A selection of material on the topic “Travel to Australia. A selection of material on familiarizing older preschool children with the world around them on the topic "Travel to Australia". Australian Green Puzzle Game
Regional state general education state-financed organization"Border special (correctional) general education boarding school"
"Lesson - travel
across the mainland
Australia"
Geography teacher:
Loskutova Marina Gennadievna
The purpose of the lesson:
Educational: generalization and systematization of knowledge about the geographical location, flora and fauna, the population of the mainland Australia.
Correctional and developmental: correction of verbal memory based on students' exercises in memorizing and preserving geographic concepts and objects in memory, the development of oral speech.
Educational: to foster interest in studying the nature of the world through geography lessons, to promote the formation of a tolerant attitude towards other peoples.
Equipment and materials: physical map of the world, presentation, interactive whiteboard, handouts.
Lesson type: generalization and systematization of knowledge.
During the classes
I. Organizational moment.
Hello guys!
Who is on duty today? The attendant will be my classroom assistant today. Is everyone attending class today? Who is absent?
Check if everything is ready for the lesson? (pens, notebooks and textbooks)
Human kindness is the most amazing phenomenon in the world.
They smiled at each other. I see you are in a good mood. Today my colleagues came to our lesson, give them your smiles. We are getting ready for active work. And now, sit down calmly.
II. Knowledge update.
1. Guys, how many continents are there on our planet? (Eurasia, North America, South America, Africa, Antarctica and Australia) SLIDE (work with an interactive whiteboard, show continents on a physical map of the world)
III... Preparation for the perception of the topic.
What an amazing continent we have studied for several lessons (Australia).
Now find, among the proposed contours of the continents, the continent that we have studied. (Continents are signed with numbers)
Task "Find the continent along the contour" Slide
(Checking the progress of the task)
So guys, what kind of mainland are we talking about today? (Australia) Well done, you did the right job. Slide "Australia"
Today we will go on a journey, that is, we will be tourists. And first we need to remember what we know about Australia.
Listen to an excerpt from the poem and identify those statements that talk about the characteristics of mainland Australia. SLIDE
“Australia is the opposite country
It is located below us.
They obviously walk upside down there,
There is a year turned inside out,
Gardens bloom there in October,
There's summer in January, not July,
There are rivers without water
(They disappear in the desert somewhere).
Animals are born from eggs
And there dogs don't know how to bark,
Trees themselves climb out of the bark.
There rabbits are scarier than a flood
The capital has no population.
Australia is the opposite country ... "G. Usova
(Student responses:
Located in the southern hemisphere;
Summer comes after the calendar winter;
Rivers - screams - drying up in a rainless period;
Birds ostrich emu and cassowary do not fly;
The platypus and the echidna hatch their young from their eggs and feed them on milk like mammals;
The wild dingo dog does not bark, but only yaps;
Eucalyptus sheds bark;
There are many wild rabbits that devour everything around;
The capital city of Canberra has a smaller population than the cities of Sydney and Melbourne)
Conclusion: What did we remember after listening to the poem? On the features of the mainland Australia: they named geographical objects, representatives of flora and fauna.
VI. Checking the studied geographic concepts and objects.
Now each of you can feel like a real traveler - an explorer who will perform various tasks.
Guys, what should a traveler be able to do? (navigate the terrain and know various geographic objects and their concepts).
That's right, in order to notice and see all the wonders and beauty of the mainland, you need to be very careful. Therefore, we need a "Traveler's Diary", in which you will note the correctness of the tasks. And at the end of the journey, we will summarize.
(Opposite the completed task, you put a + sign with your diary)
In our journey, we need to remember some geographic concepts that need to be remembered and known.
one. " Geographical concepts ". SLIDE
Define geographic concepts.
Artesian water
artesian well-
aborigines
boomerang-
Conclusion: guys, you know geographic concepts well and today they will be useful to you.
(Who answered my questions and answered correctly, put the + sign in your diaries, if you answered incorrectly, the - sign)
There was some confusion on our journey and we need to find the right answer. SLIDE
2. Establish a match.
It is necessary to connect the beginning and end of the sentence with arrows.
| 1. Symbol of Australia | |
| 2. Short plants with a dark trunk and a tuft of grass on top | 2. Casuarines |
| 3. Thickets of dry shrubs | 3. Mangrove forests |
| 4. Thickets of evergreen trees and shrubs, the roots of which are on the surface and absorb moisture from the air | 4. Grass trees (black boy) |
| 5. "Christmas" or "iron trees" | 5. Eucalyptus |
Conclusion: Did you find the right answers?
What helped you find them?
Knowledge of geographical concepts helped.
Guys, in order not to get lost, you need to navigate the mainland and know the location geographic sites.
3. Name geographic objects according to the given numbers. SLIDE 
Guys, let's check if you marked the objects on the contour map correctly. (Checking the chain: one calls, everyone checks).
You are well oriented on the contour map, now you will definitely not get lost on the terrain.
(Filling out the diary)
And to be attentive on the road, we need a little rest!
Physical education. SLIDE
"Traveling on the map". To travel you need to know the sides of the horizon. Let's mark them on the map. The teacher asks everyone to stand up and look at the map north, south, west, east. Now close your eyes, lower your head and count to 10 silently. We opened our eyes, spread our hands in different directions, as if showing what a big card we have.
Well done! Now we are rested and ready to travel further
V. Repetition and analysis of basic geographic facts.
During the trip, we were caught in a rainstorm, and some of your travel notes became impossible to read. To do this, we need to fill out a punch card.
"Fill in the punch card" SLIDE
| Indian Ocean | Pacific Ocean | Australia | ||
| Which ocean is Australia washed by? | ||||
| The capital of which continent is Canberra? | ||||
| Is the Nile River on which continent? | ||||
| What continent does Kangaroo live on? |
Mutual verification.
In your diaries, put a + sign if there are 3 -4 correct answers, a "-" sign if there are 1-2 correct answers
Conclusion: Have we completed the task? Is it now possible to read our travel notes? What helped you complete this assignment?
Knowledge about mainland Australia helped. Now you are not afraid of any showers.
Well done! Well done. Don't forget to keep your travel diaries. And we are going further with you.
2. Composition of the population of Australia.
Any traveler, arriving in a foreign country, seeks to get to know the locals. Let's remember the composition of the population of Australia.
Population: Indigenous and alien. SLIDE
Guys, is there a difference between the indigenous and alien populations?
Give short description the life of the indigenous population of Australia.
Conclusion: Guys, can we distinguish an aboriginal from a migrant? What are the signs? By skin color, by appearance, by lifestyle.
Vi.Checking the knowledge gained. SLIDE
Name the representatives of Australia's marsupials.
Which bear is called the symbol of Australia?
Why does Australia have laws prohibiting the export of plants and animals?
Are there volcanoes on the mainland?
What landform is typical for Australia?
Australia is the largest ……… mainland.
What animals are depicted on the coat of arms of Australia?
There is a “breadfruit” growing in Australia, why is it so named?
What animals are depicted on Australian coins?
Flightless bird in Australia?
Guys, it's not in vain that we have studied the mainland of Australia for several lessons? Did this knowledge help you today on our journey?
VII... Lesson summary.
Our journey has come to an end. What do you remember the most? On which continent did we travel with you? What oceans wash the mainland? What is the name of the indigenous population of Australia?
Well done, you know everything.
Throughout the trip, you filled in the Traveler Diaries. Now you will announce your results and we will summarize who was the most attentive explorer of the mainland Australia today. Count your +, and we will write your results on the board.
You all did a good job today. The most attentive according to your results was ……………………………………………………, but I also followed how you worked in the lesson. Comments (1)
Announcement of grades for a lesson.
VIII... Reflection
“Happiness is when life is interesting for you. It is interesting to live when you learn something interesting, when you feel good with others, when you are ready to do a lot for others. " SLIDE
Guys, it was interesting for me to work with you today, and I feel exactly the moments of happiness. Can you relate these words to yourself?
Who, then, is satisfied with himself and felt confident during the lesson, coped with all the tasks? Who, then, found it difficult to complete the assignment? And who felt insecure? There are emoticons on your table. Show that emoticon of the feeling you are experiencing.
Thank you for the lesson. SLIDE
Lesson form: lesson-journey.
Lesson type: lesson of generalization and systematization of students' knowledge.
The purpose of the lesson: Generalization and systematization of students' knowledge on the topic "Travel to the southern continents. Africa and Australia".
- compare the geographical location of Africa and Australia;
- to determine the similarities and differences of the main components of the nature of these continents;
- to reveal the degree of natural and anthropogenic changes in the landscapes of each continent;
- develop a cognitive interest in the subject of geography.
Equipment: physical map of the hemispheres, atlases, computer presentation for the lesson, multimedia installation (laptop), screen, projector.
During the classes
Writing on the board:"Travel is a penetration into the realm of the significant and the beautiful" (KP Paustovsky). (Slide 1)
Communication of the topic and purpose of the lesson. (Slide 2)
Today in the lesson:
- Comparison geographic location continents of Africa and Australia;
- Determination of the similarities and differences of the main components of the nature of these continents;
- Revealing the degree of natural and anthropogenic changes in the landscapes of each continent;
- Learn to compare, draw conclusions about the similarities and differences in the nature of continents.
(the tables in the office are arranged in the shape of a triangle, resembling the shape of a ship). Music sounds. (Slide 3)
Teacher: Guys! Do you hear this amazing music? She invites us to the wonderful world of travel. We are going sailing with you. You are facing a daunting task: to reach the shores of Africa and Australia. We have two teams and two ships "Pobeda" and "Victoria". The color of the ship matches the color of your flag. Upon reaching the shores of these continents, we will disembark and travel along these continents. Whoever is the best in their answers, that team will receive a certificate of a tour guide in Africa or Australia. But before you go to take the extramural routes.
But where do we start our journey?
- So, I give the coordinates to the team "Victory" - 60 s. sh. 31st century etc.
- Coordinates for the team "Victoria" - 43 p. sh. 131 c. etc.
Captains, what are the names of the ports from which you sail?
(St. Petersburg, Vladivostok).
So, friends on the way! The crew of the Pobeda ship departs from the port of St. Petersburg and sails to mainland Africa (across the Gulf of Finland we swim across the Baltic Sea and here we are in the vastness of the North Sea, and ahead Atlantic Ocean and the coast of Africa).
The Victoria crew departs from the port of Vladivostok and sails to the mainland Australia (crosses the Sea of Japan, then the East China Sea and we are in the waters of the Pacific Ocean, and in front of the mainland Australia).
Captain of the ship "Pobeda", please, introduce us to the geographical position of the continent of Africa. (The captain talks about the GP of the African mainland, shows the extreme points on the map).
Captain Victoria, tell us about the Australian mainland GP. (shows extreme points on the map and tells).
And now one of the members of the "Victory" team will tell us about the history of the exploration of the continent of Africa. (Slide 4-5)
And now one of the Victoria team members will tell us about the history of the exploration of the Australian mainland.
(Team members (taking turns) tell stories of continental exploration.)
The Victoria crew was preparing a report on the English navigator and explorer James Cook.
Message - James Cook.
Teacher: Stop - car! And here's the first stop. And ahead is the desert. What is it called? Who will tell about it? (students talk about the Sahara desert and move further along the mainland, show it on the map.)
Question: What other natural areas are there in Africa? (team members talk about Savannah, Equatorial forests, flora and fauna of the mainland.) (Slide 6-14)
Meanwhile, the Victoria team reaches the shores of Australia and acquaints children with the natural areas of Australia. (The guys talk about the Sovan and Rainforest, about the originality of the organic world of Australia). (Slide 15-24)
And we set off again! We continue our journey.
We spoke with you about the natural zones of the continents, please tell us about the inland waters of these continents.
(one of the Victory team members talks about the inland waters of Africa, then the Victoria team talks about the inland waters of Australia). (Slide 25-27)
The Pobeda team is sailing along the western coast of mainland Africa, and stopped at South Africa... What kind of country is this? (Slide 28)
Question: How many countries are there in Africa? (over 40), and in Australia? (only one state - Australian union) (Slide 29-30)
Tell us about this state.
So, guys, today we visited in absentia on two southern continents Africa and Australia. Let's do output.
Smallest mainland (Australia)
Its area (9 million sq. Km.)
Africa is the second largest continent
The area of Africa (30.3 million sq. Km.)
The only country occupies the whole mainland (Australia)
Driest continent (Australia)
The hottest continent (Africa)
The most remote mainland (Australia)
The most sparsely populated mainland (Australia)
How many million people live in Australia? (about 16 million people)
Guys, remember how many people live in the capital of Japan? (12 million people). The whole mainland is home to 16 million, and in Japan, 12 million people live in one city.
Australia is the driest continent on Earth (Slide 31-32)
Most of it lies in the tropical zone;
Precipitation falls from 250 to 500 mm per year;
Almost half of the mainland is occupied by a zone of tropical deserts;
There are few lakes, mostly salty.
Africa is the hottest continent
Most of the mainland is located in the hot zone;
The average monthly temperature does not drop below + 8 ° C;
The most heat on Earth + 58 gr. FROM;
No cold winters.
So guys! You have done an excellent job. And I think it is necessary to present both the Victory team and the Victoria team with a certificate that they can be guides around the continent of Africa and the mainland of Australia.
And now the guys are returning to our country, home. Good luck!
(Music sounds, children recite poetry.) (Slide 33)
Africa
There is Cape Agulhas, Cape Almadi,
Dry riverbeds there, wadi.
There rivers flow fast
And they flow into different seas.
There is a volcano Kilimanjaro,
He made many fires.
E. Menshikova
October 18, 2015 10:36 pmAustralia
Australia, Australia, beautiful mainland,
Many people like it very much, although it is not large.
Plants, rare animals live there:
Bottle tree, echidna, kangaroo.
Umbrella acacia, koala, lyrebird,
And also the ostrich emu and even the platypus.
Australia is beautiful, the mainland is beautiful.
He is to everyone who saw him,
He tells him to love him.
O. Baranova
I never dreamed of Australia. It seemed to me that it was so far and expensive that it was almost impossible. At the same time, I travel a lot and often, I have traveled all over Europe, I was in America and in several Asian countries. My little personal hobby is looking for tickets, planning trips for myself and my friends, so I have bonus cards of all airline alliances, I subscribe to mailing lists of all airlines and discount sites, and every day I receive dozens, if not hundreds, of emails with information about any promotions and sales. This is how Australia "sailed" to me. I simply could not pass by tickets for 500 Euros round-trip, at the usual cost of 1200 Euros! And even adding a flight to London, from where the journey to Australia began, it turned out very, very cheap.
Kangaroo visa is pretty easy to get. Collected the minimum set of documents, attached an account statement, rough plan travel, a copy (not even the original!) of the foreign passport with all visas and stamps, and sent the entire package by mail to the consulate. Since I live in Latvia, but a citizen of Russia, I could choose between consulates in Moscow or Berlin. I chose Berlin. And after 10 days, an official notification came to my e-mail that I had been issued a multivisa for a year. Hurray, the trip will be!
Something like this looked like my route: Melbourne - Red Center - Cairns and Great Barrier Reef - Brisbane - Gold Coast - Sydney - Melbourne. I traveled alone, did not rent a car, traveled by plane and booked excursions from home in advance.
My Australia began in Melbourne, a lovely city very similar to London. I walked, fell in love with the country and fought jetlag.
The next day, an excursion along the Great Ocean Road ( Great Ocean Road, GOR)- one of the most beautiful roads in the world, 243 kilometers long along the coast of Victoria, which from 1919 to 1932 was built by soldiers who returned from the First World War.
Along GOR there are a huge number of stops with beautiful views, exits to the ocean and towns. It was Easter, it was a weekend in Australia, and whole families of the locals came to the coast from the very morning, with dogs and children, for picnics and surfing.
The main attraction of the GOR and a lure for millions of tourists from all over the world are the Twelve Apostles - rocks of various heights and shapes protruding from the water near the coast. In fact, only 9 rocks remained, the rest were destroyed by winds and waves. A long and narrow path leads to the cliff, where an observation deck is equipped, along which people walk continuously from early morning until late at night. Many come specially at dusk and dawn to watch the sun go down or rise. They say this is one of the most beautiful sights on Earth.
Another interesting place is London Bridge or London Arch. Several decades ago, two parts of the arch were connected to each other, and it was even possible to drive up to the very edge by car along it, but the arch became thinner from the influence of wind and waves, until one fine moment it collapsed into the sea. By the way, at that time there were people on the right side of the Bridge, but there were no mobile ones at that time. Fortunately, one guy from the company did not have time to cross the Arch before it collapsed, so he ran to the nearest town for help. Everyone was rescued, no one was hurt.
In general, I liked GOR, but on Greek islands I have come across no less beautiful and picturesque seaside roads.
From Melbourne, I flew to the Red Center - this is an area in the middle of the continent, a national park and a place of traditional aboriginal habitat, where literally everything is connected with their history and rituals.
On a fairly large territory of the national park, there are two mountain complexes: Uluru ( Uluru, accent on the first syllable, formed about 680 million years ago, a massive orange-brown oval rock) and Olgas or Kata Tjuta (The Olgas, Kata Tjuta - 36 massive rounded rocks and many gorges and valleys).
I spent only about 38 hours in the Red Center. During this time, I passed through Olgas, met the sunset on Uluru, met the dawn on Uluru and walked the basic route around Uluru (36 km and 6 hours of amazing stories about the history, traditions and rituals of the aborigines).
This is an amazing place! If you have thought about what Mars looks like, you are in the Red Center. It's hot, dry, incredibly expensive, and there are only 2 cities from which you can get to the mountains, but all of this is definitely worth seeing and feeling the magic and energy of all 700 million years of this earth's existence.
Further my way lay to the city of Cairns - the "gate" to the Great Barrier Reef. The city itself does not represent anything interesting, it does not even have a beach, although it is located on the coast itself. But from Cairns every day and all year round, hundreds of boats and yachts go to the BBR, where you can swim, snorkel or dive. I am an avid diver and chose the latter. It is impossible to be on the BBR and not dive!
Two days of absolute paradise, and not a single photo - I felt so good that I didn't want to shoot. But a very friendly turtle swam up to me nose to nose, and a 2 meter long reef shark swam a meter away from me.
Then I sent from Brisbane - to fulfill my childhood dream to hold a koala. Only there is a nursery in which, in the only one in the country, you can hold a koalka and even take a picture with it. At the same time I saw, stroked and fed one rather shabby ostrich and a bunch of kangaroos and walabi. Koalas, by the way, stink terribly!
I don't know how to use Photoshop, but I don't want to show my face, so the photo is in this form :))
Brisbane itself is quite a nice and comfortable city for life, with a sandy beach equipped right in the center and a large swimming pool, with a large and interesting botanical garden and the ability to get to a bunch of beautiful beaches and even islands in an hour. I wish I had stayed longer, but my path continued on to the Gold Coast.
The Gold Coast is like Miami - many, many kilometers of sandy beaches and high-rise buildings. The ocean is cold, the waves are big, the wind is strong. But a couple of days to rest and breathe in the air is the very thing. I lived with a friend, on the 30th floor of an 80-story building with an amazing view :)
After resting, breathing the sea air, chatting with a friend, tasting the world's best steak and trying Stand up paddle boarding, I went on to Sydney.
Sydney is the most populous city in the country and a major financial center. The energy, the rhythm is similar to New York, but the sun is much more even in April, when the calendar autumn in Australia.
See the flags at the top of the bridge? There is a place for abseiling, and there my panic fear of heights almost got the better of it. But the gorgeous view and thrill were worth it :)
The next day, the last excursion was planned, with a beautiful place - the Blue Mountains National Park (photo above), so named because of the bluish smog caused by the fumes of eucalyptus, painting the mountains in bluish-blue shades when looking at them from afar.
There is also an amusement park (4 or 5 carriages moving along the ropes vertically or horizontally), which was absolutely not worth the money spent and 30-40 minutes of standing in line for each carriage. It was much more interesting to walk along the numerous hiking trails of varying difficulty and length. Eucalyptus trees smell amazing and cool. I walked the longest route, but even it was not difficult and took only 3 hours.
In general, Australia is an amazing country. A country of national parks, amazing nature and rare animals, a country of barbecues (a place for which is equipped literally in every park and square), a country of surfing and doing nothing (they don't even have homework in schools!), a country of space, an ocean, a country that stole a large piece of my heart.
AUSTRALIA - the smallest continent. The area is 7.6 million km2. Entirely located in the south. hemisphere, isolated. It is washed by the Pacific (Tasman and Coral Seas) and the Indian Oceans (Arafur and Timor Seas). Large islands: Tasmania and New Guinea, along the north-east. The Great Barrier Reef stretches for 2300 km.
The coastline is weakly indented. Large bays - Carpentaria in the north. And the Great Australian - in the south. " large peninsulas - Cape York and Arnhemland are located on S. Geological structure and relief. At the base of A. is an ancient platform. On S. " 3. and in the central part, the crystalline base comes to the surface, in the rest of the territory it is covered by a cover of sedimentary rocks. To the east is the mountainous region of the Great Dividing Range (Hercynian folding) with the Australian Alps. A. is the flattest continent. Ore minerals are confined to crystalline shields, deposits of oil, gas, phosphorites, coal - to sedimentary rocks. Climate. The driest continent, insufficient moisture with a high level of solar radiation. Four climatic zones.
Subequatorial - variable-humid monsoon climate with humid hot summers and dry winters. There are two types of climate in the tropical zone - humid tropical and dry. The first is to the east. coast and slopes of the Dividing Range. The second is in the center of the mainland. In the subtropical zone there are three areas: subtropical humid (in the south-east.); subtropical mainland (along the Great Australian Bight); subtropical Mediterranean (south-bay).
In the temperate zone there is Tasmania, the western transport dominates with a large amount of precipitation, cool summers and mild winters. Inland waters are poor. 60% of the territory has no drainage into the ocean. To the pool The Pacific include small rivers flowing from the Great Dividing Range, full-flowing all year round, some are navigable.
The most large river- Murray with tributary Darling, rain floods are typical, Darling dries up in dry season. Most of the lakes. has no runoff and is saline. The largest Air. Natural areas... Isolation from other continents had a great influence, the number of endemics (eucalyptus and marsupials) was large. Humid and variable-humid tropical forests are located in the north-east. mainland. Palm trees, laurels, tree ferns, and ficuses grow on red ferralite soils.
Along the coast there are mangroves. Among the animals are arboreal marsupials, possums, couscous, echidnas, birds of paradise, cassowaries, and crocodiles in rivers. In the forests of the Great Dividing Range, eucalyptus prevails in the arboreal layer, in the south. parts - beech. Above 1000 m in the Australian Alps there are mountain forests with altitudinal zoning. Summer arid hard-leaved forests of the Mediterranean type are represented in the southeast. and south-hall, parts. They are the most economically valuable (eucalyptus trees reach? 70 m).
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Presentation on the topic: Traveling Australia
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Australia (English Australia, from Latin austrālis "southern") is a state in the Southern Hemisphere, a member of the Commonwealth of Nations. The capital of the state is the city of Canberra. Located on mainland Australia, Tasmania and several other islands in the Indian and Pacific Oceans. The sixth largest state in the world, the only state that occupies an entire continent. East Timor, Indonesia and Papua New Guinea are located to the north of the Commonwealth of Australia, Vanuatu, New Caledonia and the Solomon Islands to the northeast, and New Zealand to the southeast. The shortest distance between the main island of Papua New Guinea and the Australian mainland is only 145 km, and the distance from the Australian island of Boigu to Papua New Guinea is just 5 kilometers.
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The name "Australia" comes from lat. austrālis, which literally translates to "southern" (land). Legends about the "unknown southern land" (terra australis incognita), dating back to the times of the Roman Empire, were quoted in medieval books on geography, but were not based on real knowledge. The adjective Australische was also used by Dutch officials in Batavia (present-day Jakarta) to refer to all the southern lands that had been newly discovered since 1638. The word "Australia" was used in the translation into English the book of the French utopian writer Gabriel de Fuany "The Adventures of Jacques Sader, his journey and the discovery of the Astral Earth" (1676), in which he describes an imaginary country without state and laws.
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The Commonwealth of Australia is a state in the Southern Hemisphere with an area of 7,692,024 km². Australia is the sixth largest country in the world after Russia, Canada, China, the United States and Brazil, occupying about 5% of the Earth's land surface. It includes: mainland Australia (including the island of Tasmania) with an area of 7,659,861 km² (the area of other offshore islands is 32,163 km²), the Cocos (Keeling) Islands with an area of 14 km², Christmas Island with an area of 135 km², Ashmore and Cartier Islands with an area of 2 km², the Coral Sea Islands with an area of about 780 thousand km² (the water area is indicated; the area of the islands themselves is less than 3 km²), the Heard and McDonald Islands with an area of 370 km² (part of the Australian Antarctic Territory), Norfolk Island with an area of 35 km² and the Australian Antarctic Territory with an area of 6.1 million km² (Australia's sovereignty over this territory is not recognized by most countries in the world). The northern and eastern coasts of Australia are washed by the seas of the Pacific Ocean: Arafur, Coral, Tasmanovo, Timor Seas; western and southern - Indian Ocean. The large islands of New Guinea and Tasmania are located near Australia. The Great Barrier Reef, the world's largest coral reef, stretches along the northeastern coast of Australia for more than 2,000 kilometers. Australia is a huge country stretching from west to east for almost 4,000 kilometers and from north to south for about 3,860 kilometers. Extreme points mainland are: in the north - Cape York (10 ° S), in the south - Cape South East Cape (39 ° S), in the west - Cape Steep Point (114 ° E) , in the east - Cape Byron (154 ° E). The length of Australia's coastline is 59,736 km (of which the mainland is 35,877 km, the island is 23,859 km), and the area of the exclusive economic zone is 8,148,250 km².
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Coat of arms of Australia The coat of arms of Australia is the official symbol of the country. The coat of arms was originally bestowed on the country by King Edward VII on May 7, 1908, and the current version of the coat of arms was granted by King George V on September 19, 1912, although the 1908 version continued to be used in some cases until 1966. Thus, the "old" coat of arms was used on coins in denominations of six pence.
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History of the Coat of Arms Following the announcement of the creation of the Federation of Australia, Australia's first official coat of arms was approved by King Edward VII on May 7, 1908. The original design is believed to have been created in 1805 by Bowman, who painted the coat of arms depicting a rose, shamrock, and thistle supported by kangaroos and emu. It consisted of a shield in the center, 7 stars, a wreath, and a Kangaroo and Emu supporting the shield, all set against a backdrop of green grass, bearing the motto "Advance Australia". The choice of kangaroo, emu and the motto "Advance Australia" were linked together symbolically. The shield was on a white background, with a red cross of St. George, a blue line outside the cross, and in blue, containing six symbols. Due to the red color on a white background, the 6 states of Australia are represented. The Scottish Patriotic Association was skeptical, noting that the coat of arms should show the Union Flag and represent British and Irish settlers. This coat of arms was used by the government and appeared on the six pence coin from 1910 to 1963, and the three pence, shilling and florin coin from 1910 to 1936. The coat of arms, created in 1908, in 1911, was officially presented to George V on September 19, 1912. The design of the coat of arms caused a long debate in parliament. William Kelly in parliament, said: "Emu and kangaroo are so standing that they hardly fit into the heraldic atmosphere, and I think we find it funny when we do our best to carry all the traditions of the Old World on our coat of arms, with some of the wild creations of our Australian fauna. Hansard, House of Representatives, 31 October 1912 Despite objections, the kangaroos and emus remained to maintain the shield in the country's new coat of arms and were changed to look more realistic. The main reason for the reorganization of the coat of arms was to solve problems with other state coats of arms, which Australia could not represent separately, and this was achieved, the coat of arms depicted the symbols of each state on the shield. In 1912, the coat of arms was changed, and the inscription on the shield reads "Australia ". The flowers in the wreath were also changed from blue and white to blue and gold. Two acacia flowers were added to the background, but this is not part of the coat of arms.
Slide No. 9
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Slide No. 10
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Slide No. 11
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Great Barrier Reef The Great Barrier Reef is a ridge of coral reefs and islands in the Coral Sea, stretching 2,500 km along the northeastern coast of Australia. It stretches from south to north, starting at the Tropic of Capricorn between Gladstone and Bundaberg and ending in the waters of the Torres Strait that separates Australia from New Guinea. Its total area is 348 698 sq. km, which is more than the area of Great Britain. In the northern part, the width is about 2 km, in the southern part - 152 km. Most of the reefs are underwater (exposed at low tide). In the south, the reef is 300 km from the coast, and further to the north, at Cape Melville, it approaches the mainland at a distance of up to 32 km. A number of reefs, under the influence of the abrasion-accumulative activity of the sea, turned into coral islands. Marine National Park (area over 5 million hectares, founded in 1979, included in the World Heritage List); protection of flora and fauna of coasts and shallow waters.
Slide No. 12
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The Great Dividing Range The Great Dividing Range is a mountain system that stretches along the east and southeast coast of Australia for approximately 4000 km. It was formed in the Neogene-Anthropogen on the site of the denuded Paleozoic folded country. The mountains are composed mainly of limestones, granites, gneisses, volcanic rocks. There are deposits of oil and gas, coal and brown coal, tin, polymetallic ores, gold, copper, titanium-magnetite and monazite sands. The eastern slopes are steep, strongly and deeply dissected, the western slopes gently turn into hilly foothills (downs). North of 28 ° S sh. the mountains are relatively low, reaching a width of 650 km. Coastal ridges with a height of about 1000 m and volcanic plateaus are separated by wide longitudinal basins from the western, lower watershed chain with gentle peaks. Higher and more monolithic mountains are located to the south. The ridges of McPherson, New England, Gaistings, Liverpool, the Blue Mountains and the Australian Alps are distinguished. The highest point is Mount Kostsyushko (2228 m). Numerous rivers originate on the slopes, including the largest on the continent - Murray and Darling. Many dams have been built in river valleys to generate electricity and provide cities with water. Vegetation - deciduous-evergreen and eucalyptus forests (eastern slopes), savannas, woodlands, shrubs (western slopes).
Slide No. 13
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Inhabitants of Australia Currently, almost 20 million people live in Australia, of which 72% are Anglo-Celts, 17% are other Europeans and 6% are Asians. About 21% of the current inhabitants of Australia are not natives of this country, and another 21% are descendants of second-generation immigrants who did not have at least one parent. Only 2% of the population are descendants of the indigenous people of Australia - aborigines belonging to a special Australoid race. a native of this country. The influence of different cultures is obvious: it manifests itself in the appearance of the streets, in the popularity of restaurants specializing in national cuisines, in the spread of football (previously considered an "immigrant" game), in the growing proportion of adherents of the Orthodox, Muslim, Hindu, Sikh and Buddhist religions, and in the variety of press in foreign languages.
Slide No. 14
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