Indicate unstressed personal endings of verbs; indicate conjugation. How to determine the conjugation of a verb with an unstressed ending. VIII. Consolidation of what has been learned
The lesson of the Russian language in the 6th grade of the 1st type. Topic: How to determine the conjugation of a verb with an unstressed ending.
The purpose of the lesson:
To generalize the knowledge of students about ways to determine the conjugation of verbs;
To consolidate the ability of students to determine the type, number and face of the verb;
Create an algorithm for determining the conjugation of the verb by the indefinite form of the verb and by the form of the verb 3-person plural;
Develop the ability to form conclusions;
Develop the speech of students;
Work on the development of auditory perception and on the pronunciation side of speech;
Develop attention, memory and thinking.
During the classes.
Organizing time.
How is your health?
How is your mood?
Conjugation of verbs-?
Conjugate the verb -?
Conjugation types.
? ?
verbs to: verbs to:
This we repeated the definition of verb conjugation by ... (end).
-And now, determine the conjugation of the verbs at the end.
You shout - you fly -
Lie-in a hurry-
You stand - you play -
The first column is performed by Saiyn's team, and the second column is performed by Kuder's team. Then exchange notebooks and check who completed the task.
III. Work on a new topic (goal setting)
Guys, what question should we answer today?
How to determine the conjugation of a verb if the ending is unstressed.
Right. Read the words on the chalkboard. (Children are reading)
You sit down - Waters -
They are being treated - You are playing -
Walking - Walking -
Put stress on words.
Unstressed endings.
What can you say about the words of the 1st column?
These are verbs, they have unstressed endings.
We need to determine the conjugation of these verbs. What do we need to do?
To determine the conjugation of a verb with an unstressed ending, you need to put it in SF.
Put verbs in SF.
You sit down - plant
Treat - heal
Walk-walk
What conjugation do these verbs refer to?
To the second conjugation.
Now put these verbs in the 3rd person plural.
You sit down, sit down.
What can you say about the words of the 2nd column?
How to determine the conjugation of these verbs?
It is necessary to form an indefinite form of a verb from these verbs.
Form NF.
Watering - Watering
Walking - Walking
You play - play.
Go-go. - What conjugation do these verbs refer to?
To the first conjugation.
Now put these verbs in the 3rd person plural.
Watering - Watering
Walking - Walking
You play, they play.
Let's draw a conclusion. Kazhyk-ool, draw a conclusion.
If NF has an I suffix, then this is the second declension, and if NF does not have an E suffix, then this is the first declension.
If the verb in the 3rd person plural has the endings-ut, -yut- 1 conjugation.
If the 3rd person plural verb has the endings -at, -at- 2 conjugation.
Right. Well done boys. (along the way, the teacher helps the students)
We will complete tasks and exercises.
IV. Independent work of students.
Write the verbs in 2 columns, by conjugation.
(you run, joke, shoot, dream, make friends, chop, say, go)
Exercise 383, page 138.
How to determine the conjugation of a verb with an unstressed ending? Use these verbs as an example:
You follow, you follow, you follow -
The conjugation of these verbs can be determined by the ending. The verbs of the second conjugation have the endings -y, -it, -im, -ite, -at (-at). Hence, these are verbs of the 2nd conjugation.
You bake, bake, bake-
The endings of these verbs are yosh, -yot, -ut. These are verbs of the 1st declension.
Vi. Homework.
Exercise 385, page 138.
Come up with a linguistic tale about verbs 1 and 2 conjugation.
How to determine conjugation? The conjugation rule is studied at school for several hours. However, not every student is able to remember it without good practice. In this regard, we decided to remind you of what the verb conjugation is. The conjugation rule will also be presented to your attention along with the corresponding examples.
general information
The definition of one or another verb conjugation confuses a fairly large number of people. Especially often this problem arises during the creation of a written text. And in order not to be considered an illiterate person, the endings of the verbs must be written correctly. But for this you need to know all the rules about conjugation.
What is conjugation?
Conjugation is a grammatical one that determines its change in numbers and persons, and also dictates which letter should be written in a dubious ending.
In modern Russian, 2 are known which are named respectively: the first and the second. Depending on which of the named words this or that word belongs to, the choice of the letter in the ending occurs. By the way, do not forget that past tense verbs have no conjugation. The conjugation rule states that such words have no endings to doubt.
How to determine conjugation
To write a verb correctly, you should constantly remember the rules for conjugation.
So let's take a closer look at them. In order to find out what conjugation a particular verb has, to determine which vowel letter in its ending should be written, you need to look where the stress falls in the checked word. In the event that the ending itself is under the shock position, then with its spelling everything becomes immediately clear. This is due to the fact that the vowel is in a strong position, and therefore no doubt should arise.
But what to do if you still need to find out what is the conjugation of this or that word? The conjugation rule states that it is determined by the vowel itself. Thus, if the letters "e", "u" or "y" are under stress, then we can safely indicate that the verb being checked belongs to the first conjugation. If the strong position is occupied by "I" or "a", then this is the second conjugation.
Examples of defining conjugation by shock endings
Here are some specific examples to help you remember the conjugation rules:
- Sleep is an imperfect verb. The stress in it falls on the ending -at. Accordingly, this word refers to the second conjugation.
- NesUt is an imperfect verb. The stress in it falls on the ending -out. Accordingly, this word refers to the first conjugation.
Verbs with the prefix you-
The rule for determining the conjugation described above applies to almost all verbs. However, students often have difficulties with those words that begin with the prefix you-. This is due to the fact that in most cases the emphasis falls on it. Here's an example: it will burn. If you are faced with such a situation, then experts recommend simply discarding this morpheme and considering the word without using the prefix. For example, ON - ON. The resulting verb has an imperfect form and second conjugation. Accordingly, the initial word from which it was formed refers to it.
What if the stress does not fall on the verb ending?
Now you know that for correct spelling, it is imperative to apply the above rule. Verb conjugation is fairly easy to determine. But if this is problematic for you, then it is recommended to create a table on a separate sheet that will contain all the features of the rule.
So, with those cases when the stress falls on the ending, as well as with the prefix, we figured it out. But how to determine the conjugation of a verb if its ending is in an unstressed position? In this case, it should be determined by the infinitive. What it is? For those who have forgotten, this term is understood as an indefinite (or initial) one that answers questions such as "what to do?" and "what to do?"
Examples of determining the 1st conjugation by unstressed endings
If you have a word in front of you, the stress of which does not fall on the ending, then what rule should be applied? Verb conjugation has many nuances. And in order to correctly write the necessary text, you should know all of them.
Consider how the conjugation of verbs is determined, the ending of which takes an unstressed position:
- Draws (what does he do?) Is an imperfective verb. Quite a lot of students write it with a mistake, instead of ending -t they put -it (draws). But this is not true. In order to write a given word correctly, you should put it in an indefinite form: draws - (what to do?) Draw.
- Say (what will he do?) Is a perfect verb. When writing it, it is also easy to make a mistake, instead of ending -y with -it (say). To determine which vowel should be used in the last syllable, this word must be similarly transformed into an infinitive: will say - (what to do?) To say.
So, what does this rule of the Russian language give us? The conjugation of verbs in this case depends on their initial form. Thus, if the infinitive ends in -yat, -et, -t, -at, -t, or -yt, then the word being checked belongs to the first conjugation. Accordingly, the personal ending of these words will be as follows: -Y and -y are also possible.
Examples of determining the 2nd conjugation by unstressed endings
Rule 2 of conjugation is similar to rule 1. Let's start with a few examples:
- Walk (what are you doing?) Is an imperfect verb. Very often, instead of an unstressed ending, students write -te. In order to spell this word correctly, you need to put it in its initial form: walk - (what to do?) Walk.
- Spend (what are you doing?) Is an imperfect verb. Instead of ending it, the students mistakenly put it. For its correct spelling, the verb should also be put in an indefinite form: spend - (what to do?) Spend.
Based on these examples, we can safely conclude that verbs of the 2nd conjugation are those verbs whose initial form ends in -th. In this case, the personal endings of such words will be as follows: -it, -you, -it, -im, -yat, -at. -Y and -y are also possible.
Exceptions to the rule
All rules have their exceptions. So, the words "to shake", "shave", "to build up" and "lay" must be attributed to the first conjugation, even though in the initial form they end in "-it". Thus, their personal endings will be as follows: shave - shave, shave; to be based - is based; to lay - lay, lay, etc.
Among other things, this rule also includes such exception words as “offend”, “watch”, “hate”, “endure”, “hold”, “see”, “hear”, “twirl”, “depend ”,“ Breathe ”,“ drive ”. All of the above expressions refer to the second conjugation, even though their infinitives end in -et and -th. Thus, their personal endings will be as follows: drive - persecute, hate - hate, offend - offend, hold - hold, see - see, endure - endure, watch - look, breathe - breathe, depend - depend, etc.
Features of conjugation of verbs
In addition to verbs of the first and second conjugation, in our language there are also multi-conjugated words. These include the following: "run," "want," "dawn," "give," and "honor." Why are they called multi-conjugate? The fact is that in some forms of such verbs the endings of the first conjugation are used (more often in the singular), and in others - the second (more often in the plural). Here are some examples:
- he wants;
- you want;
- I want;
- they want;
- Do you want to;
- we want.
As you can see from the example, the multi-conjugate word includes the endings of both the first conjugation and the second.
Ways to remember rules and exceptions
In our native language, there are an incredible number of rules, which have no less than all kinds of exceptions. It should be noted that verb conjugation is one of the most difficult to remember topics in high school. It is not in vain that a large number of theoretical and practical hours are devoted to it. Moreover, in order to greatly facilitate the study of this rule, teachers of literature and the Russian language every year come up with more and more new ways of how to remember the rules of verb conjugation. For this, various songs, comic rhymes, algorithms, tables and diagrams are created. However, the essence of them is the same: it is extremely important to understand the dependence of one or another letter in a verb, which is in an unstressed position, from a letter in an indefinite form. You should also leave in memory and space for 15 exception words.
If you remember these dependencies once and for all, then you can determine the conjugation of verbs even before you start writing it down.
So, let's look at several algorithms for memorization:
- 1st conjugation. It includes all those verbs, the initial form of which does not end in -it (of course, except for the following exceptions: "to shake", "shave", "build up" and "lay").
- 2nd conjugation. It includes all those verbs whose initial form ends in -it (of course, except for the following exceptions: “offend”, “look”, “hate”, “endure”, “hold”, “see”, “hear”, “ twirl "," depend "," breathe "," drive ").
To facilitate the process of memorizing such exception words, the following rhyme was specially invented, containing all the necessary information:
To the 2nd conjugation
We will take it without a doubt
All verbs that end in -IT,
Excluding SHARP, STEEL.
And also look, offend,
Hear, see, hate,
DRIVE, hold, breathe, endure,
And hang, and twirl.
To begin with, we put the verb in an indefinite form.
In 1 conjugation, these are verbs with endings
The rest of the verbs refer to 2nd conjugation.
More details in the plate:
First, let's remember what verb conjugation is. This is a change in numbers and faces. To determine the conjugation of a verb with unstressed personal ending, you will need to translate the verb into an infinitive (into an indefinite form). In verbs of an indefinite form, there is no end, there is a suffix: -it, -et, -to speak, -yat, -at, -yt, -tot, -ut. Conjugation is determined by the vowel in front of -ty.
TO first conjugation include verbs with the suffix - at, —yat, —from, —eat, —yt, —duck.
For example: working, walking, stabbing, sweating, whining, jumping, etc.
In addition, the I conjugation includes the following verbs: br and be and stele and be, zizd and be and swell and be... This is an exception to the rule.
TO second conjugation includes verbs with the suffix -it... For example: talking, feeding, etc.
Also, the II conjugation includes:
4 verbs with the suffix -at ( Keep, to drive, breathe, hear).
7 verbs with the suffix -net ( hate, tolerate, see, watch, depend, twirl, offend.
These verbs are an exception to the rule. They need to be remembered.
Also read How to determine the conjugation of a verb.
In the case of an unstressed personal ending of the verb, you need to put this verb in the initial form and see which vowel is in front of TH, the type of conjugation depends on it. At the same time, do not forget that there are also exception verbs.
We look at the plate, I will not repeat myself:
Many verbs have unstressed personal endings. And then doubts arise as to how the words are spelled correctly:
do you hate or hate
shoot or shoot,
cherished or cherished?
In order to navigate the world of verb forms and correctly write their endings, which are not under stress heard unclear, we determine its conjugation by the form of the infinitive. And in order to correctly determine the conjugation of a verb with unstressed personal endings, remember that all verbs ending in -it, except shave and lay down, refer to the second conjugation. Here we add the exception verbs:
na - to drive, Keep, hear, breathe;
on -et - watch, see, hate, twirl, tolerate, depend and offend.
All other verbs in -at, -ot, -ut, -et, -yat will be referred to the first conjugation.
Note that in the case of stressed suffixes in the infinitive, the conjugation of the verb is determined by
shock endings, for example:
verb years e th visually approaches the first conjugation, since it ends in -et and is not an exception verb. But he's got shock personal endings in the forms of years and shh, yo and m. So, it is still a verb of the second conjugation.
The easiest way to determine the conjugation of a verb with an unstressed ending is to put this verb in the infinitive form (this form, in elementary school, is often called the indefinite form).
The first conjugation will be all words that do NOT end in ITH, except for the exceptions.
And the second conjugation will be all words that end in ITT, except for the same exceptions.
To determine the conjugation of such a verb, it is necessary, first of all, to find out the initial form of this very verb. Next, pay attention to the vowel in front of. Thus, it is not difficult to determine the type of conjugation.
If the personal ending of the verb is unstressed, then there is a spelling rule for this case. It asserts that the verb must be put in the infinitive form. 7 verbs ending in - et, 4 in - na, all in - on, except for shave and shave, refer to 2 conjugation and have a corresponding ending. All the rest should be written with the endings as in the first conjugation.
§ 1 Definition of the conjugation of a stressed verb
In this lesson, we will learn how to determine the conjugation of a verb with stressed and unstressed endings.
Let's remember that the verbs of the present and future tense are conjugated, i.e. change in faces and numbers, while their personal endings change.
Distinguish between I and II type of verb conjugation.
If the ending of the verb is stressed, then the conjugation is determined by its personal ending. Verbs of I conjugation have endings: -y (-y), -eh (-eh), -ete (-ete), -em (-em), -ut (-yut); II conjugation verbs have endings: -y (-y), -ish, -im, -it, -ite, -at (-yat).
For example:
The personal ending of this verb -at, is under stress.
Hence it is verb II of the conjugation.
The personal ending of the verb is is, is under stress.
Hence, this is the verb I of the conjugation.
§ 2 Definition of conjugation of a verb with unstressed ending
But what if the personal ending of the verb is unstressed?
The conjugation of a verb with an unstressed personal ending can be determined in two ways.
Let's take a look at the first method.
If the ending of the verb is unstressed, the verb must be put in an indefinite form and the suffix of the indefinite form -т- should be highlighted. Then we select the vowel before -т-, which is also a verb suffix.
For example:
(what to do?) to engage (suffixes -а -, - т-);
(what to do?) to love (suffixes -i -, - t);
(what to do?) straighten (suffixes -and -, -th-).
If a verb in an indefinite form has a suffix -i before -т-, then this verb belongs to the II conjugation.
In other cases (when in an indefinite form the verbs have the suffixes -a, -e, -i-, o-, -y-, -y-, etc. before -t-) the verbs refer to I conjugation.
For example: let's define the conjugation of the verb "pleases".
We put an emphasis - happy.
The stress falls on the vowel a at the root of the word.
The ending of the verb is unstressed.
Let's put the verb "pleases" in an indefinite form: (what to do?) To please.
Let's select the suffix of the verb of the indefinite form -т- and the suffix before it -.
The suffix - indicates that the verb "pleases" refers to the I conjugation.
There is another way to define conjugation for verbs with unstressed personal endings.
To do this, you need to put the verb in the form of 3 liters. pl. h.
If a verb in this form has the endings -ut (-yut), then it is a verb I conjugation. If the verb is in the form of 3 liters. plural has the endings -at (-yat) - this is a verb of II conjugation.
For example: let's define the conjugation of a verb with the unstressed ending "you swim".
Let's put the verb in the form of 3 liters. plural - they (what are they doing?) swim. The verb float has the ending -yut. Consequently, the verb is floating of the first conjugation. Build the verb in 3 liters. plural will have the ending -at (what are they doing?) build. Therefore, the verb build is a verb II of the conjugation.
In Russian, there are a number of verbs, whose belonging to one or another conjugation, you just need to remember. I conjugation includes verbs: shave, lay, to II conjugation: drive, breathe, hold, hear, twirl, look, see, hate, depend, offend, endure.
Particularly noteworthy are the verbs with the prefix vy-: pronounce, run out, cut, etc. This prefix in the verbs "pulls" the stress on itself and the ending becomes unstressed for them.
To determine the conjugation of such verbs, you need to drop the prefix and consider the verb without it.
For example:
pronounce - speak (verb II conjugation), run out - run (verb I conjugation).
In Russian, there are also multi-conjugated verbs: in some forms they have personal endings of I conjugation verbs, and in others - II conjugation.
For example:
the verb "to want" singular has the endings of the I conjugation verbs - I want, you want, he wants, in the plural. - we want, you want, they want - has II verbs conjugation.
Let's summarize the lesson:
When the personal ending of a verb is stressed, the conjugation of the verb is determined by its ending.
In the case when the personal ending of the verb is unstressed, the conjugation of the verb is determined by the suffix before -ty in the indefinite form of the verb.
For exception verbs, conjugation is determined immediately.
List of used literature:
- Reference manual for the Russian language. O.V. Uzorova, E.A. Nefedova. Premiera CJSC, 1999.
- Lesson developments in the Russian language. HE. Krylova, L.Yu. Samsonov. Exam, Moscow: 2008.
- Learning by playing. V. Volina, New School. M .: 1994.
- We learn Russian with passion. O.E. Zhireiko, L.I. Gaidina, A.V. Kochergin. "5 for knowledge", Moscow: 2005.
