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Who to go to study for: the most demanded professions in Russia. Where to go to study in order to get the maximum salary Who is better to go for today

What if you are a high school student, but still have not decided on the choice of the future university? The decision should be made before the start of preparation for the exam. The list of additional subjects of the state examination depends on it.

The experts are unanimous: you cannot choose subjects for an exam and a future profession on the principle “I'm good at it”. This approach can lead to serious mistakes in the future. If a person writes essays well, this does not mean at all that his vocation is philology.

An undecided student will be helped by simple but effective practice. It will require general advice from family or friends. What is it?

• Gather all interested people and open the largest job search sites.
• Find jobs that interest you. It doesn't matter if it is a C ++ programmer or an animation artist.
• Open vacancies and read the list of requirements that the employer makes for future employees.
• Skills and education requirements will be the first practical guidelines.

The second practice exercise will help you identify your propensities for certain activities. This will also require outside advice.

Ask friends and family when they last saw you as involved as possible. Preparing a scientific conference, playing a friendly match, cooking duel, or developing a new game. It doesn't matter what the end result was, the main thing is sincere, genuine interest.

The information gained from these two practice exercises will help you choose exams and school.

For the curious: a scientific approach

Advocates of scientific methods of knowledge can use special tools to choose the future

Career guidance tests

It has long been known that every activity requires people with a certain character and mindset. The first attempts to make the choice of a profession more scientific were in the 19th century, and these developments were almost inaccessible to an ordinary teenager. Now, diagnostics of professional preferences is so accessible that you can take career guidance tests literally without getting up from the couch. Get advice on choosing a profession.

Informed Choice Course

For those determined to take fate into their own hands, there are more advanced tools. A special course will help you make a fully informed choice. It consists of a series of activities, the completion of which will help you master the skills of making an informed choice.

• The duration of practical training is one month.
• The recommended age for participants is 13-17 years old.

The results are impressive. Participants receive:

• Professional development plan.
• Self-organization tools.
• Skills of goal setting and informed choice.

These tools will be useful to a person not only when choosing an educational institution, but also in any life situation.

Profession catalogs

If you want to learn something new about the professions - refer to the catalogs. They have long since moved from a “dry list” format to a detailed description with elements of career guidance. For example, you can ask the key skills that you possess and see what the resource offers you.

What else should I look for upon admission?

The initial choice is made, and the set of subjects for the exam is determined. It remains to find out which university is easier to enroll in. To decide, you will have to study the websites of universities and the procedure for admission. What to look for?

Passing ball

What is a “passing grade” in?

This is the smallest number of USE scores, starting from which there is an enrollment in the budgetary form of education. In each university and in each specialty, these points are different.

The lowest passing score is for new or declining specialties.

Low passing scores are not always good news. They can mean that the school is not popular. In such a place, the quality of education may be lower.

High passing scores are a frequent occurrence in popular ones. The required number of points may be higher than the sum of the USE points. This means that there is also an introductory test. The points received for him are added up with the points for the exam.

Favorite subjects at school

Pay attention to which university is studying subjects in which you do well. For example, your list of examinations for the USE includes physics and literature. You think that you can write literature better than physics. In Russian, your expectations are higher than in mathematics. Therefore, look for specialties where they study literature and the Russian language, and leave the physical direction as a fallback.

Olympiads in universities

They love Olympiads. This fact can help with admission. Many institutions hold their own Olympiads. Winning them guarantees income to the budget.

Subject All-Russian Olympiads for schoolchildren are becoming the universal key that opens the doors of educational institutions. We are glad to see prize-winners and winners of the final stages in any university in the chosen direction.

From the list of competitions, you can select those that are taken into account when entering the university of interest. Participation in them is easier than in the All-Russian one, and the benefits are substantial. Many universities hold their own Olympiads. For instance, . Large regional universities form lists of Olympiads, which give advantages in admission.

If you take care of this issue in advance, you can get a great start for admission to any university.

Target set

Training in the target area is carried out under an agreement of a specific university with certain enterprises, government agencies and organizations. The easiest way to find out everything about the target recruitment is to contact the admissions office of the selected educational institution and clarify with which organizations and enterprises an agreement has been concluded.

Then you will have to agree that you will be given the target direction directly at the customer enterprise. It pays for your studies, and after graduation you come to work there.

There is a quota of target areas, it ranges from 10-15% of the total admission, depending on the institution. If you decide to act according to such a scheme, then you can start acting already in the middle of the school year in order to have time to agree with all interested parties.

Individual achievements

In universities, upon admission, the individual results of applicants are taken into account. The list of significant achievements includes information about sports awards, the availability of a gold or silver medal, volunteer activities. Some universities give points for the final essay, as a rule, upon admission to the humanities.

Do these achievements confer special rights?

Individual merit can earn a maximum of 10 additional points upon admission in 2018. A little, but sometimes it is they that become decisive.

The exact procedure for recording individual achievements depends on the institution. In some, the medal is "worth" two points, in others - five. Conditions may change from year to year.

Where to go to study?

If you are thinking about the future, then approach admission as a project. To do this, define goals, objectives, resources and opportunities. Map out the way to the goal and make a plan "B" for maneuver. The choice is always yours, it is in your power to make it correct and reasonable.

Some people know from childhood that they want to become a doctor or a miner. Others have no idea who to work with. For some, finances and school results allow them to enter any faculty, while others choose from what is available. What if you still don’t know which university is better to go to? Depends on what prevents you from making your choice.

You don't know which university is better

A good university is a vague concept. To understand which university will make a cool specialist out of a student, you need to rummage through a bunch of data.

Please note that university rankings are different. Simple lists like "The 100 Best Universities in the World" are not suitable: what they evaluate is not always necessary for a future profession. Look for rankings that reflect the employment of graduates: how many specialists found work after graduation, how quickly they got a job, and whether they work in their specialty at all.

Food for thought:

1. Ratings of the Expert RA agency: starting with the abstract “best university” and ending with the list of the most demanded by employers.
2. Monitoring of the Ministry of Education and Science of the Russian Federation on the employment of graduates.
3. Rating of the quality of educational activities (also according to the Ministry of Education).
4. An example of the salary rating of the SuperJob portal. Look for similar compilations for other professions.

If you are going to apply, and your educational institution does not appear on any list, ask the representatives of the university if it is easy for graduates to find work. Perhaps the university does not track the fate of all graduates, but at least cooperates with employers and helps in finding a job. Ask about such programs: do they work and under what conditions.

Chat with alumni

1. How do employers react to a university degree?
2. Was the knowledge from lectures and seminars useful in your work?
3. How do colleagues assess the university?
4. Are the graduates satisfied with the salary level? How quickly do you move up the career ladder?

Go to all open house days

Universities hold meetings with applicants to praise themselves. Come and listen. Ask how to find a job after university, whether it is possible to transfer to another faculty and how to do it.

Learn more about study opportunities, travel abroad. Ask questions about laboratory equipment and even the quality of food in the canteen.

You don't know who you want to be

Don't worry if you don't want to do something yet. You have time to choose your dream business. But if you want to apply now (so as not to waste time or for other reasons), try to find a suitable option.

Look for professions you don't know about

Open the directory of professions (the Ministry of Labor and Social Protection of the Russian Federation has such and such) and see who you can work for. Just read the job descriptions in order. If you like something, go to any job search portal and consider vacancies. Analyze what the requirements are for applicants and what you will need to be able to.

Sometimes this free search gives more than all career guidance tests.

Choose a university with a large number of directions

If after a year or two you realize that you want to do the wrong thing at all, you can find a suitable specialty within your university. Then it will be easier to transfer to another faculty and take additional subjects.

Stop at the hardest

If you have no idea who you want to be, but you still need to study (your parents pressure you or you are afraid of the army more than the session), then choose a difficult specialty.

First, there is less competition in difficult areas. Secondly, if you decide to change the faculty or specialty, after a difficult study, everything else will seem like heaven. Third, the skills of self-discipline and overcoming difficulties are the best that a modern university can give.

Choose a practical specialty

One so that you can start right after school or even during it. Otherwise, after university, you may find yourself with a diploma that neither you nor the employer need.

It is better to make money in an unloved position and save money for a new business than to spend several years on crusts that will not be useful at all.

You have no money

Training is expensive. Or not?

Don't get hung up on a big name

To put it bluntly, if you want to be a mathematician, you have to become a mathematician, not a student at The Best Mathematical University. Therefore, look for the desired specialty in other universities and in other cities. Maybe you will find an option for many thousands of kilometers, but with a scholarship.

Don't stop at Moscow and St. Petersburg: good universities are not only there. The HSE study on the accessibility of education in 2016 will help to take a fresh look at the geography of education.

Go to college

Colleges are cheaper. They pass the program faster. And in a few years, there will be a ready-made specialty, work and the opportunity to study at the correspondence or evening department, without thinking about how the parents will pay for their studies.

Choose a university that pays good scholarships

Many universities reward active and talented students with additional scholarships. The region can also help with money.

Find out if the university you are going to has such fellows. Ask how they did it. There will remain a trifle - to become one of the best students of the university.

Try target set

Target recruitment is when a company pays for your training, and after graduation you have to work at this very company. Sometimes the contract is not concluded with the enterprise, but with the municipal authorities. In fact, this is a kind of educational loan, only the debt has to be repaid not with money, but with work.

Find out if the university you are interested in has a target set, ask what enterprises they work with. Take the contacts of the departments that conclude contracts - and go ahead, study the conditions and features of training.

Please note that orders for the enrollment of target groups are signed earlier, and applications must be submitted in the spring. The best time to do everything is during spring break.

School Graduate Checklist

If you are confused about what to do right now, check yourself with a short instruction:

1. Decide who you want to be.
2. Make a list of universities that have the required specialty.
3. Cross out educational institutions that you cannot afford.
4. Check the position of the rest in different ratings.
5. Choose a few universities for which it is worth trying and passing the exams.

Deciding where to go to study is not easy. A large list of educational areas and institutions, constant changes in popular and prestigious professions pose questions for the applicant not only where, but also where to go to study? However, there are many options, but there are no institutions - universities, colleges and courses.

Where to go to study after grade 9 or 11, university or college?

Where to go to study after grade 9?

After the 9th grade, you can get a secondary vocational education. For this, colleges, technical schools and schools are available to you.

Male professions

Young men will be interested in professions after the 9th grade for guys and professions after the 11th grade for older guys.

Where to go to study after 11?

11 classes are over? You can go to study at colleges and technical schools or universities - academies, universities and institutes.

Women's professions

The fair half will be interested in professions after grade 11 for girls and a list of professions after grade 9.

Profession training

Determine which profile you are interested in, decide who you want to become - a lawyer, economist, physician or someone else?

Who should I go to study?

Not sure who to study at? Do not worry. Based on the profile, you can choose and whom to go to study. For example, if you are closer to medicine, study the medical specialties, and if your strong point is technical, look at the technical specialties. Perhaps you will also be interested in creative specialties, or you decide to go to study in one of the economic professions.

• Learning to be a cosmetologist in Moscow is easy and difficult at the same time. Easy because this profession can be learned in short courses. And it is difficult because it is possible to study to be a cosmetologist in Moscow at a university, which complicates the path at the very beginning, but increases income at the very end.

• It is not so difficult to unlearn a chef in Moscow. There are many places where you can learn to be a cook after grade 9 in the capital of the country. Moreover, you can go to study not only in a school or a culinary college, but also in courses. Let's find out in more detail where you can unlearn a chef this year.

• Being an economic expert is the dream of many. Where to go to study as an economist to make this dream a reality? Where can you study to be an economist in Moscow, having received a profession demanded by the market? Let's find out!

• To begin with, the cashier's specialty procession began with the invention of the Ritt brothers. It was they who created the machine for accounting for the proceeds, which was the prototype of today's cash registers.

• In the world of current technological progress, industrial production is steadily increasing and without high-class welders it is now as simple as no hands. Fortunately, there are places to learn to be a welder and correct this misunderstanding.

• If you learn to be an excavator, then this job will look for you, not you. Working professions are in demand. Where are they taught to be an excavator and how much does it cost? Let's find out!

• Security guards are needed in every office, organization, and even school. But where can you unlearn to be a security guard and get a certificate? Where are they taught to be a guard of the 6th grade, 5th or 4th? Let's try to deal with the issue of training in detail.

• The profession of a turner is a rather difficult but interesting job, as well as a chance of earning a good income. The only question is, where can you learn to be a turner and is it worth it? A specialist who processes, drilling and cutting threads on a lathe on metal and other parts is called a turner. The profession of a turner and such working specialties have always been in great demand, and in our time it is especially so.

• Today, there are no problems with the choice of universities for a teacher-psychologist. There are a lot of them. But it is desirable to enter the best one. Where is the best place for a teacher-psychologist to get a higher education? Let's find out!

• Today in Russia there are many educational institutions where it is possible to acquire the profession of a surveyor. In the field of geodesy, at various levels of mastering this complex specialty, you can work after graduating from both a secondary educational institution - a technical school or college, and a higher - a university, institute or academy.

• You can learn to be a barista in any major city in Russia, and even more so in the capital. Where are they taught to be a barista in Moscow, what and how much? We will find out the answers to the questions that require an answer right now.

• Everyone knows who a veterinarian is. But not everyone knows where they teach to be a veterinarian, whether it is worth studying and where to go to become a veterinarian, if the decision is still made. Let's try to figure it out.

• Who is better than the estimator to "estimate" and not by eye, but how the potential costs at the construction site should be? Yes, probably no one. And where are they taught to be a estimator? Where to study? Let's find out!

• The success of any film or performance depends on a good script and, of course, a screenwriter. Where are they taught to be a screenwriter in Moscow and Russia, what should be taken for a profession, which university to enter? Let's find out!

• A bioengineer is a specialist who deals with the application of mathematical, physical and engineering models to biology and medicine. And where to study to become a bioengineer, what subjects to take for bioengineering? Let's find out!

Everything will depend on the subjects you have chosen for passing the exam. Based on their list, you can choose one of the suitable specialties. As for the type of educational institution, then you can study in a secondary or higher educational institution - this is a technical school, college, college or university, academy, institute, respectively.

What type of educational institution should you choose? How to make a choice between several universities or colleges? What if you are missing several USE subjects for admission? More on this later.

Where to go to study after grade 11? University or secondary school

Graduates of grade 11 who have passed the minimum threshold for passing the compulsory USE subjects can enter higher or secondary specialized educational institutions. The choice will depend on the education that you will receive in the end - secondary or higher. There is a significant difference between educational institutions, determined by their organizational form.

First of all, in the educational programs that they implement and in the opportunities for teaching students. Here are the key differences:

• The university implements a wide range of educational programs, has the best teaching staff in terms of the number of defended graduate students and scientific degrees of professors. The university receives maximum funding and at the same time prepares specialists in specialties from different fields.
• The Academy implements educational programs within the framework of one sphere of human activity. This can be jurisprudence, military affairs, economics, agriculture, and so on. It is inferior to universities in terms of funding. The teaching staff includes a smaller number of professors with scientific degrees.
• The Institute implements educational programs within the framework of one area of ​​professional activity. Accordingly, he conducts training in a narrow range of specialties. The number of professors with degrees in the teaching staff is less than at the university and academy. Funding is also less.

At the same time, all of the listed educational institutions implement higher education programs. And at the same time they are divided into state and non-state. In the first, there are budgetary places, scholarships, the possibility of obtaining a hostel. Secondly, education is only paid, there are no scholarships, the hostel is provided for a fee.

What is the Difference Between Technical School, College and College

Again, in educational programs. In addition - in organizational forms of training and prospects that open up to graduates. Let's note the key differences:

• Technical schools have the same form of teaching organization as schools. Usually there are no lectures and seminars, sessions and workshops. The term of study is 2-3 years. At the same time, you receive a secondary specialized education, but you can further enter the university for accelerated programs.
• Colleges are considered more prestigious than technical schools. Most often, they are assigned to certain higher educational institutions, in which graduates will be able to enter accelerated education programs with privileges in the future. The form of organization of training is similar to that of the university: students attend lectures and seminars, take sessions and undergo workshops. The term of study is 3-4 years.
• The schools also carry out secondary education programs. However, today they can be counted on one hand. The fact is that most of the schools are undergoing a reorganization procedure and strive to become universities. For the rest, they differ little from colleges in terms of the form of education and educational programs implemented.

Secondary education institutions can also be state and non-state. In addition to objective differences, there are subjective differences: if you plan to continue your studies after graduating from secondary specialized educational institution, then it is best to go to college. Its students have unspoken privileges when entering a university assigned to an educational institution.

If you are faced with a choice between a state and non-state educational institution, choose a state one. Before admission, check with the university or secondary school for accreditation. Also, clarify whether the educational institution was involved in any scandals, whether the procedure for revoking accreditation was initiated against it or its individual faculties. Choose the "cleanest" educational institution.

A few tips for choosing:

Try to find out the opinions of graduates of the chosen specialty, or at least the chosen faculty - use the experience of past years.

• Check the availability of budget places in the chosen specialty and the possibility of providing social benefits, hostels.
• Find out how much the university or secondary school graduates are in demand among employers - ask the admissions committee what percentage of graduates are employed.
• On the website of the educational institution, look at the materials from the "Students" section. Evaluate not only the organization of training, but also cultural and sports activities.
• Check in advance the possibility of taking into account your achievements in school years.
• Assess the level of comfort of students, the quality of education and the prospects for employment in the complex - this will help to make a balanced choice.

It is also worth mentioning higher educational institutions that implement distance learning programs or partly distance education. Recently, they have become more and more popular.

But, according to experts, it is better not to choose them for their first education. The fact is that school graduates are rarely self-disciplined and do not have sufficient skills to organize self-study.

In distance education, too much will depend on you. Due to the lack of self-study skills that you can get in classical educational institutions, it is incredibly difficult to organize the educational process. This can seriously affect the quality of your education.

Who to study for? TOP-50 most demanded specialties

If you have already decided where you want to go to study and have even chosen several educational institutions - it's time to choose a specialty. Teachers recommend paying attention to the professions to which the applicant has a soul, not forgetting to assess the prospects for further employment. It's hard to spend most of your time in a job you don't like. But it is also difficult to survive on minimum wages. Think about it. We have prepared the TOP-50 of the most in-demand technical and humanitarian specialties among graduates of the past three years.

Technical specialties	Humanities
Design engineer	Doctor
Mining engineer	Designer
Logistician	Philologist
Space industry specialist	Document expert
Heating and ventilation systems designer	Military
Programmer	Lawyer
Instrumentation Engineer	Tourism manager
Dispatcher IT specialist	Linguist
Pharmacist	Advertising and PR industry specialist
Technologist	Agronomist
Electrical Engineer	Economist
Architect	HR manager
System Administrator	Translator
Energy drink	Marketer
Design engineer	Vet
Occupational Safety Engineer	Journalist
Forestry specialist	A development manager
Signalman	Psychologist
Metrologist	Advocate
VET Engineer	Biologist
Heating engineer	Educator
Oil and gas production specialist	Trade and business industry specialist
Agricultural engineer Meteorologist	Child psychologist

We have divided the professions into humanitarian and technical, to make it easier for you to navigate them. Obviously, doctors, military men and veterinarians can hardly be called 100% humanitarians. But a list of specialties, based on data on the number of applications submitted by graduates of past years, will help you pay attention to the most in-demand professions among applicants.

What to do if you did not pass the required subjects on the exam

Admission in 90% of cases requires the applicant to provide a form with the results of the exam. Based on their amount, the selection is made.

But what to do and who to go to study after grade 11 if you have not passed the required subjects? It is worth noting here that you can take the state exam as many times as you like. Nothing will stop you from passing the necessary subjects for the exam next year. But you risk losing that very year and, for example, joining the army. Therefore, consider other options:

• Pass internal exams (if possible).
• To enroll in the most closely related specialty and then transfer.
• Get an education and enroll in a magistracy for the desired specialty.
• Receive specialized secondary education and continue their studies at the university.

Many graduates forget about the possibility of translation. In particular, because deans of faculties are almost always reluctant to discuss this topic. However, there is such a possibility, although it depends on many factors. The easiest way is to transfer to specialties within the framework of one faculty and one university. In this case, you can save budget space (if you had one) and a priori spend less energy. But a transfer to a university, say, in another city, can take a lot of time.

You can get an education even in the absence of the necessary USE subjects in the form. The only question is how much time and effort you will spend on it.

How is admission to universities and colleges

You submit a list of required documents to the admissions office and write applications with a request to accept you for training in the desired specialty. If you have already decided where to go to study after grade 11, then you can clarify the list of documents directly on the website of the university or secondary school. You can also do this by calling the admissions office by phone. Do not forget to clarify whether it is possible to submit all kinds of documents and certificates confirming that you have certain benefits upon admission.

Then you just have to wait and be in touch. Often, applicants submit documents with good USE results and go on vacation, being confident in their admission. In the meantime, the specialists of the admissions committee cannot get through to them, who discovered a shortage of one or more documents. In this case, you may not enroll in a university or secondary school due to banal negligence. But whether it was yours or whether a specialist in the selection committee made a mistake, it will not be so important.

If you find yourself in the lists of applicants who entered the first wave, then you can safely bring the documents to the admissions office and confirm your admission. If you are not on the lists, you should wait for the results of the second wave. We recommend that you apply to several universities or secondary schools in advance. This always increases the chances of admission and gives the applicant additional guarantees. Use this opportunity, because you have absolutely nothing to lose - it is very simple to act on the basis of the USE results, in the overwhelming majority of cases you do not need to pass internal exams.

Summary

After grade 11, you can enter a higher or secondary specialized educational institution. When choosing a university, one should be guided by ideas about the quality of education and the level of comfort of students during the period of study (scholarship, dormitory, teaching staff, benefits). In the course of choosing a profession, it is recommended to take into account not only your preferences, but also objective indicators of the prospects for a further device. Also, upon admission, it is recommended to submit documents to several educational institutions at once.

Evgeniya Kuziner

Editor of the Info-Profi portal, employee of the Center for Youth Research at the Higher School of Economics - St. Petersburg, specialist in vocational guidance.

Finishing school and choosing a future profession is one of the most important stages that affects the future life of a graduate. After the 11th grade, girls and boys take exams and take tests. The question arises before them: where to go to study?

The main problem that worries many is how not to make a mistake with the profession and make the right choice. In fact, not many people know exactly who they want to become. Where to go to study after grade 11? What criteria should be followed? What do psychologists advise on this? What are the most popular professions at the moment for guys and girls?

The choice of a future profession must be approached with great responsibility, consider all the pros and cons

Criteria for choosing a profession

It is not entirely correct to restrict oneself to clear criteria, since there is no single correct formula for choosing a specialization. Teachers and psychologists offer to pass special tests that determine individual inclinations and help determine the field of activity.

Test results are worth listening to, but shouldn't be decisive in your decision. According to one of the theories, each person has his own talent and, so to speak, purpose, which help him to achieve success in a particular area or industry.

The main criteria to be followed:

• individual inclinations (humanities, mathematician, biologist);
• talent and abilities (intellectual, spiritual, physical);
• preferences by type and occupation (mental work, work with people, art or manual labor);
• individual psychotype;
• the perceived benefits of specialization;
• demand for the profession in real time.

To decide on a future profession, you need to “try on” all the specialties in your thoughts and feel what your heart is about

Based on the above list, the only conclusion can be drawn - it is necessary to base the choice on personal qualities, talents, abilities. It is important to choose a business to your liking, to do what you like, brings moral satisfaction and benefit, and what you do best.

Young people of today often pursue the most fashionable or highly paid professions solely for reasons of image and profit. If you love and understand your business, you can become successful in any business. Real professionals are respected and earn good money.

The state of the current world economy obliges to take into account the demand for the profession. The correct approach will allow you not to throw your diploma on the shelf and join the ranks of the unemployed. This does not mean that you need to give up your dream, but only slightly correct it.

Important tips from psychologists:

1. Do not follow the lead of your parents. It is necessary to heed the wise advice of adults, but the final decision remains with the graduate. Often parents impose specialties that they like, not listening to the wishes of the child. Moreover, such an important step teaches responsibility and independence.
2. Do not be afraid. Fear or insecurity is always present, you cannot let them stop you. It is important to remember that in case of failure, you can retrain and master the desired profession.
3. "Try on the work for yourself." Provide in detail what you do and where you work. You can schedule a working day in detail. If the presented is joyful, then the specialty is suitable.

Choosing a place of study

Having decided on the desired profession, schoolchildren are faced with the choice of a place of study. First of all, you need to decide what kind of education you need - higher or specialized secondary.

Some do not have enough academic performance to enter a university, and sometimes, in terms of the specifics of the profession, secondary specialized education is quite enough. Besides, getting a higher education after college or technical school is not difficult. Numerous colleges offer a wide variety of majors and a high standard of study.

Admission to a higher educational institution

Admission to higher education institutions is based on the results of three or four USE tests in various subjects. The applicant has the right to submit documents to 5 universities with 3 faculties in each, that is, as a result, 15 possible options are obtained.

Many institutes and universities additionally conduct their own exams or tests. This applies to professions that require professional or physical data, as well as those related to art.

Faculties that conduct additional exams:

• air navigation, aircraft operation;
• architecture, urban planning;
• the medicine;
• philology;
• art history;
• design;
• directing;
• acting skills;
• choreography;
• vocals;
• physical education, etc.

The "portfolio" of a graduate is of great importance, which can significantly increase the chances of admission to an elite university. It indicates a certificate with honors or the presence of secondary specialized education (red diploma), active volunteer or social activities, sports achievements, participation and victories in scientific Olympiads.

One of the most prestigious institutions in Moscow - MGIMO

Higher education institutions with the largest and toughest competition (where it is difficult to get into):

1. Moscow State Institute of International Relations (MGIMO);
2. Moscow Institute of Physics and Technology;
3. Moscow State Linguistic University;
4. Russian Customs Academy;
5. Moscow State University Lomonosov;
6. Moscow State Law University. Kutafina;
7. Moscow State Institute of Music. Schnittke;
8. NRU HSE (International College of Economics and Finance), etc.

Entering a college, technical school or school

Secondary vocational education does not lose its popularity to this day, on the contrary, it is gaining it. Young people have the opportunity to master the profession in a shorter time and immediately start working. Many receive higher education in absentia, while earning money.

Schools and technical schools become a salvation for those who failed to pass the exam and failed to go to the university on points. However, this does not mean that going to college you do not need to study at all. The choice of secondary specialized educational institutions (SSEZ) is really great.

In addition to government institutions, many private commercial colleges have opened. In addition, some universities open technical schools on their basis, which allows students to learn from teachers from the university.

In recent years, the process of admission to a secondary school has become much easier. There are usually no entrance examinations, with the exception of military specialties, physical education or arts. The graduate must submit an application on time, provide the necessary documents (certificate, USE, a copy of the passport and insurance policy, medical certificates and photographs). Depending on the number of applicants, the passing score may be absent or be within the average. Some establishments, under conditions of shortage, accept everyone, but this does not always happen.

List of popular state secondary vocational schools:

1. College of Architecture, Design and Reengineering;
2. College of Entrepreneurship;
3. College of Service and Tourism;
4. College of arts and crafts. Carl Faberge;
5. Construction College;
6. Medical College. Botkin;
7. Moscow College of Aviation Motors;
8. Moscow State Technical School of Technology and Law;
9. Food College;
10. Moscow Higher Military Command School;
11. Suvorov Military School, etc.

Graduates of the Suvorov Military School

Obtaining a specialty at narrow-profile courses

For one reason or another, some graduates do not enter universities or technical schools. You can master a specialty in a short time at narrow-profile courses that offer many directions. In addition, some professions do not require compulsory higher education.

During the training, young people receive the necessary theoretical knowledge and consolidate it in practice. Upon completion of the courses, they are awarded a document or certificate confirming their specialization. Many large enterprises offer courses in occupations and then provide a job.

Examples of professions that can be mastered in the course:

• working specialties for boys and girls;
• secretary-assistant;
• photographer;
• hairdresser, stylist, manicurist;
• seamstress;
• massage therapist or beautician;
• Cook;
• waiter or bartender, etc.

A hobby of photography can become a mainstream profession and a good source of income

List of specialties for guys after grade 11

In the modern world, the clear line between male and female professions has practically become blurred. Nevertheless, we can single out a list of professions after grade 11, which is suitable for a boy. It will be useful to inexperienced graduates who are faced with a difficult choice and are not sure about it.

Areas of activity in which young men are successful:

• Computer techologies;
• engineering and technical professions;
• working specialties;
• jurisprudence;
• the medicine;
• trade;
• services sector;
• creative professions;
• tourism, etc.

The IT-sphere is in demand and popular. In the overwhelming number, it is represented by men. This includes web design, application development, SEO optimization, etc. In the era of digital technologies, such specialists never sit without work and earn decent money.

A good IT specialist is always in demand in the labor market

The finance and banking industry offers many options. Financial analysts, investment and lending experts, fashionable anti-crisis managers will find work not only in banks, but also in large companies.

Working specialties are in demand among Russians. Trained professionals are well paid and always provided with jobs.

Graduated engineers and so-called "techies" have become very much in demand. Many young men prefer fashionable professions, as a result of which there are not enough engineers. Young specialists are required at enterprises, factories and concerns.

Don't forget about medicine. Competent doctors are always worth their weight in gold. Guys are quoted in the same way as girls. By the way, there are many more male surgeons.

Military science remains purely masculine. In addition, the industry offers many specialties and full social security.

List of professions for girls after grade 11

Modern girls easily master any profession. They are successful in the field of high technology, finance, law, medicine. It all depends entirely on the ability and desire.

What profession can a girl choose:

• medic, pharmacist;
• economist accountant;
• vet;
• teacher;
• Researcher;
• psychologist;
• architect;
• web designer, programmer;
• translator, linguist;
• designer, stylist;
• advertising or sales specialist;
• Sales Representative;
• lawyer;
• policeman;
• Office Manager;
• tourism specialist, guide;
• trainer, fitness instructor;
• journalist.

In the modern world, the professions of trainers and fitness instructors will always be relevant and in demand.

Specializations that can be quickly mastered in courses after grade 11:

• nail service master;
• the hairdresser;
• cosmetologist;
• masseur;
• visagiste;
• PC operator;
• Cook;
• seamstress;
• waiter;
• Sales Manager.

TOP of the most demanded professions

A marketer - a specialist in product promotion - is absolutely necessary for any modern company

Continuous economic development and fashion for certain specializations determine the list of demanded and necessary professions:

1. IT specialist (programmer, website developer, system administrator, web designer);
2. marketer (all companies and brands, which are becoming more and more, need competent advertising);
3. translator;
4. employee in government agencies (schools, hospitals, kindergartens, etc.);
5. engineer, architect;
6. sales specialist, work with clients;
7. doctor (pediatricians, surgeons, anesthesiologists and specialized specialists).

Rating of the highest paid specialties

IT professionals and website developers receive very high salaries in dollar terms

The highest paid specialties:

1. IT specialist and web developer;
2. auditor;
3. marketer;
4. business trainer;
5. a chef in a restaurant;
6. dentist;
7. collector;
8. lawyer;
9. Chief Accountant;
10. specialist in the field of beauty.

It is important to take into account the fact that real professionals in their field receive a lot of income. High salaries come with experience.

Where can you get education for free?

By doing well in school, a teenager increases the chances of going to college or college on a budget.

The answer is simple - in almost every educational institution in the country. All state universities, technical schools and some commercial educational institutions allocate a certain number of budgetary and preferential places.

Getting on a budget is not always easy. Applicants go through several stages of selection. Young people with the best USE results, additional exams are enrolled, and portfolio and personal achievements are also taken into account. It is difficult to get into elite institutions (MGIMO, Moscow State University). This is due to the limited number of free places, high passing score (95 - 90), great excitement and competition among applicants.

However, there are many universities and colleges that admit with lower rates. Students are paid a scholarship and, if necessary, are provided with a hostel. It is quite possible to study for free (a graduate can submit 15 applications). To do this, you need to try, study well in graduation classes, and successfully pass the exam.