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BIM solutions. BIM technologies in design: what is usually understood by this. How much is it

BIM (Building Information Modeling or Building Information Model) - building information modeling or building information model.

1. What is Building Information Modeling

The turn of the late 20th - early 21st centuries, associated with the rapid acceleration of the development of information technology, was finally marked by the emergence of a fundamentally new approach in architectural and construction design, which consists in creating a computer model of a new building that contains all the information about the future object. This has become a natural human reaction to the radically changed information saturation of the life around us.

In modern conditions, it has become completely impossible to effectively handle the huge (and steadily increasing) flow of “information for thought” that has come to the designers before and accompanies the design itself. And the design result is also saturated with information that must be stored in a form that is convenient for use.

The flow of such information does not stop even after the building has already been designed and built, since a new object, entering the operation stage, interacts with other objects and the external environment (urban infrastructure).

In addition, with the commissioning, the internal life support processes of the structure are also launched, that is, it begins, saying modern language, the active phase of the "life cycle" of the building.

Such an information "challenge" of the modern world around us demanded a serious response from the intellectual and technical community. And it followed in the form of the appearance of the concept building information modeling.

Initially emerging in the design environment and having received wide and very successful practical application in the creation of new objects, this concept, however, quickly stepped over the boundaries established for it, and now building information modeling means much more than just a new method in design.

Now it is also a fundamentally different approach to the construction, equipping, maintenance and repair of a building, to managing the life cycle of an object, including its economic component, to managing the man-made environment that surrounds us.

This is a changed attitude towards buildings and structures in general.

Finally, this is our new look at the world and rethinking the ways in which man influences this world.

1.1. What is meant by BIM

(from the English Building Informational Modeling), abbreviated BIM isprocess, which results in the formationbuilding information model(from the English Building Informational Model), also abbreviated as BIM.

Thus, at each stage of the information modeling process, we have some kind of information model that reflects the amount of information about the building processed at that moment. Moreover, an exhaustive information model of a building does not exist in principle, since we can always supplement the model available at some point in time with new information. The process of information modeling, like any process carried out by a person, at each stage solves some tasks assigned to its executors. And the information model of the building every time is the result of solving these problems.

If we now turn to the internal content of the term, then today there are several of its definitions, which in their main semantic part coincide, while differing in nuances.

It seems that this situation is primarily due to the fact that different specialists who contributed to the development of BIM came to the concept of building information modeling in different ways, and over a long period of time.

And building information modeling itself today is a relatively young, new and constantly evolving phenomenon. In many ways, its content is determined not by theoretical conclusions, but by everyday global practice. So the BIM development process is still very far from its logical conclusion. This leads to the fact that some understand the BIM model as performance result, for other BIMs it is modeling process, some define and consider BIM in terms of practical implementation factors, and some generally define this concept through its negation, explaining in detail what “not BIM” is.

Without going into a detailed analysis, it can be noted that almost all currently existing approaches to the definition of BIM are equivalent, that is, they consider the same phenomenon (technology) in design and construction activities.

In particular, any model assumes the presence process its creation, and in turn, any creative process involves result.

Moreover, the existing "theoretical" discrepancies in the definitions do not prevent any of the participants in the discussions around the concept of BIM to work fruitfully, as soon as it comes to its practical application.

The purpose of our book is to convey to the reader the essence of building information modeling, so we will pay less attention to the formal side of the issue, at times “mixing” different formulations and appealing to common sense and intuitive understanding of what is happening.

Now let's formulate the definitions, which, from the point of view of the author, most accurately reveal the very essence of the concept of BIM. In some ways we will repeat ourselves, but I think this will only benefit the reader.

Building Information Modeling(BIM) is process, as a result of which at each stage it is created (developed and improved) building information model(also BIM).

Historically, the abbreviation BIM has been used in two cases at once: for the process and for the model. As a rule, there is no confusion, since there is always a context. But if the situation still becomes controversial, we must remember that the process is primary, and the model is secondary, that is, BIM is primarily a process.

Building information model(BIM) is information suitable for computer processing about a projected or already existing building object, while:
1) properly coordinated, consistent and interconnected,
2) having a geometric reference,
3) suitable for calculations and analysis,
4) allowing necessary updates.

In simple terms, a building information model is some kind of database about this building, managed using an appropriate computer program. This information is primarily intended for and may be used to:
1) making specific design decisions,
2) calculation of units and components of the building,
3) predicting the performance of an object,
4) creation project documentation,
5) preparation of estimates and construction plans,
6) ordering and manufacturing of materials and equipment,
7) building erection management,
8) operation management throughout the entire life cycle of the facility,
9) management of the building as an object of commercial activity,
10) design and management of the reconstruction or repair of the building,
11) demolition and disposal of the building,
12) other purposes related to the building.

This definition is most consistent with the current approach to the concept of BIM by many developers of computer-aided design tools based on building information modeling.

Schematically, the information related to BIM, entering the model, stored and processed in this model and obtained from it for further use, is shown in Fig. 2-1-1.

Rice. 2-1-1. Basic information that passes through BIM and is directly related to BIM

1.2. Brief history of terminology

The term BIM appeared in the lexicon of specialists relatively recently, although the very concept of computer modeling with the maximum consideration of all information about the object began to take shape and take on concrete shape much earlier, back in the era of the formation of CAD systems.

Since the end of the 20th century, the concept of BIM as a new approach to design has been gradually “maturing” within the then rapidly developing design automation systems.

concept building information model was first proposed to the general public by Georgia Institute of Technology professor Chuck Eastman in 1975 in the journal of the American Institute of Architects (AIA) under the working title Building Description System(Building Description System), although a year earlier it had already appeared in a scientific report published by him.

In the late 1970s and early 1980s, this concept developed in parallel in the Old and New Worlds, with the most commonly used term in the United States "Building Product Model", and in Europe (especially in Finland) - "Product Information Model".

At the same time, both times the word product emphasized the primary orientation of researchers' attention to the design object, and not to the process. It can be assumed that a simple linguistic combination of these two names led to the birth of modern Building Information Model(Information model of the building).

In parallel, in the development of approaches to building information modeling by Europeans in the mid-1980s, the German term Bauinformatik and Dutch Gebouwmodel, which in translation also corresponded to English Building Model or Building Information Model.

But most importantly, these linguistic convergences of terminology were accompanied by the development of a single content of the concepts used, which ultimately led to the first appearance in scientific literature in 1992 the term "Building Information Model" in its current content.

Somewhat earlier, in 1986, the Englishman Robert Aish, a man of difficult fate (at that time involved in the creation of the RUCAPS program, then for a long period - an employee of Bentley Systems, then moved to Autodesk), in his article for the first time used term Building Modeling in its current understanding as the process of building information modeling. But, more importantly, at the same time he first formulated the basic principles of this informational approach to design, which now form the basis of the BIM concept:

three-dimensional modeling;
automatic receipt of drawings;
intelligent parameterization of objects;
sets of design data corresponding to objects; distribution of the construction process by time stages, etc.

Robert Aish illustrated the new design approach he described with an example of the successful application of the RUCAPS architectural modeling software package in the reconstruction of Terminal 3 at London Heathrow Airport.

The RUCAPS (Really Universal Computer Aided Production System) program has been developed in England since the late 1970s for architectural design on minicomputers manufactured by Prime Computer or Digital Equipment Corporation (DEC). By modern standards, it can be attributed to 2.5D systems, since the model itself was shown as three-dimensional, but the main elements (walls, windows, doors, etc.) were used only on flat views of plans or facades (a tribute rather than to the classical approach in design, but insufficient development of computer technology at that time). But all the views were interconnected, so that changes in one of them were automatically transferred to the others. Simply put, the model was perceived as a whole, and was not a set of autonomous flat drawings requiring individual refinement.

Apparently, this experience of 30 years ago should be considered as the first case of using the BIM methodology (still in its initial form) in the world design and construction practice.

Since about 2002, thanks to the efforts of many authors and enthusiasts of a new approach to design, in particular, the architect and strategist of Autodesk's industrial development Phil Bernstein (Phil Bernstein) and the popularizer of the BIM idea Jerry Laiserin, the concept Building Information Modeling introduced into use and leading software developers (Autodesk, Bentley Systems, Graphisoft and some others), and they made the concept of BIM one of the key in their terminology.

It looks like the software developers don't care Model this or Modeling- as long as it works, because programs combine both the process and the result. For designers or workers at a construction site, this difference also seems insignificant.

In the future, the abbreviation BIM firmly entered the lexicon of specialists in computer design technologies and became widely used, and now the whole world knows it.

By the way, we talk all the time about buildings- this is a variant of the translation of the word Building into Russian, although the meaning of BIM is also suitable here structures(bridges, embankments, moorings, roads, pipelines, etc.) too. Therefore, it is more correct to understand BIM as “information modeling of buildings and structures”, but for brevity we will only talk about buildings, understanding buildings in a “generalized” sense.

Historically (and economically), some developers computer programs, essentially related to building information modeling, in addition to the currently generally accepted terminology, they also use their own concepts.

For example, the Hungarian company Graphisoft, the creator of the ArchiCAD package, widely used among architects, introduced the concept of VB (Virtual Building) back in 1987 - "Virtual building", which, in essence, has something in common with BIM, and put this concept into its program, thus making ArchiCAD practically the first BIM application in the world.

Sometimes you can find phrases similar in meaning to electronic construction (e-construction) or virtual design and construction(VDC - Virtual Design and Construction), and in the United States, the term CIM (Civil Integrated Management) is also widely used in relation to infrastructure facilities.

And yet, today, the abbreviation BIM, which has already received universal recognition and the widest distribution in the world, is considered dominant in the field of design and construction.

There are also terms that highlight individual sections of building information modeling. In particular, Bentley Systems has introduced and is actively using the term BrIM (Bridge Information Modeling - information modeling of bridges), which clarifies the BIM concept for this type of structure.

The PLM (Product Lifecycle Management) concept formulated by Dassault Systemes in 1998 is very close to BIM. product lifecycle management, which today has already become fundamental in industrial production and which is actively used by almost the entire industry of machine-building CAD.

The PLM concept assumes that a single information base is being formed that describes the three main components of creating something new according to the scheme Product - Processes - Resources, as well as specifying the links between these components.

The presence of such an integrated model provides the ability to quickly and efficiently link and optimize the entire specified chain that combines the design, production and operation of the product.

At the same time, in the PLM concept, all kinds of technically complex objects can be considered as products: aircraft and ships, cars and rockets, buildings and their engineering systems, computer networks, etc. (Fig. 2-1-2).

Rice. 2-1-2. PLM technology is designed to solve a wide variety of problems in the development, production and operation of products. CATIA V5 software

Thus, since buildings and their systems are included in the list of PLM objects, it can be argued that the PLM concept is applicable in construction and architecture.

On the other hand, as soon as we start using PLM in this industry, we become overgrown with the specifics of design and construction activities, which take something from mechanical engineering, and replace something with our own or reject it altogether, and whether we like it or not, we get BIM.

So with great confidence we can state that BIM and PLM are “twin brothers”, or, more precisely, that BIM is a reflection and refinement of the PLM concept in a specialized field of human activity - architectural and construction design, taking into account all its specific features. At the same time, one should not forget that the concepts of BIM and PLM each have their own specific history of emergence and development. But the proximity of these concepts objectively indicates that the development of technical types of human activity follows general laws in a single direction - the direction of information modeling.

It is quite logical that, by analogy with PLM, the term BLM (Building Lifecycle Management) has already begun to appear - building life cycle management, very similar to the already widely used concept of FM (Facilities Management) - service management, denoting a system consisting of organizational, technical and software resources for managing the operation of the building and the processes occurring in it (Fig. 2-1-3).

Rice. 2-1-3. Alexey Kopylov. Bank project "Accent". Left - appearance buildings, on the right - simulation of the movement of cash flows and visitors in the building. Diploma project in the specialty "Building Design". NGASU(Sibstrin), 2010

Of course, after hearing all this, BIM skeptics (and there are still a lot of them) may object: “What is BIM? What database management? What engineering and other concepts? Go to any construction site and see what's going on there! There everyone walks through the mud in boots! (Fig. 2-1-4).

Rice. 2-1-4. The Wisla football stadium in Krakow is designed to host Euro 2012. Design and construction is carried out using BIM technology. Computer model and construction stages of the eastern stand, 2009

In reply, Firstly, once again we recall the specifics of the construction industry - everything is built on the ground, so large excavations and related problems are inevitable.

Secondly, we note that at all times construction belonged to the category of the most accurate and intellectually capacious types of human activity, as well as mechanical engineering.

And the level of technical elaboration of the erected structures, this very “construction” accuracy, has always required the highest for its period of time.

A vivid example of this is the construction of the Eiffel Tower in Paris in 1887-1889, when its creators, with unprecedented dimensions of the structure, solved not so much construction as "machine-building" tasks, bringing all metal structures to the highest degree of assembly readiness in advance and carrying out at a height only " rivet installation.

The level of construction accuracy has always been determined by the general technical level of human development in general, has grown steadily and continues to grow in our time. Moreover, the growth is like an avalanche, so that today, on a mass scale, construction production is quite comparable in terms of performance accuracy (taking into account the scale of “products”) both at especially significant objects (bridges, stadiums, high-rise buildings, concert halls, etc.), and and on ordinary buildings with modern mechanical engineering (Fig. 2-1-5).

Rice. 2-1-5. On the left - St. Basil's Cathedral in Moscow (built in the middle of the 16th century), some "differences" in the parallelism of the octagons of the Western Pillar are clearly visible; right - installation of glazing of the Swiss Re Building in London (early 21st century)

At the same time, again, due to the specifics of architectural and construction design and production, as well as their differences from mechanical engineering (for example, a building can be designed, built and operated at the same time), it is worth noting once again that BIM is still not PLM.

1.3. The relationship between old and new approaches in design

The approach to the design of buildings through their information modeling involves, first of all, collection, storage and complex processing in the process of designing all architectural, design, technological, economic and other information about the building with all its interrelations and dependencies, when the building and everything related to it are considered as a single object.

The correct definition of these relationships, as well as an accurate classification, well-thought-out and organized structuring, the relevance and reliability of the data used, convenient and effective tools for accessing and working with the available information (data management interface), the ability to transfer this information or the results of its analysis for further use in external systems are the main components that characterize building information modeling and determine its further success.

And plans, facades and sections, which previously dominated the design process, as well as all other working documentation, visual images and other types of project presentation, are now assigned only the role of presentation results this information modeling. True, the results that allow you to quickly assess the quality of the project and, if necessary, make the required adjustments to it.

Running a little ahead, we note that one of the main advantages of information modeling is the ability to work with the entire model, using any of its types, in particular, plans, facades and sections familiar to designers are excellent for these purposes.

Someone in such a situation can see a clear contradiction - moving away from flat projections to an information model in design, we reserve the right to form this model for flat projections.

It seems that there is no contradiction here. It is only necessary to take into account the following circumstances.

1. Building Information Modeling is coming not instead classical design methods, but is development the latter, therefore it logically absorbs them.

2. In contrast to the classical approach, working through flat projections is accessible and familiar, therefore, for many it is convenient, but not the only method of working with the model.

3. With the new design method, work with planar projections ceases to be "purely drawing" or "geometric", it becomes more information. And flat projections play the role of a “window” through which we look at the model.

4. The result of designing according to the new method is model(now this is the project), and a pile of drawings and documentation (what used to be considered a project) is now just one of the forms of its presentation. By the way, some examination bodies, such as Mosgosexpertiza, have already begun to accept an information model instead of the classic set of paper documentation.

If you look closely, it is easy to see that with the concept of information modeling of buildings, the fundamental design decisions, as before, remain in the hands of a person, and the “computer” again performs only the technical function entrusted to it for storage, special processing, output or transmission of information.

But one more, no less important difference between the new approach and the previous design methods is that the increasing volume of this technical work performed by a computer is of a fundamentally different nature, and a person himself with such a volume in the constantly decreasing time allocated for design, is no longer cope with.

1.4. The BIM concept is based on a single model

In 2004, a loud tragedy occurred in Moscow - the dome of the Transvaal Park collapsed. Then they decided to make the author of the project Nodar Kancheli guilty - it would be convenient for many. One of the most serious accusations against the architect is that in some cases the wrong brand of concrete was used. But the case was not finished, but closed under an amnesty. The investigation also showed that in the process of its approval and implementation, dozens of changes were made to the building project, both structural and material, in particular, a change in steel and concrete grades. As a result, many changes, sometimes carried out without proper calculation justification, accumulated an error that led to the tragedy. And if the creators of Transvaal Park had a single information model, all calculations in the event of each change could be carried out in a timely manner and with high accuracy. But, unfortunately, no one had heard about BIM at that time.

A single model of the object under construction is the basis of BIM, which is an integral part of any implementation of this technology. This is the solution to all the problems described above. Only a single model gives complete and consistent information by building.

If there is no single model, this is no longer BIM, but some approximation to it, or even just a pathetic parody (“there is 3D, so everything is fine”) on the information model of the building.

Designed in a year and built in two years, the 308-meter skyscraper One Island East, which has become a world model for the application of BIM technology, was commissioned in 2008 in Hong Kong (detailed in Chapter 3). In particular, its unified information model was used to find all the inconsistencies and collisions that appeared during the design of this most complex building by a large team of various specialists. According to the general contractor, Swire Properties Ltd, about 2000 such errors were detected and eliminated in a timely manner during the work on the project. In the Digital Project program used then, as in the vast majority of modern BIM complexes, the search for collisions occurs automatically, but their elimination, of course, is already the work of man.

A single building information model, including architecture, structures and equipment, is not something particularly outstanding, but a completely normal and easily implemented phenomenon, available even at the educational level. Only a single building model can be used to carry out full-fledged calculations of its characteristics, as well as generate specifications and other necessary working documentation, plan the movement of funds and the supply of components to the construction site, manage the construction of the facility, and much more.

But a single model in BIM should not be confused with a single file. A single or compound file is already a way to organize work with a model in a specific BIM program or a set of such programs. As a rule, parts of the model related to different thematic areas can be autonomous. For example, it makes no sense for an electrician to see all the loads and connections of building structures in his file, it is enough for him to see the structures themselves (their contours). In addition, large projects give rise to huge information models, working with which as a single file already presents considerable technical difficulties. In such cases, the creators of the model forcibly divide it into parts, organizing their joining. This is a common practice for current IT technologies, due to the level of development of modern computer technology.

On the other hand, with a small volume of a single file and taking into account the specifics of the tasks being solved, there is usually no artificial need to divide it into parts. For example, the file below was actually a single architectural and design model, after a certain preventive cleaning it had a volume of 50 MB and was well processed on a regular computer (Fig. 2-1-6).

Rice. 2-1-6. Evgenia Chuprina. The project of an Orthodox church in Novosibirsk. The work was done in Revit Architecture, NGASU (Sibstrin), 2011

In other situations, on those directly related to the amount of information, the internal complexity of the object forces designers to have many files in a single model. For example, the project of underground development (7 floors deep) and the general reconstruction of Sverdlov Square in Novosibirsk, which is given below, contained 48 files directly forming a single model, and about 800 family files, but was processed quite efficiently on a conventional personal computer (Fig. 2-1- 7).

Rice. 2-1-7. Sofia Anikeeva, Sergey Ulrich. Project for the reconstruction of Sverdlov Square in Novosibirsk. The work was done in Revit Architecture, NGASU (Sibstrin), 2011

The specific technology for working with a single information model is determined both by the content and scope of the project itself, and by the software used, as well as by the user's experience, and usually allows for many options.

If everything is simple with “small” projects - you can work with one file (with software suitable for its versatility, of course), then “large” ones are doomed first to division, and then to “stitching” the parts into a single whole. Moreover, this “stitching” must be correct in order to obtain consistent information, and not a set of disparate “drawings in in electronic format". Some BIM programs, such as Bentley AECOsim Building Designer, solve this problem by immediately writing a single model into several thematically separated associated files.

Sometimes you can hear the opinion that in information modeling it is necessary to take the program that does it in the best way to complete each section of the project, and then somehow put it all together. Of course, it's good if you end up with an information model that can at least check for collisions. But more often than not, this “gathering together” and nullifies all information modeling - parts of the project are simply not assembled into one model. In order not to get into such a situation, we must remember that computer design, especially BIM, is like a game of chess, where you have to think a few steps ahead. In particular, when working with parts of the model, one must immediately clearly understand how it will then be assembled into a single whole. If you don’t imagine it, don’t think about BIM and draw in AutoCAD, this program hasn’t let anyone down in classical design yet!

Those who think a few steps ahead have found that a single model can be assembled in many ways, and that this even highlights some specialization among employees in especially large cases. Moreover, even a special terminology has appeared.

For instance, federated model(federated model) - this model is created by the work of various specialists in various programs with their own file formats, and the assembly of the general model is carried out in special "assembly" programs (such as Autodesk NavisWorks). To date, this is one of the most common options for building a unified information model for large objects (Fig. 2-1-8).

Rice. 2-1-8. Ekaterina Pichueva. Collision check in Autodesk NavisWorks. NGASU(Sibstrin), 2013

Or integrated model(integrated model) - assembled from parts made in open formats (such as IFC).

Worth mentioning separately hybrid model(hybrid model), which collects both three-dimensional elements and 2D drawings associated with them.

There are other terms, but I would not like to fill the reader's already loaded head with them, since he "reached" this page. I will only formulate the basic principles that should be followed when obtaining a unified building information model:

If the model can not be divided into parts, it is better not to do this, but immediately work with a single model.
If model division cannot be avoided, then it is better to use the option of a central file and local copies for each user.
If this does not work (for example, architects and electricians require different file templates), then external links should be used.
If external links are also problematic (for example, the performers of parts of the project are located in different cities), then get ready to "stitch" the parts using specialized programs.
If it is not possible to work in one software at all (or in a single file format), then you will also have to “stitch” parts of the model in specialized programs, or be prepared for the loss of some part of such information and its “manual” recovery.
If you get to this point, skipping the previous five as not suitable, then forget about BIM and draw in AutoCAD, or invite 1-5 students trained in information modeling - they will do everything for you quickly.

1.5. BIM - a tool for scientific research and experimentation

Building information modeling has another very interesting quality - it makes it possible to conduct scientific research and experiments on almost all issues related to planning, design, interior arrangement and equipment, energy consumption, environmental friendliness, design and construction features, and other aspects of design and construction activities. .

For these purposes, a model is created not of a specific projected or already existing object, but some kind of abstract computer design that imitates the situation under study to the required extent.

In the future, this design is subjected to a computer impact (changing its parameters) and the results obtained are analyzed (Fig. 2-1-9).

Rice. 2-1-9. Igor Kozlov. Development of a fixed formwork block system using a research building model. As a result, a patent of the Russian Federation was received. The work was done in Revit Architecture, NGASU (Sibstrin), 2010

It is logical to call such a model Research building information model or Research BIM (RBIM).

Of course, it can be objected that when designing a building, various options for planning, construction, equipment, etc. are always considered, and the most suitable one is selected.

But the difference between the research model and the “normal” BIM is that RBIM is intended from the very beginning to study some general aspects of the design, equipment or operation of buildings and may not correspond to any specific structure at all.

RBIM is another BIM feature that takes Building Information Modeling technology far beyond conventional design (Figure 2-1-10).

Rice. 2-1-10. Svetlana Valger, Maxim Danilov, Yulia Ubogova. Modeling of permanent formwork elements and calculation of the structure for deformation during concrete pouring. Modeling was done in Revit Architecture, calculations - in ANSYS, NGASU (Sibstrin), 2014

1.6. Practical benefits of building information model

However, terminology is still not the main thing. The use of building information modeling greatly facilitates the work with the facility under construction and has many advantages over previous forms of design.

First of all, it allows you to virtually assemble together, select according to their intended purpose, calculate, dock and coordinate the components and systems of the future structure created by different specialists and organizations, “at the tip of the pen” to check in advance their properties and viability, functional suitability and performance as separate parts and the building as a whole.

Also, BIM technology makes it possible to avoid the most unpleasant problem for designers - the appearance of internal inconsistencies (collisions) that arise when its components or adjacent sections are combined in a single project. Rather, it is not possible to avoid the problem, but to solve it effectively, spending ten times less time on it than with the previously used “manual” or even CAD-based approach and, most importantly, with a guarantee of identifying all the places of such inconsistencies (Fig. 2- 1-11).

Rice. 2-1-11. The project of the new building of the New World Symphony music school in Miami (USA) by architect Frank Gehry, developed using BIM technology. Separately, the components of a single model are shown: visualization of a general view, the outer shell of the building, the load-bearing frame, a set of engineering equipment and the internal organization of premises

Unlike traditional computer-aided design systems that create geometric images, the result of information modeling of a building under construction is very often object-oriented digital model of the entire structure, which can be modeled the process of organizing its construction.

And even if the creators of the model did not set themselves the task of organizing the process of erecting a building (although this is an obligatory part of any project), it is much easier on the basis of an information model than with the traditional approach (plans, facades, etc.) (Fig. 2-1-12).

Rice. 2-1-12. Ekaterina Pichueva. Building construction schedule based on the information model. The work was done in Revit Architecture and NavisWorks. NGASU(Sibstrin), 2013

Here are a few characteristics that distinguish BIM from traditional computer-aided building models:

Precise geometry- all objects are set reliably (in full accordance with the real, including internal, design), geometrically correct and in exact dimensions;
Comprehensive and refillable object properties– all objects in the model have some predefined properties (material characteristics, manufacturer code, price, last maintenance date, etc.) that can be modified, supplemented and used both in the model itself and through special file formats (for example, IFC) outside of it;
Wealth of semantic connections- in the model, such relations of connection and mutual subordination of component parts as “contained in”, “depends on”, “is part of something”, etc. are set and taken into account when considering.
Integrated Information- the model contains all the information in a single center, thus ensuring its consistency, accuracy and availability;
Life cycle maintenance– the model supports working with data throughout the entire period of design, construction, operation, and even the final demolition (utilization) of the building.

Most often, work on creating an information model of a building is carried out in three stages.

First stage. BIM is an object-oriented technology. Therefore, some blocks (families) are first developed - primary design elements that correspond to both building products (windows, doors, floor slabs, etc.), and equipment elements (heating and lighting devices, elevators, etc.) and much more another, which is directly related to the building, but is produced outside the construction site and is used as a whole during the design and construction of the facility, and is not divided into parts.

Second phase– modeling of what is created at the construction site. These are foundations, walls, roofs, hinged facades and much more. This assumes the widespread use of pre-created (at the first stage, which, by the way, can be carried out in parallel with the second) elements, for example, fasteners or framing parts when forming the curtain walls of a building.

Third stage- further use of information from the model created at the second stage in a suitable format (the IFC format was specially developed for this purpose) in specialized applications for solving individual problems related to building design.

Thus, the logic of building information modeling, contrary to the fears of some skeptics, has left the programming area incomprehensible to designers and builders and corresponds to the usual understanding of how to build a house, how to equip it and how to live in it. This greatly facilitates and simplifies the work with BIM for both designers and all other categories of builders, as well as owners, managers and operators.

As for the division into stages (first, second and third) when creating BIM, it is rather arbitrary - these works can be performed almost in parallel.

You can, for example, insert windows into the object being modeled, and then, according to new considerations, change them, and already changed windows will be used in the project.

The information model of the designed object built by specialists becomes the basis for obtaining specialized information on its various parts, nodes and sections. It is actively used to create all types of working documentation, development, calculation of parameters and manufacture of building structures and parts, equipment of an object, ordering and installation. technological equipment, economic calculations, organizing the construction of the building itself, financial support for construction, as well as solving technical, organizational and economic issues of subsequent operation.

One of the impressive examples of the complex application of BIM in the construction of a large, technically complex and especially significant facility is the construction of a new building for the American Higher Music School (Conservatory) New World Symphony in Miami. Design of this facility using BIM technology began in 2006, construction in 2008, and commissioning in January 2011 as planned (Figure 2-1-13).

Rice. 2-1-13. Construction of a new building of the American higher music school New World Symphony and its future external and internal views

This building has a total area of 10,000 square meters, the main hall is designed for 700 spectators. It is adapted for webcasting and recording of concerts, as well as external 360-degree video projections. On its top floor there is a music library, a conductor's studio, as well as 26 individual rehearsal rooms and 6 for joint rehearsals of several musicians. The estimated cost of the object was 200 million dollars, the final cost was 160 (another interesting, but already quite predictable result of using BIM).

The design of such an object, carried out in sufficient short term, was associated with a large number of the most diverse and very complex calculations performed on the building information model, and once again clearly demonstrated the effectiveness of BIM technology (Fig. 2-1-14).

Rice. 2-1-14. Higher School of Music New World Symphony: main entrance. Architects Gehry Partners, 2010

An information model of a building can (should) exist throughout the entire life cycle of an object, and even longer. The various data contained in it (originally entered) can then be changed, supplemented and replaced, reflecting the current state of the building.

Such an approach in design, when an object is considered not only in space, but also in time, that is, “3D plus time”, is often called 4D, and “4D plus (non-geometric) information” (for example, cost) is usually referred to as 5D. Although, on the other hand, in a number of publications, 4D may be understood as “3D plus specifications”, but this is becoming less and less common. Some take pride in making 6D or even 7D models. I think that the pursuit of the number D is a kind of tribute to fashion. The main thing is the inner content of the new design concept.

BIM technology has already shown the possibility of achieving high speed, volume and quality of construction, as well as significant budget savings. For example, during the construction of the most complex in form and internal equipment of the new building of the Museum of Art in the American city of Denver, an information model specially created for this object was used to organize the interaction of subcontractors in the design and construction of the building frame (metal and reinforced concrete) and the development and installation of plumbing and electrical systems. (Figure 2-1-15).

Rice. 2-1-15. Denver Art Museum (USA), Frederick S. Hamilton building. Computer model and erection of the frame of the building. Architect Daniel Libeskind. Tekla Structures software

According to the general contractor, a purely organizational application of BIM (the model was created only to work out the interaction of subcontractors and optimize the work schedule) reduced the construction period by 14 months and resulted in savings of approximately $400,000 at an estimated cost of the object of $70 million. These results ($400,000 and 14 months at the tip of a pen) are impressive (Figure 2-1-16).

Rice. 2-1-16. Denver Art Museum (USA), Frederick S. Hamilton building. Final look. Architect Daniel Libeskind, 2006

But still, one of the most important achievements of BIM is the now (and almost absent before) opportunity to achieve almost complete compliance of the operational characteristics of the new building with the requirements of the customer, and even before it is put into operation (more precisely, even before the start of it). construction). This is achieved due to the fact that BIM technology allows you to recreate the object itself with a high degree of reliability with all structures, materials, engineering equipment and processes occurring in it and debug the main design decisions on a virtual model. In other ways, such a verification of design decisions for correctness is not feasible - you just have to build a life-size model of the building. What happened periodically in the old days (and still happens in some places now) - the correctness of design calculations was checked on an already created object, when it was almost impossible to fix anything. In the previous history of construction, there were many cases when, after the construction of the building, the very purpose of the object was corrected according to its real characteristics or restrictions were imposed on the conditions of its operation.

At the same time, it is especially important to emphasize that the building information model is a virtual model, the result of the use of computer technology. Ideally, BIM is a virtual copy of a building.

At the initial stage of creating a model, we have a certain set of information, almost always incomplete, but sufficient to start working in the first approximation. Then the information entered into the model is replenished and corrected as it becomes available, and the model becomes more and more accurate and rich.

Thus, the process of creating an information model is always extended in time (it is almost continuous), since it can have an unlimited number of “refinements”. And the information model of the building itself is a very dynamic and constantly developing entity, “living” independent life. At the same time, one must understand that physically BIM exists only in the computer's memory. And it can be used only through those software tools (a set of programs) in which it was created.

1.7. Forms for obtaining information from the model

The building information model itself as an organized set of data about the object is directly used by the program that created it. But in some cases, the model itself is not needed for work, it is important for specialists to only be able to take information from the model in a convenient form and widely use it in their professional activities outside the framework of a specific BIM program.

Hence, another important task of information modeling arises - to provide the user with data about the object in a wide range of formats that are technologically suitable for further processing by computer or other means.

Therefore, modern BIM programs from the very beginning assume that the information contained in the model about the building for external use can be obtained in a wide range of views. Moreover, different forms have already appeared (sometimes they are called “containers”) of the model representation, in which this model is, as it were, in some kind of protective shell that allows you to receive information, but does not allow any changes in the model itself. This form of representation of the "read-only" model is very convenient when working with subcontractors, third-party organizations, just for open access, ensures the preservation of copyright and protects the model from unauthorized changes.

The minimum list of forms for extracting information from the model has already been clearly defined by the professional community, does not cause any discussion and can only be expanded (Fig. 2-1-17).

Rice. 2-1-17. Types of graphical representation of the information model of the building. Tatyana Kozlova. Monument of architecture "House of Composers" in Novosibirsk. The model is made in Revit Architecture. NGASU(Sibstrin), 2009

These generally accepted forms of withdrawal primarily include:

1) data files in certain formats for exchange with other programs (today - the IFC format and some others);
2) drawing 2D working documentation and drawing 3D views of models;
3) flat 2D files and 3D 3D models for use in various CAD programs and other applications;
4) tables, statements, specifications for various purposes (Fig. 2-1-18);

Rice. 2-1-18. Ivan Kiss. Reconstruction of the Central Clinical Hospital of the Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences. General view and fragment of the list of interior decoration. Diploma project in the specialty "Building Design". The work was done in Revit Architecture. NGASU(Sibstrin), 2010

5) files for viewing and using on the Internet;
6) files with engineering tasks for the manufacture of products and structures included in the model;
7) files-orders for the supply of equipment and materials;
8) the results of certain special calculations (in a tabular, graphical or animated presentation);
9) graphic and video materials reflecting the simulated processes; especially important are visual representations of various quantitative characteristics of the building for a qualitative assessment by the user - pictures with insolation, strength characteristics, pollution levels, intensity patterns of premises, etc. (Fig. 2-1-19);

Rice. 2-1-19. Igor Kozlov. Visualization of the strength characteristics of the building frame. The model was made in Revit Structure and transferred for calculation to Robot Structural Analysis. NGASU(Sibstrin), 2010

10) files with data for calculations in other programs;
11) files of presentation visualization and animation of the model (Fig. 2-1-20);

Rice. 2-1-20. Elena Kovalenko. Project of the Center for Contemporary Art. Diploma project in the specialty "Building Design". The model is made in Revit Architecture. NGASU(Sibstrin), 2009

12) files for various kinds"solid" layout of the created object according to its computer model (3D printing) (Fig. 2-1-21);
13) the logical development of this direction will soon be simply the construction of a building using a construction 3D printer;

Rice. 2-1-21. Media Library Project in Rio de Janeiro. On the left is a computer model, on the right is a layout made from it. The model is made in Revit Architecture. Architectural firm SPBR Arquitetos, Brazil, 2006

14) types of volumetric sections and other complete or incomplete fragments of the designed building in various modes, facilitating its spatial perception (Fig. 2-1-22);

Rice. 2-1-22. Tatyana Kozlova. Monument of architecture "House of Composers" in Novosibirsk: three-dimensional section of the building. The model is made in Revit Architecture. NGASU(Sibstrin), 2009

15) data for the manufacture of a model or its parts on CNC machines, laser or mechanical cutters or other similar devices;
16) any other types of provision of information that will be required during the design, construction or operation of the building.

All this variety of output forms ensures the versatility and efficiency of BIM as a new approach to building design and guarantees it a defining position in the architecture and construction industry in the near future.

1.8. BIM and information exchange

A natural result of the development in recent decades of computer design is the fact that today work based on CAD technologies seems to be quite organized and well-established.

Now, 30 years after its appearance, the DWG file format created by the AutoCAD package has taken the place of the generally recognized standard for working with a project in CAD programs and has begun to live a life independent of its creator.

It would be more correct to note that currently there are actually two DWG formats.

The first one, usually referred to in the literature as RealDWG for clarification, is a closed licensed format and is developed by Autodesk for the needs of its software (primarily AutoCAD in various modifications).

The second format, in order to avoid misunderstandings, referred to in publications as Teigha (until recently - DWGdirect, even earlier - openDWG), is supported by the Open Design Alliance (ODA), which unites more than 200 leading CAD manufacturers from around the world (Bentley, Siemens, Graphisoft and others). It is he who is an open format and is widely used by various programs for storing and exchanging data.

Considerable fame has come to the DXF format, also developed at one time by Autodesk for exchanging data between various CAD programs, on the one hand, and others, including computer systems, on the other.

Now almost all CAD programs can accept and save information in these formats, although their own, "native" file formats sometimes differ significantly from the latter.

Thus, we state once again that the DWG and DXF file formats have become a kind of “unifier” of information for CAD programs, and this did not happen by command from above or by the decision of some general meeting of software developers, but was historically determined by the very logic of the natural development of computer-aided design in world and the success of the AutoCAD package.

As for BIM, today the form, content and methods of work on building information modeling are entirely determined by the software used by designers (architects, constructors, subcontractors, etc.), which is already quite a lot for BIM and the number of which is growing like an avalanche.

The introduction of BIM technology into the world design practice is currently (by historical standards) at its initial stage, so a single standard has not yet been finally developed for files of software products that create information models of buildings, or data exchange between these programs.

Moreover, due to the rapid development of BIM, there is often not even top-down compatibility between different versions of the same program. In other words, if you switched to a new version of the BIM program, then you will not return to the old one. A kind of "forced", but having objective reasons, progress. The situation is almost the same with transferring a model from one program to another, if these are programs from different vendors.

Therefore, in the global industry of BIM programs, the understanding of the need for common standards is ripe, and serious attempts to develop common "rules of the game" are already being made. But, I think, it will take a long time for the world communities of designers and software developers to develop generally recognized "templates" for BIM, unifying the rules for storing, transmitting and using information. It is possible, of course, that the solution to this issue will be found by analogy with CAD systems, when one of the BIM complexes becomes the most popular on an explicit basis. Of course, this will take a lot of time, and in itself is unlikely. But work in this direction is underway. For example, despite the competition, Autodesk and Bentley Systems have already achieved significant success in the mutual exchange of files of information models and library elements.

Still, a more promising way seems to be the targeted development by the user community (more precisely, the union of software developers and the design and construction industry) of file formats both for the information model itself and for data exchange between BIM systems from different manufacturers.

In this case, we should talk about some open standard for storing information, tied to the specifics of architectural and construction design. At the same time, the data themselves can be used to model the building, its equipment, operation, reconstruction, etc. Moreover, the standard should be open, that is, accessible to everyone, and not the proprietary format of a particular BIM program.

This approach will open access to BIM to a wide range of developers and users who solve countless of their specific tasks. Without this, the mass introduction of BIM into design and construction practice seems impossible.

At present, the IFC format (in various versions) is already widely used in the world for exchanging data between BIM programs or obtaining this data from a model for use by other programs. The ability to save the model in IFC format has even become a certain “quality mark” for the BIM program. But there is still a lot of work in this direction.

Unfortunately, for the reason just mentioned for the lack of a single standard, the transfer of an information model from one software platform to another (namely, the transfer, and not the transfer of some part of the information) without data loss and significant alterations is almost impossible so far.

So, the architects, builders, subcontractors and other specialists working today in BIM significantly depend on the correct choice of the software used, especially at the initial stage of their activities, since in the future they will be firmly attached to it, in fact, they will become its “hostages”.

Of course, this state of affairs is not conducive to the widespread development of building information modeling.

Designers who have switched to BIM technology are entirely dependent on the general level of development of information technology, the level of understanding of the problem and the skill of the creators of computer programs. In most cases, they are limited in their professional activities by the framework that programmers provide them. It may seem that this is bad, but in modern conditions, the dependence of designers on the level of development of information technology is only growing, and, unfortunately, there is nothing else and will not be. Of course, this adds arguments to the supporters of “manual design”, who “did not depend on anyone” and “did everything themselves”, but returning to the previous level of technology is a regression path, and it is impossible.

On the other hand, in mechanical engineering, for example, the level of development of aviation or shipbuilding directly depends on the level of development of the machine tool industry. And it does not hinder progress. If everything is properly coordinated on the scale of entire industries. On the contrary, the needs of aviation and the same shipbuilding industry largely stimulate the development of machine tool building.

This suggests a paradoxical conclusion at first glance: the further development of architectural and construction design will depend on the level of development of computer technology and software tools. As well as another conclusion: the tasks that arise in design and construction (as well as in other areas of human activity) stimulate the development of information technologies. Everything is interconnected. Thus, design, construction and computer technologies today are combined into a single, jointly developing complex. It may not be to everyone's taste, but it's already a reality. A reality that determines the development strategy of the entire design and construction industry for a fairly long term.

1.9. The main misconceptions about BIM and their refutation

To gain a better understanding of Building Information Modeling and based on the experience of the ongoing discussions around the new design technology, it will also be useful to clarify what BIM cannot, does not lead to and what it is not.

It should be noted that by the time the second edition of this book was published, many misconceptions had lost their relevance, and they were removed from the text, but new ones appeared.

So, let's try to understand what "non-BIM" is and what BIM properties are attributed in vain.

BIM is not "artificial intelligence". For example, information about a building collected in the model can be analyzed to detect possible inconsistencies and conflicts in the project. But the ways to eliminate these contradictions are entirely in the hands of man, since the design logic itself is not yet amenable to mathematical description.

For example, if you reduce the amount of insulation on the building in the model, then the BIM program will not think for you what to do: either add (purchase) more insulation, since the proposed one is clearly not enough, or reduce the area of heated premises, or strengthen heating system, or moving the building to a new location with a warmer climate, etc.

Such questions should be decided by the designer himself. Almost certainly in the future, computer programs will gradually replace a person in the most simple (routine) intellectual operations in design, as they are already replacing in drawing, but it is too early to talk about this in real practice.

When this happens, it will be fair to assert the beginning of a new stage in the development of design.

BIM is not perfect. Since it is created by people and receives information from people, and people tend to make mistakes, there will still be errors in the model. These errors can appear directly when entering data, when creating BIM programs, even when computers are running. But these errors occur fundamentally less than in the case when a person manipulates information himself. In addition, BIM has many more internal levels of data validation. So today BIM is the best there is.

BIM is not a specific computer program. This is a new design technology. And computer programs (Autodesk Revit, Digital Project, Bently AECOsim, Allplan, ArchiCAD, etc.) are just tools for its implementation, which are constantly being developed and improved. These are tools for storing model data and working with them. But these computer programs determine the current level of development of building information modeling, without them BIM technology is meaningless, it simply cannot exist.

BIM is not 3D. This is not only 3D, it is also a lot of additional information (numerical, attributive, etc.), which goes far beyond the geometric perception of these objects. No matter how good the geometric model (which, by the way, in itself also represents only a properly organized set of numerical data) and its visualization, the objects must also have quantitative and attributive information for analysis.

If it is more convenient for someone to operate with the symbol D, we can assume that BIM is 5D. Or 6d. It's not about the number of D's. BIM is BIM. And only 3D is not BIM, it is rather a “shell container” for BIM, and with certain reservations.

BIM is not necessarily 3D. These are also numerical characteristics, tables, specifications, prices, calendar charts, email addresses, etc. Of course, a virtual model of a building is created in volume, but if a three-dimensional model of a structure is not required to solve specific design problems, then there is no need to use 3D - such work will be redundant. BIM also makes extensive use of 2D tools. Simply put, BIM is exactly as much D as necessary to effectively solve the problem, plus numerical data for analysis.

In general, comparing (let alone contrasting) BIM and 3D is wrong. With the same success, following M.E. Saltykov-Shchedrin, one can talk about "the constitution and stellate sturgeon with horseradish."

Many of those who oppose BIM and 3D believe that 3D is simply a way of displaying information. Often you can hear the phrase from them: “It is absolutely not necessary for a designer to see the building in volume, flat drawings are enough for him.”

In fact, 3D is, first of all, a storage format (geometric in meaning) of information for visualization understandable to a person and the convenience of subsequent operations with this information. This is the root of many misunderstandings and misconceptions about BIM.

In general, BIM is information about the object and how to use it(in other words, specialized programs, interfaces), which directly depend on the tasks assigned to the designers. And all the talk (and even discussion) about the number "D" is very useful only because it represents a good, "fashionable" and intelligible way to popularize BIM ideas for an unprepared audience.

BIM are parametrically defined objects. Behavior (physical and technical properties, geometric dimensions, relative positions, etc.) of the created objects, their relationships, dependencies, and much more is determined by sets of various (not necessarily geometric) parameters and depend on these parameters.

If there is no parameterization in the model, it is not BIM.

BIM is not a set of 2D projections that collectively describe the building being designed. On the contrary, all these projections (plans, facades, sections, etc.), like many others graphic representations, are automatically obtained from the information model of the building and are its views (consequences). The model in this case, in philosophical terms, is primary.

This property of BIM - automatic tracking in all types (including drawings, tables, specifications) of changes in the model, is one of its strongest and most important aspects (Fig. 2-1-23).

Rice. 2-1-23. Leonid Scriabin. Ethnographic Center of the Peoples of Kamchatka. Diploma project in the specialty "Building Design". The stages of three-dimensional sketching, model creation, visualization and obtaining the drawings necessary for the project are shown. The model is made in Revit Architecture. NGASU(Sibstrin), 2010

BIM is not a completed (frozen) model. The information model of any building is constantly in development, being replenished as necessary with more and more new information and adjusted taking into account changing conditions and a new understanding of design or operational tasks.

In the vast majority of cases, BIM is a "live", evolving model. And with the right understanding, the period of its existence completely overlaps the life cycle of a real object.

BIM benefits not only large objects. There are many benefits in large facilities. On small objects, the absolute value of this benefit is less, but the small objects themselves are usually larger, so again there is a lot of benefit. And the percentage of benefits from BIM is about the same. So building information modeling is always effective.

BIM does not replace a person. Moreover, BIM technology cannot exist without a person and requires from him a high, maybe even more than with traditional design methods, professionalism, a better, integrated understanding of the creative process of building design and greater responsibility in work. With all this, BIM makes a person's work more efficient and productive, increasing its intellectual component, freeing it from routine work and protecting it from mistakes.

BIM does not work automatically. The designer will still have to collect information (or manage the process of collecting information, or control this process, or create a model, or formulate conditions for this model, etc.) on certain problems.

On the other hand, BIM technology significantly automates and therefore facilitates the process of collecting, processing, organizing, storing and using such information. Like the whole building design process.

BIM does not require a "stupid padding of data" from a person. A BIM designer is not a mainframe computer operator sitting in a white coat punching cards surrounded by flashing lights.

The creation of an information model is carried out according to the usual, familiar and understandable logic for the designer of building a building, where his qualifications and intelligence play the main role. And the construction of the model itself is carried out mainly by traditional, familiar and convenient for design graphic means, including in interactive mode.

For example, if you “draw” a floor plan in any of the BIM programs, then as a result you create not a floor plan, but the floor itself - the corresponding part of the information model of the entire building. That, however, does not completely exclude the possibility of entering some (for example, text) data from the keyboard. As well as does not exclude data entry by any other means, for example, a volumetric scanner or voice.

BIM does not make the "old guard" of specialists unnecessary. Of course, any guard sooner or later becomes "old". But experience and skill are needed in any business, especially when designing in Building Information Modeling technology, and they usually come with age.

Information models can be created by working in the style familiar to specialists formed in the “classical” era (through plans and facades), just a lot of new things have been added to them. Another thing is that the former specialists (everyone, not just the “old ones”) will have to make certain efforts (even considerable ones for some) when mastering these new tools and switching to a new technology. But practice shows that all this is from the realm of reality.

Mastering BIM is not a matter of the elite and does not require much time. To be more precise, it takes exactly the same amount of time to master BIM as it takes to master any other technology professionally - “the initial training period plus the whole life”.

The implementation of BIM does not require a lot of money. This money will be required almost as much as it is necessary to introduce any new technology.

The introduction of BIM is beneficial not only for large companies. This is also beneficial for small firms, since the speed of making changes to the project, checking for collisions, the accuracy of calculations and documentation, and many other qualities of BIM save money for everyone.

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The MEGA-STROY company offers a full range of professional services for the design of industrial and residential buildings using modern BIM technologies. BIM design solves many diverse tasks and allows you to predict the final result before the start of construction work.

BIM modeling of buildings

Today, information modeling is a key link in the development of projects in the construction of buildings. Architects of the 21st century use in their work not classical drawing paper and drawing ink, but the functional tools of computer design. This is understandable and logical, as it allows you to achieve maximum visualization of the future project, track many parameters of the building's operation before the commissioning of the finished facility.

BIM modeling is a complex multi-stage process based on an integrated approach to project implementation. It is impossible to convey the essence of technology in a nutshell, especially since there is still no clear and precise definition for it. Some experts argue that the BIM model is a finished project, others focus not on the final result, but on the process. By combining these two popular points of view into a single concept, you can get a complete picture of the essence of modern BIM design.

The use of BIM technology makes it possible to analyze the full life cycle of a future structure, from the design stage to repair activities during future operation. Comprehensive data collection and processing is carried out at all stages, while detailed architectural, cost estimate, technical, engineering, and economic information is taken into development.

The uniqueness of the 3D BIM building model lies in its "mobility", due to the fact that all components of the system are interdependent and interconnected. For example, the customer can easily calculate the estimated costs for the electricity used when increasing the area of any residential or industrial premises, etc. A building model obtained using Building Information Modeling technology has not only realistic detailed visualization, but also the ability to reproduce realistically predictable situations.

The ability to visually see the operation of the future structure and predict various scenarios at any stage makes each BIM model a unique tool for the work of architects, designers, builders, economists, engineers and other specialists involved in the project. This model allows you to make accurate estimates, make competent decisions about hiring a workforce, laying engineering communications, etc. A comprehensive analysis of the life cycle of a building is a reliable guarantee of its durability and profitability (if we are talking about a production facility).

3D design principles and scope

To create detailed models of buildings and structures using Building Information Modeling technology, various software is used, however, it is always based on general principles design:

The construction of any building is a complex process that requires the competent interaction of many highly specialized employees. The secret of the popularity of BIM design is largely due to the fact that the BIM model makes it possible for all these specialists, as well as investors, financiers, housing and communal services, to participate in the development of the project.

The main areas of practical use of complex BIM models include:

preparation of project plans and accurate financial estimates;
control over the progress of construction and finishing works;
calculation of the amount of building materials;
calculation of technical and operational indicators of the object;
coordination of the work of the building in accordance with the specifics of the surrounding infrastructure;
forecasting the cost of the current and overhaul, restoration, redevelopment;
regulation of operating conditions;
completion of operation, conditions and procedure for the demolition of the building.

The history of the emergence of BIM design technology

Americans Chuck Eastman and Robert Aish are considered the founders of BIM design. Eastman first introduced the term "information model" into the everyday life of design professionals, using it in one of his scientific articles. A few years later, Robert Aish concretized the concept of infomodeling, formulating its basic principles when creating complex three-dimensional building designs. Ash's main merit was that he showed a clear practical value from the use of building layouts, where all components of the structure were subject to a single automated change algorithm. His theory was successfully applied in the construction of the Heathrow Airport building, after which it received worldwide recognition and began to be widely used by specialists.

Benefits of Using Technology

Among the main advantages of the practical use of BIM design technology, it is worth highlighting the following:

Advantages of BIM modeling compared to other technologies

The growing popularity of BIM technologies has many advantages over other design methods, such as traditional CAD technologies.

These benefits include:

Shorter project development times. Thanks to a single digital space, interaction between employees working in different areas of design takes place in a simple and understandable way. The terms of reference are strictly delimited, which allows avoiding the risk of repetition and duplication of the same type of operations, as well as the loss of important information data.
Fast payback of the project cost. As a rule, highly specialized specialists from one company work on the development of a BIM model of a building or structure. In this case, the customer saves significant funds on outsourcing and hiring additional labor to make corrections and adjustments to the project.
High level of integration with any additional digital design products.
Versatile tools for quick implementation of adjustments and changes make the modeling process fully automated.
100% accuracy in the calculation of the estimated cost and the development of technical specifications.

Statistics on the implementation of BIM projects in numbers

Immediately after the introduction of Building Information Modeling into the design process, detailed collection and analysis of data on the effectiveness and cost-effectiveness of the method began. Today we can talk about specific figures that clearly show how expedient it is to use BIM technologies in construction.

Statistical studies show the following:

minimization of financial costs for construction and finishing works is 30%;
reduction in the number of errors and errors in pre-project and project documentation - 40%;
reduction of project implementation time - 50%;
reduction of terms of coordination of all works on the project - 90%;
reduction of terms of construction of objects - 10%.

No less impressive are the indicators of the time required to check the prepared project by customers and investors. Compared to other technologies, time costs are reduced by almost 6 times.

Main design stages

The process of creating a universal integrated BIM model can be divided into two main stages of detailing:

development of graphic content (LOD);
elaboration of information attributive non-graphical content of the model (LOI).

Work in both areas is carried out in parallel, with a gradual increase in working aspects from the level of LOD / LOI 100 to the level of LOD / LOI 500, in the following sequence:

LOD/LOI-100. Concept. The concept is being developed - the attributes are approximate overall dimensions, shape. The design object is presented in the form of forming components.
LOD/LOI-200. Stage of pre-project decisions. The attributes of the design object here are the approximate overall dimensions, shape and location in space.
LOD/LOI-300. (Stage P). Development of a working draft - the attributes are the exact overall dimensions, total mass, cross-sectional area. The design is based on the requirements of GOSTs in accordance with agreed data on materials and construction technologies.
LOD/LOI-400. (Stage P). The design object is represented as a specific assembly with a high degree of detail of all parameters and important non-graphic information.
LOD/LOI-500. Construction and operation - attributes are overall dimensions, grades, number and mass of fasteners, type of installation, reference indicators of axial profiles and related non-graphic data.

3D modeling of buildings in construction - myths and reality

Since this technology is only gaining momentum in the domestic construction market, heated debates and discussions constantly flare up around it. Like any innovation, BIM modeling seems to many specialists to be an expensive and unnecessary tool in daily routine work. However, it is not. The cost of a three-dimensional model developed by MEGA-STROY specialists will not exceed the cost of a similar CAD project, and its quality and functionality will be several times higher.

There are several other common misconceptions associated with the use of BIM technology:

The assertion that a project developed using BIM modeling is a model of a building made in graphic, volumetric or documentary form is incorrect. This approach is fundamentally wrong, as it distorts the very essence of the BIM modeling process. Bim project development is a complex of interrelated actions of different specialists acting with the help of modern digital software. As a result of their joint and coordinated efforts, a real model of the future structure is obtained, in which all factors of reality are taken into account with maximum detail.
It is incorrect to say that a BIM project is a 3D model of a building. Yes, outwardly the project looks like a full-fledged 3D construction, however, it will not have its functionality without another main component - the information "stuffing". It is based on schedules, estimates, drawings, site plans, geodetic surveys and much more.
The statement that BIM modeling is the use of one specific computer program is incorrect. Programming is important, but not the only aspect. In addition, there are many programs working within the framework of BIM modeling, and all of them should be integrated into a single coordination center. The package of software tools can vary greatly depending on each specific situation, for example, in individual and industrial construction.

What else you need to know about BIM modeling before ordering a project

For all its uniqueness and versatility, BIM modeling is not an isolated, self-contained system. The guarantee of the quality of the final result will be only the professionalism of the involved specialists, who skillfully operate the tools used in close cooperation with each other.

The BIM model is able to predict and identify errors at all stages of project creation, however, it is not able to correct them on its own. People will do it. No, even the most perfect, program can replace the talent of an architect or planner. The BIM model will help calculate the cost of many financing options, but the customer of the project must make a choice in favor of one or another scheme.

Stages of interaction with the customer

Training. This stage provides for coordination with the customer on the most important issues - the planned construction technologies, equipment and materials. It is also important to define the standards by which the integrated design will be carried out.
Working with BIM-model. At this stage, in parallel with the design, control is carried out by the customer at each level of detail. Communication can be carried out through any convenient channels, including through cloud services with a high level of security. BIM model is sent to the customer in *.DWF or *.PDF format with subsequent provision feedback in the form of comments, remarks and suggestions.
The final stage. Upon completion of all work, the customer receives a BIM-model in electronic form in *.PDF (set of drawings) and *.RVT (information model) formats. If necessary, the customer's specialists are trained in the professional use of design results.

How to order BIM building design

In order for the specialists of our company to start working on your project, it is enough to contact our office or contact us by phone or e-mail. We will answer all questions in detail, calculate the preliminary cost of the work in accordance with the current fixed rates. As soon as you make a positive decision, we will conclude an agreement and proceed to the task. A personal consultant manager will work with you, coordinating the process of interaction with customer representatives.

Advantages of ordering a BIM project for a building in MEGA-STROY

Being engaged in the development of automated BIM projects at a professional level, the company "MEGA-STROY" is constantly expanding and improving the list of services provided. Today we use the best software and intellectual resources of experienced professionals. By contacting our company, you are guaranteed to receive a number of important advantages from mutually beneficial cooperation with competent professionals:

Efficiency in the implementation of the task of any degree of complexity;
affordable prices for all types of services;
full consulting and information support at all stages of cooperation;
assistance in obtaining a building permit, as well as assistance in carrying out construction and restoration work on a project created by BIM.

We are interested in the trust of our customers, we always honestly and clearly fulfill our obligations. All work on the development of BIM models of buildings and structures is carried out in strict accordance with the norms of Russian legislation and the contract concluded with the customer.

According to our rough estimate, based on 20 years of practice, earthworks can "lose" up to 50-60% of the budget. On reinforced concrete and finishing, exactly 30%. On reorder errors during collisions, the cost of an engineer increases by about 10%. It is for this simple reason that when an “evil customer” introduces a BIM model of a building, wild screams and groans begin from all sides.

BIM control will now be on all government orders under the new standard, so screams and groans will be especially epic.

Here I see the trace of all systems, I can get an accurate estimate for each node: and when moving or adding an object, I will receive updates in all design and working documents at once.

What is a BIM Model? This is a three-dimensional model of the building, where all systems are docked and linked in one single plan. We put an outlet in the room - in the total estimate, a new outlet and the corresponding cable footage immediately appeared. The error of such a model for materials is 2%. On paper, a margin of 15% is usually taken, and the excess of this margin is desperately “lost”.

Let's show examples rather than talk.

Here is the main view: here you can see the building model without rendering, just at the level of engineering schemes. In the window now open in the center - a building for inspection, in the background, sections on specific systems are visible.

This is how all the engineering systems of the building “assembly” look like.

You can disable the consistent view and view only specific subsystems. For example, this one is water supply.

And this is electrical.

You can rotate and enlarge the area of interest.

Switch to another system view.

View individual nodes as "bricks", that is, objects (they are then conveniently duplicated in the constructor, for example).

You can see concrete structures and their properties.

Here is closer.

And already on them to impose types of systems or individual nodes.

For the customer, we usually assemble a beautiful render (like below), and we ourselves use the view as above when designing.

About three years ago, computers started pulling BIM models of buildings. Of course, 3D buildings were designed back in the Soviet Union, but now it has become really public and easily reproducible.

Even these "bricks", that is, models of nodes, such as elevators, they are made in 3D and can be viewed from all sides. Since this is not The Witcher or Mass Effect, engine optimization is the last thing to do here, there is no special pre-render, and powerful enough machines were needed to comfortable work with the system.

How data is collected in such a model

Today, building design can go in three ways:

In the old fashioned way, that is, on paper, or rather, in one of the CAD systems. There will be a bunch of different documents, which are then combined in the mind of an engineer into one common project. This is a completely normal method when qualified specialists are engaged in the work. But in reality, in the real world, anyway, someone will cross the cable channel and ventilation, if not during design, then certainly during implementation. Playing on tolerances, the difference in schemes and the lack of a single plan, you can “lose” quite a lot.
Start the old fashioned way and get sketch approval the old fashioned way, and then go into BIM and design everything right away. An intermediate stage is most often needed when the general contractor decides to control the construction normally.
Design directly in BIM. Then the sketch is one of the representations (just saving the model in a certain format and printing), the electrical plan is another representation, etc. All this can even be coordinated in Moscow electronically.

For our office, the slicing of which is visible above, we used both methods. More precisely, they imported old 3D models and project documentation data, and then began to support everything in BIM.

The first stage took several months for two specialists. We took the drawings from AutoCAD and imported them into the BIM environment. Some were in PDF, they had to be traced by hand. We did the architecture and construction for a month. The rest of the time - an engineer, in particular, I had to walk into the building, look at places and photographs. The most important thing that the scheme gave was the absence of system collisions. BIM-environment does not allow crossing engineering subsystems: it's like tracing a board. There are many ways to avoid this and catch bugs.

This is extremely important for the general contractor, because he pays for each such collision at the facility from his own sweat. I've built a residential complex, built a skyscraper, our team has a person who designed three metro stations from scratch, data centers and other smaller facilities - without an account at all. So, every damn time when there is no BIM, ventilation always comes to the column. Fix, move, change. Then the designer says: "It's not like that." And the rigmarole starts from the very beginning. Now we design directly in BIM, and this removes a lot of headaches.

But back to our building. After all the systems were outlined, they began to saturate the engineer and draw up the drawings correctly so that BIM had full specifications. That is, at first, for example, the switchboard was just one node, such as material point, then there appeared a division into separate large devices and lines inside, and then it became so detailed that we already knew the serial numbers of spare parts. This design depth is called LOD: British Standard for Levels of Detail in Information Models. LOD100 and LOD200 are like in computer games when there is a certain constructor and nodes. The model can be used for analysis (based on volumes, areas and orientation by applying generalized performance criteria) and cost estimates based on calculated areas and volumes. Well, planning, of course. LOD300 is already a normal detail for issuing traditional design documentation and for various engineering calculations. There you can also count equipment, products and materials, as well as rough work. The 300th model can be used for collision analysis. LOD 400 is already the release of working documentation for carrying out various engineering calculations, for obtaining accurate data on equipment, products and materials for calculating the amount of work. This model can be used at the construction and installation stage, that is, it will serve as a direct instruction to the builders. For each jamb, you can safely ask. A meter of cable is lost - no one will notice. Lost 50 meters - immediately slept. We usually work at this level, but for our office we aim for LOD 500. This model can be used at the operational stage, consumables like lamps and their life are visible there.

The 400th LOD in the practice of construction gives a few more obvious advantages. Here is one example. A very common mistake is the incorrect calculation of capacities. This is usually done manually by comparing different plans. In BIM, it is automatically considered a system, and everything fits together as it should. Often designers calculate using different methodologies or simply do not notice some detail, and the equipment simply does not turn on in terms of power.
Going beyond the budget is usually up to 7% for reordering new units (this is even if you don’t have to change something in the layout on the fly to install new equipment).

At the 500th LOD, the technical and economic indicators of the building are already the same: it was built with all the formulas for calculating loads, power, brands of toilets, slopes and the exact amount of wire.

What's next

Further, having such a model, any automation modules are screwed to it. You can hang over the work schedule and watch. We will install automation in our building and give away part of the access to the control room in order to manage the building like in Hollywood.

It is very convenient for estimators to work with a BIM model from the 400th LOD. It is convenient for designers - they quickly print and cut into knots. This greatly reduces the time of various works. Educated BIM foremen twist and turn. Contractors at the construction site, of course, do not need this at all, all the “losses” are in plain sight, and it is very difficult to forge documentation. The entire techno-economics is being checked: the earthen mass is perfect, all the pipes, everything. Logs are written: who climbed into the model, when he climbed, what he looked at, what changed. Naturally, all these modules complicate the work in terms of training (you need at least a monthly course somewhere just to read BIM professionally), but this is already a requirement of the standards. At state competitions, everything will now be done through a BIM model. Uneducated contractors will suffer.

How much is it

Transferring 100 thousand square meters under LOD 400 costs approximately the same as 5-6 apartments in the center in terms of money and several months of work. Oddly enough, it still pays off well in savings on the project. However, more the right approach- you need to immediately design in a BIM environment. This is longer by a month at the preparation stage, but it turns out almost free of charge in the total estimate.

More expensive automation. For example, our colleagues made a module for a stadium control system, where there are control sensors at the lower levels that check vibrations, the level of slope of walls and beams, and evaluate the appearance of defects in the metal. Simply put, they help to understand that the stadium can collapse in six months or a year with normal life or a few hours if it was damaged by an earthquake (but it seems to be standing). The same data is transmitted to the Ministry of Emergency Situations in real time.

Here's who needs it:

The abbreviation BIM stands for Building Information Modeling and with in English translates as "building information modeling". Given the name, it is easy to guess that BIM technology is used in construction. However, each person perceives this term differently.

What kind of technology is BIM?

Many people think that behind the letters BIM is the name of the software. Others think that a painted building is BIM. But such a simple definition cannot be given. BIM technologies in design are based on the creation of a three-dimensional model of a building, but in this case, the model is not just a set of geometric elements and textures. In fact, such a model consists of virtual elements that exist in reality and at the same time have specific physical properties. BIM technology allows you to design a building and, even before the start of construction, fully calculate and determine all the processes that will take place in it.

Today, this technology has received an impetus in development, and if earlier it was necessary to install special complex and professional applications to work with it, today there are “stripped down” and simple applications for smartphones and tablets. This allows customers and developers to quickly and conveniently access takes technology to a new level.

Benefits of implementing BIM technologies

The very first and obvious advantage is 3D visualization. Visualization is the most common way to use BIM technology. This not only allows you to beautifully present the project to the customer, but also to find the best design solutions to replace the old ones.

The second advantage is the centralized storage of data in the model, which allows you to effectively and easily manage changes. When you make a specific change to the project, it is immediately displayed in all views: on floor plans, facade or sections. It also greatly increases the speed of creating design documentation and reduces the likelihood of errors.

Data management is another plus. After all, not all the information that is in the BIM model can be represented graphically. Therefore, the model also contains specification catalogs, which are used to determine the labor costs for creating a project. Financial indicators are also available in the model. So, the estimated cost of the project is determined immediately after making changes to it.

And don't forget about saving money. The introduction of BIM technology in the design will reduce financial costs and significantly reduce the commissioning time of the facility. For this reason, most construction companies are trying to use modern information modeling techniques in their practice.

What solutions work on the basis of BIM technology?

The most popular solution based on it is the program for architects ARCHICAD. Slightly less popular, but no less useful, is the BIMcloud software, which makes it possible to organize collaborative design online.

EcoDesigner is a solution for calculation and energy modeling. Well, we should not forget about demonstrations and presentations - a mobile application has been implemented for this. However, there are a lot of programs created on the basis of BIM technology, it is possible to list them for a long time.

Conclusion

BIM is a technology that allows you to create a multidimensional model of a construction object, which will contain all the information about it. Moreover, this model is used not only for construction, but also for the operation of the facility. Therefore, it is completely wrong to think that BIM is only a graphical 3D projection. The range of technology possibilities is very wide. Information Modeling assumes a completely new approach to the creation and management of a building, in which absolutely everything will be taken into account.

All this makes it possible to avoid possible alterations in the design, reduce construction costs, and most importantly, save time. The introduction of BIM has made it possible to make the right decisions at the stages of the life cycle - from investment to operation and even demolition.

However, this technology also requires financial costs. In particular, it is necessary to purchase special software and equipment for training. But these costs will be compensated in the future by reducing the cost of designing and organizing the construction of the building.

Information Modeling Technologies in Moscow

2019

Moscow will switch to BIM in the design of state order objects

The city authorities will switch to the use of BIM in the design of state order objects in three stages by the end of 2019. Mikhail Kosarev, head of the department for the implementation of information modeling technologies of the Moscow Department of Construction, spoke about this in December.

According to Kosarev, even now Moscow requires the use of BIM technologies in the design of multi-apartment residential buildings, social infrastructure (kindergartens, schools, clinics) and administrative and business complexes. However, there are still a number of limitations. In particular, the OCS created in BIM should not include more than two buildings with a total area of each no more than 50 thousand square meters. m. There are also restrictions on the built-in parking area (if any) - no more than 15 thousand square meters. m.

The second stage of transition to BIM is scheduled for July 1, 2020. From this date, the city will begin to require the use of information modeling in the design of fire stations and police departments. Also among the BIM-objects will be areal OCS engineering infrastructure. These are pumping and compressor stations, local treatment facilities, gas control points, heating points, transformer and distribution points.

The third stage is scheduled for September 1, 2020. The city authorities will also include in their requirements the BIM design of road network facilities and all engineering networks. Finally, from January 1, 2021, linear metro facilities and transport hubs will also be added to this list.

2018

BIM technologies will be taught in Moscow colleges

For future modern designers and architects, the usual drawing board and paper drawings are no longer enough. In the last decade, all designers have switched to using computer programs. They allow us to translate into reality any wishes of the customer, to apply new trends in the design of buildings, interior decoration, landscape design.

The innovative approach will ensure the development of design thinking for students of engineering and technical areas, said Alexander Arionchik, director of the Moscow College of Architecture and Urban Planning.

“The presence of a 3D modeling and prototyping laboratory in a modern Moscow college allows us to achieve results at every stage of education. The involvement of students in the process allows them to effectively master new technologies and software products (specialized CAD programs) for modeling, design and engineering, carry out individual and group projects, conduct effective preparation for technical olympiads and competitions, and easily integrate into innovative approaches to learning,” said college director.

2017

Moscow will transfer construction expertise to BIM from 2019

In mid-October, it was reported that the city authorities approved a roadmap for the introduction of BIM technologies in the construction industry. The document outlined in detail the stages of “full-format preparation for the application of BIM” until the beginning of 2019. Moscomexpertiza has been appointed coordinator of the implementation of the plan.

“The plan creates a detailed algorithm of work in this area. We tried to foresee all the necessary measures: from the creation of a project office in the structure of the construction complex to the development of information modeling classifiers and requirements at the design and examination stages,” commented the head of the department Valery Leonov on the document.

The plan for the introduction of BIM technology in Moscow was approved

“In the short term, a number of regulations and requirements will be developed, taking into account the specifics of the capital, which will make it possible to take the first steps to introduce new technology. For 2017-2019, it is planned to launch "pilot" projects - capital construction facilities - in order to test the use of technology for capital construction facilities," the official noted.

Now the department's efforts are focused on developing a standard for the use of BIM technologies in Moscow construction sites. In the near future, according to Leonov, a number of regulations and requirements will be developed, taking into account the specifics of the capital's construction complex. After the new standard is tested on real objects, it can be recommended for use in the regions, which, in turn, will create a unified state standard for BIM in Russia, the head of Moscomexpertiza concluded.

In his opinion, only by fully transferring the state order to BIM will it be possible to create conditions for the full and effective use of this technology by all industry participants. “The practice of working together with designers and developers shows that the most advanced of them have already invested in the implementation of this technology, with the prospect of increasing their competitiveness in the market. But they cannot fully use the technology (with all the advantages), since the state customer works a little differently,” Leonov explained.

BIM in Russia

2019

Construction will switch to BIM in 2020

The construction complex of St. Petersburg is switching to the use of BIM technologies

The Ministry of Construction will offer regions to create centers of competence in BIM

On October 29, 2019, it became known that the Ministry of Construction intends to connect the authorities of the regions to the development of information modeling technologies in Russia. The ministry recommends to subjects of the Russian Federation to create competence centers in BIM, the deputy head Dmitry Volkov said. According to the Ministry of Construction, the first such centers should appear in 2020.

According to him, BIM centers should combine the relevant competencies in the field of expertise, construction supervision, as well as in the activities of regional customers of construction work. Such structures need to actively interact with educational institutions and business, the deputy head of the Ministry of Construction believes.

A number of Russian regions have already actively advanced in the field of information modeling, Volkov added. Among them, he named Yekaterinburg.

Earlier, Russian Railways announced the creation of a Competence Center for the implementation of information modeling technologies in construction. The representative of the state monopoly announced this on October 9, 2019. The purpose of creating the structure is called "improving the efficiency of infrastructure construction".

The Ministry of Construction unites the forces of the professional community to introduce BIM technologies in construction

The Technical Committee for Standardization TC 465 “Construction” and the Project Technical Committee for Standardization PTK 705 “Information Modeling Technologies at All Stages of the Life Cycle of Capital Construction and Real Estate Objects” are joining forces to introduce BIM technologies in the construction industry.

By order of the Federal Agency for Technical Regulation and Metrology (Rosstandart) dated July 12, 2019 No. 1660 "On Amendments to the Order of the Federal Agency for Technical Regulation and Metrology dated June 20, 2017 No. 1382" On the organization of the activities of the technical committee for standardization "Construction" » the merger of technical committees was implemented by integrating PTK 705 into the structure of TK 465. The corresponding order is published on the Rosstandart website.

Consolidation of the forces of the professional community at the TK 465 site will create a single center of competencies necessary for effective work on the implementation of BIM technologies in construction, said Dmitry Volkov, Deputy Minister of Construction, Housing and Communal Services of the Russian Federation.

“The changes made to the composition and structure of TC 465 are aimed at improving and developing standardization work in the field of construction, in particular in the field of BIM technologies. It is assumed that the full members of the disbanded PTK will be included in the profile subcommittee TK 465 - PC 5 "Life cycle management of capital construction projects". Consolidation of the forces of the professional community on one site will definitely increase the efficiency of the implementation of BIM technologies in the construction industry,” said Dmitry Volkov

According to the Deputy Minister, the unification of the forces of the professional community of the industry is an important step in the implementation of comprehensive work on the introduction of information modeling in construction.

The concept of information modeling is enshrined in the Gradcodex

The concept of information modeling is officially enshrined in the Urban Planning Code. The relevant law was signed in June 2019 by President Vladimir Putin.

According to the document, the information model of a capital construction object is “a set of interrelated information, documents and materials about a capital construction object, generated electronically at the stages of engineering surveys, architectural and construction design, construction, reconstruction, overhaul, operation and (or ) demolition of a capital construction object”.

According to the information on the agency’s website, work is underway to create a unified state digital platform that will be integrated with state information systems for ensuring urban planning activities of the country’s constituent entities and state information systems. A single information space will ensure the "seamlessness" of not only the technological process of creating a building, but also the regulation of the industry.

Russia does not need a 100% transition to BIM - President of RAASN

A complete transition to information modeling technologies in design and construction in Russia is not needed. This assessment was expressed by the president of the Russian Academy of Architecture and Building Sciences and the former chief architect of Moscow, Alexander Kuzmin. His words are quoted in May 2019 by Rossiyskaya Gazeta.

According to him, many beautiful buildings have been created in the capital with the help of traditional design technologies. Preparing architectural projects "in 2D" and with the help of all the usual drawings is not so bad, the President of the RAASN concluded.

Schneider Electric will take part in the development of national standards for BIM technologies in Russia

On April 18, 2019 it became known that the Schneider Electric company, the international leader in the field of power management and automation, signed the memorandum of cooperation with the Project technical committee on BIM technologies (PTK705).

“The bill provides the legal basis for the introduction of a unified information management system for capital construction projects through the use of information modeling throughout the entire life cycle, taking into account all business processes, public administration functions and public services in the construction industry.

The amendments introduce the concept of "Construction information classifier" into the Gradkodex. According to the document, this classifier will be designed "to provide information support for tasks related to the classification and coding of construction information in order to automate the processes of engineering surveys, investment justification, design, construction, reconstruction, overhaul, operation and demolition of capital construction projects." It is assumed that the rules for the formation and maintenance of this classifier will be established by the Ministry of Construction. And the operator of the system will be the ministry itself or its subordinate agency.

As stated in the explanatory note to the bill, the introduction of a construction information classifier will allow extracting a whole range of analytical data. Including:

2018

Digital transformation in construction by 2024

On September 18, 2018, it became known that the digital transformation of the construction industry, which involves the adoption and updating of regulatory and technical documents on BIM, the necessary changes in legislation and the creation of an industry digital platform, should take place within 5 years. Dmitry Mikheev, Director of the FAU "Federal Center for Rationing, Standardization and Technical Conformity Assessment in Construction," subordinated to the Ministry of Construction of Russia, spoke about the mechanisms for solving this problem.

The set of measures envisaged by the Federal project "Digital Construction", the development of which was announced by the head of the Ministry of Construction of Russia Vladimir Yakushev, should ensure the digital transformation of the industry by 2024. With the transition to digital construction, it is expected that the costs and time for the construction of facilities built at the expense of the budgets of the Russian Federation at all levels will be reduced by up to 20% in 5 years. And the reduction of time from making a decision on construction to commissioning is up to 30%.

The digitalization of construction involves the automation of all stages and procedures throughout the entire life cycle of an object.

By 2020, it is planned to complete work on the all-Russian classifier of construction information and develop a standard for a digital normative and technical document in construction; from 2021, the translation of normative and technical documentation in construction into a digital (machine-readable) format will begin, which will allow the formation and maintenance of a fund of digital normative and technical documents. documents in construction.

Putin instructed the Cabinet to ensure the transition to BIM from July 2019

Also, methods will be developed and approved for calculating, using digital technologies, the marginal costs for the performance of work and the provision of services necessary for the design, construction of facilities and operation of buildings and structures, verification of the reliability of these costs as part of the investment justification audit.

Among other things, standards for the construction of modern and efficient housing and modern real estate will be developed. In the second quarter of 2020, information on digital models of buildings and structures created as a result of the application of information modeling technologies will be classified as technological data. At the same time, the requirement to store such information on the territory of Russia will be legally fixed.

BIM technologies will become mandatory for government agencies

It will also develop and approve requirements for applicable in the interests of government agencies and state corporations by means of calculation methods, taking into account the requirements for import substitution and the availability of information for inspection bodies.

In the second quarter of 2021, a legislative obligation will be introduced for government agencies and a state corporation to independently design buildings and structures, as well as purchase relevant works and services for the creation of construction projects only on the basis of BIM technologies. In particular, the procurement documentation will need to include the need for appropriate digital models.

Until the end of 2022, all government agencies will carry out the construction of buildings and structures using digital modeling technologies. Based on the experience of implementing construction projects with the participation of funds from the state and municipal budgets of all levels, measures will be developed and implemented to encourage developers to design, construct and operate buildings and structures, as well as purchase relevant works and services for the creation of construction projects based on the use of BIM technologies .

Thanks to the proposed measures, by the end of 2024, the share of projected real estate objects undergoing checks for compliance with requirements and standards without human intervention will amount to 9% of the total number of designed objects. And the share of real estate objects under construction with the use of information modeling technologies will be 80% of the total number of real estate objects under construction.

Remote inspection of construction personnel

Another direction of the document is to increase the efficiency of construction and operation of buildings and structures. To this end, at the beginning of 2019, an analysis will be made of the possibilities of introducing systems for remote pre-shift inspection and remote monitoring of the health status of personnel during the construction of buildings and structures, as well as during the operation of internal infrastructure elements.

An analysis will also be made of the possibilities and effects of introducing digital systems for monitoring, analyzing and predicting breakdowns of intra-house infrastructure. By the end of 2019, a requirement will be established for the mandatory introduction of systems for remote pre-shift inspection and remote monitoring of the health status of personnel during the construction of buildings, as well as during the operation of hazardous elements of the intra-house infrastructure.

Mandatory integration of facilities under construction with Sistema-112 and KSEON

At the beginning of 2020, all developers will be required, when designing planned capital construction projects, to provide for the integration of existing regional and / or municipal solutions of System 112 and the Integrated System for Emergency Public Alert of the Threat or Emergencies (CEON).

By the end of 2020, 10 cities will have implemented systems for economic monitoring, analysis and forecasting of breakdowns of building infrastructure (elevators, pipelines, etc.) for buildings built using information modeling technologies. At the same time, the integration of these systems with digital platforms for managing urban resources will be ensured.

By the end of 2021, all constructed real estate objects that are being accepted by the state commission and transferred to the balance of the state will be integrated with regional or municipal solutions of Sistema-112 and KSEA.

Thanks to the proposed measures, by the end of 2024, injuries at construction sites will be reduced by 15% compared to 2018. All housing construction projects built using information modeling technologies will be equipped with systems for monitoring, analyzing and predicting breakdowns of the intra-house infrastructure. And the share of operated real estate and housing and communal services objects that have a digital twin model will be 60% of the total number of operated objects.

Registration of real estate transactions in electronic form

The third direction of the document is to increase the transparency of the construction, rental and sale of real estate. To this end, at the beginning of 2019, an analysis of the “best world practices” in terms of obtaining a building permit and real estate transactions using digital technologies will be carried out. A regulatory possibility will also be established to check the integrity of participants in a real estate transaction in electronic form using information from state information systems.

Based on the results of the above analysis, “pilot” projects for obtaining a digital building permit will be launched in five cities. In the second quarter, a fully remote registration of temporary registration at the place of stay in electronic form will be provided.

A simplified taxation regime will also be introduced for citizens who rent out one piece of real estate (apartment) using electronic forms of interaction.

It is expected that by the end of 2020, through the use of digital technologies, the duration of permit procedures will be reduced to the level of "best world practices" and the possibility of obtaining and using all required documents and information for a real estate transaction in electronic form. And by the end of 2024, the number of transactions for the lease and sale of real estate concluded in electronic form will amount to half of the total number of transactions.

New BIM joint ventures come into force

The name of the first one: "Rules for the exchange between information models of objects and models used in software systems." The document describes the basic requirements for the creation and operation of information systems that interact with each other throughout the entire life cycle of a building or structure.

The second joint venture was called "Rules for the formation of an information model of objects at various stages of the life cycle." Basically, these rules are aimed at improving the validity and quality of design solutions, as well as the level of safety in the construction and operation of buildings and structures.

Another set of rules will come into force on June 16, NOPRIZ reminded. This is SP 328.1325800.2017 “Information modeling in construction. Rules for describing the components of the information model. The document contains requirements for the components of information models of buildings and structures, but does not apply to digital libraries of these components.

Earlier, the Ministry of Construction reported that the system of regulatory and technical documents for BIM in total will include 15 national standards (GOST R) and 10 sets of rules. Of these, 13 GOST R and 4 joint ventures will relate to the fundamental (basic) areas, the rest - to individual stages of the life cycle. At present, 7 GOSTs and 6 SPs are already operating in the field of information modeling.

2017: The government approved "road map" on BIM technologies

According to the press service of the construction department, the approved document provides for the development of national BIM standards at the stages of design, construction, operation and demolition of buildings, as well as bringing regulatory and technical documents and estimated standards used in construction in line with the classifier of building resources. The plan also provides for the expansion of the functional purpose of the federal state information pricing system in construction in the direction of operation and demolition of capital construction projects.

“The use of BIM technologies is a new era in the construction and operation of buildings. And this is not only 3D modeling, it is also a calculation of the full life cycle of a structure up to its disposal. In the BIM model of the future building, it is possible to “sew” not only the characteristics of materials and processes, but also information on procurement, deliveries and the timing of future repairs,” Mikhail Men commented, adding that only at the design and construction stages, the use of BIM technologies can reduce costs by 20%.

Initially, the roadmap for BIM technologies was planned to be approved by September 1, 2016. At the same time, its latest version, discussed in February 2017 at a meeting of the Government's Expert Council, became the subject of sharp criticism from the expert community. "A feature of this version of the" road map "was that a significant place in it is given to the issues of pricing in operation (9 points out of 14) without reference to the subject of information modeling", - noted the general director of the company "Competitor" after the discussion.

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