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Causes of allergies in infants. Allergy in babies on the face: photo and treatment. Treatment of allergies in infants

Despite taking care of the baby, careful caring for the baby, allergies often appear in newborns when breastfeeding. "What to do?" - ask young mothers, in panic looking at red spots, crusts, itchy rashes in the baby.

The reasons for the development of pathology

Food allergies are most common in infants. Diathesis, red crusts on the cheeks, itching, tissue swelling is the reaction of a tiny organism to a certain type of food.

Provoking factors:

• the use by a nursing mother during pregnancy / lactation of foods with a high allergy index;
• the introduction of complementary foods ahead of schedule, the use of mixtures and dishes with a high sugar content, components that cause satiety, but do not have a positive effect on the growing body. Ignorance of the rules of complementary feeding, feeding the baby from a common table provoke allergies;
• hereditary predisposition. If one of the parents suffered from food allergies, choose the foods for complementary foods more carefully, adhere to a special diet for nursing mothers.

Other causes of allergic reactions in infants:

• taking potent drugs (antibiotics, glucocorticosteroids);
• synthetic clothing;
• reaction to a new type of cream, washing powder, bathing gel;
• mosquito bites, stinging insects;
• pollen of plants, hair of domestic animals;
• insufficient care of the genital area.

Signs and symptoms

What does allergy look like in newborns? The main signs of pathology are easy to recognize. The severity of the negative reaction depends on the duration of contact with the stimulus, the state of the immune system.

Typical allergy symptoms:

• rashes of a different nature: rash, red spots of a larger and smaller size, crusts, redness of the skin;
• swelling of tissues, swelling of the face, eyelids, lips, cheeks, mucous membranes;
• digestive problems. Allergic reactions are often accompanied by diarrhea, pain in the intestines, stomach, and bloating. With a severe degree of damage, a high concentration of the allergen, appetite disappears, general weakness, drowsiness appears;
• with some forms of allergy, a persistent runny nose, lacrimation, sneezing, red eyes, swollen eyelids develop.

Information for parents! The most severe form of negative reactions to food and other irritants is Quincke's edema (the second name is giant urticaria). In addition to rashes, large spots, swelling of various areas appears. The greatest danger is bronchospasm, the risk of suffocation due to swelling of the larynx, nasopharynx and internal organs. If angioedema appears, give the baby an antihistamine in the form of drops or syrup, immediately call an ambulance.

A selection of effective treatments

At the first signs of allergic reactions in babies, contact your pediatrician and allergist. It is important to understand which factor caused negative manifestations.

Please note the following questions and answers:

• Does the baby get nothing but breast milk? The point is most likely in the mother's unhealthy diet.
• Has an allergy developed after an illness? It could be caused by antibiotics or other drugs.
• Did the irritation appear in places of contact with clothing? Think about whether you have used new detergent, check the quality of the blouses or slip-ons. Perhaps you bought baby clothes made of low-quality material with aggressive dyes.
• Are redness, crusts, rashes of red, pink or bright orange in color located on the cheeks, chin, elbows, knees, itching a lot? Surely the baby has diathesis - an allergic reaction to unsuitable food.
• Did you get puffiness, swelling, itching after a walk? Examine the tiny body: mosquito bites may have caused a pronounced reaction.
• Does the baby sneeze, tears are flowing, a tiny nose, eyelids, conjunctiva of the eyes turn red? Is there a clear liquid coming out of the nasal passages? Probably developing an allergy to plant pollen. House dust is another reason. If a fluffy pet lives at home, think, maybe you did not clean the wool well, rarely wiped the floor? Scales of dead skin in cats accumulate, dry out, fall to the floor, provoke allergies in infants.

General rules

If negative reactions are identified, act wisely:

• think about the irritant causing the allergy. If you have eaten a prohibited product, drink more water, take an approved sorbent in order to quickly remove toxins from the body;
• stop contact with the allergen, check for a mosquito, bee, midge bite on the child's body;
• if a small organism reacted violently to a new type of feeding, stop feeding the baby, limit yourself only to breast milk. Wait about a month for the body to fully recover, start complementary foods with a different, "softer" product.

The following actions will help to remove negative symptoms:

• give the baby an antihistamine suitable for age. Fenistil drops are suitable for children under one year old (after 1 month). For babies after 1 year old, give Zyrtec syrup, Zodak drops or Cetirizine;
• in case of severe rashes, lubricate problem areas with Fenistil-gel, Bepanten. With pronounced signs, the drug Advantan is recommended;
• to relieve tension of the nervous system, to quickly cleanse the body will help calcium chloride, Diphenhydramine. These drugs are administered by a doctor;
• if there is severe swelling, give the child a diuretic (Furosemide, lingonberry / bearberry decoction). If the baby has previously had manifestations of allergies, check with the doctor which decoctions are suitable at an early age;
• provide fresh air, take off tight clothes, put on a light blouse that does not restrict movement and breathing;
• show the baby to the pediatrician and allergist, strictly follow the recommendations of the doctors. Do not self-medicate, listen less to "all-knowing" neighbors;
• with pronounced symptoms, the development of angioedema, immediately call an ambulance. If you suspect Quincke's edema, a team of doctors will arrive immediately.

Folk remedies and recipes

Proven home methods will help alleviate the condition of the baby, reduce itching, relieve swelling. Most of the components are always in the kitchen or in the medicine cabinet.

To relieve itching, reduce swelling, redness will help:

• soothing baths for itchy skin with a decoction of a string, chamomile;
• applying the same decoctions to the face with a mild anti-inflammatory effect;
• decoctions of lemon balm, mint, valerian root will reduce irritability, improve sleep;
• a decoction of nettle will cleanse the blood of toxins;
• a cool gauze compress with a decoction of chamomile / string for swollen areas.

Important! Always consider the age of the little allergy sufferer. Not all herbal teas are approved for use at 5-6 months of age. Check with your pediatrician or allergist if you can use the selected folk recipes. When in doubt, use alternation and chamomile: these medicinal plants are suitable for bathing newborns from the first month of life.

Therapeutic diet

If a food allergy is detected in a baby, a nursing mother should reconsider her diet. We'll have to endure, give up some products for the sake of the baby's health. Without proper nutrition, it is impossible to get rid of allergies to certain foods.

Failure to comply with recommendations, disregard for the advice of doctors often provokes the development of a chronic form of diathesis. Rashes, redness, itching make the baby suffer and make the mother nervous. Often, due to a difficult psychological state, the amount of breast milk decreases.

Make a diet taking into account the degree of allergenicity of various foods. Pay attention to three categories. Choose names from the first list, rarely use products of the second category, in small quantities, watch the baby's reaction. Hold off on the third list until you stop breastfeeding.

• low-fat dairy products;
• turkey meat;
• broccoli;
• zucchini;
• yellow varieties of plums;
• white cabbage and cauliflower;
• lean pork;
• parsley dill;
• white and yellow cherries;
• cucumbers;
• turkey meat;
• green varieties of apples, pears.

On the page read about the benefits and use of an ultrasonic inhaler for coughs and rhinitis.

• bananas;
• legumes;
• potato;
• buckwheat;
• cherries;
• black currant;
• oatmeal;
• lean beef.

Advice! Be sure to soak cereals, potatoes for 1-2 hours: this will reduce the risk of allergic reactions in babies.

• fatty cow's milk;
• citrus;
• chocolate;
• sea ​​fish;
• coffee;
• cocoa;
• Strawberry;
• carrot;
• raspberries;
• nuts;
• seafood;
• eggs;
• Red caviar;
• processed cheese;
• wheat;
• tomatoes;
• products with dyes, synthetic additives, semi-finished products.

When planning a pregnancy, while waiting for a baby, after giving birth, follow these simple rules:

• give up smoking, any alcoholic beverages;
• eat foods that reduce the risk of allergic reactions. Take another look at the section on "useful and harmful" products. Remember: the main type of negative reactions is food allergy in children under one year old;
• banned spicy, salty foods, sweet soda with dyes, fast food, semi-finished products, concentrates;
• more dishes and foods rich in vitamins, microelements, biologically active substances. Fruits, vegetables (except red and orange), leafy greens, cereals, bran, cereals are useful. Eat vegetable soups, low-fat dairy products, diluted juices (excluding citrus and red / orange). The expectant mother must definitely eat fish, liver, boiled beef, eat eggs 1-2 times a week;
• wear clothes made from natural fabrics, use hypoallergenic cosmetics for mom and baby;
• less frequent contact with hazardous chemicals, at home replace traditional household chemicals with natural cleaning agents or natural compounds of well-known brands with a proven non-toxic effect, for example, Amway;
• wash baby clothes, bedding, diapers with hypoallergenic powders. The best option is environmentally friendly biodegradable detergents for washing children's clothes;
• prohibit smoking in the house, ventilate the room more often, stay with your baby away from places where tobacco smoke is present;
• use medications only as directed by your doctor. Uncontrolled intake of pills and syrups (by a nursing mother and baby) is one of the causes of allergies in infants;
• introduce complementary foods according to the terms. Do not feed your baby "adult" food ahead of time: the weak ventricle and intestines cannot cope with coarse fibers, the balance of microflora is disturbed, and dysbiosis develops. One of the consequences is a decrease in immune defense, an increase in the sensitization of the body. With excessive sensitivity to various stimuli, the risk of negative reactions increases several times: remember this.

Allergies in infants are common. Listen to the recommendations of pediatricians, think over your diet while breastfeeding. Check out other causes of severe irritant reactions besides food allergens. If preventive measures are taken, the risk of allergic reactions in babies will noticeably decrease.

Further, a video about the causes of allergies in infants and about methods of dealing with pathology:

Newborn babies come to life with a maladjusted gastrointestinal tract. It remains like this until the first feeding. Next comes the period of adaptation to completely new living conditions. It is great happiness if the early, so-called, neonatal period does not reveal weaknesses in the development of newborns from various organs. First of all, the gastrointestinal tract adapts to new nutritional conditions, often failing in the form of allergies. In this article, we will tell you what allergies look like in infants of early life, how to recognize its symptoms and visual manifestations, and how to reduce the risk of illness in infants.

Allergy harbingers

Inexperienced mothers either panic over any change in the behavior of their newborns, or show enviable calmness if the baby's cheeks are suddenly decorated with a bright blush. It is quite possible to miss the signs of the disease: the woman is tired after childbirth, knocks off her feet, not knowing how to properly care for a new family member.

Pay attention to the state of health of the baby if you notice that he has:

• diathesis (red rashes on chubby cheeks, dryness and crusts on the elbows and head, inguinal folds)
• thrush on the mucous membranes of the mouth
• diaper rash
• sneezing
• runny nose

In some cases, such manifestations are the result of some other unfavorable factors, not allergens. Then the symptoms of malaise disappear in newborns, during symptomatic treatment. In the event of an allergic reaction, the symptoms of the disease will not disappear until the effect of the allergen wears off. To avoid doubts, it is necessary to do a general analysis - the blood will show the presence of an allergen.

Experts believe that diathesis is often an early sign of food allergy, and not as harmless as many mothers think.

Food Allergy Symptoms

Babies who have barely opened their eyes “to the white light” often have a negative reaction to food, breast milk, if the mother, as they say in everyday life, “has eaten something”. It is not difficult to recognize it on your own. In newborns, the following symptoms appear:

• redness of the skin
• the formation of milk crusts (gneiss)
• colic
• diarrhea

They pass quickly if you establish proper nutrition for mom and baby. This will help you closely monitor the reactions of newborns, keeping a food diary, identifying the allergen and eliminating it. Yes, in some cases, it is enough to exclude the allergen from the diet, and the manifestation of allergies will be removed as if by hand. Don't forget about preventive measures:

1. Breastfeed your baby for as long as possible, do not stop breastfeeding when complementary foods are introduced. WHO has introduced the timing of breastfeeding up to two years. At the same time, mothers should follow a diet, avoiding the use of highly allergenic foods.
2. For formula-fed babies, hypoallergenic breast milk substitutes are recommended. At first, a pediatrician will advise you such mixtures. In the future, mothers will have to independently select hypoallergenic products.
3. Start dating a baby with a new product literally "with a tiny grain." By the way, the taste preferences of babies are formed even during intrauterine development - what his mother introduced him to during the entire period of pregnancy, the baby gets used to it. Feed your child not only healthy, but also tasty products - this is not about sweets. The best food for babies is tender porridge, supplemented with fruits, vegetables, cottage cheese

Contact allergy

An allergen can be anything that surrounds a child in everyday life: in the house and on the street. The so-called contact allergy is common. Symptoms are manifested by skin changes in contact with household chemicals, children's cosmetics:

• redness
• peeling
• cracks
• ulcers

The risk of contact allergy in newborns can be easily minimized by using hypoallergenic creams, detergents, soaps and shampoos.

Recipe from the past

As a preventive measure, our grandmothers used daily bathing of babies in a strong broth of the train. This is the advice that is not a sin to follow. A handful of dry string (in an adult state, a weed with small thorns "dogs", which is found everywhere) is tied in several layers of gauze. Throw in an enamel bucket of water, boil for several minutes. The broth is infused until the water is completely cooled, added to the bathing bath - the water becomes a rich brown color. With daily bathing of babies in broth, the baby's skin acquires the color of a light tan. Problems with skin rashes can be avoided.

According to the testimony of parents who daily "irrigate" their children with such a decoction, newborns have never had prickly heat and diaper rash, the baby's skin becomes even and smooth.

Remember, there can also be allergies. After the first bath, carefully observe the reaction of the baby's body. If there is no change, continue with the procedure.

Household allergies

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House dust is a real scourge for the health of the crumbs. What is there not in it! This:

• microscopic fungal spores;
• pet hair;
• waste products of insects;
• a house tick that lives in down and feather bedding.

Now you know your enemies, we will teach you how to fight them. Conduct an environmental analysis and identify possible allergens. The main thing is to maintain cleanliness in the house, but without fanaticism, without bringing the living space to the state of sterility of the surgical unit. Sufficient daily wet cleaning with a vacuum cleaner.

If you cannot send down feather beds, blankets, pillows "where to go", get used to periodic trips with bundles to dry cleaning. Frequently machine wash synthetic duvets with gels instead of powder in the “baby wash” cycle. Remove carpets from the house, send exotic animal skins to the dacha. It would be nice to add humidifiers and home air purifiers to this set of measures.

By following our advice, you can protect your child from the manifestation of allergy symptoms such as:

• runny nose;
• sneezing;
• cough;
• lacrimation;

The signs of household allergies in newborns will disappear quickly.

Diagnostics

Often, a specialist, identifying symptoms, has to give a referral for analysis in order to accurately determine the allergen. The essence of the method is as follows: blood is taken for immunoglobulins E. The next analysis is "poetic" - blood from a vein for allergens. In the second case, parents themselves can choose from a long list of allergens those that, according to their observations, cause unwanted immune reactions.

Unfortunately, in most regions, such an analysis can only be done for a fee - one position costs about 200 rubles. To get a reliable result, pediatricians advise donating blood for various infections. In this case, the analysis will be more informative.

It sometimes seems to young mothers that the analysis did not give a complete answer to all questions. In this case, your doctor will recommend a skin test. The results are known immediately after the manipulation. The blood test is ready later - in a week.

The fear of mothers manifests itself when they learn that blood is taken from a vein for analysis. Do not worry:

1. your baby has already done such a manipulation immediately after birth to determine the blood group and Rh.
2. from an experienced nurse, blood sampling is instant and painless - the baby will not have time to feel anything.

Allergy treatment

Signs of newborn allergies disappear with adherence to diet, drug therapy, and proper child care. Allergies can be prevented without creating a risk to the health of the child - we talked about preventive measures in this article.

Remember! It is easier to prevent than to cure.

Only a specialist can choose an adequate complex treatment:

• tablets;
• drops;
• external ointments, gels, powders.

We do not dissuade you from communicating with your friends, searching for information on various forums. Be aware that the insidiousness of allergies manifests itself even after the disappearance of the visible symptoms of the disease. They can return at any time, leading to complications later in the child's life.

Treat this information responsibly, work with doctors on this problem and be healthy!

In the video below, the famous doctor Komarovsky will talk about allergy medications. Remember, only a doctor can prescribe any medicine!

Allergy is called the disease of the 21st century. Twenty percent of children born in our time will have pathology by the end of school. How to help a newborn and baby? Is it always necessary to treat the disease?

Need for allergy treatment

Allergy is an increased reaction of the immune system to foreign substances called allergens. Over the past century, children have been diagnosed with this diagnosis ten times more often. The reasons for this are both an increase in the number of allergens in the environment of the child, and the fact that medicine has stepped forward in the diagnosis of this disease, and now it becomes easier to identify and cure it.

The human body, especially in children of the first year of life, can often cope with the effects of allergic substances on it due to the protection of immunity.

If we compare newborn babies receiving artificial and natural feeding, then the former are more likely to develop pathology. Breastfed babies have minimal exposure to food allergens through exposure to their mother's milk, and even after completion have a lower risk of food allergies. However, breastfeeding is not a panacea, there are exceptions, for example, when a child inherits a disease from their parents, and medical attention is simply necessary. Also, there are cases when children are born prone to allergies due to a difficult pregnancy of the mother or due to the presence of disorders of the digestive or nervous systems.

With age, a child's pathology can develop from living conditions, after an infectious disease, while taking medications (for example, with antibiotic therapy), from vaccinations and other factors.

Manifestation of allergies in young children

A particular danger to the life of newborns is an allergy that causes difficulty breathing, swelling of the face and neck (Quincke's edema), anaphylactic shock. In these cases, you should urgently call for medical help.

The most common symptoms of allergies in babies are a runny nose and sneezing, redness, itching and dryness of the skin, the appearance of rashes and watery eyes. Also, the manifestations of the disease include constipation or diarrhea, colic, excessive regurgitation and eczema.

Allergy symptoms in infants - photo gallery

Diathesis is the reaction of the child's body to the environment Atopic dermatitis is a chronic inflammatory skin disease of an allergic nature Eczema is an acute or chronic non-infectious inflammatory skin disease Lacrimation in infants often occurs with allergies

Methods of therapy for different types of allergies in newborns and babies

Treatment of pathology depends on its type and manifestation. The main way to help a child is to identify and isolate the allergen.

Food allergy

Food allergies are the most common of the other types. Its signs appear shortly after the use of the stimulus (from instantaneous manifestation to four hours). There are a lot of foods that can cause a reaction in a child, but there are several groups of the most common food allergens:

• milk and dairy products (allergen - milk protein);
• chicken eggs (allergen - egg white);
• Fish and seafood;
• wheat;
• meat;
• berries, vegetables and fruits (especially red and orange colors, as well as exotic origin);
• nuts;
• sweets (in particular, containing caffeine - chocolate, sweets).

Food allergy in infants manifests itself mainly in the form of diathesis, atopic dermatitis, eczema, urticaria or itching.

The best option would be to exclude provocative foods from the diet of a nursing mother, and also not to use mixtures on cow's milk for up to six months (optimally - hypoallergenic mixtures on goat's milk).

When feeding babies, the first time a woman should keep a food diary, recording new foods introduced into the diet and the baby's reaction. If an allergy manifests itself in the form of a rash, itching, redness, peeling of the skin, diathesis, urticaria or vomiting, the best help for the crumb will be the exclusion of the allergen from the menu and adherence to the diet.

Respiratory (respiratory) allergy

Allergens in everyday life with a respiratory form of pathology will be:

• pets (cats, dogs, parrots);
• dust, pillows and blankets;
• household chemicals;
• fungus.

Outside the house, pollen of plants (wormwood, dandelions, wheat) and trees (poplar fluff, acacia), chemical reagents act as allergens.

Respiratory allergy manifestations are changes in the lungs (cough, bronchitis, bronchial asthma, dyspnea), as well as allergic rhinitis, nasal congestion and mucosal edema, conjunctivitis.

If the infant has signs of a respiratory allergy, it is necessary to identify and isolate the provocateur. If it is impossible to remove it (for example, poplar fluff) or if it was not possible to determine the source of the reaction, it becomes necessary to clean the air using technical means: put mosquito nets on the windows, purchase an air sink. In addition, an allergic person needs to carry out daily wet cleaning of the room, minimize the use of household chemicals and get rid of dust accumulators (carpets, plush toys, pillows, curtains, bedspreads, etc.). If the cause of the pathology is pets, you need to give them to relatives or friends.

Allergic rhinitis: the school of Dr. Komarovsky - video

Contact allergy

In newborns and infants, contact allergy manifests itself in the form of atopic dermatitis, redness and peeling of the skin, rash, itching and eczema.

Allergies are caused by:

• chlorine in water;
• household chemicals;
• synthetic fabrics and dyes;
• wool, down, feather;
• low-quality toys, drinking cups, dishes - all household items with which the child comes into contact. The plastic from which the things necessary for the baby's everyday life are made must be food grade.

If an allergy occurs in a baby, it is necessary to identify and remove the allergen:

• filter and boil water;
• replace washing powders with baby ones;
• dress the baby in linen and cotton clothes, covering all parts of the body (put on long-sleeved sweaters, bodysuits, pants, cotton caps under the hats);
• prevent overheating, which increases sweating;
• bathe the baby daily, using baby products once a week.

Dermatitis in a child - video

Drug allergy

Allergy to drugs is a form of pathology in which the body's immune system produces antibodies in response to taking any medication. The most allergenic are insulin, aspirin and even whole groups of drugs: antibiotics, vitamins, some vaccines. About 15% of people taking medication have a negative reaction.

There are several factors contributing to the development of drug allergies in young children:

1. Treatment without medical supervision.
2. Interaction of drugs with harmful substances received with food (dyes, flavors, preservatives).
3. Cross-allergy (a reaction to a drug similar to the formula, which is also an allergen, for example, penicillin and cephalosporin).
4. Simultaneous intake of a large number of medications.
5. Route of drug administration: inhalation and injection increase the risk of allergies.

A drug allergy can appear in a child both instantly after taking the drug (anaphylactic shock, Quincke's edema), and during the day (fever, rash, itching, runny nose). Sometimes symptoms can appear even after a few days in the form of rashes and itching. Also referred to as an allergic reaction is the appearance of vasculitis (vascular inflammation).

If any of the above signs of allergy occur in a child, stop taking the drug immediately. With anaphylactic shock and angioedema, urgent medical attention is needed in the form of an injection with a hormonal agent. In other cases, a diet is recommended, the appointment of antihistamines and sorbents, for example, Enterosgel.

Drug therapy

Among the medicines for allergies in children of the first year of life, there are two large groups of drugs: systemic and local agents. Each group is further divided into subgroups, depending on the dosage form of the drug.

Systemic drugs on the body

This group includes drugs for the treatment of allergies, which are taken orally or by injection and have a complex effect on the body. There are two categories of them: antihistamines and hormonal (steroid) drugs.

For infants, first of all, drugs of the first category are recommended, as they are safer and have fewer side effects. Steroids are prescribed by a doctor in case of emergency medical care (the occurrence of anaphylactic shock in a child, Quincke's edema), as well as for severe forms of allergy (for example, bronchial asthma).

Antiallergenic medicines for monthly babies and older children: Suprastin, Fenistil and others - table

Systemic (general) drugs
Antihistamines	Steroid (hormonal)
Syrup preparation: Eden. Drops: Fenistil (Dimetinden) is used in children from one month of age; Cetirizine (Zyrtec) is allowed for children from six months. Injections: Suprastin (Chloropyramine) is allowed from one month, it is used in extreme cases and no more than ten days. Tablets: Suprastin (Chloropyramine) in the form of tablets is administered orally. Before use, it is recommended to crush to a powder state.	Prednisone. Dexamethasone. Dosage form for newborns - ampoules for injection.

Preparations for the complex therapy of allergies in children under one year old - photo gallery

Sweet syrup is easier for babies to take Suprastin - the most effective drug against allergies Prednisolone is used in severe cases Fenistil in drops is convenient for children

Complex therapy: the use of sorbents, calcium gluconate

In addition to these drugs, in the complex treatment of newborns, adsorbents are used that remove allergens from the baby's digestive system, thereby preventing them from entering the bloodstream from the intestines (allowed from birth: Smecta, Neosmectin, Eterosgel). Also, during therapy, it is necessary to prevent constipation, and if it occurs, use drugs with lactulose that are safe for children in the first year of life: Portalak, Duphalac.

It is worth noting that with a lack of calcium in the child's body, allergic manifestations intensify. This explains the appearance of negative reactions during teething and growth spurt in children. The use of drugs with calcium (for example, Calcium gluconate) is optimal for babies under one year old in order to avoid the appearance of a deficiency of this element. It is necessary to give the remedy during a meal, adding to dairy food.

Means for an integrated approach to allergy in infants - photo gallery

Normase contains lactulose
Smecta is an adsorbent approved for use by newborns
Lactulose syrup, approved for long-term use Duphalac is a safe and non-toxic preparation with lactulose
Neosmectin is an analogue of Smecta.When added to food, a calcium gluconate tablet must be ground into powder

Topical medications

Local remedies are safer for newborns and are applied topically, depending on the location of the affected area.

If symptoms of contact allergy occur in infants, drug therapy is possible, despite an early age.

All funds are publicly available and are available in every pharmacy. Preparations with dexpanthenol and lanolin, in addition to antiallergic effect, have a soothing and wound healing effect on children's skin, relieve diaper rash and are suitable for daily use.

Ointments, creams and gels for the treatment of skin manifestations of allergies: D-Panthenol, Tsindol, Advantan and others - table

Name of the drug and active ingredient	Dosage form	Age from which it is approved for use	Under what manifestations of allergies is it effective?
Fenistil (dimetindene)	gel; emulsion.	from birth	itchy dermatoses; eczema; hives.
Psilo-balm (diphenhydramine)	gel
Bepanten, D-Panthenol (dexpanthenol)	cream; ointment.		dermatitis; allergic skin irritation.
Sudokrem (zinc oxide, lanolin)	cream		eczema; dermatitis.
Zindol (zinc oxide)	suspension		skin inflammation; eczema.
Advantan (methylprednisolone aceponate is a synthetic steroid)	cream; ointment; emulsion.	from 4 months	atopic dermatitis; contact dermatitis; eczema.

Means for the treatment of skin manifestations in infants - photo gallery

Psilo-balm - antiallergic preparation Cream with panthenol is intended for baby's skin care Sudocrem - antiseptic for babies Advantan - effective for dermatoses
Tsindol - talker for the treatment of dermatitis
Fenistil - antihistamine

Respiratory allergy medications

Allergic rhinitis is a rather rare occurrence at an early age. If it is impossible to identify or remove the provocateur, drops based on sea water or isotonic solution are often used to help the baby. These preparations have a local effect: they moisturize mucous membranes, remove allergens and are suitable for daily hygiene of a child. Usually, in young children, allergic rhinitis accompanies viral diseases, then antiviral drugs and interferons are included in the therapy regimen.

It is not recommended to use vasoconstrictor drugs for more than 5 days in order to avoid the development of addiction to the active substance. The action of such drugs is aimed at relieving nasal congestion, which is especially important for the possibility of adequate nutrition and sleep.

Drops for infants with allergic rhinitis - table

Aquamaris drops are the best remedy for infants with rhinitis Nazivin is recommended for no more than 5 days Nazol baby - vasoconstrictor drugs with phenylephrine are preferable for infants
Otrivin baby - saline-based drops are ideal for the hygiene of the nasal mucosa

Allergic conjunctivitis therapy

With allergic conjunctivitis in children under one year old, many antiallergic drugs are prohibited. Help is possible in the form of cool and wet compresses on the eyes, rinsing with chamomile infusion. Among local drugs, Ketotifen is approved for use (from the age of 6 months) and only when prescribed by a doctor. In severe forms of allergic conjunctivitis, hormonal agents will be prescribed by the doctor.

Doctor Komarovsky's opinion on antiallergic drugs - video

Folk remedies for allergies

In the treatment of allergies, the help of folk remedies is aimed only at relieving symptoms, and not at treating the disease itself. Such methods are especially relevant for infants due to the safety and benefits of the herbs and plants used, as well as the possibility of long-term use without harm to the health of the child.

It is worth paying attention to the fact that the appointment of phytopreparations, like conventional medicines, must be agreed with the doctor. Many collections contain in their composition Compositae plants, which are strong allergens.

If a child has a reaction to flowering (or a genetic predisposition to hay fever), only an allergist should select the appropriate therapy.

Baths from a series, lavrushka from itching and acne

Aloe, chamomile compresses

The peculiarity of the treatment of allergies in infants and newborns in a limited range of drugs acceptable for therapy. The best prevention of the disease in breastfed babies is adherence to the diet of a nursing mother, and for artificial people - the correct selection of a hypoallergenic mixture. Also useful are daily hygiene procedures, wet cleaning, the use of children's detergents and quality toys. By observing these rules, it is possible to avoid the appearance of allergies or reduce its symptoms.

In children under one year old, negative skin reactions often appear. Rash, redness, itching give the baby discomfort, worsen the general condition of the baby. Often, negative symptoms appear with the action of an irritant, an acute immune response develops.

Parents should know what allergies look like in infants, why unpleasant symptoms occur, how to distinguish dermatological diseases from urticaria, childhood eczema or contact dermatitis. The recommendations of pediatricians and allergists will help to cope with the problem.

Causes of occurrence

In children of the first year of life, negative reactions occur in the following cases:

• genetic predisposition. True allergy develops against the background of negative factors, if the father or mother (sometimes both parents) are hypersensitive to stimuli;
• dysbiosis. Late attachment to the breast, imperfection of a weak digestive system in a newborn, artificial feeding are factors that provoke problems with the microflora. The lack of breast milk slows down the filling of the intestines with beneficial bacteria, against the background of constant digestive problems, food allergies arise;
• frequent use of potential allergens by the expectant mother. Failure to comply with a hypoallergenic diet, addiction to a certain type of food can provoke negative reactions in a newborn;
• feeding the baby with nutritious mixtures from the first days of life, refusal of natural feeding;
• vaccination. The body of weakened children reacts negatively to vaccinations;
• inhalation of the pollen of some plants. Children with allergies can be harmed by birch, alder, loboda, poplar fluff;
• introduction of complementary foods in violation of the norms, the use of highly allergenic foods as food for babies;
• infectious pathologies during pregnancy. Against the background of rubella, hepatitis, purulent sore throat, fetal development pathologies often occur, sometimes a child is born with an innate sensitivity to the action of allergens;
• the use of antibiotics. Often, an acute immune response with severe symptoms develops during the treatment of infectious diseases in crumbs. Drug allergies often cause dangerous reactions, such as;
• drugs for colic. Medicines in the form of suspensions and drops relieve the condition of the crumbs with painful manifestations, but often contain flavors and dyes. In some babies, the body reacts negatively to synthetic components;
• poor quality skin care formulations baby, cheap detergents for washing baby clothes with phosphates, harmful surfactants, household chemicals in the form of aerosols and powders. A negative reaction in crumbs is sometimes caused by persistent perfumes, deodorants with a bright aroma;
• bad ecology. In regions with polluted water, air, and an increased radiation background, doctors diagnose cases of allergic diseases more often than in a safe area.

Characteristic signs and symptoms

How does allergy manifest in infants? Doctors distinguish several groups of negative symptoms. With a mild allergic reaction, two or three symptoms appear, the baby's condition is satisfactory. The severe form is a noticeable deterioration in well-being, the manifestation of many signs (some symptoms threaten the child's life).

Negative skin reactions:

• purple blisters (the size of convex formations is from 0.5 to 12-15 cm);
• fine: bubbles with liquid inside;
• red spots;
• White blisters with a red border (severe giant urticaria)
• small red-pink spots resembling a nettle burn mark;
• papules with fluid;
• redness of the epidermis on the cheeks, forehead, chin. Hyperemia is also observed on the elbows, neck, under the knees, on the buttocks, in the groin folds;
• erythema;
• and burning;
• serous wells with;
• crusts against a background of redness;
• yellow seborrheic scales;
• wounds, ulcers, oozing problem areas after the opening of the bubbles, leakage of exudate;
• an increase in local temperature, the addition of a fungal or bacterial infection against the background of scratching.

Adverse reactions in the digestive tract:

• nausea;
• loss of appetite;
• vomit;
• painful colic;
• diarrhea;
• regurgitation;
• constipation.

Common signs:

• labored breathing;
• bronchospasm;
• lowering pressure;
• insomnia, whims against a background of severe itching;
• anxiety or, conversely, drowsiness;
• increased heart rate;
• an increase in temperature (rare).

Types of allergic diseases in infants

Doctors identify several types of allergies:

• food;
• medicinal;
• contact (dermatitis);
• aeroallergy.

By the nature of the flow:

• sharp. Signs appear after a short time after contact with an irritant, disappear after a few days (with proper treatment);
• chronic. Negative symptoms persist for four to five weeks or longer, with repeated contact with the allergen, relapses occur.

In infants, doctors diagnose diseases of an allergic nature:

• ... A disease with pronounced symptoms develops with a hereditary predisposition. An allergic reaction occurs against the background of many factors: from eating unsuitable food to UV rays. With timely and proper treatment, children's eczema passes by two to five years, the wrong actions of the parents provoke the transition of the disease into a chronic form, the tendency to atopy persists for many years;
• ... Red-pink spots and blisters appear on the baby's body, resembling a trail from a nettle burn. The body is itchy, the child is capricious. Acute urticaria develops against the background of the action of various allergens, the chronic form occurs when the baby detects autoimmune pathologies, severe liver damage, diseases of the digestive system, the appearance of tumors;
• ... Disease with pronounced skin symptoms. Negative symptoms appear in the area of ​​contact with the irritant. Many names act as an allergen: baby skin care products, linen washed with low-quality powder. The main signs: redness of the epidermis, red spots or blistering rash, itching, swelling of the affected area;
• in a baby. In children under one year old, with breastfeeding, skin reactions and digestive problems occur in two cases: improper feeding of the baby (early introduction of complementary foods, the use of potential allergens) or violation of the recommendations of a nursing mother (a woman eats foods that cause allergies in an infant). Artificial children often suffer from food allergies to formulas with gluten or lactose intolerance;
• ... A dangerous condition against the background of a powerful release of histamine. A lightning reaction develops after a stinging insect bite, eating highly allergenic food, or taking antibiotics. The face, eyelids, tongue, lips, palate are very swollen. The child suffocates, wheezes, suffocation develops when the larynx is compressed. If such signs appear, you need to urgently call an ambulance. Before the arrival of doctors, it is imperative to give a drug for allergies: Suprastin in a dosage of ¼ tablets or Fenistil-drops - 3-10 drops.

Go to the address and read about how and how to treat chronic urticaria at home.

How to distinguish allergies from prickly heat

In the table, parents will find signs on the basis of which it is easier to figure out which disease develops in a baby:

Signs	Allergy	Prickly heat
Localization area	Face, cheeks, forehead, inner knees, elbows, neck	Skin folds, buttocks, neck, upper back
What does a rash look like?	Various signs appear: from small bubbles with liquid, ulcers to red spots and purple blisters 10 cm or more	Small, pale pink or red rash, homogeneous, bubbles are near
Reasons for the appearance	The action of various irritants - from aeroallergens to unsuitable products and natural factors	Overheating of the baby, poor care for delicate skin, heat and high humidity in the apartment, tight clothes made of unnatural fabrics, untimely change of diapers
Treatment	The signs disappear only after taking antihistamines, treating the skin with non-hormonal and hormonal (in severe cases) compounds	Negative reactions disappear with proper care of the baby's skin, normalization of temperature and humidity in the home, after applying wound healing ointments and creams

Many parents ask: "How to distinguish allergies from skin diseases?" Acute immune response and always accompanied by additional signs that are not present in dermatological diseases.

On a note! Parents will have to suspect the effect of an allergen if the child has not only a rash, itching and redness on the body, but the baby also sneezes, coughs without sputum discharge, there is a noticeable swelling or severe swelling of the tissues, liquid transparent mucus is released from the nose, the conjunctiva turns red, the eyelids itch. With allergies in infants, digestive disorders appear, and overall health worsens.

Safe and effective treatments

How and how to treat allergies in infants? Allergy in children under one year old, in the absence of timely and competent medical care, often turns into a chronic stage. Moms do not always follow the doctor's instructions - this fact also slows down recovery. Refusal of medicines for external application and oral administration in favor of folk remedies is often harmful to the health of the child. Without application

Infants' hypersensitivity to certain foods, germs and medications triggers an unusual response from the body. As in children of other age groups, allergies in infants are caused by an overreaction of the immune system. Treatment of the disease becomes a big challenge for parents, sometimes stretching for many years. If you follow the recommendations of doctors, then the situation will improve significantly.

Allergy is a state of hypersensitivity of the body to certain irritants that do not cause unusual reactions in other people. Thanks to the immune system, antibodies are formed that neutralize antigens (foreign proteins). Food allergies such as sugar are not associated with immune responses. Antibodies are not formed, histamine is released during biochemical transformations of food components.

Intoxication or infection is often combined with a lack of vitamins, antioxidants, and minerals in the body.

Children with at least one parent with allergies are at higher risk of developing unusual immune system reactions. Due to the specific treatment of infectious diseases, the load on the immune system is reduced. The number of bacteria, fungi, viruses, foreign proteins and other antigens in the body decreases.

Diet changes and supplements help eliminate nutritional deficiencies. As a result, allergies in babies are much easier. With age, the rash decreases in size, other manifestations of the disease disappear. However, if the exposure to the irritating substance persists, the child's condition may deteriorate.

Features of allergies in infants

The general picture of the disease consists of skin lesions, dysfunctions of the respiratory system, sensory organs and gastrointestinal tract. The first symptoms appear at the age of 1-3 months. Your baby's body reacts unusually to the materials in plastic bottles, pacifiers, toys and clothing.

How to distinguish prickly heat from allergies in babies:

1. A rash with prickly heat forms in the folds of the skin, in the diaper area.
2. Hives and swelling of soft tissues with allergies in infants can occur anywhere on the body.
3. An allergic rash is accompanied by severe itching of the skin.
4. Symptoms of rhinitis and conjunctivitis are common with allergies.

Penicillin antibiotics are common causes of a child's body rash. There is also an allergy to aquadetrim and anti-diphtheria serum. The development of an infant form of atopic dermatitis in newborns is possible, but children older than 6 months are more likely to get sick. The outdated name of the disease is "exudative diathesis".

Among the main manifestations of an unusual reaction in young children to pollen, dust mites, mold are sneezing, nasal congestion, redness of the eyes. Smoke, droplets of air fresheners, perfumes cause wheezing in the chest, shortness of breath, obsessive cough.

Food allergies in infants

Pediatricians give an affirmative answer to the question of whether a baby can have an allergic reaction to a formula for artificial and mixed feeding. Food allergy manifests itself in the form of skin rashes, rhinitis, conjunctivitis. From the gastrointestinal tract - nausea, vomiting, diarrhea. The most serious symptoms include swelling of the larynx and tongue. Bronchospasm occurs, the child loses consciousness. In such situations, you need to urgently seek medical help.

A mixed and formula-fed infant is given hypoallergenic baby food. Complementary feeding is introduced to the baby gradually and the reaction of the body is monitored. A nursing mother needs to be careful about choosing foods for her diet. Potential allergens include chicken eggs, cow's milk, citrus fruits, and red vegetables and fruits. Flavors AB550–553, dyes E102, E110, preservatives E210–227, antioxidant E921 have strong allergenic properties.

Infant form of atopic dermatitis

Inflammation of the skin occurs in infants with a hereditary predisposition to allergies. At an early stage of the disease, dry, reddened and itchy areas appear on the body, blisters, which the child combs. The rash occurs on the cheeks, scalp, wrists, elbows, and ankles. Both fresh combs and drying crusts are noticeable.

How does the exudative form of dermatitis manifest in infants:

• fatty scales, yellow-brown crusts under the hair on the head and on the eyebrows are growing;
• the tendency to sweating increases, even with daily bathing, washing;
• a persistent rash forms in the folds of the legs, neck, as well as behind the ears, on the arms;
• pink-red shiny spots appear on the cheeks;
• a rash appears in the form of itchy small blisters.

A child with exudative diathesis is more susceptible to various infections. SARS, bronchitis and pneumonia are more severe, often accompanied by dangerous complications. Often, the affected area of ​​the skin increases in size in cold and hot weather, due to poor-quality water. Therefore, it is important to maintain an optimal air humidity of 60% in the room where the baby is located, to make sure that his clothes correspond to the temperature conditions.

Airway allergy in infants

Pollinosis is a disease caused by pollen and plant fluff. Manifested by itching in the eyes, lacrimation, sneezing, runny nose. The strongest allergenic properties are possessed by poplar, birch, alder, cereals, and ragweed. In some cases, with atopic dermatitis and seasonal rhinoconjunctivitis, itching occurs in the ear canal, peeling in the auricles. Allergies to chamomile are much less common than to ragweed, dandelion and wormwood.

What does allergic conjunctivitis look like:

1. severe itching in the eye area;
2. redness of the eyelids and sclera;
3. lacrimation;
4. photophobia.

Off-season allergic rhinitis in infants is recognized by frequent sneezing, persistent nasal congestion, and rhinorrhea (runny nose). As a rule, symptoms are aggravated in the presence of microscopic mold fungi, due to the pungent odors of hairsprays, perfumes. An allergy to house dust occurs when mites that live in beds, upholstered furniture, and on the bedroom floor enter the respiratory tract. Signs of the disease - rhinitis, conjunctivitis, bronchial asthma. Insect bites are allergic to swelling, redness, and severe itching of the skin. Most often, this reaction occurs when a bee, wasp or bumblebee stings.

Many allergens enter the respiratory system of the baby:

• skin flakes, particles of hair of cats, dogs;
• excrement of parrots, canaries, pigeons;
• drops of saliva and urine of animals;
• dust from dry fish food.

There are forms of allergies that affect the lower respiratory system. This group includes bronchial asthma and alveolitis. The second disease is caused by molds and dust from hay that have penetrated the alveoli of the lungs.

Skin tests are carried out to determine the sensitivity to household mites, pollen, fungi, excreta from domestic animals, food. In the laboratory, a puncture is made in the forearm with a syringe needle and a drop of solution is applied. To detect drug allergies, a solution of the drug is also instilled into the eye or nose. In addition, a blood test is performed to determine antibodies to antigens.

How quickly does a reaction to an allergen appear on skin tests? How long does it take for redness and blister formation? This largely depends on the sensitivity of the body to certain substances.

Any provocative tests to determine the allergen are associated with a risk to the patient's health. All manipulations must be performed by qualified medical personnel.

Treatment of allergies in infants:

Antihistamines

Symptomatic therapy is to relieve itching, eliminate the rash. How to treat exudative diathesis and other forms of allergy in a particular case, the doctor decides. Antihistamines are prescribed for urticaria, atopic dermatitis, rhinitis, and conjunctivitis. Fenistil drops are suitable for babies over 4 weeks old. Zyrtec can be given to children over 6 months of age.

Antihistamines prevent the release of histamine, a substance responsible for allergic reactions.

How long the allergy goes through depends on the form of the disease, the timeliness of the treatment started. Diphenhydramine and Suprastin quickly eliminate the symptoms of urticaria, rhinitis and conjunctivitis. However, these drugs cause drowsiness and dry mouth. Representatives of later generations of antihistamines - cetirizine, loratadine, desloratadine and others - do not possess pronounced sedative properties. Eye drops with these active ingredients are used to treat allergic rhinitis and conjunctivitis.

Sorbents

The drug enterosgel is given to infants with allergies to cleanse the intestines of toxins. The preferred form of release of this sorbent for children is a sweet hydrogel with a fruity taste. The active ingredient of the drug does not dissolve in water, but forms a cloudy mixture. Enterosgel as a "molecular sponge" adsorbs toxins in the intestines and is excreted along with processed food.

Indications for taking sorbent:

1. food and drug poisoning;
2. exudative diathesis;
3. food allergy;
4. gastrointestinal diseases;
5. neurodermatitis.

For allergies in infants, enterosgel is given an hour and a half before meals or two hours after meals. The daily dose for children under 5 years of age is 15 g; this amount of paste is divided into three doses. Before use, enterosgel should be mixed with 1/3 cup of water and given to the child to drink.

It is necessary to strictly adhere to the dosages and duration of the course of treatment (1-2 weeks). The drug causes constipation, intestinal obstruction may occur. Smecta and polyphepan are cheaper than enterosgel. The disadvantage of these sorbents is a stronger negative effect on the intestinal microflora.

External remedies

Cortisone and other hormonal drugs have anti-inflammatory and anti-allergic effects. Corticosteroids in the cream and ointment quickly eliminate itching of the skin with allergies in infants. For quick healing, combs can be lubricated with Bepanten.

What to do to prevent the harmful effects of hormonal ointment on the skin? Mix with baby cream (1: 2) before application.

How to cure exudative diathesis:

• add to the bathing water an infusion of a string, calendula, a decoction of oak bark;
• do washings and lotions with these solutions;
• treat the affected skin areas with brilliant green or fucorcin in order to prevent suppuration;
• use antibacterial ointments if purulent inflammation cannot be avoided.