Tips for a healthy digestive system. How to maintain the health of the children's digestive system Memo how to protect the digestive system
The main thing when eating is do not bring in germs from dirty hands, unwashed dishes, stale food. Malaise, stomach pain, nausea can be signs of poisoning. Before the doctor arrives, try to free the stomach from the poisoned food with the help of vomiting.
Drink plenty of water or tea so that the poisons get out of the body faster.
While eating do not distract yourself with conversations, televisions, reading.
Thoroughly chew on food - it should be well moistened with saliva. Follow the "rule of the wise": each sip - 16 chewing movements.
- Do not bite through hard objects, do not drink very hot and very cold water – damage the enamel of your teeth.
To strengthen teeth eat raw vegetables.
-Rinse your teeth water after every meal and clean them in the morning and evening.
Noticing tooth damage, visit a doctor
Ticket number 6.
THREE WATER STATES. PROPERTIES OF WATER.
Water is an amazing substance. There is no end to her various transformations: now she is a dewdrop, then a sparkling snowflake, then transparent ice.
In nature, water can be simultaneously in three states. For example, in the summer, at the tops of the mountains, it is in solid condition - in the form of snow and ice, in a waterfall - she is liquid, in the air - gaseous.
When the temperature changes water can go from solid to liquid - this process is called melting. From liquid to solid is freezing. From liquid to gaseous state is evaporation. And the transition from gaseous state into liquid condensation.
Water properties:
Pure clear water colorless
Water has no no taste, no color, no smell
Water fluid, takes the form of a vessel
Water possesses elasticity and almost does not shrink.
Water - good solvent substances (salt in soup, sugar in tea)
Water is important not only for people. Water is the habitat of many animals and plants.
NAME AND SHOW THE EXHAUSTING ORGANS
Unnecessary organs enter the bloodstream substances - products the vital functions of their cells. Water and harmful substances dissolved in it from food come from the intestine. Therefore, the blood constantly needs to be purified. Carbon dioxide and a small portion of the water are removed by the lungs as you exhale. Excess water with unnecessary substances dissolved in it is removed from the body excretory organs - kidneys, ureters, bladder.
Ticket number 7.
WHAT IS SOIL
Soil is the top fertile layer of the earth. The sun, water and wind destroy rocks, turning them into sand and clay. Various bacteria and lichens, while continuing to destroy sand and clay, create conditions for the life of mosses and other plants. The dead remains of plants and animals form humus - the most fertile soil layer. Three hundred years pass until a centimeter of such a layer appears. The thickness of the soil layer varies. In the steppes, it is about a meter, on the rocky slopes of the mountains - just a few centimeters. In hot deserts, in the cold icy expanses of the Arctic, the soil layer may be completely absent.
HOW TO CARE YOUR SKIN
It is necessary regularly sweep dirt from the skin, sweat, sebum and numerous microbes that love to multiply on dirty skin. Take daily shower. Don't be lazy: the skin is yours faithful protector.
Don't sunbathe without resting in the shade. Watch out for heatstroke and skin burns. With a minor burn, you can lubricate the skin surface with a special cream or emulsion.
If on the skin a wound appears, pathogenic bacteria enter it. It is necessary rinse the wound and process its edges with iodine solution... Then it is necessary bandage the wound to stop the penetration of new bacteria into it.
Do not wear tight clothing - it interferes with the breathing of your skin. Tight shoes in winter can cause frostbite on your feet. Rub the frostbite area with clean, dry hands until reddening. Do not rub the skin with snow - cracks may appear through which dirt and germs can enter.
Ticket number 8.
WHAT CAN DESTROY THE SOIL?
The rain will pass, it will give water to the fields, vegetable gardens, orchards - the harvest will be rich. But there are heavy showers, which ruin the future harvest, wash away the fertile soil layer with crops and young shoots. It happens that a strong wind blows out the soil or dries it up with a dry wind. Not only natural phenomena can destroy the soil layer. By improperly cultivating the soil, illiterately caring for the plants, littering with industrial and domestic waste, people make the soil barren. Replenishing the soil with a large amount of mineral fertilizers, unnecessarily using pesticides to combat pests and weeds, you can grow crops, vegetables and fruits that will be harmful to health.
HOW TO PROTECT YOUR VISION
Visual impairment can be corrected by developing eye muscles by wearing glasses. What can spoil your eyesight?
Poor lighting, reading while lying down, watching television for hours, clogged eyes.
Do not stare at the sun with wide eyes.
Do not take sharp, stabbing objects during games.
The book or notebook should be at a distance of 23-30 centimeters from the eyes. The light should illuminate from the left.
Not three eyes with dirty hands.
If your eyes are inflamed, rinse them with tea leaves or chamomile decoction.
If a speck got into the eye, they removed the eyelid from the eye. A tear that appears will wash away the speck.
Ticket number 9.
CHANGES IN THE UNLIVING NATURE WITH THE ARRIVAL OF WINTER
After a rainy, dirty, cold late autumn, winter passes. With the long-awaited winter fun: sledges, skis, skates, slides, snowballs, snowmen. Even heavy snow will not drive children out of the yard like rain. And they are not afraid of frost if they have felt boots on their feet, fur coats on their shoulders, hats on their heads, and mittens on their hands!
In nature, water vapor rises high with air currents, where it enters the very cold layers of the air. There it turns into tiny ice crystals. Crystals attach to each other and form six-rayed symmetrical snowflakes. Snowflakes fall to the ground under their weight.
The first snow often melts. Winter with deep fluffy snow comes later. A snow cover forms on the earth's surface - a non-melting layer of snow. Since that time, it is believed that winter has come to nature. Over time, the snow cover changes: it is compacted, covered with a crust of ice after thaws, snowdrifts are swept by blizzards.
With the arrival of winter, rivers, lakes, ponds are covered a layer of ice... This phenomenon is called freeze-up. People say that the rivers have risen. After freeze-up, snow begins to form on water bodies. Do rivers freeze at the same time? Small and slow rivers are covered with ice earlier than others. Later, freeze-up ends on fast and deep rivers.
NAME AND SHOW THE ORGANS OF HEARING
P. 46
Ticket number 10.
HOW THE BEASTS WINTER
You already know that the body of most mammals (animals) is covered with hair. By winter in many animals molt ends- renewal of wool. It becomes thick and fluffy. In some animals, her color... In the winter cold, the squirrel covers itself with its large fluffy tail like a blanket.
What animals eat in winter? The squirrel has stored nuts, acorns, mushrooms, grains. And the seeds of spruce cones can be useful to her. The fox hunts for mice. The lynx lurked on the low branches of the tree. The fox will not get away from this large wild cat. Wolves are also looking for prey. Families roam. Elks roam in the snowy forest in search of young aspen trees to devour bark and branches.
A lot can be said about the travels of forest dwellers by various traces on snow. But you will not find traces of a badger, bear, hedgehog in the snow. They hid in their holes and hibernate until spring. Have accumulated subcutaneous fat, and they are not afraid of winter - the fat warms and feeds. Bats hang upside down and also sleep.
During hibernation body temperature in animals decreases, breathing and heart rate slows down. Rodents, waking up, eat part of their reserves and fall asleep again, and the awakened bear wanders in the forest until the end of winter. It's scary to meet a hungry crank bear in winter. Surprisingly, it is in winter that a bear gives birth to cubs and feeds them with milk.
PLANTS - LIVING ORGANISMS
All plants need air, moisture, light, heat, nutrients for development. All plants breathe, feed, grow, reproduce, develop. Plants are living organisms... Annual plants die off by winter, perennial plants live for tens, hundreds, thousands of years.
What organs do plants have? What functions do they perform? How do plants reproduce? Each flowering plant has a root system, stem, leaves, flowers, fruits, and seeds. They are the organs of respiration, nutrition, and reproduction of the plant.
Recently all over the world there has been a steady increase in the incidence of the digestive system. Almost every inhabitant of our planet has encountered any disturbances in the activity of the digestive tract.
Typically, medications do little to improve digestion. Therefore, before moving on to methods of treating diseases of the digestive system, we will talk about their prevention.HOPING for medicines, people sometimes do not even imagine that it is possible to cope with intestinal infection, food poisoning, flatulence, abdominal pain, diarrhea, constipation, heartburn or belching by transition to a healthy lifestyle.
It is no coincidence that Academician Nikolai Amosov said:“If a person behaved reasonably and adhered to the rules prescribed by nature, he would be completely healthy and live a long time. We need to convince people to try changing their lifestyle. ”
How to improve digestion
Very important for the digestive tract is proper nutrition
... In order to establish proper nutrition, you must adhere to the following basic rules.
1. Drinking fluids 15-30 minutes before or 2-4 hours after meals, depending on the food eaten.
2. The correct combination of products. Back in 1897, the great Russian physiologist I.P. Pavlov established that different digestive juices are secreted for different products. A little later, AM Ugolev proved that the activity and the amount of enzymes that digest proteins, carbohydrates and fats depend on the type of nutrition. With the simultaneous use of foods that require different digestive juices, they interfere with each other's digestion.
For example, as a result of the simultaneous consumption of meat, digested by enzymes operating in an acidic environment, and potatoes, which require enzymes operating in an alkaline environment, the activity of these enzymes is neutralized. Digestion is impaired, additional amounts of digestive juices are required, the body is overstrained. That is why, with the simultaneous use of incompatible products with each other, the digestive system and the body as a whole are quickly depleted.
Foods containing animal and vegetable proteins are categorically incompatible (meat, fish, eggs, cottage cheese, cheese, milk and dairy products, dry beans, beans, lentils, peas, nuts, seeds, mushrooms), with foods containing starches and carbohydrates (potatoes, cereals, bread and flour products, sugar and all products containing sugar: cakes, pastries, jam, honey, fruits).
A combination of foods containing animal proteins with herbs and vegetables is considered ideal, as they contribute to the good digestion of proteins and the removal of toxic compounds. However, for example, cauliflower, green pea, eggplant, late gourd and late squash are incompatible with fruit. They are poorly combined with animal proteins.
Different proteins are also poorly combined with each other, since each of them has its own nuances in digestion and they interfere with each other. Very bad combinations - porridge with milk and kefir with bread.
Fruit is best eaten separately from other foods: either 30 minutes before or 3-4 hours after a meal. Fruits are divided into 3 groups - sweet, sour and semi-sweet - and they also do not always go together. Representatives of the same group are best combined with each other. Sweet fruits do not go well with sour fruits, but semi-sweet fruits go well with both.
Peaches, melons, blueberries, grapes, blueberries are not recommended to be combined with anything. Sometimes, as an exception, a combination of cottage cheese, cheese, fermented milk products, nuts and seeds with fruits is permissible. For example, you can eat berries with sour cream, but no sugar.
A combination of proteins with fats is acceptable, moreover, animal proteins are best combined with animal fats, and vegetable proteins can be combined with any fats. Since fats slow down digestion, it is advisable to add vegetables and herbs to fatty foods.
3. Moderation in food. You can't eat until you feel full. You have to get up from the table with the desire to eat something else. True, if you are used to eating a lot, then when switching to proper nutrition, you cannot quickly reduce the amount of food eaten in one sitting: this should be done gradually.
Overeating is promoted by the use of cooked and refined foods. Eat as much food as possible(mainly fruits and vegetables) raw and minimally processed. This helps to keep food in moderation.
4. Freshness of the consumed products. It is advisable to prepare food just before eating it. Food prepared several hours before meals promotes the development of decay and fermentation processes in the digestive tract.
5. Variety of foods consumed at different meals. You can't eat a lot during one meal. different dishes... This makes them difficult to digest, as each food requires its own enzyme. Therefore, if you eat many different foods at once, the enzymes that digest each of them will interfere with each other.
6. Alternation of products. You cannot eat the same product or the same dish continuously for a long time. It is necessary to take breaks in the use of each.
7. Getting the most out of your food. While eating, you should not read, watch TV, argue, have unpleasant conversations, sort things out. Smiles, beautifully presented dishes and a table improve digestion.
You need to eat in a well-ventilated area, and even better - in the fresh air (if possible), since oxygen promotes good digestion of food.
You can not sit at the table in a state of fatigue, irritation, immediately after physical work or immediately before work.
8. No rush while eating. You need to eat slowly, chew for a long time and thoroughly so that the food is saturated with saliva as much as possible. This is a prerequisite for the complete assimilation of food, since saliva protects against decay and fermentation. In addition, saliva has a bactericidal effect: it contains the enzyme lysozyme, which dissolves bacteria.
It is very important to follow a healthy diet. What does this mean?
1. You should try to eat a little at the same time 4-5 times a day: this makes food easier to digest.
It is advisable that you have breakfast, lunch and dinner every day.
In addition, it is recommended to eat two more meals between these main meals: at noon and at 5 o'clock.
At the same time, each time you should not have a snack on the go or in a hurry, but be sure to sit down at the table and slowly (which is very important) eat hot full-fledged food.
2. Do not eat food that is too cold or too hot, since such food (especially hot) inhibits digestion. Eating hot food is a slow suicide. Constant temperature trauma to the esophagus and stomach mucosa can contribute to the appearance of tumors.
3. Eat only if you have an appetite. When in doubt about whether or not to eat, you better not eat. Food eaten without appetite is poorly digested, since little gastric juice is secreted. Eating during an illness at an elevated temperature has the same effect.
4. In the evening, it is advisable to eat no later than 7-8 hours and at least 2 hours before bedtime.
5. You can't eat quickly. Even when snacking on the go, you must chew very thoroughly.
6. Sitting at the table, do not pounce on food immediately, even if you are very hungry. If possible, sit at the table for at least 20 minutes from the start of the meal, as the feeling of fullness does not come immediately.
7. Take breaks while eating.
8. Try to eat in the company of pleasant people. and remember that the best seasoning for food is a funny joke and casual conversation.
What foods should you eat and what shouldn't?
Constantly and without restrictions:
- vegetables and vegetable juices,
- fresh fruits and fruit juices,
- green salads without sauces with sour cream or vegetable oil,
- kefir or yogurt (fat-free or low-fat), lean fish.
Regularly, but in moderation:
- bread (best stale, 3 days),
- honey,
- potatoes,
- lentils and beans
- nuts,
- hard cheeses,
- porridge is not sweet,
- eggs (no more than 3 times a week),
- vegetable oil (preferably olive or sunflower oil),
- butter.
Sometimes a little:
- fat,
- chocolate,
- candy,
- cakes,
- cakes.
Constantly, but in very small quantities:
- vegetables containing phytoncides (horseradish, radish, onion, garlic),
- as well as spices (pepper, cinnamon, bay leaf, mint, celery, dill, cumin).
It is recommended to gradually reduce and then completely stop using refined products, especially with a high content of refined carbohydrates ( sugar, White bread, high-grade flour pasta), as well as overly salty foods (cheeses, sausages, smoked meats, canned food), simultaneously reducing salt intake.
I would like to draw your attention to those vegetables that must necessarily be in your daily diet. it beets, potatoes and cabbage.
Beet very important for keeping the digestive tract in good condition. It contains a lot of organic acids and fiber, which enhance peristalsis and have a laxative effect. Betaine contained in beets actively participates in protein metabolism, helps to strengthen capillaries, lowers blood cholesterol levels, has an antihypertensive effect, and pectins neutralize toxic products in the digestive tract and bind heavy metal salts. In addition, beets are rich in iodine.
What are the benefits of potatoes? In terms of digestibility and biological value, potato protein surpasses all vegetable proteins and approaches animal proteins. 10 g of potato protein replaces 6–7 g of meat protein. Potato protein is easy to digest and helps the body absorb animal proteins. 400 g of potatoes cover the body's daily need for potassium, and 200 g of potatoes, boiled in their skins, contain almost daily rate vitamin C.
Rich in vitamin C and cabbage. Moreover, with certain conditions she is able to keep it for 7-8 months. No other type of vegetables possesses such a property, and only citrus fruits retain vitamins for a long time. So Eat More To Provide Vitamin C white cabbage, especially in the spring, when it is no longer in other vegetables.
Please note only that cabbage can contain a lot of nitrates... To get rid of them, cut the head of cabbage and put it in water for 30-60 minutes, changing the water 3 times during this time. At the same time, cabbage becomes not only more useful, but also more juicy.
It is very important to observe the seasonality in the diet. This means that certain foods should be eaten at certain times of the year. For example, in winter and autumn, you need to eat more foods rich in proteins and fats. These include primarily legumes, whole grains, fresh vegetables and fruits, cabbage, pumpkin, greens, in summer - berries, and in the spring - wild herb salads.
Try to eat as many vegetables and fruits as possible raw at any time of the year. It has been experimentally established that raw vegetables and fruits stimulate metabolic processes to a much greater extent than boiled ones. This is especially important for the elderly, since the intensity of metabolic processes decreases markedly with age.
Ideal cold weather food- vegetables, especially dense small roots ( carrots, rutabagas, parsnips). They digest well, providing the body with sufficient heat and energy. Very helpful raw vegetable puree: white and cauliflower, red and white radish, turnip, parsley, broccoli. Puree from these vegetables contains juice that effectively removes toxins from the body, and the fibers contained in the pulp perfectly "sweep away" toxins, enhancing the purifying effect of the juice.
The state of our health depends not only on what kind of food we eat, but also on the work of those organs that digest this food and bring it to every cell of our body.
The digestive system begins with the oral cavity, followed by the pharynx, then the esophagus and, finally, the basis of the foundations of the digestive system - the gastrointestinal tract.
Oral cavity is the first section of the digestive system, therefore, the whole further process of digestion depends on how well and correctly all the processes for the initial processing of food proceed in it. It is in the oral cavity that the taste of food is determined, here it is chewed and moistened with saliva.
Pharynx follows the oral cavity and is a funnel-shaped canal lined with mucous membrane. In it, the respiratory and digestive tracts intersect, the activity of which must be clearly regulated by the body (it is not for nothing that they say that when a person chokes, that food has gone "in the wrong throat").
Esophagus is a cylindrical tube located between the pharynx and the stomach. Through it, food enters the stomach. The esophagus, like the pharynx, is lined with a mucous membrane, which contains special glands that produce a secret that moisturizes food as it passes through the esophagus into the stomach. The total length of the esophagus is about 25 cm. At rest, the esophagus is folded, but it has the ability to lengthen.
Stomach- one of the main components of the digestive tract. The size of the stomach depends on its fullness and ranges from about 1 to 1.5 liters. It performs a number of important functions, which include: directly digestive, protective, excretory. In addition, processes associated with the formation of hemoglobin take place in the stomach. It is lined with a mucous membrane, which contains a mass of digestive glands that secrete gastric juice. Here the food mass is saturated with gastric juice and crushed, or rather, the intensive process of its digestion begins.
The main components of gastric juice are: enzymes, hydrochloric acid and mucus. In the stomach, solid food that has entered it can be up to 5 hours, liquid - up to 2 hours. The components of gastric juice carry out chemical processing of food entering the stomach, turning it into a partially digested semi-liquid mass, which then enters the duodenum.
Duodenum represents the upper, or first, part of the small intestine. The length of this part of the small intestine is equal to the length of twelve fingers folded together (hence its name). It connects directly to the stomach. Here, in the duodenum, bile comes from the gallbladder and pancreatic juice. In the walls of the duodenum, there is also a fairly large number of glands that produce an alkaline secretion rich in mucus that protects the duodenum from the effects of acidic gastric juice entering it.
Small intestine, in addition to the duodenum, it also combines the jejunum and the ileum. The small intestine as a whole has a length of about 5–6 m. Almost all the main processes of digestion (food digestion and absorption) take place in the small intestine. On the inside the small intestine has finger-like outgrowths, due to which its surface is significantly increased. In humans, the digestion process ends in the small intestine, which is also lined with a mucous membrane, very rich in glands that secrete intestinal juice, which includes a fairly large number of enzymes. Intestinal juice enzymes finish the process of breaking down proteins, fats and carbohydrates. The mass in the small intestine is mixed by peristalsis. The food gruel slowly moves through the small intestine, small portions getting into the large intestine.
Colon about twice as thick as thin. It consists of the cecum with the appendix - the appendix, the colon and rectum. Here, in the large intestine, the remains of undigested food accumulate, and the digestion processes are practically absent. There are two main processes in the colon: absorption of water and the formation of feces. The rectum serves as a place of accumulation of feces, which are removed from the body during the process of defecation.
Appendix, as we have already said, it is part of the large intestine and is a short and thin appendix of the cecum about 7-10 cm long. Its functions, as well as the causes of its inflammation, are still not clearly understood by doctors. According to modern data and the opinion of some scientists, the appendix, in the wall of which there are many lymphoid nodules, is one of the organs of the immune system.
But the digestive system, no matter how correctly its individual organs are arranged, could not work without certain substances - enzymes that are produced in the body by special glands. The triggering mechanisms for the digestive system are digestive enzymes, which are proteins that break down large food molecules into smaller ones. The activity of enzymes in our body under the conditions of the digestion process is aimed at substances such as proteins, fats and carbohydrates, and minerals, water and vitamins are absorbed practically unchanged.
For the breakdown of each group of substances, there are specific enzymes: for proteins - proteases, for fats - lipase, for carbohydrates - carbohydrase. The main glands that produce digestive enzymes are the glands of the mouth (salivary glands), the glands of the stomach and small intestine, the pancreas, and the liver. The main role in this is played by the pancreas, which produces not only digestive enzymes, but also hormones such as insulin and glucagon, which are involved in the regulation of protein, carbohydrate and lipid metabolism.
There are a lot of cells that produce digestive enzymes in the pancreas. They form special clusters from which small excretory ducts extend; the secreted juice of the pancreas moves along them, which is a kind of cocktail of different enzymes.
Of no small importance are the glands of the small intestine, in which most of the food is digested.
Digestive system diseases
Disorders of the digestive system bring a lot of trouble to a person. Diseases of the digestive system tend to affect other systems, causing a chain reaction. Digestive disorders result from hereditary or congenital diseases; pathogens that enter the body; malnutrition (eating poor-quality or far from useful products for the body, violation of the food intake, etc.); psychosomatic reactions.
The most common causes of disease gastrointestinal tract are infectious agents, as well as unhealthy diet. So, for example, gastrointestinal diseases are often caused by bacteria: salmonella, staphylococcus, shigella, which enter the body with poor-quality food. Pathogens such as amoebas, worms (roundworms, tapeworms, pinworms) enter the gastrointestinal tract with unrefined, poorly processed foods, contaminated drinking water or through the mud.
IN last years diseases of the digestive system, which are based on improper, unbalanced nutrition, have become more frequent. Excessive consumption of fatty, sweet, flour products leads to an overload of the digestive system. In addition, food eaten on the run is poorly chewed, and therefore poorly absorbed by the body.
A few words should be said about the stresses with which our life abounds, especially in metropolitan areas. Our mental, more precisely, psycho-emotional state has a direct impact on the work of all organs and systems of the body. So, for example, a stressful situation at work, a scandal at home can cause pain in the abdomen, renewal of peptic ulcer disease. It should not be forgotten that many people react to professional and personal problems with ailments of the gastrointestinal system.
Gastritis(from gr. gaster- stomach) - inflammation of the gastric mucosa; is acute and chronic. Acute gastritis develops as a result of excessive consumption of alcoholic beverages or other products that irritate or corrode the mucous membrane. It is accompanied by sharp pains in the stomach, vomiting, and sometimes a slight increase in temperature. Acute gastritis is characterized by a feeling of fullness in the stomach, in addition, diarrhea or constipation, and bloating are noted.
Chronic gastritis does not develop immediately (unlike acute): for a certain time, processes occur that lead to disruption of the cells of the gastric mucosa, secretion of gastric juice, and motor activity. Chronic gastritis often occurs in heavy smokers. In recent years, data have appeared confirming the infectious nature of gastritis. The cause of chronic gastritis is called helicobacteria.
Chronic gastritis, which is inherently an inflammatory disease, bears little resemblance to the usual types of inflammation. In chronic gastritis, the normal recovery of cells of the mucous membrane is disrupted, which leads to its thinning, and, accordingly, a violation of the production of gastric juice. Chronic gastritis, in turn, is subdivided into high and low acidity gastritis. Both forms are accompanied by abdominal pain. With gastritis with high acidity, there is an eructation with a sour taste, heartburn, nausea, and an unpleasant taste in the mouth. With gastritis with low acidity, nausea, vomiting, a feeling of rapid satiety, and flatulence often occur. People with low acidity gastritis tend to lose weight, dry skin, hair loss and brittle nails.
Gastroduodenitis(from gr. gaster- stomach, duodenum- duodenum) most often has a chronic form. This disease affects the duodenum, the mucous membrane of which becomes inflamed, which leads to pain in the stomach and duodenum, bitter belching. With chronic gastroduodenitis in a person 2-3 hours after eating, a state of lethargy, general malaise, weakness, sweating, rumbling in the abdomen, and dizziness may occur. These symptoms are associated with a malfunction of the sensitive nerve endings located in the inflamed mucous membrane of the duodenum.
Diarrhea (diarrhea)(from gr. diarrheo- I expire) is a disorder of bowel function, accompanied by frequent emptying, in which the feces have a soft or liquid consistency. Diarrhea cannot be attributed to diseases, most often it is a symptom of any disease. Diarrhea can develop with intestinal infections, inflammatory bowel and pancreatic diseases, intolerance to any type of food, disturbances in the intestinal flora, intestinal overload, as well as when taking antibiotics or abuse of laxatives. Excessive alcohol consumption can also lead to intestinal upset. Severe or long-lasting diarrhea can lead to dehydration.
There are several types, or types, of diarrhea. Acute diarrhea, which occurs during stressful situations, fear, excitement (the so-called "bear disease") or intolerance to any food. Such diarrhea does not last long, it is harmless and often goes away on its own. Travel diarrhea can last from several hours to several days. It affects travelers, tourists, especially during their stay in Southern Europe, Africa, Asia and Latin America. The cause of this disease is a change in climate, food, the use of cold drinks and ice cream. For chronic diarrhea loose stools repeats over time. The causes of this disease can be inflammatory processes occurring in the large or small intestine, some types of foods. Infectious diarrhea is caused by bacteria and viruses that can enter the body through food or drink. With this disease, spasms, fever, and fever are often noted. Such diarrhea is often observed with dysentery, cholera, typhoid fever.
Dysbacteriosis- a syndrome characterized by a disturbance in the mobile balance of the microflora that populates the intestine. With dysbacteriosis in the intestine, the number of putrefactive or fermentative bacteria increases, mainly Candida. Conditionally pathogenic microorganisms begin to multiply actively.
With dysbiosis, appetite decreases; there may be an unpleasant taste in the mouth, nausea, flatulence, diarrhea, or constipation; feces have a sharp putrid or sour odor; signs of general intoxication are often noted. It is believed that the cause of dys-bacteriosis is, first of all, a violation of digestive processes, as well as prolonged and uncontrolled intake of antibiotics that suppress the normal microflora.
Dyskinesia of the digestive tract- a functional disease, manifested by a violation of the tone and peristalsis of the digestive organs with smooth muscles (esophagus, stomach, bile ducts, intestines). The disease is accompanied by symptoms such as belching, regurgitation of gastric contents after a heavy meal, when the trunk is tilted and in the supine position. In addition, chest pain associated with swallowing is noted, as well as a feeling of heaviness in the stomach, brief abdominal pain.
Constipation- This is a condition in which bowel movements are rare or the stool is a very dense solid mass in the form of small balls. As a rule, in people suffering from constipation, the process of defecation is very difficult and accompanied by painful phenomena. Constipation is acute and chronic.
Acute constipation occurs when a person is temporarily unable to empty their bowels every day. Such a phenomenon is noted, for example, when changing a place of residence (especially if climatic and, accordingly, food conditions change significantly), as well as in some diseases. The main symptoms of acute constipation are a feeling of fullness in the stomach and intestines, bloating, or mild nausea.
If a person for a long time cannot normally empty his intestines every day, then in this case they speak of chronic constipation. For chronic constipation a feeling of fullness in the stomach, loss of appetite, pain in the abdomen and back, headaches, fatigue and lethargy are characteristic. The skin takes on an earthy gray unhealthy hue, and skin rashes on the back and face may occur. Chronic constipation can also be caused by improper diet, leading to intestinal overload; psycho-emotional state; alcohol abuse. Constipation is common in women during pregnancy.
Heartburn is not a characteristic disease, it can most likely be attributed to certain physiological conditions. It is often the result of eating too much or too hasty and dominated by fatty or sugary foods. Heartburn can be an accompanying symptom with irritation of the stomach and intestines, peptic ulcer disease. With heartburn, there are unpleasant painful sensations, usually of a burning nature, arising in the retrosternal region, going from the stomach to the throat. Heartburn is usually accompanied by a bitter or sour taste in the mouth.
Colitis(from gr. kolon- colon) - an inflammatory disease of the colon. With colitis, severe intestinal cramps and pain in the intestinal area often occur, accompanied by diarrhea, sometimes with an admixture of blood and mucus. Colitis can be acute, but most often it develops chronic form... The causes of this disease are: prolonged stress, disorders of the immune system, consumption of unbalanced food, change of place of residence (especially if there is a sharp change in climatic conditions). In addition, colitis can develop as a result of infection of the body with amoebas or any bacteria. Then they talk about infectious colitis.
Pancreatitis(from gr. pankreas- pancreas) - inflammation of the pancreas; it can be acute and chronic. Acute pancreatitis usually develops suddenly and is characterized by severe pain in the upper abdomen and back, which can often be accompanied by shock. In chronic pancreatitis, the symptoms of the disease are not clearly expressed: no severe pain, but the result of chronic pancreatitis may be the development diabetes mellitus... The causes of this disease are not fully understood, but many experts consider as such the presence of stones in the gallbladder, as well as alcohol abuse.
Esophagitis(from gr. oisophagos- esophagus) - inflammation of the esophagus, in which there is heartburn, the flow of bitterness from the esophagus into the oral cavity, and in some cases even difficulty swallowing, sometimes accompanied by pain. Due to the ingestion of gastric contents into the airways, hoarseness and a barking cough may appear in the morning. Complications of esophagitis include bleeding, narrowing of the esophagus, ulceration of the esophagus.
The causes of esophagitis can be divided into two groups: external and internal. External reasons include the ingestion of a sharp object, such as a fish bone, into the esophagus; a burn of the mucous membrane of the esophagus (for example, as a result of acid entering it), which is then complicated by inflammation. Internal reasons include abnormalities in the work of the stomach, which are associated with the processes of defense mechanisms, increased pressure in the abdominal cavity, high acidity of gastric juice. In certain situations, the stomach begins to work so that its juice enters the esophagus, resulting in inflammatory processes, because the esophageal mucosa is much more sensitive to acid than the stomach.
Enteritis(from gr. enteron- intestines) - inflammation of the small intestine, often causing diarrhea and vomiting in a person. Sometimes the patient has a significant loss of fluid. Basically, enteritis is infectious in nature as a result of the ingestion of certain viruses or bacteria into the human body. In addition, the cause of enteritis can be radiation exposure (X-rays or radioactive isotopes).
Duodenal ulcer- an ulcer resulting from the action of acid and pepsin on the mucous membrane. This disease, as a rule, develops against the background of increased acidity of gastric juice. The main symptom of the disease is pain in the upper abdomen, which most often occurs in a person before meals (on an empty stomach). The pain can subside spontaneously and not bother a person for several weeks or even months, but then it can arise with a vengeance. Sometimes the pain is accompanied by vomiting, weakness.
Stomach ulcer develops under the action of acid, pepsin and bile on the mucous membrane of the stomach wall. The secretion of acid in the stomach does not increase. The main symptoms of stomach ulcers are vomiting and pain in the upper abdomen soon after eating; often complications such as gastric bleeding can develop.
Permitted and prohibited foods for gastrointestinal diseases
Information about permitted and prohibited products for diseases of the gastrointestinal tract are given in table. one.
Table 1
Thing: The world
Class: 3
Subject: Digestive organs
Lesson type: ONZ
The purpose of the lesson:
Lesson Objectives:
- Educational: to form an idea of the digestive organs, why you need to eat, how the body digests food, how to protect the digestive system and how our ancestors ate.
- Developing: develop attention, memory, thinking and speech in students.
- Educational: foster a culture and hygiene of food, a responsible attitude to their health.
SUBJECT: have an ideaabout the digestive organs, why you need to eat, how the body digests food, how to protect the digestive system and how our ancestors ate.
META-SUBJECT:
UUD
COGNITIVE - add new knowledge, extract new information presented in different forms.
REGULATIVE - the formation of educational skills and abilities, educational motivation, the ability and desire to organize their own educational activities.
COMMUNICATIVE - listen to others, try to accept a different point of view, be ready to change your point of view; communicate your position.
PERSONAL: education of a tolerant, self-respecting and others, inquisitive and interested citizen of his country.
Means of education: textbook O.T. Poglazova Grade 3 Part 2; presentation; Handout
DURING THE CLASSES:
- Hello guys! My name is Maria Alexandrovna, and today I will teach you a lesson in the world around you.Sit down in your seats.
- " Learning is light and ignorance is darkness!"
How do you understand these words?
So what will our lesson be about?
Teachers greet each other.
Consider a proverb.
If a person studies, he will be smart, and if he does not study, then there is nothing to even talk about with a stupid person.
You always need to study in order to be smart.
2. Updating knowledge.
Now let's repeat with you what you studied in the last lesson.
What organs make up the respiratory system?
Tell us about the work of the respiratory system?
- What are the expressions with the word nose?
- And what can the nose do?
What is it for?
Why is it necessary to breathe through the nose?
TO How to protect the respiratory system?
- What is nicotine?
Where is it kept?
Why was this substance called that?
- How is nicotine excreted from the body?
Nose, pharynx, trachea, bronchi and lungs.
Air passes through the nose, enters the pharynx, and then into the trachea. It is a tube of annular cartilage, which branches into 2 tubes (main bronchi) that enter the lungs and form a tree (bronchial) there, then air enters the lungs through small bronchioles.
Don't poke your nose into someone else's question; lead by the nose; leave with the nose; see no further than your nose; chop your nose, etc.
Breathe.
Breathe, smell.
Because, special hairs grow in the nose, which cleanse of all dust and microbes contained in the air.
Do not smoke, play sports, breathe correctly.
Poison.
In cigarettes.
A potent substance was found in tobacco, which was named after the discoverer J. Niko.
No way.
3. Problem explanation and fixation of new knowledge.
Why do you think a person eats?
What organs help a person to eat?
Guess what we will talk about in the lesson?
What goal will we set today?
What is the importance of nutrition in human life?
Why does a person need food?
What kind of substances are they?
What are they needed for?
What are fats?Slide 2.
What are they needed for?
What are proteins? What are they needed for?Slide 3.
What are carbohydrates?Slide 4.
What are they needed for?
What are vitamins?Slide 5, 6.
How does the body digest food?Slide 7 - 15.
How to protect the digestive system?
For growth, movement, work.
Teeth, mouth, stomach, tongue.
About the digestive organs.
Form an idea of the digestive organs; what you need to eat for; how to protect the digestive system; how our ancestors ate.
Any movement needs fuel. Cars need gasoline. For plants, soil and sunlight... For us, food is fuel. To move in our case means to be a living person. We need constant nourishment, as we are consuming our energy all the time.
With food, a person receives the necessary nutrients.
Nutrients provide the vital functions of the human body.
Nutrients that provide the body with energy.
For energy, for assimilation of vitamins, for appetite control, for thermoregulation, for taste, for movement, for transporting substances.
Nutrients that are needed for the growth and development of the body.
Nutrients, which are the main provider of energy for our body.
Carbohydrates are needed for normal life, without carbohydrates you will feel tired, irritable and completely apathetic.
Vitamin is the source of life.
First, food enters the mouth, then into the pharynx, then into the esophagus, then into the stomach, then with gastric juice is sent to the duodenum, then bile is released from the liver, which dissolves fats, then nutrients enter the intestines.
Eat fresh food, wash dishes, hands, food, do not overload the stomach with food.
4. Primary reinforcement in external speech.
Work according to the textbook.
Now open the tutorial on page 34.
Starting from the first school desk, we read one paragraph at a time.
What substances are found in food?
Why are vitamins important?
What organs are included in the digestive system?
What functions do they perform?
Why do you need to caress your mouth after every meal?
What foods strengthen your gums and teeth?
When does food poisoning occur?
What should be done in this case?
Physical education
Once - we will rise, we will stretch,
Two - bend down, bend up,
Three - clap, three claps,
Head three nods.
Four - arms wider
Five - wave your hands,
Six - sit down quietly.
Find a page in a tutorial.
They read the material in paragraphs, answer questions about the textbook.
Fats, proteins and carbohydrates, mineral salts, vitamins.
The fact that they are the source of life.
Esophagus, stomach, liver, intestines.
In the oral cavity, teeth, tongue, saliva mix the food, turning it into gruel and send it into the esophagus, the muscles of the esophagus push the gruel into the stomach, with the help of gastric juice and bile, nutrients enter the intestines.
Because teeth can be decayed and food debris can remain.
Dairy products, carrots, apples.
Dirty hands, unwashed dishes, stale food.
Drink plenty of water so that poisons are quickly excreted from the body.
Do a physical education
5. Independent work with self-test.
Independent work. Test.
Topic: Digestive organs.
1. Why does a person need food?
a) a person receives nutrients with food;
b) with food, a person receives oxygen necessary for life;
c) a person receives water and vitamins with food.
2. Where does digestion begin?
but) b) in) 
3. How many times a day should you eat?
a) 1 time
b) 1-2 times
c) 3-4 times
4. What organ system does the pharynx include?
a) circulatory
b) musculoskeletal
c) digestive
5.Where is food grinded?
a) in the oral cavity
b) in the stomach
c) in the intestine
6. Where is food digested?
a) in the oral cavity
b) in the stomach
c) in the esophagus
1.A)
2.A)
3. C)
4. B)
5.A)
6. B)
6. Incorporation of new knowledge into the knowledge system and repetition.
- Slide 16-17.
What 2 groups can we divide these products into? (tomatoes, chicken, mushrooms, cheese, fish, onions, parsley, carrots, eggs, sausages, apples, butter).
- Slide 18-19.
What 2 groups can this food be divided into? (strawberries, tomatoes, rollton, hamburger, chupa-chups, salmon, soda, apples, chips, garlic).
Vegetable products (tomatoes, apples, parsley, carrots, onions, mushrooms).
Animal products (butter, chicken, egg, sausage, cheese, fish).
Healthy (strawberries, tomatoes, salmon, apples, garlic).
Unhealthy (rollton, chupa-chups, soda, chips).
7. Reflection learning activities at the lesson.
Who can answer what we learned in today's lesson?
What was difficult for you?
- What will come in handy?
Homework. P. 34-40 read and retell.
Participate in the discussion.
Answers questions.
Draw conclusions.
Write down homework.
Psychologists assure that you can find inner harmony and happiness by developing yourself. In addition, knowledge helps us to be more attentive to health. Now you can learn a lot of facts, read many books about healthy way life, and this information will allow you to strengthen your body and spirit.
We do not live in order to eat, but we eat in order to live!
A huge number of experienced and beginner specialists willingly share recommendations on how to start your day, what kind of nutrition is better at a particular age and why sport is in our life.
Everyone knows that hobbies are useful for emotional comfort: music, dancing, sports, needlework, drawing. You can find yourself in the most unusual hobby, grow in this occupation.
For people developing spiritual practices, there are many virtual, real communities that enthusiastically discuss philosophical trends and religious views. The methods of spiritual development are very individual.
For people who want to live an active healthy life, there are also forums of interest. Many trainings, seminars, events dedicated to the topic of health are now available in almost any city. Knowledge is power, and now information has become more accessible and diversified.
Medical opinion
Healthy digestion is the key to inner balance
Physical improvement gives tremendous potential. The very fact that you started to do morning runs, going to the gym, swimming pool, regularly exercising at home will already be a pleasure. The appearance of the first results will be the best incentive to continue training.
Usually, this is where the consideration of possible directions of personality development ends. It's amazing that the most basic need is forgotten. A person must eat right, have a healthy one.
On our website, we try to cover the issues of healthy eating in full, in addition, we provide the opportunity to sign up for a consultation with specialists if you are interested in an individual approach to solving your issue.
If, when improving spiritual, emotional, professional life, it is recommended to first read, think, consult, and then proceed, then disturbances in the process of digesting food definitely require help and consultation is needed first of all.
There are many propaganda and commercial distortions in the media. I remember the period when everyone was convinced of the harmfulness of meat. It causes aggression, poor health. At the same time, they did not talk about the need to increase other animal proteins in the diet. Any specialist knows about the human need for essential amino acids.
You can get them in sufficient quantities with a daily variety of vegetable proteins in the diet, which is difficult in our conditions. Either the lack of valuable amino acids in meat must be compensated for with fish proteins.
Nowadays advertisements are often advised to take those that improve the digestion of foods in the stomach. Yes, foods that are not digested in a timely manner will lead to the formation of harmful substances. Imagine that the contents of your breakfast or lunch are stored for several hours at a temperature of about 37 degrees. Such a mixture will indeed lead to a slow poisoning of the body.
The reason may not be a lack of enzymes, but their low activity due to impaired acidity. So, first of all, you need to be examined, consult a doctor, and then buy drugs recommended by advertising.
On our website site you can find objective information about digestive problems, ways to eliminate them.
Healthy digestion is a healthy person!
A lot of information has emerged about the benefits of fiber for bowel cleansing. They began to sell it in banks, it is recommended to take it with spoons. This is not justified because fiber is a ballast substance that is not broken down in the digestive tract. An excess of it will lead to fermentation and.
A reasonable diet, normal splitting, disposal of products in the body will create a feeling of lightness and vigor, create conditions for the implementation of all plans.
The world of knowledge is now endless as never before, so it is important to check any information, ask questions to the doctor, and clarify. Remember, knowledge and proven information is more effective than self-medication, so for advice you need to turn to experts - doctors!
Be healthy! And to how to eat right, oh healthy eating and the process of digestion will tell you the video:
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Along with this article read:
The Easy Way to Health with Forks Instead of Knives
