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Organization of a plot of cargo cargo. Diploma Reconstruction of the zone that with the development of car wash cars car wash for trucks project

SAB car washing is designed to wash trucks arriving at the site. Car wash with sewage treatment plants and a circulating water supply system is located in a separate building. Water for washing is consumed from a circulating water supply system. To clean the contaminated waters formed during the washing of vehicles, it is envisaged to install a block-modular water treatment complex. To ensure the need for compressed air, an installation is provided in a separate compressor room.The building is provided - one-two-storey, dimensional in terms of 14.4x24.0 m height 7.5m. By mp +3.0 m built-in ventilation chamber.Building - II degree of fire resistance.According to the functional fire danger, the building class F 5.1.The class of structural fire danger of the building - C0.The class of fire safety used construction and finishing materials K0.The used bearing structures have the limits of fire resistance corresponding to the degree of fire resistance of the building.The framework of the building is steel, lined with fire-resistant gypsum, using non-aggravated mineral wool.Wall fences - from Sandwich - TRIMO panels by steel frame.The base is foam concrete blocks, lined with concrete tiles "under natural stone".Sink for trucks - one-two-storey building from TRIMO wall sandwich panels, the color of "ivory" (according to the RAL 1015 catalog).The base of the building from foam concrete blocks. Facing the portal and basement concrete tile "under natural stone" of the company "Ramrock" "Fabulous city" by the color of the light tone (according to the 02650 catalog).PVC window blocks - white profile, with double double-glazed glass of transparent polished glass M-1 brand, 4 mm thick.Finishing inland walls. The inner walls and partitions are plastered and painted. The bottom of the walls or partitions is lined with ceramic tiles to a marker ~ 3m.Finishing ceilings. In the premises of washing and wastewater treatment, the ceilings are made of steel profiled sheet with a coating (factory readiness).In the rest of the premises, the ceilings are painted with water-emulsion and silicate paints into light tones. Floors. The floors of the room are a mosaic concrete floor along the underlying concrete layer.The building is one-two-storey, with dimensions in terms of 14.4x24m, with a height of the bottom of the coating runs 6.00. At a mark 3.00 in the axes of Gd,4-5 built in a ventka.The framework of the building is steel, the pitch of columns along the axes A, B, G is 6 meters, between the axes of AA-B 8 meters, between the axes of the G. 6.4 meters. The stability of the building is provided by vertical bonds on axes A, 1-2; A, 4-5; G, 1-2; G, 4-5, horizontal coating links and frame nodes in places of adjacent columns to the coating runs along the axes 1, a-b; 5, a-bFoundations - reinforced concrete pillars on the pile base.Piles Buried Ø 400 mm 16-18 meters long.In the building in the B-B axes, 2-3 there are reinforced concrete pitches with the bottom of the bottom of the bottom of the bottom -1.80, -2.90, and in the washing unit in the axes A-b, 1-5, the system of channels for washing wastewater.Overlapping in the axes in G, 4-5 is a monolithic reinforced concrete plate on metal beams.Coating - steel profiled flooring on metal beams.Walls - from the TRIMO Sandwich type panels.The base is foam concrete blocks, lined with concrete tiles under the "natural stone".Gate - steel lifting-section.

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1. The history of the creation of MP "Vodokanal"

In 1950, on March 22, at a meeting of the executive committee of the Khanty-Mansiysk city council of workers, the working people decided to build urban water pipes and approval of estimates of expenses in the amount of 999,690 rubles at 1945 prices. Chairman of the Executive Committee of the City Council at that time was Pakin K. B., secretary of the Executive Committee Khudyakov I.L.

In 1956, the project institute with "Giprombommumunvodokanal" of Novosibirsk was developed a project of economic and drinking water supply of the city of Khanty-Mansiysk, which provided for two queues of construction.

In 1966, the buildings and structures of the urban water supply and water supply were transferred to the balance of Urban Council No. 288 dated December 14, the buildings and facilities of the urban water supply and water intake wells were transferred to the Balance of the Office of Communal Enterprises. The combine of utility enterprises was located at: ul. Sirina, 59.

In 1970, the first pumping station was commissioned on the street. Sverdlova, which served water by steel water pipeline with a length of eight hundred meters to st. Rose (red) and ul. Kalinina.

In 1978, the length of water supply networks was 7.8 km, watershed columns - 20 pcs., Wells on a network -70 pcs., Fire hydrants - 50 pcs., Alarms on the networks of the water pipeline occurred 3, the number of workers of the plumbing workshop was 48 people.

On February 1, 1986 on the water intake on the street. The plumbing operated 11 artesian wells with a capacity of 2,784 m cubic meters / day. The deferrization station was 5 pressure filters with a diameter of 2,400 mm of the Taganrog plant. Single-stage filters are loaded with quartz sand with a fraction of a fraction of 0.8-1.2 mm. Filters replaced by water 300 m cubic meters. / Day. Scroll waters are carried out on the relief. The length of urban water supply networks was more than 10 km.

By 1990, the length of urban water supply networks was 20 km, on the networks of the water pipeline there are 24 water treatment columns, 94 water wells, the number of subscriber entries - 4,268. The operation of the water pipeline was operating in the city of the city.

Since 1996, the reconstruction of water treatment facilities on the street began. Plumbing, which lasted about ten years.

The territorial program "Providing high-quality drinking water of the Population of the KhMAO" was played a major role in the development of water supply and drainage systems of the city of Khanty-Mansiysk. In the following years, under the program, the main urban objects and water supply and water disposal facilities were built. By 2003, the water supply of urban areas was carried out from the water intake of "Northern" - this is the OMK, an incisement, the northern part of the city, and from the water intake "South" - Samarovo district. To ensure the main part of the city on the water supply from the water intake, the station of 3rd lifting with a capacity of 4,320 m 3 / day.

In 2003, the total length of individual discovering plumbing networks, which are in operation of various organizations, is 79.68 km and 70 km of water supply networks, laid jointly with thermal networks.

In 2005, with the completion of the reconstruction of the water intake "Northern" and the commissioning of water treatment facilities, water coming to the consumer in all parameters corresponded to regulatory requirements. Water supply of Khanty-Mansiysk and adjacent areas (OMK, Education and SU-967, P. Mountain) is carried out from the water intake of the "Northern" project capacity of 16 thousand m3 / day.

For 2007, the average daily production volume amounted to 13.02 thousand m3 / day, and water supply to the city - 12.39 thousand m3 / day.

In 2008, connected to the central water supply of 189 consumers.

In 2009, the average daily volume of the water consumption of the city amounted to 13.97 thousand cubic meters / day. For 2009, 5,102,3 thousand m3 of water were produced on the water intake.

In 2009, 208 individual houses and objects are connected to the central water supply. Consumers of water for the summer period were issued and issued technical conditions in the amount of 206 pcs. On joining urban engineering networks of water supply.

Currently, the water supply of the city is carried out centrally from the water intake "Northern". Water production is carried out with underground water intake using highly rigid wells. Water preparation before compliance with SanPine regulations 2.1.4.1074-01 "Drinking water" produce on water treatment plants located on the territory of the North water intake. Water transportation in a pre-enhancing water supply network is carried out from a 2nd lifting pump station located in the same room with water treatment plants. The workshop includes the following structures separated by types of services. The pumping station of the first lift consists of 8 high-sided wells up to 100 m 3 / hour each and two low-code wells up to 25 m 3 / h. In the process of water purification scheme included: water treatment plants - a pump-filter station with filters of the first and second stage, a system of ozonization with a reservoir-averaner V \u003d 1 000 m 3 and aerator-degasser, pumping and compressor station, water pumping for filters and pumping A group for washing tanks. The production capacity of water treatment facilities is 16.0 thousand m3 / day (666.7 m 3 / hour), taking into account the volume for technological needs in the amount of 1.0 thousand m3 / day. The total length of the active water supply networks served by MP "Vodokanal" is 128 km.

2. Charter of the enterprise MP "Vodokanal"

General provisions

Municipal Vodokanalizational Enterprise of the Municipality of the city of Khanty-Mansiysk, hereinafter referred to as the "Enterprise", was created on the basis of the decision of the head of the city administration of Khanty-Mansiysk №82 dated 12.02.1992

Abbreviated company name of the enterprise in Russian: MP "Vodokanal".

The company is a successor of the rights and obligations of the municipal enterprise "Aquarius" in accordance with the transfer act of January 15, 1997.

The company is a commercial organization.

The powers of the owner of the property of the enterprise carries out the Department of Municipal Property of the Administration of the city of Khanty-Mansiysk (hereinafter referred to as the Department of Property).

The company is a legal entity, has an independent balance, calculated and other accounts in banks, a round seal containing its full company name in Russian and an indication of the location of the enterprise. Printing an enterprise may also contain its brand name in the languages \u200b\u200bof the peoples of the Russian Federation and (or) a foreign language.

The company has the right to have stamps and forms with their brand name, its own emblem, as well as a registered trademark and other means of individualization registered in the prescribed manner.

The company replies on its obligations to all property belonging to it. The company is not responsible for the obligations of the owner of his property (municipality), and the municipal formation is not responsible for the obligations of the enterprise, with the exception of cases provided for by the legislation of the Russian Federation.

The enterprise from his own behalf acquires property and personal non-property rights and is responsible, acts as the plaintiff and the defendant in the courts of various subordinates and jurisdiction in accordance with the legislation of the Russian Federation, international legal acts.

Place of location (legal address) of the enterprise: Khanty-Mansiysk, ul. Water, 2.

Objectives, subject and activities of the enterprise

The company was established to address the local importance of the municipal formation of the Khanty-Mansiysk Autonomous Okrug - Ugra City District, the city of Khanty-Mansiysk (hereinafter referred to as the city of Khanty-Mansiysk) in the field of creating conditions for providing the population, enterprises and organizations with water supply and drainage.

The subject of activity of the enterprise is to ensure the fulfillment of the issues of the local meaning specified in paragraph 2.1. of this Charter, in the city of Khanty-Mansiysk.

To achieve the goals specified in paragraph 2.1. This Charter, the company carries out the following activities:

Water supply of the population, enterprises, organizations of the city and drainage;

Operation, repair, construction of outdoor engineering networks and communications;

Activities for the design of buildings and structures I and II of the level of responsibility;

Activities on the construction of buildings and structures I and II of the level of responsibility;

The right of the enterprise to carry out activities to which in accordance with the legislation of the Russian Federation requires a special permit - a license, an enterprise occurs from the enterprise from the date of receipt or to the period specified in it and is terminated after its expiration, unless otherwise established by the legislation of the Russian Federation.

municipal motor vehicle Vodokanal

3 . LocationATC and characteristics of the staff of the enterprise MP« Vodokanal»

The MP MP "Vodokanal" is located in the area of \u200b\u200bthe CRM at the intersection of Renin and Obskaya streets, not far from Engels Street. The location is due to a number of reasons for which it can be considered successful: near the roads with a lively movement (ul. Bypass) - one of the main highways of the city (because it moves a large stream of cars towards the Nyagan route and the highway to Nefteyugansk) ; (St. Engels) - also the main highway located in the city center.

The entrance to the vehicle is convenient. There is a location pointer. On the territory there is a platform for parking a / m of customers, which is closed by goal. There is a watchman. The location of the posts is convenient - all posts are located in the same room.

In the transport shop of MP "Vodokanal" work 79 people. Among them: 2 leaders, 1 specialist and 2 workers who have higher education; 25 workers who have primary vocational education; 7 people with secondary vocational education and 42 workers with the main common.

Personnel qualifications are high enough. Each of the employees is competent in its field and is constantly expanding the circle of their knowledge and skills. From time to time, employees undergo additional training, or are engaged in self-education, improving their qualifications.

The appearance of the staff is not very different from the appearance of employees of other enterprises - all are dressed in uniform work clothes (overalls, or costumes), which they are issued.

If desired, the client can communicate with the personnel repairs its car - the Master will answer all the questions that are interested in the work performed.

The acceptance of the car in the repair and compilation of the contract for the implementation of services is engaged in the main mechanic. He also monitors the quality of work performed and is engaged in filling out the acts of work performed, and also acts as a cashier.

4 . ATC services

MP MP "Vodokanal" is designed for the maintenance, current and overhaul of motor transport and special equipment of the enterprise, as well as third-party organizations that have concluded an agreement with him for maintenance of technology.

Main types of shops:

Repair and maintenance of motor vehicles;

Transport services (freight transportation);

Transportation (delivery) to the population of drinking water;

Disport of liquid household waste.

In addition, the company has the right to rent major and working capital at the expense of its sources of funding, which is very relevant in our time and brings very good profits.

At the expense of the right to foreign economic activity, the enterprise provides services for the repair of equipment to organizations and individuals, which also brings profit.

5 . Vehicles used in MP« Vodokanal»

2 units of hydrodynamic machines, 4 units of ulosions, 4 units equipped with repair and welding works, and other special equipment are involved for servicing water supply and drainage networks.

There are 55 units of various motor vehicles on the balance sheet of the enterprise, on average 45 units with a lifting capacity of more than 7-9 tons. The average percentage of wear of rolling stock is 84.4%. At the moment, there is an acute need to update rolling stock, namely, special equipment (hydrodynamic machine, Ilososos, Ass / Machine), which will significantly reduce financial and labor costs for the maintenance of motor vehicles. In 2013, two excavators were purchased for the repair and maintenance of water supply networks and sewage networks, two vehicle cars were also purchased, for the transport of emergency brigades and equipment.

In order to reduce the costs of fuel and more efficient use of vehicles, in 2012, satellite control devices were established for motor vehicles, which made it possible to control the operation of vehicles throughout the change, taking into account the route of movement, speed mode, fuel consumption.

Also, the main part of the rolling stock is translated into the use of oils for the two-quality engineering: such as shellrimula, which made it possible to reduce the number of planned TO-1 and TO-2. The characteristic of rolling stock is presented in the table.

Characteristics of the rolling stock MP "Vodokanal"

Vehicle brand and model	Purpose of car	Owl release
	Water truck
	Water truck
KAMAZ-43118S.	Water truck
	Passenger
	Gruchopassazhire
	Freight
	Freight
	Passenger
47955-0000010-62	Car - workshop
	Onboard
	Passenger
	passenger
	Passenger.
UAZ-220694-04	Passenger.
Mitsubishi Lanser.	Passenger.
	Onboard





	Truck crane
KAMAZ 532150.	Onboard
KAMAZ-55111	Dump truck
KAMAZ-65115	Dump truck
KAMAZ 532000.	Onboard

KAMAZ-53212.
KAMAZ-53212.	Hydrodin
	Hydrodin


KAMAZ-53215	AC / car
KAMAZ-53215	AC / car
KAMAZ-53215	AC / car
KAMAZ-53215	AC / car
KAMAZ-53215	AC / car
KAMAZ-53215	AC / car
KAMAZ-53212.	AC / car
	AC / car
	AC / car
	AC / car
	AC / car
	AC / car
	AC / car
KAMAZ-53215	AC / car
KAMAZ - CO507A.
	semitrailer

	loader
	loader
	loader
	excavator
	excavator
	excavator

Water transportation

Wastewater transport

	car model	Gos.Number

	KAMAZ 53212.

	KAMAZ 53212.

Transportation for pumping wastewater

Transportation for the export Zob

	car model	Gos.Number
	KAMAZ 53215.
	KAMAZ 53215.
	KAMAZ 53215.
	KAMAZ 53215.
	KAMAZ 53215.
	KAMAZ 53215.
	KAMAZ 53213 A.
	KAMAZ 53215.
	KAMAZ 53215.
	KAMAZ 53215.
	KAMAZ 53215.

Passenger, passenger motor transport

	car model	Gos.Number




	Lada Largus
	UAZ-2200694-04

Transportation of general education

	car model	Gos.Number
	A / k. COP 457191
	KAMAZ 532150.
	KAMAZ 532000.
	KAMAZ 65111





	MAZ 642202-220


	cartilar


	Trailer

6 . Organizational structure of the enterprise MP "Vodokanal"

The organizational structure of the combination of methods by which the labor process is first divided into separate working tasks, and then coordination of actions to solve problems are achieved. In fact, the organizational structure determines the distribution of responsibility and powers within the organization. As a rule, it is displayed in the form of organigram - a graphic scheme, the elements of which are hierarchical ordered organizational units.

Organizational structure of the enterprise MP "Vodokanal"

7 . MP MP "Vodokanal"

The motor vehicle is at the intersection of Renin and Obskaya streets, the total area of \u200b\u200bthe workshop is about 610 MI. In the workshop about 5-8 different sections:

Motor;

Fuel;

Locksmith;

Mednitsky;

Rechargeable;

Post and Tr.

8 . Analysis of the activity of the cargo complex for freight cars and special equipment MP "Vodokanal"

At the moment, in the enterprise MP "Vodokanal" there is a carmetry complex located on the street. Kalinina. For the enterprise, it is completely inconvenient, since with the passage of it and its production on the overhaul, it is necessary to carefully launder the car, completely clearing its body and the bottom from road dirt. At the enterprise itself there is only a small car wash of the car units, which is directly in the workshop itself. Therefore, I was taken by the development of the machine-made complex for this enterprise. The demand for car exchange services in Khanty-Mansiysk is significantly high, also an enterprise on a commercial basis can provide services for other enterprises and residents of the city. To date, the contactless car wash is the most popular way to clean the body and car units, because the car's paint coating does not damage. MP "Vodokanal" will have a modern washing chamber, which will allow servicing cars long up to 12 meters and up to 6 meters high, and modern equipment will be selected.

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Features of a cargo car

The result of modern globalization was the possibility not only to navigate from one point to another, but also to move cargo, including large, at the most different distances. Similar intercity and international transport are carried out on a long, overall vehicle. They have a lot of advantages, but also the hassle of highlights add too.

This problem is paradoxical. On the one hand, there are customers who are ready to use the services of cargo mooles, which means there are few competitors, and many consumers. On the other hand, the cargo machine-made business does not require special investments and special knowledge and skills. All the essence is to find a suitable place and install the necessary equipment.

What can be washed in the car wash:

agricultural machinery
road equipment,
tanks
buses
trucks (trucks, kamaz, transport with trailer),
minibuses (Gazelles, vans).

Benefits and Disadvantages of Business

How promising and profitable to invest in a car-made business? Consider a number of obvious reasons.

How often have you seen pure freight transport or special equipment? Contrary to prejudices that the owners of such lump trucks prefer once again not to spend money on the sink, truckers themselves complain that there is an acute shortage of places where they could "redeem" their iron horse. And to clean such transport yourself manually very problematic.

Most enterprises with their own fleet with heavy trucks have a clear regulation, according to which the machines must have a presentable (including pure) appearance, otherwise the driver can shield a fine. Violation of the legislative norm noting that the vehicle numbers must necessarily be available to the surrounding surrounding, and at all threatens with recovery or even confiscation of a driver's license for the time. In order to avoid misunderstandings, the owners of companies are asking for an outsourcing foundation, as necessary, to carry out washing and caring for their cargo machines.

Among other things, the construction of the car wash is made literally in 2 months. Therefore, a businessman, the future owner of a cargo type washing, with the predicted influx of customers will be able to quickly recoup the starting capital and start making money.

Another "penny" in favor of car wash for trucks - the presence of a large-scale target audience. Drivers of this group of vehicles will be very grateful and, which is important, permanent consumers of cargo sink services.

Stationary Single Freight Car Wash Plan

Car wash for trucks differs from passenger car wash with some features, which in some cases can be considered as deficiencies. Among them must be listed:

considerable consumption of resources (water, electricity, detergents),
smaller range of services (just washing, without polishing and drying),
the need for the presence of drivers (if required so that the truck itself drove through the watering cranes and brushes),
cost value due to large volumes of construction (boxing should be at least 25 m in length and 6 m wide, solid foundation, large gates).

Types of cargo miles

Severe two main types of trucks for trucks:

Mobile car wash does not require large investments and purchasing a land plot, and also faster and pays off. Stationary car wash is an order of magnitude more expensive, however, it allows you to serve several cars at once and therefore brings good income.

Stages of the sale of a freight car wash project

As you know, any entrepreneurial activity begins with the plan, which, with a skill-time approach, turns into a project. The following steps must be required in the list of business plan points on the opening of a cargo car wash:

check in,
selection of land and premises,
selection of equipment and inventory,
personnel recruitment
advertising.

Consider each of the steps more.

Registration of the company

Draft car wash for truck - business requiring registration as one of the entities of business activities. If the Demale is only a novice businessman and has never had a business environment before, he needs to first register. What type of registration is most suitable?

It all depends on the number of companions and starting capital:

IP Suitable if the entrepreneur has enough financial tools to alone implement the project;
Ltd It is necessary if business partners, ready to start a car wash, several.

What kind of documents do you need to prepare for the execution of the company?Take care so that you have:

certificate of registration of a legal entity or IP,
certificate of the fact of the presence of the Earth (lease agreement, ownership),
treaty with utilities (servicing engineering networks),
treaty on garbage disposal.

Cargo Mobile type car wash

In the statement of OKPD-2, we specify the following OKVED code (All-Russian Classifier for Economic Activities) - 45.20, which means "Maintenance and repair of any vehicles". Let you not frighten that this cipher does not indicate exactly what exactly you will do: the cargo car is equal to the maintenance of the technical type.

Bureaucratic solarms of the future owner of the car wash brought it to the need to obtain permission even in several government instances:

approval of the Committee for Natural Resources and Environmental Management,
approval of local architectural management,
conclusion of fire inspection,
conclusion of sanitary
conclusion of Rospotrebnadzor.

Choosing a tax system

One of the important issues that is desirable to solve is still on the shore - the choice of taxation system. There are several possible options here:

	ENVD (A single tax on imputed income)	(Patent taxation system)	USN (simplified taxation system)
Rate	15%;	6%;	6%;
Includes	- income tax, - property tax;	- income tax, - property tax;	- income tax, - property tax;
Notes	working personnel up to 4 people;	working personnel more than 4 people;
Availability	- Jurlitsa;	- IP;	- Jurlitsa;
Ways to reduce (at the expense of contributions)		missing;
Reporting		- Book of Cudir;	- Book Kudir.

Instead of the cash register, you can produce BSO forms (strict reporting form).

Selection of land

Choosing a place for the construction of a car-made complex for trucks is a difficult occupation. Unlike passenger cars, large equipment has restrictions on entry into some areas of the city, which significantly limits the territorial area of \u200b\u200bsearches. So, for example, the city center can immediately be excluded from the list of potential places.

Cargo sink premises need to be elected taking into account the dimensions of transport that will be serviced

In order to successfully implement such a project, you need to find only land plot that would correspond to the following characteristics:

the location of the city feature, near the highway, where the main stream of customers, repair auto repair shops, parking;
the possibility of building, that is, the earth should not be part of the reserve or agricultural land;
remoteness from residential buildings (at least 100 m);
the presence of free space around, for further expansion;
large area for comfortable check-in and transportation of transport.

The speed of payback to the starting attachments in the project of cargo miles almost 90% depends on the choice of the right location.

With the long-term perspective of doing business on the car wash, it is rational to buy a plot, and not to take it for rent.

Select room

When the issue with the land plot for the construction of cargo car was allowed, it is necessary to move to the stage of choice and arrangement of the room itself.

The cargo car can consist of:

actually working area,
recreation room
administrative premises
warehouse for inventory.

A sink for trucks and special equipment also dictates a number of requirements, only the consultation that can be relying on the successful development of business. The room should be:

big for maneuvers of overall transport
equipped with communication networks (sewage, electricity, water supply),
provided with cleansing systems neutralizing harm to earth and groundwater from detergents,
equipped with pumps with good pressure.

At the formation stage, you can open a single car wash. Then, if the business goes to the mountain, it may be the erection of another or more portals.

But if the entrepreneur wants to seriously conduct a business of this kind, then over time, perhaps he will be interested the idea of \u200b\u200bproviding additional services to the drivers themselves: Shower cabins, sleeping place, small cafe or universal type shop. Such an investment will quickly pay off and attract new customers who also want to be at least between trips to stay in a comfortable environment.

Successful business on a cargo vehicle is predetermined by low competition

Choosing equipment

There are two main variations in terms of technical equipment of the freight car wash:

Manual system Supposes the work of the prepared personnel who knows how the system functions and how to use it. Consisted a lot of resources (especially electricity and water). Equipped with cleaning and drain complex. Cost - from 300 thousand rubles.
Automatic system programmed by one employee. Equipped with video surveillance cameras. Serves a continuous flow of vehicles for days. Consumes little resources. There is a function of contactless and contact washing. Cost - from 6 million rubles.

Over the first time, some novice entrepreneurs in order not to bother the purchase of individual components, prefer to make their choice in favor of the automatic system. Despite the cheapest price, she quickly pays for itself. In addition, many manufacturers of technology, including Nilfisk, Istobal and Karcher, for car washes provide customers with rather favorable conditions for the purchase (installments, loans, collateral, franchise cooperation).

Personnel search

The stationary car wash truck can effectively work if the state has up to 10 people. Mobile washing is successful even if there are 3 people. More importantly, how labor will be organized.

First, at least one employee must do administrator, namely, to provide staff with all the necessary materials and supervise work moschikov.

Secondly, it is necessary that the cargo car worked 24 hours a day for 7 days a week, which for workers means changing work: four drivers should know that at any time of the day they can wash their truck.

Thirdly, there is no need to hire an accountant. His powers can take on the owner of the car wash or, at worst, hire a specialist based on outsourcing.

Advertising

In order for customers to find out about the existence of a car wash truck, you need to tell them about it in the most advantageous light. Of course, there is no way to do without promotional moves.

order a big and bright sign by the road, along the route,
put signs and signs with prompts where the washing is located and how much to go to it,
give ads in thematic magazines and newspapers,
let advertise on TV, radio and on the Internet,
proceed a business card.

For effective operation of a single cargo sink enough personnel from 3 people

Financial calculations

The car wash project requires large investments. Even the size of the starting capital may scare an unprepared person. So how many will have to lay out and how much do you really earn on the car-made cargo business?

Let's try to produce several calculations. And although the numbers are conditional, they can pleasantly surprise.

Costs

The consuming part at the very beginning will be (prices taken averaged):

acquisition of the land plot (value varies on the basis of the region and location) - 5 million rubles,
the construction of a mobile car wash or the construction of a stationary complex - 500 thousand rubles,
acquisition of equipment - 3 million rubles,
advertising - 100 thousand rubles,
current expenses (utility payments, buying detergents, work salary) - 400 thousand rubles.

Summarizing the results, we conclude: the launch of the car wash will cost about 9 million rubles.

Profitability and income

Of course, the arrangement of activities on the provision of car wash services by cargo transport and special equipment requires much more costs than the implementation of the car wash plan for passenger cars. However, it is worth mentioning that the average check in our case will be an order of magnitude more, which, in turn, means an increase in profits.

If we assume that the washing of one truck will bring 2 thousand rubles (for the purity of the experiment, all figures of the revenue part will also be averaged), and 20 trucks will be serviced during the day, it is not difficult to calculate that on a day, one flushing place will make a profit in the amount of 40 thousand rubles, and for the work season - 1.5 million rubles.

Thus, the return on car washes for trucks at a competent organization and business is 80%, and the starting capital will return to the depositor in just six months.

With the arrangement of additional service sites (shop, dining room, hotels) and you can become a millionaire for the first year of ownership of the car wash.

Conclusion

By making a brief overview of the idea of \u200b\u200binvesting funds to a car wash project for large transport and special equipment, it is safe to argue that this business should, with a competent manual, to bring the owner a big income.

Lack of competition and the correct location of the washing causes the relevance and success of the business plan. If you have the opportunity to get a large amount of money, be sure to look at this option.

The washing is designed to carefully remove dust and dirt from the outer parts of the chassis and the car body. The car is usually cold or warm (20 - 30 ° C) with clean water and less often - with the use of detergent solutions. In order to avoid damage to the color of the car body, the difference between water temperatures and the washed surface should not exceed 18 - 20 ° C. In connection with this winter, the car should be put in the room for heating.

Depending on the water pressure, the washing is distinguished at low pressure equal to 196 133 - 686 466 n / m 2 (2 - 7 kg / cm 2) and at high - 980 665 - 2 451 660 n / m 2 (10 - 25 kg / cm 2).

According to the method of execution, the sink can be manual, semi-mechanized and mechanized.

Manual washing is made from the hose; With a semi-powered wash, one part of the car (chassis or body) is washed with a manual way, and the other is mechanized; In a mechanized wash, an inkjet or jet-brush settings are used, acting automatically or operated by the operator.

Car washing is a time-consuming process (amounts to 30-40% of the laboriousness of daily maintenance), therefore, in large auto interests, the mechanization of washing works is widely used, which makes it possible to reduce their cost and improve working conditions of workers. Washing should provide high performance, good sink quality and minimal water consumption. The last requirement is of great importance, since the cost of water consumed during a mechanized car wash and buses is a significant part of the main costs of washing. Therefore, it is planned to collect the used water, its cleaning and reuse. The quality of the washing depends on the pressure of the jet of water, the angle of inclination to the washed surface (the angle of the attack of the jet) and the nozzles of the nozzles from it. In fig. 48, and shows the water consumption and time spent on the washing, depending on the pressure of the water jet at the exit of the nozzle.

From the graphs in fig. 48, it is clear that the total water consumption on the car washing is noticeably reduced by increasing the pressure of the jet, as well as with a decrease in the nozzle cross section.

It is most advisable to apply installations with movable nozzles that ensure the necessary change in the direction of the jet of water in the process of car wash in combination with its movement through the washing plant.

mM. ; 2 - nozzle with a diameter of 3.5 mM. ">
Fig. 48. The dependence of water flow and washing time from water jet pressure: a - water flow and washing time 1 msup2 / SUP smooth contaminated surface depending on the pressure of the jet at the nozzle: 1 - water consumption; 2 - time washing; B - water consumption depending on the pressure of the jet: 1 - nozzle with a diameter of 2.5 mM. ; 2 - nozzle with a diameter of 3.5 mM.

To destroy and remove contamination when car wash, car chassis is effective, a concentrated jet of water, which has sufficient kinetic energy and retaining its compact shape at a high distance. The sink of the chassis and the lower part of the body facing the canvas is successfully produced using inkjet installations.

Cars, directed daily at TOT-1 and TO-2 (approximately 20% of the operational park), require careful washing from below. Depending on the climatic conditions and the time of the year, such a daily sink may be required for all cars of this economy. Therefore, the technological process of the washing should provide the possibility of incorporating devices for car wash from below as needed. This gives not only the savings of water and electricity consumption, but also in the nodes and mechanisms of the chassis of the car maintains a lubricant for a certain extent with a daily intense car wash, especially with warm water. At the same time, the anti-corrosion coating of the lower panels of the body of frameless cars is preserved, thereby significantly increases the duration of the bodywork.

With the polished outer surfaces of buses and passenger cars, the water jet does not wash off the smallest dust particles, which are held in a thin water film and leaving on the surface of a matte flaw on the surface. The use of detergent solutions and warm water does not give a complete effect, but only partially improves the quality of the sink. Try to improve the quality of the washing by increasing the pressure of the water jet is unacceptable, as this leads to damage to the paint layer. Therefore, when washing buses and passenger car bodies, a mechanical impact on them of a common material or special drum-type brushes with feeding to brushes first washing solutions, and then water.

With a brush car wash, the car body is usually wetted with a tubular frame nozzles at the entrance to the washing plant, which contributes to the preliminary softening of dried dirt and facilitates its removal. Upon completion of the brush wash, when leaving the washer, the car is rinsed with water. Water pressure in the pipeline of brush installations is maintained in the range of 294 200 - 392 266 n / m 22 (3 - 4 kg / cm 2).

Brushes are usually made from a cape or nylon thread with a diameter of 0.5 - 0.8 mM. . The direction of rotation of the brushes must be opposite to the movement of the car through the washing plant.

On the grilled surfaces of the car, deposits are formed, which are poorly washed off by a jet of cold water. Therefore, in these cases, the sink produces warm water using detergent solutions. It is impossible to use detergent solutions containing alkali, as they cause fast sweating and destruction of the paintwork.

Currently, a special synthetic car washing powder has been developed (CW No. 18/35 - 64), consisting of a synthetic detergent (DS-races) - 40%, sodium tripolyphosphate - 20%, sodium sulfate - 30% and water - 10% .

The detergent solution for mechanical washing installations should contain 7 to 8 g of a synthetic powder on 1 liters of water. The solution should be prepared in a pure container. The detergent solution is appropriately used when washing highly contaminated cars. The use of detergent solutions increases the performance of the washing installation and improves the quality of the sink.

Standards of laboriousness of cleaning and washing works for basic cars: 0.2 - 0.35 chel-Ch for passenger cars (depending on litter); 0.33 - 0.85 chel-Ch For buses (depending on the capacity) and 0.2 - 0.4 chel-Ch For trucks (depending on the carrying capacity).

Labor costs for harvesting and cleaning work are distributed in approximately the following ratio: for passenger cars for cleaning - 45%, for washing - 55%; for buses, respectively, 65% and 35%; For trucks with carburetor engines - 35% and 65%, with diesel - 27% and 73%.

The above time limits for cleaning and washing works can be used when planning and designing car maintenance lines. In auto belumes, these rules should be refined using timing of work time on specific equipment.

Equipment for manual washing. The handmade post (hose) washing is equipped on a platform with a waterproof floor, having a bias of 2 - 3% in the direction of the wastewater in the center of the site. To facilitate washing from the sides and from the bottom of the car on the washers, semi-estabdes, overpass or lifts are installed. If the post is intended for washing trucks with relatively free access to the lower parts, then these devices do not need. The dimensions of the site should be 1.25 - 1.50 m more overall dimensions of cars.

Side databases of narrow type are also used at the sink or widespread bridges. The bottom of the canvas are made with the same bias as indicated above.

Manual washing can be carried out by a strength water jet (196 133 - 392 266 n / m 2) (2 - 4 kg / cm 2) from a plumbing line or high pressure jet (980 665 - 1 471 000 n / m 2) (10 - 15 kg / cm 2) From the washer.

Manual Washing of Low Pressure Waterit is carried out of a hose with a branded or washing pistol, as well as using a brush (model 166) shown in Fig. 49. The brush consists of a duralumin tube 4, which is a handle to which on one side, the cork valve 5 is screwed down with a nipple to connect the hose, and on the other - the head with a caprochy shift brush attached to it 3. Water supply to the brush is adjustable to the crane. Waterproof Hose 6 4 m long allows you to wash cars and buses. For the convenience of performing the washers, the brush hose is sometimes attached to the rotary tubular arrows 2, to the support of 1 of which mounted on the ceiling, water from the plumbing line is supplied. Weight brush 1.72 kg. Washing with a hose from a water supply network in most cases does not give good results and is low.

Hand Washing Water High Washpressures are carried out using pumping washers that increase the pressure of water coming to them. By the design of pumps, these installations are plunger, vortex and centrifugal. Washing plants with vortex type pumps received the greatest distribution.

For the hose car wash in stationary and field conditions with pump nutrition from a plumbing network and from water bodies is intended washer 5VSM - 1500 (model 1112) Mobile type. It consists of a vortex five-speed self-priming pump connected by a clutch with an electric motor with power 6 kw for

a suction hose with a length of 8 m with a filter and a check valve, two discharge hoses with a length of 10 m with pistols, bypass valve, a pressure gauge and two valves mounted on a three-wheeled mobile truck.

Maximum pressure developed by the pump, 1 372 930 - 1471000 n / m 2 (14 - 15 kg / cm 2), performance at this pressure 75 - 80 l / min , the highest height of self-priming 5 m.

The longitudinal section of the pump is shown in Fig. 50. Each step of the pump is a chamber bounded by the internal surfaces of the suction 9 and the injection 10 disks, between which the impeller 13 is rotated on the shaft 3.

The principle of operation of the vortex pump consists of the following. The impeller of each stage, rotating in the water-filled camera, develops centrifugal power. Under the action of this force, water between the shovels is discarded from the center of the wheel to its periphery and is supplanted in a semicircular section 16 of the injection disk. In the channel, the water makes a ring movement from the periphery to the center and goes back to the lower part of the blades. Thus, the water makes a ring movement between the shovels of the rotating impeller and the drive channel and simultaneously moving along with the wheel, forming a vortex harness of the water flow. The guide channel having an alternating section is not closed (made on an arc 330 °) and ends with a hole. Therefore, the water moving along the canal is compressed and through the pressure hole is supplanted to the next stage of the pump. As a result of the vortex motion, water pressure during the transition from stage to the step increases.

In the five-speed pump, the guide channel ends with two holes 27 and 26, of which the second, additional, is located at a smaller radius than the main one. The presence of two pressure holes creates an effect of self-examination when working on the NACOCA, and it works steadily when the air is inserted into it, which takes place at the beginning of the pump when water sucking from the water branch, the first start of the pump is enough to fill with water only its housing.

In order to avoid freezing of water in winter, the pump contains drain holes closed by trigger traffic jams 24.

When the vortex pump is working, its performance varies inversely proportionally. Maximum performance is achieved with minimal pressure.

When the injection line is overlapped, the water supply is reduced, the jet pressure significantly increases and the power consumed by the electric motor is increasing at the same time.

To control the pressure developed by the pump, and the amount of water supplied to the discharge hoses, as well as to automatically prevent the electric motor overload when the discharge highway is closed, the flanges of the injection and suction housings of the pump are connected by the bypass valve, adjusted to the maximum pressure of 1 471,000 n / m 2 (15 kg / cm 2).

Installation weight 216 kg.

Washing unit 1NVS-1500 (model 1100)a three-stage vortex pump is arranged similar to the installation with a five-speed pump and is designed for the hose car wash in stationary conditions with water fence from the water supply network. The self-priming effect is not posted. The three-stage vortex pump is activated from the electric motor with a capacity of 2.8 kw for

and gives water at a maximum pressure of 980 665 - 1 078 730 2 (10 - 11 kg / cm 2) After one hose with a pistol. Pump Performance 50 - 60 l / min.

Installation is mounted on the foundation with a stove. When you first start the installation, it is required to pour water into the pump and the suction pipe. Installation weight 110 kg.

During the operation of the vortex pumps, it is necessary to observe the lubricant of the bearings and the condition of the glands. Harness lubrication in ball bearings must be added once every two months, and change the lubricant and rinse the bearings - twice a year. Flowing water through the glands is eliminated by the suspender of them; With full wear, the glands are replaced with new ones. Once a year of the case and the pump cameras need to blow. To do this, rejected the plug holes, disconnect the hoses and start the installation by 1 - 1.5 min. The same operation is performed at the end of the installation during the cold season.

The bottom of the car was washed with a concentrated (dweller) jet of water capable of knocking down the dirt. For washing polished body surfaces, in order to avoid damage to the color, a sprayed (fan-shaped) water jet is required. The change in the shape of the jet from the fan-shaped and dust-free to a solid dwarf is achieved by a washing pistol.

The washing gun (model 134 - 1) consists of a housing 2 (Fig. 51), which is pressed by the sleeve 3 with eight holes around the circumference for the passage of water and the threaded central hole to wrap the screw 1. At the front end of the screw, there is a hole in the walls of which are made Four cross-cutting rosters 6, and at the opposite end - a deep axial hole, with which four radial holes are connected. In the front of the housing, the nut 4 is fastened with a replaceable nozzle 5 with the inlet of the conical shape and the outlet of the cylindrical shape.

Water enters the inner cavity of the pistol from the hose through axial and radial holes in the screw and through the holes in the sleeve passes into the front of the gun body and in the nozzle. Depending on the position of the screw relative to the sleeve and the holes in the front of the body, it is possible to obtain a different shape of the jet.

If the rotation of the gun of the gun lead the screw to the failure, the outlet of the pistol will be blocked. If the screw is somewhat unscrewed, the oblique rosters of the screw will be incompletely blocked, and water will pass through them into the nozzle. At the same time, passing through oblique slits with. Greater speed, water will receive a rotational movement, and at the outlet of the nozzle, the water jet will be sprayed in the form of a cone with a large angle at the top.

When screwing down the screw and increasing the passage section of the oblique slots, the rate of water flow through them will decrease to obtain a solid digger jet.

Approximate flow of water with a manual washing using the washing installations is given in Table. 3.

Note. The first column in the column is the consumption of washing in summer and winter, the second - in the fall and in the spring.

With a hose washing of high pressure water, a high-pressure can achieve good quality, but this method of washing is quite laborious.

Mechanized Washing Watch Equipment. For mechanized car wash, fixed installations are used, which are divided into inkjet and brush.

With the help of inkjet installations, the car can be washed and below, and all completely. Installations with brush drums are used for outer washing (outer surface of the body and wings) of passenger cars and buses. They usually apply in combination with inkjet installations for car wash from below.

Installation for car wash from below (model 1104). The installation is designed for the inkjet car wash from the bottom on the washing posts with through passage, as well as on the conveyor lines with a continuous power system.

The washing installation (Fig. 52) consists of segner wheels, pipelines and a pumping station. Four lower segner wheels 1 rotate in a horizontal plane and wash the lower surface of the car. Two side segner wheels 2 rotate in a vertical plane and wash the wheels, wings and side surfaces of the car.

The rotation of segner wheels occurs due to the reactive forces arising from the expiration of water under pressure from the nozzles (diameter 3 and 4.5 mM.), fed to the bent ends of the nozzles.

Pumping station 3 consists of a two-stage centrifugal-vortex pump type 2.5-CV-1.1, connected to an electric motor with power 14 kw for

Pump performance - 18 m 3 / h. At the end of the suction highway there is a filter 8 with a check valve. The water pressure in the discharge line 4 is measured by pressure gauge 5.

In this installation, you can tilt and move the racks in the clips, on which the side segners of the wheels are attached, which makes it possible to use it for car wash of different types, characterized by the size of the wheels and gauges. The height of the center of the floor from the floor may vary within 360 - 550 mM. . Segner wheels must be installed in the height of the axis of the car wheel so that the distance from the plane of the nozzles to the sidewall of the tire was 150 mM. . In order to avoid driving on the side racks of segner wheels along the washing post make waves.

In order to improve the working conditions of the washers, it is necessary to establish over the side segner wheels Barrifying shields with dimensions of 2000 x 3000 mM. .

Lubrication of ball bearings of segner wheels produced monthly.

The clogs of the nozzles leads to a decrease in the number of speed of segner wheels (normal speed of them 100 - 150 rpm ) And to deterioration of the installation. Therefore, it is necessary to periodically clean the nozzles and the suction filter.

Before starting the installation after a long break in the work, you should pre-pour the suction line 7 of the pumping station with water through the hole closed by the plug 6.

In the case of using the installation on the conveyor line, the distance between the centers of the extreme lower segier wheels should be selected so that the time between wetting and washing the mud was 5 to 7 minutes.

Installation weight - 435 kg.

Installation for cargo car wash (model 1114). The installation is designed for jet sink of gas, ZIL and MAZ trucks, as well as two-axis trailers with the same rut sizes on the washing lines with through passage.

Installation (Fig. 53) consists of two pairs of tubular welded pre-5 and final wizard, in which water is injected with pumps 6 and 10, hardware cabinet 2, conveyor 13 with drive station 14, tension station 1 and guide 12.

The working bodies serve swinging collectors with nozzles: side zi6 (Fig. 54), lower 4 and upper 5 (on the final wizard). On the pre-wizard frame there is an adjustable collector with nozzles 4 (Fig. 53) aimed. The 85 ° collector swing angle, the number of swings 34.6 per minute.

The collectors swing drive is carried out from electric motors 1 (Fig. 54) with a capacity of 0.6 kw for

through worm gearboxes 2 and a system of thrust and hinges.

Centrifugal-vortex pumps of type 2.5-CV-1,1 with drive from electric motors power 14 kw for

feed water under pressure 784 532 n / m 2 (8 kg / cm 2). Pump performance with this pressure 18 m 3 / h.

Electro appliances are mounted in the hardware cabinet (magnetic starters, relays, switches, light alarm, etc.).

For installation, a conveyor of any design can be used, which allows you to adjust the speed of moving vehicles within 2.8 - 4 m / min . It is recommended to apply the conveyor model 4002.

Installation can work in a terminating mode in the case of a sink of single cars entering the sink at intervals 2 - 3 min. or more, or in continuous mode when car wash, when the interval between cars does not exceed 30 seconds,

When you run the installation in a terminating mode, the car by the front wheel on the pedal 3 (Fig. 53) includes a conveyor, a pumping station and a frame of the frame of the frame collector collectors 5. Then, moving using a conveyor for the sink post, the car runs the front wheel on the pedal 7 which includes a pumping station and the frame collector drive 9.

When the rear wheel on the pedal 8 turns off the action of all the pre-wizard frame drives, and when the pedal 11 is running, the final wizard and the conveyor stops. The installation cycle is repeated when the next car passes.

With continuous operation mode, the first car includes the installation (as mentioned above), and it works continuously until the entire stream of cars goes.

The performance of the installation is 20 - 30 cars per hour, water consumption per car - 1700 - 2300 liters. To reuse water, it is necessary to equip with reservoirs with sumps and cleaning, facilities.

Before starting work, check the tightness of the fasteners, the tightness of the hydraulic system connections, the state of the nozzles and the operation of the pedal mechanism, as well as lubricate all bearings.

At the end of the work, it is necessary to wash the pedal frames and the conveyor chain. You should periodically check the lubricant in gearboxes and replace it once every 3 to 4 months.

The movement of cars for car wash with non-working manifolds is prohibited.

Installation weight 1488 kg.

Equipment for car wash. For the outer washing of passenger cars in large auto belts, a five-hundredth mechanized washing Installation (model 1110m). It consists of horizontal 5 (Fig. 55) and two dual vertical 17, 21, 25 and 29 drum brushes from kapron threads, shower frames 1 wetting and 7 rinsing, detergent solutions, cabins with a hardware cabinet, which contains control devices Installation.

The upper ends of the frames of the frames and brushes are connected by longitudinal and transverse pipes forming a closed ring system, according to which water from a water supply network is supplied to brushes and frames 196 133 - 392 266 n / m 2 (2 - 4 kg / cm 2). Each shower frame consists of horizontal and vertical pipes with nozzles, two of which can be adjusted to direct the jet to hard-to-reach vehicles of the car buffer.

The drive of each drum brush is carried out from an individual electric motor with a capacity of 0.6 kets through a worm gearbox.

The horizontal brush, designed for the car wash and the roof of the car, is made of steps for a better roof surface fitting. For balancing the brush, a counterweight is provided with a load 3 consisting of ballast. By changing the number of ballast, you can adjust the position of the brush in height and change the angle of the frame 4.

Vertical brushes wash the front, side and rear surfaces of the car, which is achieved due to the large radius of the brush turn. The framework of the dual brushes in the free state with the help of tightening springs 19 and 27 is mounted at an angle of 90 °, and in the process of operation, it is 180 °.

The car, entering the post washing, first wetted with water from the frame 1, then the horizontal brush comes into operation, and the vertical brushes are working with further promotion of the car. Do not touch more with a car, brush drums under the action of cargo 9, suspended on the cables through blocks, return to its original position, and the car moving further is rinsed from the frame 7. Brushes do

(150 rpm)×	π	rad / s.

	30

For a more thorough car wash, a detergent solution is used, which at certain intervals can flow from the tank 11 under pressure of compressed air 392 266 - 490 332 n / m 2 (4 - 5 kg / see 2) through the nozzles in the frame 10 on the surface of the car body. Tank volume 50 l.

The post of washing must be equipped with a conveyor that provides car movement at a speed of 4-5 m / min . Refractory capacity of 40 - 45 vehicles per hour, water consumption per car 400 - 500 l. Installation weight 1522 kg.

For car wash, it is necessary to additionally mount the installation of the model 1104 or 1134.

Installation for car wash Nose (model 1134) Designed for inkjet sink bottom of the body, surfaces under the wings and chassis of passenger cars. The main working bodies of the installation are two detergent mechanism 8 (Fig. 56) with swing nozzles. Determining mechanisms are performed by double movement: swinging and circular.

The swinging collector movement is provided by a mechanical drive from the electric motor 1 (1.7 power kw at 1440. rpm), connected to a gearbox 2, which through crank and cravings 7 transmits an effort on levers and thrust connected to the collectors.

Circular motion The collectors are obtained from hydraulic engines connected by the injection oil pipe 6 with an oil pump 3, receiving rotation from the electric motor 1. For reverse oil drain into the tank 4, it serves a pipeline 5. Hydraulic motors located in the centers of detergent devices lead to rotation From flexible sleeves with nozzles.

The collector performs 28 swings per minute, the oscillating angle is 60 °, and the speed of the circular motion

(100 rpm)×	π	rad / s

	30

For the wield of the car under the wings there are two pairs of devices, which are console-standing pipes with nozzles, which when the wheels are found on them rotate around the vertical axes and return to its original position under the action of springs. These devices are installed before entering the car to the washing plant.

Installation is powered by water from centrifugal-vortex pump type 2.5-CV-1.1 performance 18 m 3 / h At pressure 784 532 n / m 2 (8 kg / cm 2).

The car must be forced to move to the sink post at a speed of 4 - 6 m / min . Installation capacity 40 - 50 cars per hour, water consumption for washing one car is 450 liters.

Installation weight 653 kg.

Installation for washing wheels of cars (model CKB1144)it is used for the outer sink of the wheels. The working bodies of the installation are two detergent mechanisms equipped with rotating cape brushes 2 (Fig. 57), which are supplied to the wheel of the car using a pneumatic actuator.

Brushes rotate at speeds

(100 rpm)×	π	rad / s

	30

from an electric motor with a capacity of 0.6 kW connected to a gearbox 5, the housing of which is fixed on the carriage moving on the base of the detergent mechanism on the rollers. Inside the base, the pneumatic cylinder of the drive brushes is mounted.

The spherical base of the brushes is mounted on a hollow output shaft of the gearbox. Water from a plumbing network through Patro-BSK 1 enters through a hollow tree of the gearbox to brushes and a car wheel.

To enable and turn off the electric motor and the magnetic tap of water supply, there is a finite switch on which the stop carriage of the detergent mechanism is affected.

The wheel of the car during the sink is blocked by gripping with a pneumatic drive. A pneumatic capture cylinder is connected to a pneumatic cylinder of the left detergent mechanism.

The 4 mode regulator 4 is used to maintain the operating pressure (392 266 n / m 2, i.e. 4 kg / cm 2) In a pneumatic system, as well as for air distribution using pneumatic cylinders and turn on the electrical system to work using a pressure sensor with a microswitch. Air is served in the regulator when the wheel of the car wheel on the pedal 6,

Electro appliances are mounted in hardware cabinet 5. Installation work circuit is shown in Fig. 58.

Using the installation at the same time, the wheels of the wheel of one axis of the car. The washing time of all wheels of one car is 30 - 50 seconds, water consumption is 60 - 70 liters. This installation should be used in conjunction with the washing model of the model 1110m and mounted in front of it.

Installation weight 560 kg.

Equipment for washing buses. For sink of side surfaces and roof of wagon buses in large parks, a three-stroke installation is used for car wash (model 1129).

The main installation nodes (Fig. 59) are: a shower frame 1 for pre-wetting, horizontal brush drum 5, vertical brush drums 16 and 17, a shower frame 10 for rinsing and a cabin 6 with a control panel.

Brush drums are mounted on tubular racks connected, on top of longitudinal and transverse pipes forming a closed ring system, along which water is fed to brush drums and in the shower frame.

Water installation comes from a water supply under pressure 294 200 - 392 266 n / m 2 (3 - 4 kg / cm 2).

Vertical brush drums are mounted in rotating frames, which are attached to the cables, percked through the rollers. The load 13, suspended to the cable, sets the frame in this position that the bus, passing the sink post, spreads the brush drums, forcing the frame to rotate. At the same time, loads rise and with constant force pressed brush drums to the body.

The horizontal brush drum is also mounted in the frame having a horizontal axis of swing, and is under the action of a counterweight 2.

Each brush drum has an individual drive consisting of an electric motor with a capacity of 1.7 kw for

All brushed drums have a stepped form for better fit to all buses body surfaces. The step is achieved due to the different length of the trap threads.

Electro equipment is mounted on the control panel in the cabin with glazed walls.

In the process of washing, buses move their move at speed 7 m / min . Installation performance 30 - 40 buses per hour; Water consumption for washing one bus 400 l. Installation weight 1411 kg.

The front, rear and side surfaces, as well as the roof of wagon buses in large parks wash with a five-brush automatic installation for washing buses (model 1126).

The working bodies of this installation are five brush drums, one of which is located horizontally.

Vertical brush drums paired. In the free state, they are at an angle of 90 °, and in the process of work can be separated by 180 °. In accordance with the state, brush drums are held by the main pneumatic drive operating under pressure 392 266 - 490 332 n / m 2 (4- 5 kg / cm 2), and returned to the original position by a pneumatic return of pressure under pressure 147 100 - 196 133 n / m 2 (1,5 - 2 kg / cm 2).

To ensure trouble-free operation of pneumatic drives of vertical brushes, there is an air-dispenser consisting of a tank, oil filter and a cabinet, which placed a pressure gauge, reduction and safety valves.

Brushes rotate at speeds and

Before entering the area of \u200b\u200bthe buses, the buses brushes is wetted, and when it is reached from it, it is rinsed with water from the shower frame, the action of which is synchronized with magnetic valves.

Water installation is supplied from a water supply under pressure 294 200 - 392 266 n / m 2 (3 - 4 kg / cm 2): Installation provides the possibility of supplying detergent with a tank and pipelines. The electrical installation scheme allows you to set uploading, single and continuous operation modes.

The movement of the bus for the sink is carried out forced with the help of a conveyor at a speed of 6 - 9 m / min . Installation capacity 30 - 35 buses per hour, water consumption for washing one bus is 500 liters.

The considered installations for the outer washing of buses should be applied in the complex with the installation for car wash from below (model 1104).

Cleaning used water when washing. Water after car washing contains a lot of dirt, oil and fuel. To clean the water, the washing posts are equipped with dirt-resistant and oil carriers, the principle of operation is based on the difference in the specific scales of water, dirt, oil and fuel. Weighted solid particles are deposited at the bottom of the dirt-resistant, then water enters the trap, in the upper part of the well of which oil and fuel pop up and are discharged into the oil collector, which is periodically cleaned, and water is sent to the sewer system or is collected in the seduction tanks for reuse (Fig. 60 ).

The clarification of water in the tank tanks occurs slowly, since the average and small particles are for a long time in suspended state. The productivity of sewage treatment plants can be increased by increasing the surface of the tanks of sumps, but this significantly increases their dimensions and cost.

Therefore, to accelerate water purification in order to reuse it, the coagulation method is used - the coagulation method in the cereal of substances in water in the colloidal state, which, during deposition, capture pollutant particles and take them into the sediment. As a coagulant, a sulfate aluminum or iron vigor is used. With repeated purification, water should be led by a hazed lime or calcined soda. The dirt-resistant and the oil carrier placed near the sink post in a place available for their periodic cleaning.

At the bottom of the dys, the dense mass is formed, which must be turned into a pulp to remove. The dirt-resistant is cleaned with pumps, injectors, grabs, excavators with a bucket capacity 0.25 m 3.and other devices.

Mud pump mixer (model 9002)centrifugal type, multistage, sectional, portable is designed to pump pulses consisting of 65% water and 35% sand or gridden soil. The pump is a mine consisting of separate elements sections 1, 2, 6 and 12 (Fig. 61). The bottom of the pump ends with a grid receiver. On the upper section, an electric motor is mounted 5 power 14 kw at (1460. rpm) Rad / s, connected to a common transmission shaft made up of four sectional shafts 8 with blade screws.

To create a pulp with a lever mechanism 4 lift the flaps 10 and open the climbing chamber windows 9. Then the "lion" start button. Include an electric motor. At the same time, the lower blade screw 11 climbs the mud mixture and raises it into the reconciliation chamber, from where the mixture is poured through the open windows back to the sump, accelerating this process of climbing the entire mass of the sediment. The recovery process takes about 5 minutes. Then stop the electric motor, closed the windows of the climbing chamber and start the electric motor with the "Right." Button. In this case, the pulp will be supplied with blade screws with an exhaust pipe 7.

Pump performance 35. m 3 / h, Maximum lift height of pulp 5 m. Pump weight 620 kg.

Lubrication of all shaft bearings should be made once a month using press oil 3.

Rock and drying. After washing the car, the engine and instruments of the ignition system are recommended to be blown with compressed air with a special gun (model 199).

When you press the trigger, the compressed air goes to the slot of the gun. When the diffuser removed, a focused air jet is obtained, which is used to blow up hard-to-reach parts. Air is fed under pressure 980 665 n / m 2 (10 kg / cm 2), It is 0.25 m3 / min. The weight of the pistol is 0.7 kg.

The lower parts of the car chassis are usually not wiped. The outer surface of the cockpit is wiped with dry-up material, and a polished body surface - suede or flannel to a mirror gloss. In addition, wipe the glass, engine hood, radiator cladding, wings, headlights, sweatshirts, rotation pointers, rear lamp, braking signal and license plates.

For drying cars, compressed air can be used, which is supplied under pressure 196 133 - 392 266 n / m 2 (2 - 4 kg / cm 2) On pipes and hoses for posts.

The process of removing moisture from the car after washing can be mechanized using installations for blowing vehicles. There are plants similar to the inkjet washing, which use compressed air. In fig. 62 shows stationary arched installation for blowing passenger cars after washing (model 1123) another type. On a welded spatial farm 1, three centrifugal fans of the EVR-6 type are mounted. The upper fan 7, designed to blow the hood and roof of the car, is activated from an electric motor with a capacity of 20 kW, and two side fans 2 and 5 - for blowing side surfaces from electric motors with a capacity of 14 kw for

(1460 rpm)×	π	rad / s.

	30

Each fan is closed by air duct

(4, 6 and 8) of a hatch type with a slotted output cross section, from which the air flow comes out at an angle of 65 ° to the direction of the car. Installation control devices are in the hardware cabinet 3.

The car in the post of blowing moves forced with the help of a conveyor at a speed of 4 - 6 m / min . Installation performance 30 - 40 cars per hour. Installation weight 1450 kg. Between installations for washing and blowing should be a break of at least 4.5 m.

In the installation for blowing cars in order to accelerate the process, air is supplied, preheated in the calorifer to 40 - 50 ° C.

Progressive is the drying of the car with the help of lamps with infrared rays, as well as a thermoradiation drying of dark infrared radiation panels used during car painting.

And all the characteristics of the crane-beam you will find here www.btpodem.ru.

In this thesis project, an analysis of the economic activity of the fleet of the branch of GT Tchaikovsky LLC "Diamond" LPU Mg, which shows that its overall financial condition is stable, although adjustments are desirable in its economic development.

To increase the performance of a car park, reducing operating costs for its maintenance in the graduation project developed an effective form of maintenance. To improve the efficiency of maintenance and repair of cars, the reconstruction of the zone is required with the development of a sink.

The timely and high-quality execution of washing works allows you to visually detect the faults that have arisen, improves the performance and quality of subsequent operations and tr, is important for increasing the durability and technical readiness of rolling stock.

Presented design development - installation for car wash, which will significantly reduce the cost of working and time when washing cars.

As a result of improving the design of the inkjet setting for car washing, nozzles with a conoidal profile nozzle were introduced and the working pressure was increased, which made it possible to increase the efficiency of the washing. In accordance with this, hydraulic, kinematic and strength calculations were produced.

During the work on the graduation project, a car washing was developed. The implementation of this unit has reduced the complexity of this operation by 79.95%. As a result, labor productivity increased on this operation.

The obtained technical and economic indicators for the reconstruction of the designed site make it possible to conclude that the implementation of the installation for car wash and the development of car wash is economically beneficial and appropriate.

The project also covered safety requirements when carrying out cars, fire safety measures and general measures to reduce production injuries. Developed safety instructions for maintenance and repair of cars. It also provides an environmental assessment of the point of car, from which it follows that, in general, the project complies with the norms and requirements of environmental safety.

After analyzing the compliance with the environmental legislation, the Diamond LPU MG was identified as the following: production waste such as scrap, batteries, rubber products, technical fluids, are utilized in accordance with the requirements and are manufactured by agreement with organizations specializing in waste disposal.

To enhance environmental and sanitary security at the enterprise, I propose to ensure the following tasks:

Development and implementation of environmentally friendly, waste-free and resource-saving technologies and tru cars;
Development of measures to reduce production emissions, discharges and waste;
The use of environmentally friendly materials;
Development and introduction of a system for economic stimulation of personnel to improve environmental safety.

Introduction 8.

1. Analysis of economic activity of the enterprise 10

1.1 Brief description of the enterprise 10
1.2 Analysis of the use of MTP 16
1.3 Economic Efficiency of Automotive Park 21
1.4 Technology and organization of the transport process in ATC 24
1.5 Production Square, the organization of the technological process that and tr in the design of ATC 24
1.6 Conclusion by section 28

2. Technological calculation 30

2.1 Calculation of production program 30
2.2 Determination of the number of THER, TR and diagnostic influences for the year 37
2.3 annual scope of work on that and tr 40
2.4 Distribution of works by type of work and at the place of implementation 42
2.5 Determination of the number of production workers 43
2.6 Technological calculation of sink 48
2.7 Calculation of the annual production program 51
2.8 Calculation of the number of posts 53
2.9 Calculation of the number of production workers 54
2.10 Determining the need for technological equipment 55
2.11 Calculation of the area of \u200b\u200bthe UMR zone and production sites 56
2.12 Conclusion by section 57

3. Design part 58

3.1 Justification of Design Development 58
3.2 Overview of existing structures 58
3.3 Purpose and Scope of the Designed Installation, Brief Technical Characteristic 60
3.4 Hydraulic Calculation of Sink 61
3.5 Calculation of pumping 66
3.6 kinematic calculation 69
3.7 Calculation of the strength of installation elements 82
3.8 Device and installation of installation for car wash 84
3.9 Conclusion by Section 86

4. Technical and Economic Justification of the project 87

4.1 Calculation of capital investments 87
4.2 Drawing up cost estimates 89
4.3 Wages of manufacturing workers 89
4.4 Calculation of the value of materials 92
4.5 Overhead 92
4.6 Technical and Economic Assessment of the Designed Design 97
4.7 Determining the cost of manufacturing this design 98
4.8 Conclusion by section 102

5. Safety of vital activity and environmental safety 103

5.1 Analysis of the conditions and safety of labor 104
5.2 Security Requirements for Maintenance and Car Repair 105
5.3 Events to reduce production injuries 116
5.4 Ecological Safety Item That Car 117
5.5 Sources of environmental pollution when servicing and repairing transport 117
5.6 Events to reduce harmful effects 119
5.7 Wastewater Cleaning Activities 120
5.8 Conclusion by Section 122

Conclusion 123.

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