Presentation on the topic: "The emergence of inequality and the nobility." Presentation for the lesson "the emergence of inequality and the nobility" Project of the emergence of inequality and the nobility
The first craft workshops appeared
about 150,000 years ago
They were located in settlements or in an area where there was a lot of stone suitable for processing.
But complete separation of craft into an independent activity happened, obviously, when they were invented
Loom
Potter's wheel
Mesopotamia
The potter's wheel and loom appeared in the 3rd millennium BC. NS.
Egypt
Craft
Advantages of Pottery Wheel and Loom
Shorter production time
Release of more products
Improving product quality
In the V-IV millennia BC. NS.
people learned to melt metal.
They began to use it in the manufacture of tools.
This discovery appears to have happened by accident. Copper nuggets got into the pottery kiln. Under the influence of high temperature, the metal softened and easily changed shape upon impact.
Kiln for firing
Copper nugget
Copper products
Copper was forged
Axes
Tesla
Daggers
Copy tips
Dishes
Arrowheads
Copper is a fairly soft metal.
She could not find widespread use.
The second metal that man learned to smelt was bronze.
Copper
Bronze
Tin
an alloy of copper and tin.
Mastering metals
The advantages of bronze over copper
Great hardness
Fusibility
Strength
Mesopotamia
The discovery of bronze took place in
III millennium BC NS.
Persian
The heyday of bronze metallurgy accounts for
for the II millennium BC. NS.
Bronze was obtained in large bonfires.
When it was made, a layer of ore was alternated with a layer of firewood.
Bronze products
A wide variety of products were made from bronze:
Sickles
Handpieces
Axes
Swords
Coulters
Decorations
Buckles
Dishes
Bronze in hardness could not be compared with flint.
During the Bronze Age, stone tools retained their importance.
The Hittites were the first to learn how to smelt iron around 1800 BC. NS.
Hittite kingdom
For a long time, iron was not widely used.
Its melting point is extremely high: 1530 ℃.
They could not get such a temperature in ancient fires.
Iron products
They learned to forge weapons from iron
Swords
Ploughshare
Axes
Arrowheads
Copy tips
Scissors
Coulters
Files
Staples
Sickles
Iron assimilation
An iron ax could free significant tracts from the forest
Plows and plows made of iron made it possible to work the land better
Displacement of stone by iron
Exchange
Livestock development
Craft development
Agriculture development
The need to exchange manufactured products
there is a need to exchange among themselves the products they produce: animal skins, wool, meat, grain, dishes, cloth, tools, and so on.
How many axes do you need to give to get a sack of grain in return?
First money
Livestock
Rare shells
Ingots of metals
The exchange was the first step
to the emergence of trade
Partyarchy
The manufacture of metal tools and weapons, the development of cattle breeding and agriculture were associated with the activities of men.
The gradual loss of a special position by women in the family and in society.
Exclusion of women from participation in community meetings.
The transformation of maternal clan communities into patriarchal ones.
The emergence of inequality
Improvement of tools of labor
Changing the position of an individual in society
More agile and stronger worked better and faster
The work of the best workers
began to be encouraged when distributing products
I am the best hunter!
So you are entitled to more!
The need for joint work by the entire community has disappeared.
A new order is taking shape among the farmers.
The community now consists of large families.
The land, as before, belonged to the entire community. A common pasture for cattle grazing was preserved, and a forest was also common. Community members jointly cleared the field for sowing, dug ditches for its irrigation, and guarded the seedlings.
Pasture
Field
Individual families provided themselves with everything they needed.
In addition, they could accumulate surplus products for exchange.
The emergence of inequality
Creation of exchange products by a separate family
Receipt of products of labor in excess of what is necessary for an individual family
Accumulation of wealth
Property bundle
A difficult situation
Loss of the breadwinner
Wellbeing
Availability of land
and wealth
and working hands
The emergence of poor and rich families
The tribal community is being replaced by the neighboring community.
Now people are united only by economic interests in a certain territory.
The captured people were no longer killed, but turned into slaves.
The use of slave labor has become profitable.
One person could produce more food than he needed.
The emergence of slavery
Use of slave labor
Land cultivation
Cattle breeding (work as shepherds)
Craft (spinning, weaving)
Slaves could have some things, they could have a family.
For a good job, they could get freedom.
Now the leaders began to stand out for their wealth.
They became famous.
In connection with the wars, the importance of the military leader increased.
The arrival of the nobility
Tribe management.
The occupation of a military leader
Disposal of food supplies.
Trial over tribesmen.
Leaders and elders made up the clan nobility.
They began to pass on their property and positions by inheritance.
Class: 5
- to lead students to an understanding of the reasons for the emergence of inequality between people, to ensure the assimilation of the concepts of "neighbor community", "inequality", "know";
- continue to develop skills to deliver short messages, compare (tools, tribal and neighboring communities), establish causal relationships, solve historical problems.
Lesson type: combined.
Basic concepts: craft, plow, neighborhood community, inequality, nobility, leader, slave.
Equipment: computer presentation ( Annex 1), cards with the concepts of the lesson, textbook (A.A. Vigasin, G.I. ...
During the classes
I. Organizational moment
II. Introductory speech of the teacher, posing a problematic question
In the last lesson, you and I were mentally transported on an imaginary time machine to ten thousand years ago and ended up in a village of primitive farmers and pastoralists. ( Slide 1). What was the name of the collective of people living in this village? (Tribal community). What is called a clan community?
Approximately 3 thousand years have passed. We found ourselves in this village again. ( Slide 1). What changed? (Several houses appeared instead of one, the arable land was divided into plots.)
Who do you think lives in the houses? (Individual families). The community now consists of separate families and is called a neighbor community.
Why is arable land divided into areas of unequal size? (Inequality exists in the community.)
Let's solve a historic problem.
“During archaeological excavations, archaeologists have found two graves. In one of them, beads of precious stones were preserved on the chest of the deceased, and the remains of a golden crown on his forehead. Copper axes and a dagger lay next to the body. At the wall of the grave stood gold and silver vessels with images of a leopard, lion, horse, antelope. In another burial - only a copper ax.
What conclusions about people's lives can be drawn from these data? "
(Output: the nobility stood out in the neighboring community).
Topic of today's lesson: The emergence of inequality and nobility.(Slide 2).
Why did the life of people change, why did the neighboring community replace the tribal community, why did inequality appear and the nobility stood out? ( Slide 3).
We must find the answer to this question in today's lesson.
III. Repetition
Let's remember what the people who lived in the tribal community about 10 thousand years ago were doing. (Agriculture, cattle breeding, hunting, fishing, making pottery, cloth clothes). ( Slide 4).
- From what occupation did agriculture arise?
- From what occupation did cattle breeding originate?
- Name the three main tools of labor of the ancient farmers.
- How did the advent of agriculture and cattle breeding change people's lives?
Show silently, with gestures:
How did primitive farmers dig up the earth?
How was the crop harvested?
How were the trees cut down?
We answer silently, with a nod of the head, to the following questions:
- The first animal tamed by man was the horse.
- The first animal tamed by man was the dog.
- Flour was obtained by grinding grains on flat stones (grain graters).
- Weaving was invented by men.
Tell us how the earliest farmers cultivated the land?
(They cut down trees with a stone ax, burned out bushes, uprooted stumps, loosened the ground with wooden hoes. Then they threw seeds into the ground. When the harvest ripened, the ears were cut off with a sickle.)
Output: cultivating the land was not easy and required the efforts of the entire family.
IV. Learning new material
Study questions:
- Crafts development.
- The invention of the plow.
- The emergence of a neighborhood community.
- Allocation of the nobility.
Centuries passed, crafts developed.
What is craft? (A craft is the making of vessels, tools, textiles, or other items.) ( Slide 5).
A student's story about the development of crafts and the emergence of metalworking. ( Slides 6, 7).
Compare the two axes. ( Slide 8).
What is the advantage of metal tools over stone ones? (The blade of a copper ax is sharper than a stone one, they cut down a tree three times faster. In addition, a copper ax is heavier than a stone one, so it penetrates deeper into the wood. damaged, thrown away.However, copper did not completely replace stone tools, since copper is a soft metal and is rarely found in nature).
Assignment: Compare a hoe and a plow. With what tool of labor was it easier to cultivate the land? Scientists conducted an experiment and found that with the help of a plow and a horse, it was possible to loosen a piece of land 50 times faster.
Make a conclusion: what did the invention of the plow and the appearance of copper tools give man?
Pupils express their opinion, then the conclusion is read out from the textbook. (Thanks to the invention of the plow, the use of animals for loosening the earth, the appearance of copper tools, there was no need for the joint work of the entire community in the fields).
Working with the tutorial. We read paragraph 3 of paragraph 5.
Assignment: Compare the clan and the neighborhood community.
What does it mean to compare? This means finding commonalities and differences. Let's find the differences first. ( Slide 10).
Why did the neighbors continue to live in communities? What was common?
Joint work (for example, dig a pond), protection from enemies, a forest, a pasture, a river in common property. ( Slide 11).
We have already found out that inequality has appeared in the neighborhood community. What is inequality? Inequality is the appearance of rich and poor people.
Could inequality appear in the tribal community?
The teacher's story about the emergence of inequality and the nobility. ( Slides 12, 13, 14).
V. Anchoring
Now let's answer the question posed at the beginning of the lesson: Why did the life of people change, why did the neighboring community replace the clan community, inequality appeared and the nobility stood out?
Logical chain:
improved tools> it became easier to cultivate the land> more abundant steel yields> surpluses appeared> to replace generic community came neighbor's , appeared inequality , stood out know . (Slide 15).
Let's summarize. What did we learn in class today? What have you learned?
Today in the lesson we learned that a man learned to work metal, invented a plow. The emergence of new tools led to the fact that each family could independently cultivate the land. The tribal community is being replaced by the neighboring one. In the neighboring community, inequality appears and the nobility (leaders and elders) stand out.
We have learned to compare the tribal and neighboring communities, to establish the causes of historical events.
Vi. Homework
Paragraph 5, retell, answer questions, repeat the section "Life of primitive people" on the questions on page 27. ( Slide 16).
Vii. Lesson summary
Summing up the lesson, evaluating the work of individual students and the class as a whole, setting marks.
Slide 2
The main questions of the lesson:
- What is inequality?
- How and why did it appear?
- What happened in society as a result of the emergence of inequality?
Slide 3
Purpose: To form an idea of inequality among primitive people.
- Lead students to understand the causes of inequality in primitive society.
- assimilation of the concepts of "craft", "artisan", "neighborhood community", "inequality", "know", "classes", "state".
Slide 4
New words:
plow, craft, artisan, neighborhood community, inequality, nobility, classes, state.
Slide 5
Compatible - repeat
1-D, 2-A, 3-D, 4-B, 5-C, 6-F, 7-E
Slide 6
Repetition of the past
What activities of the most ancient people does this drawing give an idea of?
Slide 7
The main occupations of primitive people:
- gathering and hunting
- agriculture and cattle breeding
Slide 8
How was the collective of primitive people managed?
- Council of Elders
- Tribe
- Tribal community
Slide 9
Slide 10
Plan
- Metal processing and improvement of labor tools.
- Transition from a clan community to a neighbor one.
Slide 11
Craftsman -
A person who is professionally engaged in the manufacture of vessels, tools, fabrics or other products
Slide 12
Crafts development.
People noticed that copper nuggets caught in the hearth softened in the fire and changed shape when struck. This property made it possible to forge various objects from copper. Copper was the first metal from which people learned to make tools.
Slide 13
About 9 thousand years ago, a new occupation appeared in Western Asia - metal processing. The first metal from which people learned to make tools was COPPER.
The craftsmen learned to work with precious metals - GOLD, SILVER. They were used to make jewelry.
Slide 14
The invention of the plow
The invention of the wooden plow laid the foundation for plow farming. Thanks to the invention of the plow, the use of animals for loosening the earth, the appearance of copper tools, there was no need for the joint work of the entire community in the fields.
Slide 15
Each family has its own farm
- The tribal community was replaced by the neighboring
- Plowing the fields
- The use of copper tools
- The appearance of more products
Slide 16
Society management
- Tribal community
- Neighboring community
The LEADER is the head of the tribe. He led the military operations of the tribe.
Slide 17
The emergence of inequality
Neighborhood community is a collective of people who are not relatives, but who jointly perform a number of works (draining swamps, clearing forests for arable land, digging a pond from which water is used for irrigation, etc.).
Different attitudes towards work, unforeseen natural phenomena led to property inequality.
Slide 1
History of the Ancient World Grade 5
Emergence
inequalities
and the nobility.
Slide 2
Homework:
Prepare for the test (paragraphs 1-5) Learn concepts in a notebook
Slide 3
check yourself
From what occupation of people did cattle breeding arise? From cattle breeding; 3. From gathering; From beekeeping; 4. Out of the hunt. What is the name of an ancient bone or wood tool used to cut (squeeze) plants? Hoe; 3. Sickle; Axe; 4. Harpoon.
Slide 4
check yourself
Who was engaged in the manufacture of vessels, tools, textiles or other products? Hunter; Farmer; Craftsman; Weaver. From what occupation of people did agriculture arise? From cattle breeding; 3. From gathering; From beekeeping; 4. Out of the hunt. A wooden stick with a knot at the end used for cultivating the land is the Hoe; 3. Rake; Sickle; 4. Scythe.
Slide 5
Plan:
1. Development of crafts. 2. The invention of the plow. 3. Each family has its own household. 4. Allocation of the nobility.
Slide 6
Crafts development.
Ancient people mastered technologies that were quite complex for that level - spinning, weaving, grinding and drilling. About nine thousand years ago, a new craft appeared in Western Asia - metal processing. Copper was the first metal from which people learned to make tools.
Slide 7
Without being distracted by other activities, the artisan was engaged in either pottery, or metal processing, or some other. So gradually the craft was separated from agriculture and cattle breeding. The artisan was now trading his wares for agricultural food. Craftsmen settled in cities, and farmers and pastoralists in villages. So between town and country, agricultural. workers and artisans were exchanged.
Slide 8
Artisan
Craft
a person who is professionally engaged in the manufacture of vessels, tools, fabrics or other products.
making vessels, tools, textiles or other products.
Slide 9
The invention of the plow.
The invention of the wooden plow laid the foundation for plow farming. Thanks to the invention of the plow, the use of animals for loosening the earth, the appearance of copper tools, there was no need for the joint work of the entire community in the fields.
Slide 10
Each family has its own farm.
Now each family could run the household independently, which inevitably led to the collapse of the tribal communities. Livestock, tools, dwellings become the property of a separate family. Family relations were replaced by neighbors. A neighboring community was formed.
Slide 11
Allocation of the nobility.
But all families are different: the more skillful ones gathered more crops and increased the number of livestock faster. Some families could become prosperous over time. Within the tribes, inequality arose: some were noble, while others were ignorant; some were richer and others poorer.
Slide 12
Inequality - the emergence of rich and poor people
Slide 14
The state is such an organization of society in which there is a border, power, laws and tax collection
Slide 15
Find concepts in the textbook and write them down in a notebook: Leader, nobility, shrines, king.
Slide 16
Combine terms and their definitions.
Slide 17
Check yourself:
Tribal community Neighboring community Tribe Leader Inequality Religion
Belief in supernatural beings. The head of the warriors of the tribe. Combining several genera. A group of relatives who lived and worked together had common property. A community where families were linked not by kinship, but by neighborly relations. Distinguishing rich and poor people.
Slide 18
Set the correspondence between events and dates. For each letter, select the appropriate number.Slide 21
Establish a correspondence between definitions and concepts. Match each letter with the corresponding number.
Definitions Concepts
A) the ruler of the state; B) transfer of power from father to son; C) the head of the tribe; D) a member of the tribe. 1) the leader; 2) tribesman; 3) inheritance; 4) the king; 5) know.
