-15 minutes and insist for two hours, add 1 tablespoon of oil. Pour the infusion with oil into a basin, take a bath for half an hour, lubricate the anus with olive or sea buckthorn oil or any antiseptic solution.

Enemas with herbal infusions

For microclysters, decoctions of medicinal plants (chamomile, calendula, yarrow) are used with the addition of an aqueous solution of octenisept (1:10) or a 0.35% collargol solution (50 ml per enema). Enemas are done daily for 7-10 days.

Herbal tampons or rectal suppositories

1) to prepare a tampon, you need to take 2 tablespoons of a mixture prepared from chopped water pepper grass, flax flowers and oak bark taken in equal proportions. Grind the collection of herbs well in a mortar and mix with 100 gr. melted pig fat. The tool is completely ready in 12 hours. It is used as tampons, with the introduction into the rectum for 3-4 hours 1-2 times a day. Repeat the procedure for 7-10 days.

2) for the preparation of rectal suppositories, take 500 grams of unsalted lard, 4-5 tablespoons of crushed hop cones, 3/4 cup of St. John's wort. Herbs are brewed in 1 ½ cups of boiling water, insist and strain the steep broth, mix with melted lard and let stand for 12 hours. Candles are made from this composition with obligatory cooling in the freezer. Candles put at night for 10-14 days. You can also use candles with sea buckthorn oil, which are sold in the pharmacy chain.

In the presence of a rectal fissure, the Ratovnik balm ointment with sea buckthorn oil, milk lipids and echinacea extract or Evdokimov's balm is used.

Difficulty in treating sphincter spasms

The complexity of treatment for primary spasm of the rectal sphincter, which is characterized by the absence of organic pathology and is most often caused by visceroneurotic disorders or pathology of the nervous system, is due to the formation of a "vicious circle". The development of a short or prolonged spastic contraction of the anal sphincters often causes pain and convulsive contractions of smooth muscles during the act of defecation, so this pathology can cause chronic constipation.

The increase in spastic contractions against the background of emotional lability or the progression of neurotic disorders causes the development of insomnia, fear of developing cancer, and further aggravates the course of the "anal sphincter spasm" syndrome. With the increase and lengthening of spasm attacks, constipation and trophic disorders of the mucosa develop, the likelihood of its traumatization (cracks in the rectum, ulcerative defects, inflammation) increases, and this increases pain and fear of defecation.

At the same time, organic changes in the mucosa develop, blood supply changes, the course of this pathology worsens significantly, which leads to a longer and more frequent spasm and persistent pain syndrome, the development of a bleeding hemorrhoidal bump or anal fissure.

Today we would like to discuss a delicate issue. The work of the digestive tract largely determines our well-being, cheerfulness and good mood. Moreover, it is important not only proper nutrition, but also stable emptying, so that the body does not send waste products. It is very good if you have never encountered such problems, and the morning toilet does not cause unpleasant associations. But most people know firsthand what a sphincter spasm is. The symptoms are extremely unpleasant, it is pain and swelling in the lower abdomen, which is difficult to cope with without taking antispasmodic drugs. Today we will talk about this phenomenon and ways to deal with it in a little more detail.

A little about the physiological features

What is the rectal sphincter? This is a muscle element. It is located directly in the rectum and is designed to regulate the excretion of feces. On the one hand, it performs a locking function, and when there is a sufficient accumulation of masses, it opens. This is usually a controlled process. The rectal sphincter opens only in the right place (in the toilet), and not on the way home from work.

In order for the sphincter to work smoothly, its surface is lined with a large number of receptor cells, and the inside is smooth muscle, which forms a ring. While the child is small, it works in a natural mode, that is, immediately after the need that has arisen, bowel movements follow. As you get older and potty trained, your rectal sphincter becomes more and more exercised, effectively holding back feces and gas.

What is sphincter spasm

This is not a disease, but only its manifestation, so doctors will have to conduct a full diagnosis to determine what caused this phenomenon. And we will start by telling you what characterizes the spasm of the sphincter of the rectum. Symptoms are primarily pain. It is not caused by inflammation, but by painful muscle contraction, which is psychological or somatogenic in nature.

A similar picture is typical for most proctological pathologies, so if doctors talk about spasm of the rectal sphincter, they mean that there are no organic lesions of this segment of the intestine. That is, there is pain of undiagnosed etiology.

Features of the disease

It's not just the diagnosis that's difficult. Diseases with such symptoms usually proceed for a long time and are quite difficult. We cannot stop the intestines for the duration of its treatment, even with a sparing diet, the load on it still remains. And constant pain, which is difficult to remove even with strong drugs, exhausts physically and psychologically. Often, terrible diagnoses come to mind, most often of an oncological nature, which further aggravates his condition.

Learn more about symptoms

How can you suspect that you have spasm of the rectal sphincter? Simple enough. Strong, paroxysmal pain will not make a mistake. In this case, the following symptoms are observed:

Acute paroxysmal pain that radiates to the perineum. In this regard, patients tend to attribute symptoms to chronic kidney disease, problems of the pelvic organs.
Please note that pain may accompany the act of defecation or occur separately from it.
Most often, after taking a bath, the pain subsides significantly, although it may not go away completely.
An important point is the reason why the spasm occurs. This is the key to the solution, as well as the appointment of adequate treatment. Most often, it is provoked not even by somatogenic diseases, but by psycho-emotional ones: experiences, chronic stress and neurological problems, as well as inadequate physical activity.

What everyone needs to know

We have already touched on this issue a little, but it is extremely important to deal with this point in more detail. Treatment of the rectal sphincter, or rather its effectiveness, directly depends on how the doctor has figured out the reasons. What causes spasm? This is a contraction of smooth muscles. This may involve the external or internal sphincter. But that's half the trouble. With the contraction of smooth muscles, pulling, sometimes throbbing pains occur, varying in duration and intensity, since nerves and blood vessels are pinched.

Most often, this pathology occurs in middle-aged people. At the same time, there is no division into men and women; everyone is susceptible to the disease. Why is this part of the intestine prone to spasms? This is due to good innervation. What can be included here:

constipation;
inflammation;
violation of the integrity of the mucosa;
varicose veins or blood vessels.

As a result, the patient feels severe pain, which is difficult to correct with medication.

Risk group

Before we talk about how to remove the rectum, we will dwell on one more point. There is a certain group of patients in whom the risk of this pathology is more likely. These are the people:

mentally unbalanced;
suffering from CNS pathology.

As a result of the above pathologies, a spasm develops, which increases emotional lability and, as a result, pain. In addition, this syndrome may be due to various disorders of innervation. This is a consequence of trauma or difficult childbirth. Often, spasm of the anal sphincters develops in emotionally unstable women. Men fall into this category less often, although the gender, as we have already mentioned, is not predominant.

Types of spasms

Most often, problems arise when the internal sphincter of the rectum spasms. First of all, they can be divided by the time of the attack:

fast passing;
long.

Usually mild pathology is both rapidly passing. At the same time, to alleviate the condition, the use of serious drugs is not required. Violation manifests itself in the form of sudden pulling or stabbing pains. Very often, patients feel severe discomfort in the perineum. Moreover, some of them begin to unsuccessfully treat fictitious diseases of the prostate gland, kidneys and uterus. Once again, I would like to remind you that any therapy begins with an adequate diagnosis. Without this, it is not only ineffective, but also dangerous.

Prolonged pain of unknown etiology practically does not respond to anesthesia, and attacks can go on for several days. Moreover, an uneven course is characteristic, after some time the frequency of attacks increases. At the same time, the factors that cause exacerbation of pain are not fully defined. However, doctors have long noted that the emotional state of the patient greatly affects the state of his intestines. Stress and anxiety instantly cause a worsening of the situation.

There is a classification according to the etiological factor. In this case, allocate:

primary spasm. If we compare two photos of the sphincter of the rectum - spasmodic and completely healthy - you can see that they are not much different. In our case, this is just a muscle spasm, which most often develops against a background of stress and disappears after the situation returns to normal.
Secondary. This violation does not appear on its own, but develops against the background of certain pathologies of the rectum. These include hemorrhoids and fissures, Crohn's disease, and tumors in the anal canal.

Any problems with the intestines require attention, timely consultation with specialists. The earlier the cause is determined, the more effective the therapeutic effect will be.

First trip to the doctor

It all starts with an examination. An important role is played by the collection of anamnesis. Quite often, primary diseases are determined in patients, which led to such a development of events. These are injuries and various operations. Even more often, diseases of the rectum and organs of the genitourinary system become the root cause. Do not forget that the smooth muscle muscles of our body are interconnected, so the primary proctology is combined with spasms of the muscles of other organs. What does diagnostics include?

visual inspection;
palpation of the anus;
examination of the walls of the rectum;
examination of the colon with a colonoscopy.

What to do

Since the sphincter of the rectum will not work overnight, you will have to follow a number of doctor's recommendations in order to achieve an improvement in the condition. The choice of treatment methods will depend on the general and psychological state of the patient, the presence of somatic diseases.

But the doctor's first task is to remove the spasm of the sphincter of the rectum. Treatment should begin with the elimination of the disorder and the elimination of inflammation. For this purpose, antispasmodics and painkillers are prescribed. If necessary, prescribe antibacterial agents, and for constipation - laxatives.

sphincter relaxation

This is the goal of the patient and the doctor, which is not always easy to achieve with drugs alone. Thermal procedures, as well as physiotherapeutic methods of treatment, help very well in this case. In parallel, it is necessary to carry out anesthesia with the help of antispasmodics and analgesic suppositories. It is best to use "Relief Advance", "Procto-glivenol", "Venoruton", "Ultraprokt", "Sterizan forte", candles with belladonna and sea buckthorn oil. Of the antispasmodics, No-shpa is most often used, as well as warm sitz baths.

Solving problems with constipation

It is very important to pay close attention to the toilet. It is extremely important to keep the anus area perfectly clean. Every morning you need to wash yourself using a shower for this. It is good to repeat the procedure after each act of defecation, so as not to irritate the mucous membrane by friction. Proper diet is one of the most important factors. Food should be as sparing as possible in order to reduce the load on the digestive tract. Everything is quite simple here: fatty, sweet, fried and spicy should be excluded from the diet. The basis is soups and lean cereals, baked fruits and vegetables. Observe the drinking regime.

Surgery

If alternative treatment does not work, then more radical measures will have to be chosen. At first, doctors use various drugs, as well as conservative methods of treatment. If the attacks become more frequent, and severe complications also join, then there is no choice. In this case, they resort to surgical intervention - sphincterotomy. It consists in partial excision of the muscles of the anal sphincter. This causes the smooth muscles to relax and the pain is greatly reduced. The cause is not eliminated, but the patient still gets a good result.

Folk methods of treatment

If the situation has not yet gone too far, then you can use herbal medicine recipes. In this case, it is recommended to treat spasms of the anal sphincter with decoctions of medicinal herbs or a solution of potassium permanganate. The treatment regimen includes enemas and microclysters, tampons and suppositories.

Sitz baths are easy to make. To do this, collect some warm water in a basin, add potassium permanganate. The procedure must be repeated for at least 7-10 days. Not bad help baths with a decoction or infusion of medicinal plants, which have an antispasmodic or sedative effect. This is chamomile and yarrow, St. John's wort and oak bark, calendula. Plants can be mixed or alternated. A decoction of medicinal herbs is used to prepare enemas and tampons.

sphincter weakness

This is the exact opposite of the one we discussed above. If before that we discussed how to relax the sphincter of the rectum, normalize the waste of gases and feces and relieve pain, now we need to pay attention to what to do when the same locking ring is loosened. Weak rectal sphincter leads to liquid or hard stool.

Treatment requires taking into account the individual characteristics of the person, as well as violations. As a rule, if the rectal sphincter is relaxed, a special diet, electrical stimulation and physiotherapy exercises are prescribed. Drug therapy in this case should be aimed at the treatment of inflammatory diseases and dysbacteriosis.

If the sphincter is weakened due to organic causes, surgical intervention is necessary, namely sphincteroplasty. After this operation, a long-term rehabilitation treatment is required with the obligatory diet.

Instead of a conclusion

The health of our intestines largely depends on us. Proper diet, the optimal ratio of physical activity and rest, avoiding serious stress - all these are the main methods for preventing diseases of the digestive system in general and the intestines in particular. Excessive tension, as well as weakness of the rectal sphincter, can be the result of a number of serious ailments, each of which requires careful attention and medical support.

The internal rectal sphincter is a smooth muscle structure that is located in the human anus. Let us consider in more detail the disease of the rectal sphincter, its types, methods of diagnosis and treatment.

Most often, the internal sphincter of the rectum is exposed to such diseases:

Anal sphincter spasm is a chronic condition characterized by pain and discomfort in the rectal area.

According to its clinical picture, anal sphincter spasm is not accompanied by a serious development of pathologies in the intestine. The pain syndrome usually does not have an exact cause.

This disease depletes the muscles of the rectal sphincter. It takes quite a long time, exhausting patients not only physiologically, but also psychologically. For this reason, it is very important to diagnose such a spasm in a timely manner and begin the correct treatment.

Sphincteritis of the rectum is a disease that is accompanied by severe inflammation of the sphincter muscle. The disease proceeds in waves, causing a lot of unpleasant symptoms in a sick person. Sphincteritis requires long-term treatment.

Causes of the development of diseases of the sphincter of the rectum

Spasm of the anal sphincter develops due to involuntary contraction of the muscles that are located in the anus. In this case, the spasm itself can be of different frequency and intensity.

Usually this disease occurs in middle-aged people, regardless of gender.

As for anal sphincteritis, it usually occurs in people with existing pathologies of the rectum. At the same time, such a disease further aggravates the course of chronic diseases of the gastrointestinal tract.

The following factors provoke the occurrence of sphincter pathologies:

Unstable psycho-emotional state of a person. It can be frequent stress, depression, nervousness, and even sleep disturbances, when a man or woman is chronically sleep deprived, which leads to irritability and nervousness.

In this state, the body's defenses in people are quickly depleted, which leads to a tendency to develop gastrointestinal diseases, including spasm of the sphincter in the rectum.

Untreated acute hemorrhoids. In addition, if you do not maintain your condition in the chronic form of this disease, then it can also give complications in the form of inflammation of the sphincter.
Dysbacteriosis and other infectious and bacteriological lesions of the intestine.
Oncological pathologies of the rectum.
Fissure of the rectum.
Passive lifestyle.
Avitaminosis and acute lack of nutrients.
Injuries of the rectum.
Improper nutrition (overeating, eating spicy and fatty foods, eating "on the run", etc.)
Acute diseases of the digestive tract (gastric ulcer, cholecystitis, pancreatitis, etc.).
Violation of immunity.
Unhealthy lifestyle (alcohol abuse and smoking).
Lack of physical activity.
Hypothermia.
Frequent constipation.
Proctitis.
The presence of pathological inflammation in the internal organs.

Symptoms and signs of sphincter disease

Most often, spasm of the sphincter and its inflammation are manifested by the following symptoms:

The appearance of itching and burning in the intestine.
Feeling of discomfort and fullness in the anus.
Violation of the stool (possible constipation or vice versa, diarrhea and diarrhea).
Sharp paroxysmal pains during and after defecation are inherent in spasm of the sphincter.
Drawing and aching pain in the abdomen.
Appetite disturbance.
Sleep disturbance.
Irritability can appear as a result of constant pain and poor sleep.
Constant pain radiating to the lower back or perineal area.
False urge to defecate. At the same time, such urges can be quite frequent (occur several times per hour).
The appearance of bloody discharge in the stool.
The appearance of mucus in the stool.
Malaise and weakness.
An increase in body temperature is possible with an acute inflammatory process in the sphincter.
Pain that radiates to the right side of the ribs and is localized under them is characteristic of the acute development of inflammation of the sphincter.
Nausea and feeling of bitterness in the mouth.
Fever and chills.
Pain after exercise. At the same time, sometimes patients develop pain even after minor stresses.

Important! In acute forms of sphincter disease, a person will suffer from pronounced symptoms of pathology. This clinical picture changes if the disease has become chronic. Then all its signs may be less pronounced, periodic and as if erased. This will significantly complicate the diagnostic process and prolong the treatment time.

Types of sphincter spasms

According to the duration of spasms of the sphincter are:

fast (last 2-10 seconds);
prolonged (may last for several minutes).

According to the etiological criteria, spasms of the sphincter are:

Primary (developing as a neurological involuntary spasm).
Secondary (developing as a result of untreated pathologies of the rectum).

A fleeting spasm develops suddenly and is accompanied by stabbing pain in the anus, which radiates to the lower abdomen. In this case, the person will also suffer from severe discomfort during defecation.

A long-term spasm will torment the patient for several minutes. At the same time, in this condition, the pain can be so acute and severe that a person will need to take painkillers or fast-acting analgesics.

Important! Sphincter diseases, whether it is a spasm or inflammation, threaten with dangerous complications, therefore, if the first symptoms of the disease occur, it is recommended to consult a proctologist as soon as possible.

Features of sphincter spasm in hemorrhoids

As mentioned above, most often problems with the sphincter in people develop precisely because of hemorrhoids. This is justified by the fact that with the development of hemorrhoids or anal fissure, the nerve endings of the rectum are very strongly irritated, which leads to inflammation of the mucous membrane, an increase in hemorrhoids, pain and a sharp reduction in the sphincter - spasm.

Usually such a spasm occurs during a bowel movement, which distinguishes it from ordinary proctalgia. Moreover, this spasm in more severe cases can last for hours, until the next act of defecation.

In this state, a vicious circle is created in the patient - a disease of the rectum (hemorrhoids) causes severe pain and irritation of the intestine, which in turn provokes a spasm of the sphincter.

Important! Most proctologists recognize sphincter spasm as one of the first signs of hemorrhoids, so in this condition, the diagnosis does not need to exclude such an underlying cause of rectal spasms as hemorrhoids.

Diagnostics

Diagnosis of sphincter diseases has the following features:

To begin with, the proctologist must collect an anamnesis and complaints of the patient.
After that, a person needs to pass a general analysis of blood and urine.
Next, the patient needs to conduct an examination of the anus and a digital examination of the anus.
Retromanoscopy and ultrasound of the rectum will help to study the condition of the rectum in more detail.
Blood test for immune status and bilirubin.
Sounding.

In addition to an examination by a proctologist, the patient is recommended to consult a general practitioner, endocrinologist and neuropathologist. It is also necessary to conduct a computed tomography of the rectum.

Treatment Methods

Therapeutic therapy for sphincter diseases is prescribed for each patient individually, depending on the complexity of the patient's condition, symptoms and the cause that caused the disease.

Sphincter diseases can be treated in the following ways:

With the help of medicines.
Surgically.
Folk medicine.
Using physiotherapy treatment.

Drug therapy involves the appointment of such groups of drugs:

Analgesics are prescribed for severe pain.
Preparations to increase immunity and vitamin complexes.
Antibiotics are used for infection.
Anti-inflammatory drugs.
Antipyretic drugs are used for high fever.
Antispasmodics are prescribed for spasm (No-shpa).
Use of analgesic rectal suppositories.
Candles and ointments (Posterizan and others).
Laxatives are prescribed for constipation.

Surgical treatment is used for advanced sphincter disease. It provides for this:

Carrying out choledochotomy.
Establishment of the drainage of the bile duct.
Papillosphincterotomy.

The recovery period after surgical treatment is quite long. In this case, the patient will definitely need to regularly observe the hygiene of the anus and lubricate the rectum with healing ointments.

Physiotherapy treatment is considered auxiliary. It is prescribed after drug therapy and provides for the following:

Carrying out UHF currents.
Diathermy.
Electrosleep.
Darmonvalization.
thermal procedures.
Carrying out microclysters using antiseptic and oil products.

Alternative treatment involves the use of such procedures:

Taking sitz baths.
Establishment of enemas.
The development of therapeutic tampons.

To prepare sitz baths, you need to use the following recipes:

Potassium solution:

make a weak solution of potassium in warm water;
take a bath for twenty minutes;
after that, introduce an oil analgesic rectal suppository;
repeat the procedure every day for a week.

Herbal solution:

make a weak decoction of dry chamomile, St. John's wort and oak bark;
take a bath in such a warm solution;
repeat the procedure in the morning and evening for seven days.

Oil solution:

mix 2 tbsp. l. sea buckthorn oil with two glasses of boiling water and a spoonful of calendula herb;
insist for ten minutes, strain and take such a bath for ten minutes;
repeat the procedure daily for five days.

To prepare microclysters, you need to mix equal amounts of chamomile, calendula and yarrow. Boil herbs in two liters of water and use for microclysters. Repeat the procedure every day before going to bed for ten days.

Very effective for the treatment of this disease is the use of rectal suppositories with healing injuries. The best recipes for this direction are:

Herbal candles:

mix flax flowers, oak bark and chamomile in equal groups;
grind herbs and mix them with 100 g of lard;
use as tampons in the rectum three times a day;
leave the tampon in the intestine for no more than two hours;
repeat the procedure for five days in a row.

Hop tampons. To prepare them you need:

mix three tablespoons of crushed hop cones with 300 g of fresh lard;
add to the mixture 1 tbsp. l. olive or sea buckthorn oil;
Soak a tampon with the finished mixture and use it to establish overnight for five days.

Important! Before using traditional medicine recipes, you should always consult with your doctor.

Difficulties in the treatment of sphincter diseases

The complexity of the treatment of sphincter diseases is primarily due to the fact that such pathologies often recur even after the completion of the course of therapy, when a person experiences stress or performs a lot of physical activity.

Moreover, the treatment becomes much more difficult even when the disease has become chronic and has given complications. In this case, the patient will suffer from severe pain, frequent bleeding and inflammation.

Nutrition during treatment

Nutrition in the treatment of sphincter diseases plays a very important role. During this period, the patient should adhere to the following recommendations:

Don't overeat. Portions should be small.
There should be four to five full meals a day and two snacks of nuts or fruit.
Every day you need to consume sour-milk low-fat products. It can be cottage cheese, kefir, fermented baked milk or all kinds of yogurts. They will improve digestion and create a favorable microflora in the intestines.
The last meal should be no later than seven o'clock in the evening, so as not to overload the digestive tract at night.
You should stop eating fatty fish and meat. Instead, it is better to eat food that is steamed or boiled. It is allowed to eat chicken, turkey and lean fish.
It is important to stop smoking, drinking coffee and drinking alcohol.
In large quantities, you can use oils, especially olive oil. It will simplify the act of defecation and relieve the problem of constipation.
Completely excluded from the diet:

carrot;
cabbage;
potato;
plums;
smoked meats;
sausages;
semi-finished products;
fried food;
legumes.

This is explained by the fact that the above products can aggravate the process of digestion, which should not be allowed with diseases of the rectum.

It is allowed to drink fruit jelly, green tea and compotes. You can also drink chamomile tea.
It is not advisable to eat too hot or cold food.

Prevention of sphincter diseases

To prevent the development of diseases of the rectal sphincter, you should adhere to the following doctor's recommendations:

Give up bad habits (smoking, drinking alcohol).
Avoid stress and nervous strain.
Monitor your nutrition. To do this, it is recommended to keep a food diary. You need to write down everything that you ate in a day. This will lead to control of your menu and eliminate the possibility of accidental snacking on junk food.
You should boost your immunity. To do this, it is recommended to take vitamin complexes every new season, work out on a spot and harden.
When sedentary, you should take breaks and carry out light exercises.

At the same time, no matter how hard you try, the rectal sphincter muscles contract against your will, worsening the condition even without this painful anus. This phenomenon is especially pronounced in the presence of an anal fissure, but is also present in hemorrhoids.

It turns out some kind of vicious vicious circle: pathological muscle contraction interferes with defecation, making it often impossible.

Due to delays in emptying, the stool hardens and further injures the rectum. An increase in traumatization of the rectum leads to an increase in pain during emptying and aggravation of spasm.

In addition, with a spasm of the sphincter of the rectum, the blood supply deteriorates significantly, which leads to a longer non-healing of the anal fissure or bleeding hemorrhoidal bump.

To solve this emptying problem, let's break things down.

In our case, spasm is an involuntary contraction of the rectal sphincter muscles, usually accompanied by sharp and aching pain.

We feel pain due to the fact that the sphincter muscles squeeze the blood vessels, blood circulation is disturbed, the cells of the anus lack oxygen and nutrients.

Also, the cells are slagged with waste products of their vital activity, which are not excreted by the blood due to circulatory disorders. Cells send a signal to our brain about this problem, which we feel in the form of pain.

A spasm contracts the muscles of the internal sphincter of the rectum. There is also an external sphincter, but we are not interested in it. The anal sphincter is a muscular structure that surrounds the anal canal.

Designations in the figure:

1. Peritoneum
2. Rectum
3. Anal canal
4. Internal anal sphincter
5. External anal sphincter
6. Anus

The sphincter of the anus is not controlled by the human mind at all. Its contractions and relaxations occur involuntarily. The internal sphincter of the anus serves to prevent accidental emptying by blocking the anus.

Sometimes a spasm of the sphincter interferes with normal urination in a sitting position due to great soreness.

To solve the problem of involuntary contraction of the muscles of the rectum, I suggest trying a simple technique.

1. Feel the urge to go to the toilet - be sure to drink a glass of unboiled clean water. Water is the best laxative, it will improve intestinal motility.

2. Mentally say to yourself: “Today I will empty my bowels using a new method. Defecation will pass quickly and without any spasms. Everything will work out for me, because this technique really helps.”

3. Going to the toilet, take a few deep breaths and exhalations to improve intestinal motility.

4. Sit on the toilet as usual and immediately lean forward with your legs spread wider, reaching your hands to the floor. If you have high blood pressure, gently and unsharply tilt your head back.

When passing feces, try not to strain the muscles of the rectum, be completely relaxed.

5. To speed up the exit of feces, you can raise your right hand up while turning your torso. With this movement, you squeeze the colon and improve peristalsis.

If you feel an increase in soreness, then lower your hand down. Soreness has decreased, again try to raise your arm and turn your torso.

6. Stay in this position until the end of a bowel movement. If possible, try squatting.

If you are young, then climb onto the toilet with your feet on it. Or adjust the chairs as shown below. When squatting, spasm of the sphincter muscles is difficult.

7. You also need to get up from the toilet without straightening your torso up. Move the center of gravity to your hands, you can rest your hands on the floor, and lift your pelvis up from the toilet.

You should straighten your legs, while the torso is tilted down as much as possible, i.e. you got up from the toilet, leaning towards the floor.

Only then use toilet paper for its intended purpose.

This is not very convenient, but it will prevent the occurrence of a spasm of the rectum after a bowel movement, since the legs are already straightened.

8. Defecation in a new position is slower than in the usual vertical position of the body. But you should aim to spend as little time as possible emptying. The ideal emptying time is no more than one minute.

If you have problems with constipation, read my article on getting rid of constipation.

You should try my method in practice and find for yourself the best option for emptying without spasm of the sphincter, because we are all different, right?

Best regards, Sergei.

antigemoroj.com

Causes

The causes of cracks near the anus are very simple:

Chronic constipation, forcing a person to strain excessively, increasing pressure in the rectum.
Mechanical injuries from solid feces, poor quality toilet paper, anal sex practices, instrumental examination of the rectum.
In childbirth during the period of attempts, a crack in the anus or rectal mucosa is an unfavorable sign, as it can become a harbinger of a rupture of the perineum of the 4th degree.
Poor hygiene, diaper rash can also lead to cracks.
Inflammatory changes in the intestinal mucosa against the background of proctitis, diarrhea, dysbacteriosis, helminthic invasion can also be manifested by cracks, which, in this case, will be only one of the manifestations of the underlying pathology.

Fissure symptoms

The pain is stronger, the deeper the crack. At first, it appears only with defecation or mechanical irritation. Later, as inflammation joins, pain sensations can take on a permanent character and disturb a person even without any irritation of the problem area. The nature of the pain can be pinching, burning, stabbing or pulling and pressing with significant swelling and chronic inflammation. With a chronic fissure, there is also a spasm of the obturator muscle of the rectum, which increases the pain during bowel movements.

Itching and discomfort are triggered by tight, uncomfortable or synthetic underwear, prolonged sitting, constipation or loose stools. The greater the length of the crack, the wider the itchy area and the more pronounced the discomfort.
Isolation of scarlet blood, not mixed with feces, during defecation or straining is the result of the destruction of the walls of the capillaries in the anal region (see causes of blood in the feces). If the crack is very deep, then the veins can also be damaged, then dark venous blood will appear and the bleeding will be similar to hemorrhoidal (long and voluminous, see bleeding from the anus).

The appearance of these symptoms - discomfort, itching in the anus, pain, blood during bowel movements can also be with more serious diseases, such as hemorrhoids, inflammatory and oncological processes in the intestines, therefore, rectoscopy is required to establish a diagnosis.

Treatment of a crack in the anus

A fissure of the rectal mucosa is a significant discomfort in everyday life, but there is nothing fatal about it - it is just a longitudinal tear and the result of mechanical trauma.

And, although it is in conditions close to unsanitary, it becomes inflamed and can easily become infected, for example, with E. coli, this happens very infrequently, and the crack heals safely with proper care and treatment. However, for this it is necessary to follow some rules and eliminate the factors that provoke the formation of a crack and support its existence.

Lead an active lifestyle, avoiding prolonged sitting. Walk more, exercise more.
Fight constipation (see all suppositories for constipation), avoiding stool retention for more than two days. Timely correct dysbacteriosis and treat intestinal infections with diarrhea.
Use normal toilet paper and rinse with cool water after a bowel movement.
Do not get involved in non-traditional sex or use high-quality lubricants.

Diet for cracks

Dietary measures are reduced to the selection of a table that normalizes the regularity of the chair. It is also important to exclude fried foods, spices and alcohol (see diet for hemorrhoids and fissures).

For constipation, a contrast breakfast is useful (a glass of cool juice, after 20 minutes - hot oatmeal), an empty stomach intake of a dessert spoon of sunflower or olive oil, beets in all forms, bran bread, cereals, apples, plenty of fluids (at least 3 liters per day) and soups for dinner.

Diarrhea requires restriction of cabbage, legumes, fresh vegetables and fruits (fiber), yeast baked goods, whole milk.

What medicines treat rectal fissures

It is customary to heal acute cracks with the help of various forms of drugs, that is, to conduct conservatively. In the arsenal of a proctologist (a doctor dealing with problems of the rectum) today there are ointments, creams, gels and suppositories. Also sometimes they resort to tablet medicines.

Trays

Before the introduction of local preparations after defecation, antiseptic and anti-inflammatory sitz baths are prescribed. In case of cracks, the temperature of the solution is 30 degrees Celsius, the duration is 10-15 minutes.

As a therapeutic solution, a decoction of chamomile and oak bark is used (separately or in a ratio of 2 to 1). Chamomile suppresses inflammation in tissues, facilitating healing. Oak bark gives an astringent effect, drying the crack. You can also use decoctions of calendula or yarrow.
Less commonly, a weak solution of potassium permanganate (pale pink) is used as an antiseptic.

Ointments, creams

The ointment for cracks should contain a fatty base, do not cause irritation of the skin and mucous membranes, and, ideally, combine anti-inflammatory and tissue healing properties. The ointment is administered 1-2 times a day after a bowel movement and a ten-minute bath in the amount of one centimeter. The average duration of course treatment with ointments for acute fissures is 7-10 days. Most crack medications are also used to treat hemorrhoids (see list of all hemorrhoid ointments).

Ultraproject 420-500 rubles - a combination of the glucocorticoid fluocortolone and the local anesthetic cinchocaine. It has anti-inflammatory, antipruritic and analgesic effects.

Aurobin 190-230 rubles - a combination of prednisolone (anti-inflammatory and anti-allergic effect) with lidocaine hydrochloride (local anesthesia) and dexpanthenol (acceleration of healing and restoration of the skin and mucous membranes). The drug is contraindicated in pregnant, lactating, persons with bacterial or viral inflammation or intolerance to the components of the ointment.
Dexpanthenol, Bepanthen, Pantesol 70-120 rubles - ointments and creams based on pantothenic acid, which affects protein and fat metabolism and accelerates healing.
Solcoseryl 160-180 rub. in the form of an ointment or gel, it accelerates the uptake of glucose by tissues, thereby improving tissue nutrition.
Actovegin 100-120-180 rub. improves cellular respiration and glucose utilization, promoting tissue repair.
Methyluracil 60-80 rubles - a medicine that combines the properties of an anabolic and anti-inflammatory agent, an immunomodulator.
Proctosan 230-270 rub. contains bismuth subgallate, titanium dioxide, lidocaine and befexamac. Dries and heals the crack.
Emla 1400-1600 rubles - local anesthetic based on lidocaine and prilocaine. The drug is indicated for spasm of the anal sphincter against the background of a chronic fissure. May cause palpitations and allergies.

kathejel 120-140 rub. combines lidocaine and antiseptic chlorhexidine. Indications are similar to emla.
Levomekol 80-120 rub. - antibacterial chloramphenicol and methyluracil, which accelerates the closure of the crack. The drug is indicated for chronic or inflamed fissure. It should be remembered that long-term use may be complicated by anemia and a decrease in blood leukocytes. Ointment Levomekol is contraindicated in nursing.
Nitroglycerin ointment 0.2% dilates blood vessels and relieves spasm of the sphincter. Prepared according to the recipe.

suppositories

Candles are a convenient dosage form that allows the main drug substance to be quickly absorbed into the veins of the hemorrhoidal plexus. In addition, candles are made on the basis of cocoa butter or other neutral fat, which simultaneously play the role of a laxative. When there is a chronic anal fissure, combined suppositories are used, containing painkillers and antispasmodics. Preparations in suppositories are used twice a day after defecation.

For more details with instructions for preparations, read the article suppositories for cracks and hemorrhoids.

The role of laxatives in treatment

By making the stool softer and the stool daily, one of the main reasons why there is a crack around the anus can be eliminated. Medications that facilitate bowel movements are divided into the following groups.

Emollients (vaseline and sea buckthorn oils, Norgalax). At home, for problems with the anal sphincter, counter microclysters are used 10 minutes before emptying (100 ml of pasteurized sunflower oil and 200 ml of boiled water at room temperature).
Means that increase the volume of intestinal contents: vegetable based on agar or psyllium (Naturolax, Mucofalk, Fiberlex), based on cellulose (Fiberal, Fibercon).
Polyhydric alcohols: Duphalac, Normaze, Lactulose (standard, non-irritating to the intestines), Sorbitol, Macrogol, Laktiol (see all laxatives).

Fissure of the anus in a child

The immaturity of the child's digestive tract causes the ease with which they have various intestinal dysfunctions and, as a result, cracks appear in the anus. If in babies up to a year the most common crack is the result of diarrhea on the background of dysbacteriosis or intestinal infections, then in older children, as in adults, the main problem is associated with constipation, including neurogenic origin.

Therefore, in parallel with the beginning of the treatment of anal fissures, it is worth taking care of the normalization of intestinal motility and the correction of dysbacteriosis. Without the elimination of these points, the treatment of a crack can be difficult and protracted, which contributes to the chronization of the process and transfers it to the category of surgical problems.

When a sharp crack appears in the anus, the child becomes restless (or cries) when trying to poop. During or after defecation, droplets of bright red blood may be discharged. When these symptoms appear, it is worth showing the child to a pediatrician or pediatric surgeon.

So, the drugs of choice for the treatment of anal fissures are:

children - candles with sea buckthorn

adults - Dexpanthenol, Methyluracil, Aurobin (not pregnant)

as an anesthetic - Anuzol

How to cure anal fissure after childbirth

The cause of a crack in the anus may be childbirth. During the straining period, the pressure in the rectum increases, and the tissues of the perineum are stretched. Since a fissure in childbirth is a trifle that is not taken into account, all problems begin after a couple of days, when pain occurs during defecation. Here you have to resort to laxatives and drugs that are either not absorbed into the blood or do not penetrate into the milk. The most important thing is to get to a specialist doctor as soon as possible in order to get competent recommendations and not to miss hemorrhoids under the mask of an anal fissure.

In general, the treatment tactics are the same as in children under one year old (Duphalac, suppositories with sea buckthorn, Methyluracil). Can be added Posterisan in candles, Emla for the skin of the perianal area, Cathejel gel.

Healing of anal fissures, which exist for more than three months, is very difficult due to keratinization of the edges of the defect and a decrease in metabolic processes in tissues. In such a situation, different options for surgical treatment are indicated.

Surgical treatment

Devulsion - a compromise between surgical and conservative treatment can be the manipulation of anal devulsion. At the same time, under anesthesia, the spasmodic sphincter is expanded, which solves some of the problems. This procedure is not performed in the elderly.
Cryodestruction - there is a variant of cryodestruction of a crack with liquid nitrogen, which is expensive and does not always radically solve the situation (it is difficult to achieve a clear freezing of only pathologically altered tissues).
Sphincterotomy - a classic surgical intervention involves excision of a crack along a plane within healthy tissues. If the crack is combined with spasm of the sphincter, then it is dissected from the inside (sphincterotomy operation). Terms of wound healing - 5-6 days. Up to this point, dressings are made with Levomekol.

Thus, the treatment of an acute anal fissure should be started at the first manifestations. In this case, it is very important to consult a doctor, since symptoms similar to a fissure give hemorrhoidal varicose veins of the rectum and tumors (see which doctor to contact for hemorrhoids and fissures).

zdravotvet.ru

Varieties of pathology

By duration

This ailment can have a different nature of duration. Distinguish quickly passing and long-term proctology. With a fleeting disease, there is a quick and sharp pain of a aching or stabbing character in the anus. Often, pain is transmitted to the hip area and tailbone. The patient complains of discomfort in the perineal region. Because of these symptoms, patients rarely confuse sphincter spasm with a disease of the genitourinary system or diseases of the prostate gland, kidneys.

Prolonged proctalgia is characterized by prolonged paroxysmal pain in the anus.

In the case of prolonged proctalgia, pain bothers for a long time, sometimes even painkillers do not help. Over time, the pain can disappear by itself, and then return again with renewed vigor. The factors that lead to such a pathology often lie in the psycho-emotional state of a person (frequent stress, psychological disorders, etc.). In any case, it is extremely difficult to cope with this disease on your own and it is necessary to consult a proctologist and correct treatment.

Due to the occurrence

Doctors distinguish between primary and secondary proctalgia, depending on the underlying causes of the disease. In the first case, the disease is extremely rare and occurs due to neurotic spasms of the anterior opening and the coccygeal muscle. Secondary proctalgia is promoted by various pathologies of the rectum: hemorrhoids, fissures, tumors that occur in the anal canal. In any case, it is necessary not to delay the diagnosis and start the fight against the symptoms and foci of the disease in time.

Causes of spasms of the sphincter of the rectum

The cause of the disease can be an injury to the anus.

To find out the source of the resulting spasms, you must first understand the structure and function of the anus. There is an external and internal sphincter. The outer part consists of many receptor cells that control and influence the act of defecation. The inner part consists of fibers, it is smooth muscle muscles that a person is not able to control. The muscles are in the shape of a ring. With the help of the inside of the sphincter, feces and gases are held back. In case of damage to this muscle and all internal muscles, spasms and sphincter insufficiency occur.

It is very important to determine the source of the disease and know. how to relax the sphincter of the rectum. The disease is more common in older people due to weak muscles. An unstable emotional state leads to a spasm. Very often, women who are prone to hysteria suffer from this ailment. Spasms of the sphincter occur due to the presence of injuries of the anus, namely:

cracks;
hemorrhoids and hemorrhoidal bump;
tumors;
cholelithiasis;
duodenal ulcer;
pancreatitis.

All these reasons are related to secondary proctalgia. At the same time, the organic state changes and disturbances occur in the anus area. The reasons of this nature include injuries of the anus (difficult childbirth, operations in the anus area). It also happens that the focus of spasms lies in the increased localization of nerve endings in the anus.

Main symptoms

The most common symptoms include pain when emptying the rectum.

Painful sensations can be of a different nature and intensity, it all depends on the type of disease. Sometimes pain disturbs not only the anal passage, but also extends to the coccygeal zone, hip joints and perineum. Painful sensations often occur during bowel movements, but in some cases they are disturbed and just like that. The pain syndrome can disappear after defecation or taking a warm bath.

Sphincteritis of the rectum also occurs not only during the act of defecation, but also in the case of prolonged stress. The situation can also be complicated by the fact that, due to the spasm of the hole that has already arisen, a person begins to worry, which aggravates the situation. Due to the inability to go to the toilet normally, the patient develops mental disorders, he becomes emotionally unstable. Often the patient complains of colic, severe pain of a lingering nature. Due to the fact that the pain is very strong, it can be difficult for a person to determine the exact place of their appearance. Therefore, it is often perceived as a disease of the genitourinary system and the wrong ailment is treated.

If treatment is started on time, then pain symptoms disappear very quickly.

When spasms occur due to hemorrhoids, if there is a crack or other diseases and injuries of the anus, then the pain is associated precisely with the act of defecation. It occurs from the moment when there is a desire to empty and can last another day. A person is afraid of going to the toilet, tries to postpone it until later, which provokes constipation. It is important not to delay going to the doctor if you have these symptoms. It is necessary to start treatment on time and eliminate the insufficiency of the sphincter, which leads to spasms.

Diagnostics

If you suspect a disease of the rectum, you need to contact a proctologist.

First of all, the doctor is interested in the patient's complaints in order to learn more about the lifestyle and find out what the disease is. Perhaps there are intestinal diseases or the patient is worried about frequent colic, in which case the treatment will be complex. Often, previously received injuries are the root cause of the resulting spasms. The doctor finds out if there are diseases of the rectum or genitourinary system, whether the patient suffers from mental disorders or diseases of the nervous system.

If the focus of the disease lies in the primary proctalgia, which is associated with spasms of the smooth muscles of other internal organs, then the patient unknowingly turns to other specialists and undergoes the wrong treatment. If you find colic in the anus or with pain in the external sphincter, you must first contact a proctologist. The doctor will examine the anus, conduct an in-depth examination of the walls of the rectum using retroscopy. If necessary, he will prescribe a colonoscopy of the colon. If mental disorders are noticed, the patient is sent for a consultation with a psychologist or psychotherapist.

Methods of treatment

Self-medication can cause irreparable harm to the health of the whole organism.

Depending on the course of the disease, the symptoms present, the doctor prescribes treatment. In no case should you self-medicate, diagnosis and therapy should be prescribed by an experienced specialist. If the insufficiency of the sphincter is prolonged and aggravated, then surgical intervention is necessary. At the initial stage, drug therapy or the use of folk remedies that are aimed at relieving pain are suitable.

Conservative therapy

This therapy is aimed at eliminating not only the symptoms, but also the focus of the disease. Medicines are able to eliminate inflammatory processes and defects of the mucous membrane. To reduce spasms, antispasmodics, painkillers are prescribed. If the situation is complicated, the doctor prescribes drugs that include light antibiotics. To eliminate constipation, it is necessary to take laxatives, but they should also not be abused.

The expected effect will give only complex treatment.

In the treatment, rectal suppositories or ointments are used ("Relief Advance", "Procto-glivenol", "Ultraprokt" and others). There are also candles, which include natural ingredients (belladonna, sea buckthorn). To relax and reduce spasms, it is worth taking warm baths. Doctors also prescribe procedures such as electrosleep, microclysters using anti-inflammatory oil products. The root cause of constipation can be colic or intestinal dysbacteriosis, so it is worthwhile to deal with their treatment.

Operative therapy

If conservative therapy has not brought the desired result, and spasms continue to disturb and sphincter insufficiency is noticed, then surgical intervention is necessary. This procedure is called a sphincterotomy. With its help, the muscles of the external sphincter are partially dissected, which relaxes the smooth muscles of the muscles. This procedure is more aimed at relieving pain.

Folk methods

In folk medicine, herbal enemas and thermal baths are used. Chamomile is best for making an enema. The recipe is simple: you need to pour one tablespoon of medicinal chamomile flowers with boiled water (200 ml) and leave to infuse for more than an hour. An enema is filled with this decoction and used for 10 days.

Warm baths with a small amount of potassium permanganate also bring a noticeable effect. The method is used twice a day for half an hour, the therapy lasts for 2 weeks. The most suitable time for the procedure is in the evening, the bath will help relieve spasm and relax the external sphincter. Do not forget that folk remedies can be used only with the permission of a doctor, so as not to cause even more harm to health.

pishchevarenie.ru

What is an anal fissure?

A rectal fissure is a rupture of the mucous membrane in the anus. The damage occurs in a tissue called an adenorm. It lines the anus and contains a large number of sensory nerve endings and small blood vessels. That is why anal fissures are very painful and their appearance is often accompanied by bleeding.

In the acute development of the disease, the fissure looks like a linear rupture; in the chronic course of the disease, due to inflammation and swelling of the tissues, the rupture takes the form of a deep ulcer. Tears most often appear in the anterior or posterior part of the anus and range in length from a few millimeters to 2 cm. A fissure is considered "acute" if the disease lasts no more than 6 weeks. An anal fissure that does not heal for a longer time is considered chronic.

Reasons for the development of the disease

Proctologists identify several main causes of anal fissures:

mechanical injury. It can occur due to the passage of compacted feces during constipation or as a result of a foreign body entering the rectum. Sometimes the cause of the injury is anal intercourse.
Inflammatory diseases of the gastrointestinal tract. The risk of a crack is significantly increased with cholecystitis, gastritis. Often the cause of the disease is constipation or diarrhea, which causes irritation of the mucous membrane and bacterial contamination of erosions.
Haemorrhoids. Hemorrhoids during defecation are easily injured, and due to circulatory disorders, thrombosis and blood stagnation, the walls of the anus are significantly weakened, which leads to the appearance of anal fissures.
Pregnancy and childbirth. During pregnancy, the uterus constantly presses on the perineum. This disrupts the nutrition of the mucous membrane and leads to increased vulnerability of the rectum.
Pathological spasm of the rectum. Long-term increased tone of the rectum leads to its exsanguination and disruption of innervation. In this case, the disease takes a chronic form.
Sedentary lifestyle or vice versa, excessive physical activity
Weakening of the pelvic muscles
Frequent and uncontrolled use of laxatives

In children, the appearance of an anal fissure is most often associated with a disease of helminthic invasions (helminthiasis). The worms lay their eggs in the anus, causing severe itching, while the lower part of the intestine becomes inflamed and swollen. A child, combing the anal area, can injure the mucous membrane, and during the act of defecation, the gap will be aggravated.

Symptoms

The main symptom of an anal fissure is severe pain in the anus, which appears during a bowel movement and continues after a bowel movement for some time. With chronic anal fissure, the pain is less intense, but more prolonged and can occur not only with bowel movements, but also with prolonged sitting.

Another symptom of both acute and chronic anal fissure is bleeding from the anus. Bleeding is usually insignificant, the blood is scarlet in color. Its appearance is due to the fact that dense fecal masses injure damaged areas of the intestine.

A characteristic symptom of the disease is difficulty in defecation, caused by intense pain. Pain during the passage of hardened feces can be so severe that anal spasm can reflexively occur. In the chronic course of the disease, there may be a fear of defecation, which only complicates the patient's situation due to constipation. In advanced cases, when emptying the intestines, pus may be released from the anus.

Painful sensations give a person considerable discomfort, cause irritability and insomnia. Often there may be pain in the perineum and sacrum, leading to urination disorders.

Treatment - basic methods

Anal fissure treatment consists of a whole range of measures. This is the observance of a special diet, the use of medications (suppositories, ointments) and, if necessary, surgical treatment. The purpose of the ongoing therapeutic measures is:

Elimination of pain
Relieve constipation or eliminate chronic diarrhea
Removal of inflammation and healing of the mucosa
Treatment of diseases, concomitant pathologies

In order to establish regular soft stools, the patient is prescribed a milk-vegetable diet. Vegetables and fruits contain fiber, which increases intestinal motility and helps the body get rid of waste products. Dairy products containing beneficial lactobacilli help restore normal microflora. Flour, spicy, salty, fried foods and alcoholic beverages are excluded from the diet.

For breakfast, patients are recommended to eat vegetable salads seasoned with vegetable oil. This will force the gastrointestinal tract to work actively and relieve constipation. During the day it is useful to eat apples, carrots, boiled beets, dried apricots, prunes. With constipation, ordinary fish oil is excellent, in addition, doctors advise taking drugs containing lactulose (dufalac, prelaxan) and probiotics (lactobacterin, linex).

Treatment of a rectal fissure with drugs

With a conservative method of treating a crack, painkillers and anti-inflammatory drugs (rectal suppositories, ointments and gels) are effective. A positive result is given by microclysters with a weak antiseptic solution and warm sitz baths. It is recommended to add decoctions of herbs to warm water: chamomile, yarrow, sage.

Spasm of the sphincter is helped to remove local anesthetics (Relief candles) and antispasmodics (No-shpa). Inflammation is perfectly relieved by suppositories with sea buckthorn, with methyluracil or benzocaine, rectal suppositories Gepatrombin G. To facilitate defecation and healing of the mucosa, suppositories with glycerin are prescribed. In most cases, drug therapy gives a positive result.

But in some cases, in the chronic course of the disease, which is accompanied by the growth of scar tissue, more drastic measures are needed. In these cases, doctors are forced to resort to surgical methods of treatment.

Surgical treatment of anal fissure - excision surgery

In the case of a persistent chronic course of the disease and the formation of a significant mucosal defect, they resort to a classical surgical operation, which is performed under general anesthesia. Its essence lies in the dissection of the sphincter and excision of the crack, followed by suturing the wound. After the operation, anti-inflammatory therapy is carried out for a month. At the same time, it is imperative to follow a diet that helps to achieve soft stools and eliminate constipation.

In milder cases, an operation to eliminate an anal fissure is performed using modern minimally invasive methods, which include cryodestruction and surgical laser surgery. These are bloodless operations that do not require general anesthesia and a long period of recovery in a hospital. Let us consider in more detail how the laser treatment procedure is carried out.

This operation involves the excision of the crack with a semiconductor surgical laser. The operation is done under local anesthesia. A rectal speculum and a swab soaked in an antiseptic are inserted into the patient's anus. The crack is captured with a clamp and it is excised using a laser. When spasms of the sphincter appear, a sphincterotomy is performed.

Dissection of the muscle fibers of the anus eliminates the occurrence of relapses. After the procedure, a tampon soaked in antiseptics is inserted into the anus, after each bowel movement, antiseptic treatment is performed and the patient's nutrition and stool are monitored.

Improvement in the patient's condition is noted already on the next day after the operation, and complete healing of the wound occurs in a month. The advantages of the laser method are the short duration of the operation, minimal trauma and blood loss, the insignificance of pain and the absence of edema in the postoperative period. In addition, the likelihood of complications and relapses of the disease is reduced, and a rapid recovery of the patient's health and ability to work is noted.

In any case, whether it is a conservative or surgical method, the method of treatment is selected by a specialist individually, taking into account the patient's condition and the stage of the disease. If symptoms of the disease occur, it is better not to self-medicate, but to seek advice from a proctologist in time, he will help to avoid unwanted complications and cope with the disease.

Folk remedies

In the treatment of rectal fissures, folk remedies give a good effect in combination with drugs. Various herbal decoctions, infusions, therapeutic baths, microclysters are widely used. To improve the functioning of the digestive tract, they brew and drink medicinal teas based on chamomile, St. John's wort, and sage. With prolonged constipation, bran, fish oil, plant foods and sour-milk products help fight.

Therapeutic bath. For its preparation, 4 heads of onions are poured into 500 ml. milk and simmer. Hot broth is poured into a container, which is closed with a lid with a hole. To avoid burns, make sure that the steam is not too hot. The patient should position himself above the hole in such a way that the fumes fall on the affected area. The procedure can be done once a week, it is enough to sit over the steam for 10-15 minutes.
Infusion of sweet clover. To prepare it, a tablespoon of herbs is steamed with 200 ml of boiling water and allowed to brew for two hours. The infusion is drunk warm, 1/3 cup three times a day.
Quince poultices. They are considered the most effective means of giving a quick cure. Wet poultices are made from quince pulp or its juice. The procedure can be done daily.
Herbal candles. Recommend for the treatment of neglected rectal fissures. To prepare candles, take a teaspoon of plantain, motherwort, and chamomile flowers. About 150 g of beeswax is melted, the prepared herbal mixture is poured into it and mixed thoroughly. From the resulting mass, 10 pieces of candles are made. They relieve itching and inflammation well. Store candles in the refrigerator.

Separately, it is necessary to dwell on the need to comply with mandatory hygiene measures in the treatment of anal fissure. After each bowel movement, the anus should be washed with cool water and only soft toilet paper should be used. With exacerbations of the disease, it is recommended to completely abandon toilet paper, replacing it with washing.

If pain occurs in the anus, it is necessary to understand how to recognize a spasm of the sphincter. This pathology is characterized by involuntary contractions of smooth muscles located in the anus. Today we will talk about the symptoms and treatment of this disease.

You can observe spasms with injuries of the anus, the presence of diseases of the rectum, vegetative disorders. Violation of the intestines and colic can also lead to the development of pathology. This ailment is also called rectal sphincteritis, since its symptoms are similar to hemorrhoids, but sphincter insufficiency can still be observed. During illness, a person will experience pain in the anus, which can spread to the perineum, coccyx or abdomen. Pathology can be classified by duration and cause of occurrence.

Classification by duration

This disease can have a different duration. Pathology is distinguished between long-term and rapidly passing. If the disease is fleeting, you can observe a sharp pain of a stabbing or aching nature in the anus. Often, pain is given to the coccyx or hip area. The patient may complain of pain in the perineum. Patients often confuse such symptoms with a disease of the kidneys, prostate gland or genitourinary system.

If the spasm of the rectal sphincter does not go away for a long period, severe pain bothers you, and sometimes even painkillers do not help, then you should urgently go to the hospital. After some time, the pain may go away on its own, but then return with greater force. The factors leading to such a pathology are often hidden in the psychological and emotional state of a person (psychological disorders, frequent stress, etc.). It should be noted that it is incredibly difficult to cope with this disease on your own, and you need to seek the advice of a proctologist to prescribe the correct treatment.

Classification by reason of occurrence

Depending on the cause of the disease, experts distinguish between secondary and primary proctalgia. Primary is very rare and develops due to neurotic spasms of the coccygeal muscle and anus. Secondary proctalgia develops with concomitant pathologies of the rectum: tumors, fissures and hemorrhoids that occur in the anal canal. You should not delay contacting a doctor and conducting a diagnosis for the timely elimination of symptoms of a disease such as anal sphincter spasm.

Causes

To identify the cause of spasms, you first need to understand the functions and structure of the anus. The sphincter is internal and external, its external part is made up of many receptor cells that influence and control the act of defecation. The inner part is fibrous. This muscle is smooth muscle, having an annular shape, and it cannot be controlled by a person. The interior helps keep gas and stool out. If the musculature and all internal muscles are damaged, there will be insufficiency and spasm of the sphincter.

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Determining the source of the disease and knowing how to relax the rectal sphincter are very important. Most often, this disease affects the elderly due to weak muscles. An unstable emotional state leads to the manifestation of a spasm, and therefore this ailment often becomes a companion of women prone to hysterical seizures. Also, sphincteritis occurs in the presence of injuries of the anus, for example, as a result of pancreatitis, duodenal ulcers, fissures, cholelithiasis, tumors, hemorrhoidal bumps and hemorrhoids.

All these reasons are attributed to secondary proctalgia. They lead to disturbances in the area of the anal passage and a change in the organic state. Such reasons include trauma to the anus during operations in the anus or difficult childbirth. It happens that the increased localization of nerve endings in the region of the anus hides the focus of spasms.

Spasm of the sphincter: the main symptoms

Depending on the type of pathology, pain can be of a different nature and intensity. Sometimes painful sensations disturb not only the anus, but also extend to the perineum, coccygeal zone and hip joints. Most often, pain occurs during bowel movements, but there are times when it bothers just like that. After a warm bath or a bowel movement, the pain syndrome may disappear.

Spasm of the sphincter of the rectum also occurs with prolonged stress. Complicate the situation of experiencing the patient after the onset of manifestations of sphincteritis. If a person cannot empty himself normally, he may develop a mental disorder, as a result of which the patient will be emotionally unstable. Often you can hear from the patient complaints of severe pulling pains or colic. Since the painful sensations are strong enough, a person is lost in determining their exact location and may perceive them as a disease of the genitourinary system and begin treatment for a completely different ailment. With timely therapy, pain symptoms can be eliminated very quickly.

What other symptoms of sphincter spasm are there? If spasms occur due to hemorrhoids, the presence of a fissure or other diseases, as well as trauma to the anus, pain is associated with the act of defecation. It occurs from the moment the desire to go to the toilet appears and can last for a day. The patient begins to be afraid of the process of emptying and tries to endure, postpone it, thereby causing constipation. The most important thing here is to immediately consult a doctor at the first symptoms and start treatment in time so that the sphincter deficiency leading to spasms is eliminated.

Diagnostics

First, the specialist should inquire about what the patient is complaining about in order to find out what kind of lifestyle he leads and what is the cause of the disease. Maybe a person has bowel disease, or he is tormented by constant colic, which will cause the appointment of complex treatment. Often, injuries that have been received earlier can serve as the root cause of spasms. The doctor must find out if the patient has diseases of the nervous system, mental disorders, pathologies of the genitourinary system or rectum.

When the focus of the disease is primary proctalgia associated with spasm of the smooth muscles of the internal organs, the patient may unknowingly turn to the wrong specialist and receive incorrect treatment. First of all, with pain in the sphincter or colic in the anus, it is necessary to contact a proctologist. The specialist will examine the anus and in-depth study of the walls of the rectum through rectoscopy. If necessary, a colonoscopy of the colon will be scheduled. The patient may be sent to a psychotherapist or psychologist if the doctor has noticed mental disorders.

Sphincter spasm treatment

Treatment is prescribed depending on the symptoms present and the course of the disease. Under no circumstances should you self-medicate; therapy and diagnostics should be prescribed by an experienced specialist. If the sphincteritis has become aggravated or lasts long enough, you will have to resort to surgical intervention. At the initial stage, drug therapy or treatment with folk remedies aimed at relieving pain may be suitable.

Conservative therapy

Such treatment is aimed at eliminating both the symptoms and the focus of the disease. Medications will help stop mucosal defects and inflammation, and in order to reduce spasms, painkillers and antispasmodics are prescribed. In case of complications, the doctor may prescribe medications with light antibiotics in the composition. To eliminate constipation, you need to take laxatives, but you should not abuse them.

During therapy, rectal ointments or suppositories are used (Ultraprokt, Proctoglivenol, Relief Advance and others). In addition, there are suppositories with natural ingredients - sea buckthorn, belladonna. Warm baths can help relieve cramps and help you relax. Also, the doctor may prescribe microclysters with anti-inflammatory oil agents and electrosleep. Constipation may appear in connection with intestinal dysbacteriosis or colic, and therefore they should be treated. Spasm of the sphincter of the bladder is also possible. This is also pretty annoying. As a result, urine is thrown into the ureters, which causes an inflammatory process.

Do not forget about personal hygiene: washing the anus in the morning and evening and after each emptying, so that the toilet paper does not irritate or injure the mucous membrane. Diet is an important factor. It is necessary to reduce the consumption of allergenic foods, smoked meats, salty, spicy, eggs, cottage cheese, meat and fish to a minimum so as not to irritate the mucous membrane of the digestive tract. It is also worth giving up fried and fatty foods, fruits and raw vegetables (carrots, apples, cabbage, potatoes, strawberries and plums). You need to know how to relieve sphincter spasm.

Operative therapy

In the absence of the result of the use of conservative therapy and the continuation of spasms and insufficiency of the sphincter, one will have to resort to surgical intervention. This procedure is called a sphincterotomy. It is carried out with the help of a partial dissection of the muscles of the external sphincter, which causes relaxation of the smooth muscles. To a greater extent, this procedure is prescribed to relieve pain.

Such an operation is performed in the case when there is a spasm of the sphincter of Oddi - a muscular valve located in the duodenum. It is also called postcholecystectomy syndrome, as a result of which the normal outflow of bile is disturbed.

Folk methods

Traditional medicine uses thermal baths and herbal enemas. An enema is best prepared using chamomile. Warm baths with the addition of a certain amount of potassium permanganate have a good effect. However, do not forget that it is better to use folk remedies after the permission of the doctor in order to avoid causing even more harm to health.

Quite common now are various diseases of the rectum, and as a result, defects in the anal sphincter. One of these ailments is sphincter spasm.

Anal sphincter and its structure

Spasm of the anal sphincter causes a lot of inconvenience

The main function of the anal sphincter is to control the excretion of what is contained in the intestines. The sphincter consists of two parts:

internal sphincter
external sphincter

If we talk about the internal sphincter, then this is a kind of ring structure, which consists of smooth muscles. This system surrounds the output channel. The length of the internal sphincter is about twenty-five to thirty millimeters, and the width is five millimeters.

This part of the sphincter is different in that its action does not depend on the consciousness of a person, in other words, muscle contraction is carried out by itself. In the normal state, the muscle is always contracted, and relaxation occurs only in the process of irritation of the rectum.

The internal sphincter has an important function, namely, it is designed to keep all the contents of the intestine inside, and it also does not allow gases to escape voluntarily. This function contains several levels:

First of all, this is the so-called intramural level.
Then comes the spinal level
The third level is suprasegmental, which is located in certain parts of the brain.

The first two levels can operate thanks to the vegetative system. Special fibers allow the muscles of the internal sphincter to always be in a reduced form and work for some inhibition and weakening of the motor activity of the rectum itself. The external sphincter is also presented in the form of a ring system, however, in this case, the system consists of striated muscles. These muscles, unlike the internal sphincter, are controlled by human consciousness. The outer part of the muscles is formed by three main layers:

Muscles that are located under the skin and look like a ring system
The second layer is the superficial musculature. It is an elliptical muscle that attaches to the coccyx.
And the final layer is the so-called deep muscle, which is closely associated with the pubic-rectal muscles.

The length of this part is eight to ten centimeters, the thickness is about two and a half centimeters.

In the outer part of the muscles there are special stretch receptors. Thanks to such receptors, a person is able to control the output of feces, its quantity and consistency.

Sphincter function defects

Do not be shy about visiting a proctologist!

The anal sphincter may have some defects. As a rule, these are functional insufficiency and painful spasms. Sphincter insufficiency is manifested mainly in the fact that the muscles lose their ability to hold the contents of the rectum.

In a normal, healthy state, the sphincter is able to hold masses when coughing, changing the location of the human body, sneezing, as well as during various kinds of physical exertion. If we talk about spasm, then in the vast majority of cases it occurs when the patient has anal fissures.

Sphincter spasms - development, causes and symptoms

Severe pain can occur due to irritation and inflammation of the mucous membrane. Most often, this kind of pain occurs in patients with anal fissure, which exists for quite a long time. Pain later develops into muscle spasm. In addition, in this case, muscle spasm creates a vicious circle: feces that inevitably fall into the fissure cause pain and even more inflammation, which leads to the development of spasms, which in turn cause increased pain and the appearance of new spasms.

It should be said that the most common cause of painful spasms are various kinds of injuries. Often, the culprit of the disease is hemorrhoids, the hemorrhoids of which are located inside. In addition, the cause may be a certain kind of purulent inflammation that develops around the rectum.

The most important symptom in the occurrence of spasms of the sphincter is acute pain in the anus. They appear in the process of defecation, and can also increase significantly throughout the process. Other symptoms that manifest themselves during spasm cannot be called specific for this disease. Very often, such diseases are accompanied by bleeding. However, in this case, the spasm contributes to squeezing of the vessels, thereby accelerating the stop of bleeding and significantly reducing it.

Also, constant severe pain during defecation makes the patient postpone this process as long as possible, which ultimately leads to the development of constipation.

Treatment of sphincter spasm symptoms

Hemorrhoids as a cause of sphincter spasm

The most common treatment for sphincter spasm is the use of local anesthetics, namely rectal suppositories. In addition, you can do warm sitz baths and take analgesics and antispasmodics. In baths, you can add decoctions from a variety of herbs that have an analgesic effect.

In order to slightly relax the anal sphincter, you can use medications that contain nitroglycerin in their composition. The most popular remedy is nitroglycerin ointment. It should be noted that the removal of pain is not a solution to the problem. With this disease, it is necessary to treat the pathology itself, which causes spasms. As a rule, such a pathology is a rectal fissure.

Based on the above, we can conclude that, despite the seemingly minor symptoms, the disease is quite serious. Treatment of the disease should be comprehensive and aimed not only at eliminating pain, but also at getting rid of the very cause of their occurrence. Treatment of sphincter spasms should not be postponed, as this can lead to serious consequences.

Hemorrhoids as a cause of anal sphincter spasm. Once again about this disease in the video:

Recently, rectal sphincteritis has become as common or even more common than hemorrhoids.

This is a sphincter disease characterized by inflammation of the mucosa of the obturatoris oris muscle.

This kind of disease is very dangerous and unpleasant for a person, because the sphincter performs a rather important function in the body.

From this article you can find out what sphincteritis is, its symptoms and how it is treated.

More about rectal disease

The sphincter consists of two parts - external and internal. The outer part is, of course, outside - a person is able to control it.

The inner part is the muscle that is located around the anal canal. This muscle is not controlled by a person, that is, it contracts involuntarily.

Its function is to keep secretions and gases in the intestines until a person decides to go to the toilet and begins to push.

The outer part is designed to facilitate the process of defecation and make it under the control of the human mind.

Due to the structural features and functions, the causes that can cause sphincteritis are different.

For example, a viral disease of the gastrointestinal tract or gastritis can lead to it. For obvious reasons, people with rectal injuries and anal fissures suffer from sphincteritis.

Homosexuals and other people who practice anal sex are often at risk. There is a high risk of getting sick in people suffering from hemorrhoids, intestinal dysbacteriosis and who have ever had oncological complications in the rectum.

Like many other diseases, sphincteritis can be caused by the wrong diet.

So, excessive consumption of fatty and smoked, as well as excessive alcohol consumption, can lead to a sad result.

In general, diseases of the digestive system make you a potential patient, especially chronic diseases such as cholecystitis and pancreatitis.

People suffering from chronic diseases, from sphincteritis, most likely, will save the right diet and, of course, a timely visit to the doctor.

Another reason for the development of sphincteritis may be hereditary autoimmune diseases or frequent hypothermia.

There is a high chance of developing sphincteritis if the organs adjacent to the sphincter are inflamed or if the person has previously had problems with bowel movements.

Symptoms of the disease do not depend on the causes that caused it. One of the main manifestations of the disease is pain that appears during bowel movements.

The pain can spread to other organs, and later spread to the anus, which begins to burn and itch.

Sufficiently serious symptoms can be seen literally with the naked eye, because they include false urges to the toilet, and most importantly, a change in the color of feces and urine.

Feces, as a rule, brighten, sometimes covered with mucus and sometimes contain streaks, while urine, on the contrary, darkens.

Some symptoms can, unfortunately, be confused with a cold. For example, the patient's temperature rises to 38 degrees and is accompanied by weakness.

Colic also appears, which some confuse with hepatic. They are especially aggravated after eating. Sometimes there is nausea and vomiting.

An ailment of the rectum is occasionally accompanied by diseases of the liver. In this case, their symptoms complement each other - for example, jaundice or a bitter taste in the mouth may appear.

It must be added that the symptoms of acute sphincteritis of the rectum are pronounced and cause more inconvenience, but acute sphincteritis is treated faster than chronic.

Patients suffering from the chronic form of the disease suffer less symptoms, but their treatment is longer.

Varieties of sphincteritis

There are three types of rectal sphincteritis. Although their symptoms are similar, they have slight differences that are obvious to specialists. Each variant of the disease requires a specific treatment, so it is very important to distinguish between them.

Catarrhal sphincteritis of the rectum is called the first stage of the disease, during which the symptoms are not very pronounced and can be stopped if timely treatment is provided.

It does not last long, about a couple of days, representing a slight abrasion of the anus. Microcracks and a small amount of pus are possible.

Catarrhal sphincteritis can easily develop into chronic if treatment is not provided on time, largely due to feces that infect and increase microcracks, exacerbating the processes of suppuration.

Erosive sphincteritis of the rectum develops from catarrhal. Infection of microcracks leads to the formation of ulcers and abscesses.

The disease spreads deep into the rectum, along with pus, blood may begin to be released, the processes of defecation and urination become even more painful and are sometimes accompanied by bleeding.

If the treatment of erosive sphincteritis of the rectum is not carried out on time, then the patient may develop peritonitis.

Anal sphincteritis, unlike erosive and catarrhal sphincteritis, is not a stage of the disease, but its localization.

All processes, whether infection or suppuration, do not spread beyond the anus, do not affect any part of the rectum.

Symptoms of anal sphincteritis resemble hemorrhoids, the difference with which is that all organs remain in place and do not fall out. Anal sphincteritis is usually accompanied by burning and swelling.

Absolutely any form and stage of sphincteritis requires that the treatment be carried out on time, otherwise complications can cause much more inconvenience and pain.

So, for example, pancreatitis, hepatitis or jaundice can become the result of untimely treatment.

Diagnosis and therapy of the disease

An important part of the diagnosis is a general medical examination. Of particular importance are the medical history of the gastrointestinal tract.

On examination, you can identify the symptoms of the disease, helping to establish a diagnosis. However, in order to choose the right treatment, it is not enough to make a diagnosis; it is important to consider the cause of the disease.

Therefore, in addition to a general examination, it is necessary to prescribe tests and conduct laboratory tests.

To collect all the necessary data to help establish the cause of the appearance of rectal sphincteritis, it is necessary to take a blood test (in order to determine the presence of inflammatory processes by the number of leukocytes), donate feces, since not all changes in the texture of feces are obvious to a layman, and, finally, check the functioning of the liver and bile ducts.

Treatment strictly depends on the cause of the disease. Assign a diet containing a smaller amount of fatty, spicy, fried and smoked. Alcohol is completely excluded from the diet, some raw fruits, such as apples.

Soap must either not be used at all, or replaced with a decoction of herbs such as chamomile and oak bark.

And finally, medications are prescribed. Usually these are medicines for spasms and inflammation, as well as choleretic and painkillers.

In especially severe cases, when treatment with drugs does not work, an operation is performed.

In the early stages, the disease can be cured on its own. The anus can be treated with potassium permanganate or chamomile decoction, making baths with them or injecting them into the rectum with an enema.

Usually, treatment with baths takes two weeks, and in order to get rid of the disease with enemas, you need to repeat them 10 to 15 times.

The most important thing to remember about rectal sphincteritis is that the disease is quite easy to cure if it is not started.

You can avoid the disease by eating a balanced diet and not overdoing it with alcohol. And, of course, you need to monitor your health and not delay going to the doctor.

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