What is now on the hunt. Okhotny Ryad station. Shopping center Okhotny Ryad - history
There is a shopping center Okhotny Ryad. It is located on three underground floors under Manezhnaya Square. The easiest way to enter it is from the metro station of the same name, as well as from the side of the Alexander Garden from the side of the Manege.
Shopping center Okhotny Ryad - history
The history of the creation of the Okhotny Ryad complex began in 1995, when Manezhnaya Ploshchad OJSC was formed, to which it belongs. The construction of the underground complex was completed in 1997. The design was carried out by the Moscow institutes Mosinzhproekt and Mosproekt. The very idea of redevelopment of the underground space in the very center of the city, oversaturated with engineering communications, can be called bold. Nearby - Red Square, the Moscow Kremlin, underground - three metro lines. In order not to damage the historical monuments of the center of Moscow, a thorough examination of the strength and stability of already constructed buildings, as well as underground structures and communications, was carried out. The design of the new underground complex was carried out using new modern technologies. All decisions on its construction were made only on the basis of the results of the research. The stages of construction were determined in such a way that the movement of land transport in the central part of the city was not disturbed. Thanks to the original technology, the builders were able to remove all engineering communications from the development zone without violating the life support of buildings. In 1997, the constructed Okhotny Ryad Shopping Center became a laureate of the international competition MIPIM AWARDS.
Shopping center Okhotny Ryad - modernity
During the construction of the Okhotny Ryad Shopping Center, many articles appeared about the harm that underground construction can cause to historical buildings. Scientists of the Russian Academy of Sciences, commissioned by the Moscow government, conducted a study of soils under the city. They concluded that underground construction in Moscow is safe. The monitoring of the state of buildings located next to the construction site also showed this: there is no subsidence of the Duma, National and other buildings. In modern times, Okhotny Ryad is a developing complex. Here you can chat with friends in cozy cafes, pass the time before an appointment. It is curious to drive in glazed panoramic elevators.
It is one of the oldest among Moscow points of sale. The main owner of the shares is the Dekra group, which bought the shares of the Manezhnaya Ploshchad company from the Moscow government and other owners.
Shopping center Okhotny Ryad - shops
More than 100 points of sale of various brands are located on three levels with a total area of 62,711 sq.m. The area of the complex is 29400 sq.m. Getting to it is very convenient, because the metro will take you right to the entrance. It is not always worth going by car, as there are often no places in the parking lot. Some visitors come here to buy a certain thing, others to see something. The decoration of the upper level of the complex is made in the style of the XIX century. And it was planned as the most expensive floor. Initially, it was really filled with points of sale with such high prices that there were few people here. But gradually the difference between the levels was erased. Now they sell both very expensive things and those that are popular with the people, such as Mango and Guess. The popular McDonald's and Planet Sushi are also located at the highest level.
Having gone down to the average level, with more democratic prices, you can find something interesting for yourself from clothes. There are many boutiques for young people, including sports ones. In addition to them, the Seventh Continent supermarket and the Finservice bank are located here.
The lower level is especially attractive for denim lovers. For a relatively small price here you can find the original thing.
Most of the 25 restaurants, cafes and bars are also located on the lower level, in its 700-meter zone. Here you will be offered a variety of dishes for every taste of different cuisines.
For visitors to the shops of the Shopping Center Okhotny Ryad, there is a ground and four-level underground parking with a check-in from the side of the Moscow Hotel.
Street Okhotny Ryad
The name "Okhotny Ryad" speaks of the distant antiquity of this area. The first information about it dates back to the 15th century. Even then it was densely populated, as evidenced by the two churches that stood here at that time almost nearby: the Church of Paraskeva Pyatnitsa, built before 1406 (it was in the middle of the square), and the Church of Anastasia, built in 1458 (it stood opposite the exit to Bolshaya Dmitrovka). Both churches had cemeteries. To the north of them, the area was just being developed (here, shortly before that, arable land and fields were located, so the first church was designated “near the old fields”); to the south, building could not develop, since here, on the modern Revolution Square, the Neglinnaya River flowed at that time, which overflowed during floods and during heavy rains and flooded the entire place subsequently occupied in Soviet times by the Moscow Hotel and the Council House Ministers of the USSR.
At the end of the 15th century, along the route of modern Tverskaya Street, a large trade road to Novgorod passed from Red Square, which contributed to the emergence and development of inns and forges in the described area. The decree of Ivan III on the formation of free space at a distance of 110 sazhens from the fortress walls probably touched it only after the walls of Kitay-gorod were built in 1534–1538, since on the first plans-drawings of Moscow in the 17th century this area is shown almost undeveloped, occupied by three trading rows: Flour, Zhitny and Malt. These rows ran parallel to the course of the Neglinnaya River and, starting at modern Tverskaya Street, reached the middle of Theater Square. Between the Flour Row, closest to the Neglinnaya River, and the middle Zhitny Row, in the middle of the 17th century, there was a big road from Red Square through the beginning of Tverskaya to the modern Theater Square, to Teatralny Proyezd, to Bolshaya Lubyanka, Sretenka, Meshchanskaya streets and further to the White Sea. This road became commercial at the end of the 16th century, replacing the old Novgorod road.
From the middle of the 16th century, on the northern side of the modern Okhotny Ryad, there were already courts of nobles, which is undoubtedly connected with the move of Ivan the Terrible in 1565 from the Kremlin to the Oprichny courtyard, located on Mokhovaya Street on the site of the current university (new building) and its library. At the end of the 17th century, on the corner with Tverskaya Street, there was the courtyard of the boyar Prince Dolgorukov, next to it - the courtyard and stone chambers of the favorite of the ruler Sofya Alekseevna, the boyar Prince V.V. Golitsyn. Near his courtyard, closer to Bolshaya Dmitrovka Street, there were the courtyard and stone chambers of the head of the archery troops under Peter I - the boyar Prince I. B. Troekurov, and on the site of the House of the Unions - the courtyard of the nearby boyar and voivode of Obdorsky (1678) V. S. Volynsky.
In the 1680s, Golitsyn and Troekurov tried to outdo each other in the splendor of the chambers and built the first two-storey and the second three-storey stone houses. The chambers of Prince V.V. Golitsyn were especially magnificent. “In his vast Moscow house,” wrote the historian V. O. Klyuchevsky, “everything was arranged in a European way: in the large halls, the piers between the windows were filled with large mirrors, paintings and portraits of Russian and foreign sovereigns and German geographical maps hung on the walls. gilded frames; the planetary system was painted on the ceilings, and many artistic clocks and thermometers completed the decoration of the rooms. The roof of the house was covered with copper sheets; platbands of windows and doors outside were decorated with stone carvings. In the house of Prince V.V. Golitsyn, the most educated person of his time, who spoke several foreign languages, they met both passing foreigners of various directions, up to the Jesuits ... inclusive, and advanced elements of Russian society. By a strange irony of fate, Prince V.V. Golitsyn found himself in the ranks of the enemies of Peter I, while in spirit he was the person closest to his reforms. As an adherent of Sophia, he was condemned by Peter and exiled to Yarensk, then to Pustoozersk, and in 1711 to Pinega, near which he died in 1713. He was buried in the Krasnogorsk monastery.
Since the 16th century, on the other side of the square, that is, on the modern Manezhnaya, there was the Moiseevsky convent with a cemetery. In the 17th century, the monastery had several huts and stoves along Tverskaya Street, in which the nuns sold pancakes and other food.
The great fire of 1737 destroyed the wooden shops of the Flour, Zhitny and Malt rows that existed in Okhotny Ryad, and they were no longer renewed. The places of the shops were seized by the owners of the northern side of the square, the princes Dolgorukov and Gruzinsky (the latter owned the courtyard that previously belonged to Prince V.V. Golitsyn), having cut to their yards. On this land stood in the middle of the 18th century, facing Tverskaya Street, a wooden fartina (tavern), popularly known as the Wooden Jump, and there were also wooden barbershops. In the middle of the square, on the ground of the Paraskeva church, even before the fire, since 1732, its stone bell tower stood. Although since 1723 Peter I was forbidden to bury the dead at the churches in the city center, the cemeteries at the churches of Paraskeva and Anastasia still remained.
After a fire in 1737, on the site where the Moskva Hotel later appeared in Soviet times, the New Mint was built by the Treasury on the site of 140 burnt shops. In the middle of the 18th century, it consisted of a stone one-story building near Tverskaya Street (“presence”) and a stone barn to the east of it, which served as a warehouse. The construction of the New Mint here is due to the fact that the money yards transferred in 1719 from Moscow to St. Petersburg, where silver and copper coins were minted, were again restored in Moscow in 1727, but in a new place. However, the minting of coins in Moscow did not last long, and in 1742 the minting business was again transferred to St. Petersburg. Then the Berg Collegium settled at the New Mint in Okhotny Ryad.
Between the lands of the former trading rows, occupied by the princes Dolgorukov and Gruzinsky and the Paraskeva Church, and the New Mint, from Tverskaya Street there was Petrovsky Street, about six sazhens wide, paved with wood. From the northwestern corner of the Moskva Hotel, it went diagonally across the square to the southeastern corner of the modern House of the Council of Ministers of the USSR, passed in front of the House of the Unions and the Okhotny Ryad metro station, and then diagonally crossed the square in front of the Bolshoi Theater and poured into modern street Petrovka.
When this street crossed to the northeastern part, approximately in the middle of the modern Okhotny Ryad, a nameless alley departed from it directly to the east.
Between Petrovskaya Street and this lane, from its beginning to the modern Bolshaya Dmitrovka Street, in the middle of the 18th century there were several wooden shops called Okhotny Ryad, although the main part of the latter was still on modern Manezhnaya Square. By a lane from Bolshaya Dmitrovka south to the Neglinnaya River, this Okhotny Ryad was separated from the Church of Anastasia and its cemetery. The lane after the church was called "Nastasinsky".
In the 17th century, Okhotny Ryad was located on the modern Revolution Square, on the site of the current Historical Museum, between the wall of Kitai-Gorod and the Neglinnaya River. But after Peter I in 1707-1708 occupied this place under earthen bastions and a ditch, Okhotny Ryad was transferred to the modern Manezhnaya Square, to the Moiseevsky Monastery. Here, Okhotny Ryad was cramped, and after the fire of 1737, part of its shops were moved to the site of Malt and Zhitny Ryads (opposite the House of the Unions), where we find them in the middle of the 18th century. The shops were called "Okhotny Ryad" because they sold chickens, geese and other domestic and wild birds.
In 1745 Okhotny Ryad consisted of 22 small wooden benches (no more than 4-5 meters each), standing in three rows. However, the eastern part of the row, near the alley from Bolshaya Dmitrovka Street, was no longer occupied by shops, but by the courtyard with wooden huts of Prince V. M. Dolgorukov, the owner of the house opposite (the current House of the Unions).
The former courtyard of Prince I. B. Troekurov, standing nearby, faced Petrovskaya Street with a stone fence, with a gate in the middle and two two-story stone outbuildings on the sides. It belonged to Major N.F. Sokovnin. The next courtyard, the former V.V. Golitsyn, and at that time - the Georgian princes, went out onto the street with a large stone two-story building in the middle and a small one on the western side; between the one and the other was a gate. Part of the courtyard to the east of the large building overlooking the street was given over to the church of Paraskeva and built up with stone and wooden buildings. Finally, the courtyard of Prince A. B. Dolgorukov at the corner of Tverskaya had a stone house church at the very corner, a gate near it and then a stone fence. The chambers of this prince, stone, with wooden outbuildings on the sides, stood in the back of the courtyard, in the same row with the former chambers of princes V.V. Golitsyn and I.B. Troekurov.
In place of the house to the east of the Moskva Hotel, there was a state drinking house, called "Glass", and across Nastasinsky lane, to the east of it, there were "architect's chambers" - a workshop and school of "architectural" students of the outstanding architect of the middle of the 18th century D. V. Ukhtomsky. Next to them, opposite the church of Anastasia, stood another fartina.
If we add that nearby, on the modern Theater Square, there was a tavern "Petrovskoye Kruzhalo", then it becomes clear that this place was very cheerful.
According to the plan of “regulation” of Moscow in 1775, all buildings between the Mint and the northern courtyards, on the site of the lands seized by the princes in 1737, were required to be demolished and “open” the square here. The shops of Okhotny Ryad, as well as the churches of Paraskeva and Anastasia with bell towers, cemeteries and church buildings, were subject to demolition.
In 1786, they began to put this plan into execution, for which, first of all, they compensated the princes-house owners for the lands taken from them with lands in other places. The landlords, however, argued, and the case dragged on. The clergy also argued. By 1793, only the Anastasia Church, the bell tower of the Paraskeva Church and other buildings were demolished, and the square was “opened”. The Church of Paraskeva was not demolished, as “it was strong in all parts and good-looking,” according to Metropolitan Platon, and stood not in the middle of the square, but to the side. Instead of the demolished bell tower, a new one was added to it from the west.
The shops of Okhotny Ryad, of which there were already 41 by 1775, also did not disappear, but were only moved from the middle of the square to its southern side, to the wall of the former Mint. We find them there at the end of the 18th century.
The regulation of the area according to the plan of 1775 continued on the other side of Tverskaya Street. Standing since the 16th century on the corner of Mokhovaya Street, opposite the modern National Hotel, the Moiseevsky Monastery was abolished in 1765, but its churches, cells and other buildings were demolished only in 1789. Nine years after that, in 1798, the shops of the Myasny (Okhotny) row and privately owned yards that stood behind the monastery were demolished, and Moiseevskaya Square was opened here - a small one that remained until 1935, and then entered the territory of Manezhnaya Square.
The chief police chief of Moscow, Major General P. N. Kaverin, instead of his demolished small courtyard, was given ownership in 1798 of the vast former New Mint (on the site of the Moscow Hotel) with the condition that he place Okhotny Ryad shops in this courtyard, removed from Moiseevskaya Square. Kaverin fulfilled his obligation, built several rows of wooden benches in the courtyard and placed Okhotny Ryad in them.
The plan of 1805 shows that by this time, General Kaverin had built on two floors the corner building of the former "presence" of the Mint, built a third stone building instead of a dilapidated wooden house between two stone buildings, three more stone ones - on the western, southern and eastern sides of the courtyard, and along southern border in two rows of six long wooden buildings. It must be assumed that Okhotny Ryad was mainly located here.
In the fire of 1812, all the wooden shops of Okhotny Ryad burned down. General Kaverin did not want to renew them and sold his yard in 1815 to the Moscow 1st guild merchant, the owner of the "changing shop" (banker) D. A. Lukhmanov.
He built stone buildings along all the boundaries of the courtyard - shopping arcades, inextricably linked with each other. From three sides, except for the east, gates led into the courtyard - from Tverskaya, from Okhotny Ryad and from the courtyard of Kurmanleeva on the modern Revolution Square. In the south, opposite the last gate, a stone building was built in the middle of the courtyard. From the west, a wooden shed adjoined it, "under which fish are traded."
After the square of Okhotny Ryad was formed in 1793 and the trade moved from its middle to the southern borders, it also moved to neighboring courtyards; the latter began to be built up with commercial premises, mainly warehouses, pantries and taverns. Shops and warehouses were everywhere on the first floors, cellars below them, and housing on the second and third floors.
House No. 1 (now in its place Tverskaya Street) was built up on all sides of the yard and in the middle.
The neighboring house, No. 3 of the Georgian princes, in two buildings overlooking the street, was occupied by shops.
House number 5 (Paraskeva's church) and house number 7 (her clergy) remained without noticeable changes. House No. 9 (former Prince I. B. Troekurov in the 17th century) in 1815 passed to the Moscow petty-bourgeois society, which used the main building and its outbuildings for renting out - for housing and warehouses, and later - for cab drivers standing in the yard.
House No. 11 on the corner of Bolshaya Dmitrovka by 1784 was rebuilt by the famous architect M. F. Kazakov for Field Marshal Prince V. M. Dolgorukov-Krymsky. But the owner died in 1782, and the house was bought in 1784 from his son for the noble club - "Noble Noble Assembly". In its wonderful Hall of Columns, meetings of the nobility, receptions of kings, charity evenings, concerts and balls were held. The noble assembly of the nobility is captured in the story of A.P. Chekhov "The French Ball".
House No. 46 opposite it, on the south side of Okhotny Ryad (Nos. 4-44 had shops near the former Mint), belonged from the 18th century until the October Revolution to the merchants Patrikeyevs, who at the beginning of the 19th century also built it up with shops and commercial premises.
Next to it, house number 48 belonged to Lieutenant Colonel Pavlov until the 1830s and was operated by renting out benches. This courtyard was formed in 1818, after the redevelopment of Theater Square, on the site of part of Nastasinsky Lane, which was destroyed at the same time.
The shops of Okhotny Ryad traded mainly in meat, fish, herbs, poultry, live and bats, as well as eggs, etc.
Building No. 1/12 (now part of Tverskaya Street) at the corner of Tverskaya Street housed at that time the best Pedotti confectionery in the city and the best Wessel bakery. There were also two hotels (out of seven that existed in Moscow) - Shevaldysheva and "Paris".
Back in 1786, the fartin "Tverskoy Kruzhalo" (former "Wooden Leap"), which became famous for choral songs, was transferred to this house. Then it was replaced by the "Tsaregrad tavern", named after the Greek owner from Tsargrad. In 1848, the tavern was already called "Paris" and was eagerly visited by the Moscow intelligentsia.
Obliquely from this house, on the corner of Moiseevskaya Square, opposite the modern National Hotel, there was the famous Pechkina coffee house (later the Novomoskovsky tavern). In the 1830s and 1840s, it was considered the most witty place in Moscow. Herzen, Belinsky, Gogol, Shchepkin, Lensky, Mochalov, Sadovsky and others spent evenings here.
In general, around Okhotny Ryad at that time and later there were the best taverns in Moscow (Egorova, Baranova, Testov, etc.).
Probably, in connection with the permission to occupy the area of Okhotny Ryad for an imported market, there is the fact that in the 1820s, on the site of the Okhotny Ryad of the 18th century, between the Paraskeva Church and the house of the Noble Assembly, the "Bird Ryad" appeared - shops and huts with cages of singers birds. Only in 1840 was he removed from here to Trubnaya Square.
In the second half of the 19th century, the trade of Okhotny Ryad flourished so much that the yards of houses overlooking the square began to be built up with shops and warehouses. This was especially noticeable on house number 1/12 on the corner of Tverskaya and on house number 2/10, the former Mint. The first one received the superstructure of all two-story buildings with a third floor and the development of two courtyards formed in it at the beginning of the 19th century with buildings in the middle of them. This was carried out by the merchant Komissarov, in whose hands the house passed in 1873 and was with his heirs until the revolution.
House No. 2/10 in 1892 passed into the hands of Lukhmanov's heirs and from them to the merchant Zhuravlev, who rebuilt it in order to get more income from the house. Along all four sides inside the courtyard, two-story buildings were placed with cellars, shops on the first floor and storerooms on the second. In the middle of the courtyard, on the site of the garbage pits, a well and a shed for the fish trade, he built a huge (26 × 10 fathoms) two-story building, on the top floor of which there was a tavern. All buildings were completed in 1898. The last act of using this house by the owner was the installation in 1911 under the eastern half of the yard of refrigerators for storing meat, fish, etc. with special refrigeration machines.
Even earlier, at the end of the 19th century, on Okhotny Ryad Square, opposite the stone shops on its southern side, a row of wooden shops appeared, selling fruits, vegetables and herbs.
House number 3 opposite, which belonged for two centuries to the princes and princes of Georgia, in 1889 passed into the hands of the merchant Barakov, who traded in smoked hams.
The “glory” of the Okhotnoryadsky merchants was supplemented by the “glory” of the Yegorovsky tavern in Okhotny Ryad. It was located in house number 48 and, together with the house, belonged to the merchant Yegorov since 1868. The tavern was famous for serving tea "with alimone" and "with a towel". If a visitor expressed a desire to drink tea "with alimone", he was served two glasses of tea with sugar and lemon. If he demanded tea “with a towel”, he was served a tea cup, a kettle with boiling water and another small one for making tea, as well as a towel that the visitor hung around his neck. After he drained the first teapot of boiling water, wiping his forehead and neck with a towel, he was served the second, third, etc. Some experienced merchants, tea lovers, drank several teapots in one sitting, and the towel became wet with sweat.
The “polovye” (waiters) in this tavern were dressed in long white Russian shirts, white trousers and girded with a lace. However, it was the style of all Moscow taverns.
In 1902, the tavern passed from the old man Egorov to his son-in-law, Utkin-Egorov, who turned it into a first-class restaurant. Since the yard was small and all built up, in 1905 he obtained permission from the City Council to arrange a cellar for wines under the square in front of the house. This basement was discovered during the construction of a subway tunnel in 1934.
At the end of the 19th century, in the courtyards and slums of Okhotny Ryad, “cockfights” were organized by amateurs. Each came with his cock and let him down to fight with the others. The roosters fought, blood oozed, feathers flew, and the audience watched with excitement, whose rooster would come out victorious, the "fans" betting sometimes hundreds of rubles. The competition usually ended with one rooster slaughtering the other to death.
Okhotny Ryad was the most unsanitary place in the city center. Perishable meat, fish, greens emitted a stench. The desire of the hunters to keep the goods for sale until the last opportunity, washing it or flavoring it with various spices, increased unsanitary conditions. Any sanitary regulations were managed by bribing the police and agents of the City Council. For example, in house No. 2/10 in 1889, an illegal discharge of sewage into the Neglinnaya River was noticed, but no fine was imposed on the violators for this.
In the 1890s, in the same house, merchants arbitrarily staged bird slaughters at their shops. But the City Council not only did not ban them, but even refused to issue a decree regulating the slaughter of birds here ... "in view of the imminent resolution of the issue of organizing a bird slaughter at the City slaughterhouses."
The huge income that merchants received from trading in Okhotny Ryad did not even allow the city to buy this quarter. When the City Council, shortly before the war of 1914, set out to buy it out in order to build a new building of the City Duma here, the hunters asked for such a price that they had to retreat.
After the revolution, the purge of Okhotny Ryad began. In 1924, the wooden shops that stood on the south side of the square, in front of the stone shops, were demolished. In 1930, the Paraskeva Church was demolished, and in 1936, on the site of dirty courtyards with retail premises on both sides of the square, the monumental buildings of the Moskva Hotel and the House of the Council of Ministers of the USSR grew. The first building was built according to the project of Academician A. V. Shchusev, the second - according to the project of Professor Langman. Only the building of the Noble Assembly remained from the old Okhotny Ryad.
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Okhotny Ryad is the central street of Moscow, which stretches from Manezhnaya Square to Theater Square, parallel to Georgievsky Lane and Nikolskaya Street.
Archival documents testify that Okhotny Ryad Street appeared in the 17th century, when wild and domestic birds were traded here. Actually, this is where the name "Okhotny Ryad" came from. At that time, the trading pavilions of Okhotny Ryad were located on the site where the building of the Historical Museum is now located. Despite the fact that the food trade from Okhotny Ryad was transferred to other districts of Moscow, the name stuck. True, in 1961 Okhotny Ryad Street, Mokhovaya Street and Teatralny Proezd were merged and renamed Marx Avenue. But already in 1990, the original name was returned to the street - Okhotny Ryad.
In 1935, the first metro line in the Soviet Union was laid along the street and the Okhotny Ryad metro station was opened. This happened immediately after the completion of the construction of the Moskva Hotel and the building of the Council of People's Commissars and Education.
Okhotny Ryad metro station is the closest to Red Square, so you can immediately visit two sights of the capital.
Okhotny Ryad today
Okhotny Ryad is the street with which Moscow is associated. The shooting of the cult film "Moscow Does Not Believe in Tears" took place here. Here is the world-famous National Hotel, where show business stars and privileged persons stay. The street is also famous for the huge Okhotny Ryad shopping center, where goods from popular brands are presented.
Not to visit Okhotny Ryad Street means not to visit Moscow. After all, it is from here that the tour of Red Square begins, from here you can go to the Kremlin and the Eternal Flame, where the daily ceremony takes place - the changing of the guard.
Okhotny Ryad Photo
Under the square there is an underground shopping center Okhotny Ryad. Its glass dome rises on the square, crowned with the symbol of Moscow - St. George the Victorious, trampling a serpent.
View from Okhotny Ryad to Manezhnaya Square and Alexander Garden
View of the State Duma and the Lenin Museum.
Monument to the great commander G.K. Zhukov.
The building is located on Okhotny Ryad Street, house 6. It was built in 1934-1938 according to the project of architect A. Ya. Langman. Previously, it housed the State Planning Committee of the USSR.
For many, the words Okhotny Ryad are associated with the building of the State Duma of Russia. This building housed the Council of Labor and Defense, then the Council of People's Commissars of the USSR, the Council of Ministers of the USSR, the State Planning Committee of the USSR, and finally, the State Duma of Russia. The building has a characteristic imperial style - heavy columns and wide halls.
Street Okhotny Ryad - a street in the Tverskoy district of the Central Administrative District of Moscow. It is located between Manezhnaya Square and Teatralny Proyezd. The length of the street is 250 m.
Okhotny Ryad Street in Moscow - history, name
Former Okhotnoryadskaya Square, in 1930-1956 - Okhotny Ryad Square, in 1956-1961. - Okhotny Ryad street, in 1961-1990. - part of Marx Avenue. In 1991, the historical name Okhotny Ryad was restored.
The street was inhabited already in the 15th century: in 1406, the church of Paraskeva Pyatnitsa located here was mentioned. In the same century, the road to Novgorod crossed the street, running from Red Square along Tverskaya Street, which led to the emergence of forges and inns in the area. In the 17th century nobility began to settle here: the courtyards of Prince Dolgoruky, the boyars of Volynsky, Troyekurovs, Prince Golitsyn appeared, and the stone temple of Paraskeva Pyatnitsa was built. The other side of the street was occupied by Malt, Zhitny and Flour Rows, which burned down in 1737. In their place were shops selling game and poultry, hence the name of the street. In the 19th century Okhotny Ryad acquired an exclusively commercial character: trading shops, warehouses, hotels, and taverns were located there.
In the 1930s the street was reconstructed, the Moskva Hotel, the current building of the State Duma, was built on it.
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Houses in Okhotny Ryad
Okhotny Ryad, 1. State Duma of the Russian Federation . The building was built in 1932-1935. according to the project of A.Ya. Langman for the Council of Labor and Defense. Then it housed the Council of People's Commissars, the Council of Ministers, the State Planning Committee of the USSR. Since 1994, Okhotny Ryad, 1 - the address of the State Duma of the Russian Federation.
Okhotny Ryad, 2. Hotel "Moscow" . The buildings of the first stage were built in 1932-1936. according to the project of O.A. Staprana and L.I. Saveliev with the participation of A.V. Shchusev. The hotel was demolished in 2004. It was rebuilt with the reproduction of facades according to the project of V.V. Kolosnitsyn.
Okhotny Ryad, 5. Okhotny Ryad metro station . The ground lobby of the Okhotny Ryad metro station at the corner with Bolshaya Dmitrovka was built according to the project of I.A. Fomin. In 1935, he began work, which was completed in 1938 by his student L.M. Polyakov. The vestibule is built into the four-story house of the merchant P.A. Bronnikov. During the reconstruction, bay windows and balconies were replaced with pilasters, statues of athletes were placed in the niches of the first floor.
How to get to Okhotny Ryad: Art. Metro: Okhotny Ryad, Teatralnaya.
Okhotny Ryad Street is located in the Central Administrative District of Moscow, in the Tverskoy District. It runs from Manezhnaya to Theater Square. The name of the street was given by one of the Moscow trading rows, where hunters sold game, and peasants traded domestic birds. In the old days, this area was called "Okhotny Ryad Square" or "Okhotnoryadskaya Square", in 1933-1955. - Okhotny Ryad Square, in 1961-1990 the street was part of Karl Marx Avenue).
Actually, Okhotny Ryad itself in the 17th century was located on the site of the current building of the Historical Museum. Already in the middle of the 18th century, all food stalls (Obzhorny, Okhotny, Kharchevoy) were moved to Neglinka, to the area of the Church of Paraskeva Pyatnitsa, which has not survived to this day - it was demolished in 1928. The first mention of the ancient wooden church of Paraskeva Pyatnitsa near Starye Pol is found in documents from 1406. When trading rows settled on this place, the name of the temple changed a little, it was called "behind the row of rye". In 1686-1687, Prince Vasily Golitsyn built a new one on the site of a wooden church - two floors high, and made it his house church. The first floor was consecrated in the name of St. Paraskeva Pyatnitsa, and the second - in the name of the Resurrection of the Lord. The building was built following the example of the Church of the Resurrection of the Lord in New Jerusalem. From the same city they also brought molds for making tiles, which were used to decorate the octagonal drums of church domes. In the future, the church was restored once after a fire and rebuilt once.
Next to the church, Golitsyn built a large stone palace for himself. The Golitsyn Chambers appeared in Okhotny Ryad in the 1680s. It was a long building in the Moscow baroque style, with a stone first floor and a wooden second floor. The wooden part was richly decorated with "blood lines", gilded carved details and crowned with a tent. According to contemporaries, the interior decoration of the chambers could withstand rivalry with the most magnificent European interiors. Subsequently, the palace changed owners several times, and in 1871 it passed to some merchant, who almost completely destroyed the entire individuality of the house. The decor was partially cut down and partially covered with plaster. The gallery connecting the house with the church was broken. At the beginning of the 20th century, the once magnificent building was unrecognizable - it turned into a gloomy building, in which a fish-smoking shed worked and a cab yard was located. In 1920, the commission "Old Moscow" proposed to arrange a museum in the former chambers of Golitsyn. In 1926, the chambers and the church of Paraskeva Pyatnitsa were restored. The well-known architect Pyotr Baranovsky supervised the work. But two years later, in 1928, the church was demolished. The chambers stood until 1934, and then, in connection with the implementation of the plan for the reconstruction of Moscow, the building was demolished. Even the intercession of academician Igor Grabar, who was against building high-rise buildings on the street, did not help.
But back to the history of the street. Almost all the wooden buildings of the food stalls burned down during the fire of the 1812th century. They did not restore them, but instead built stone one-story trading premises with bird slaughterhouses on the site of the shops. In the second half of the 19th century and the beginning of the 20th century, Okhotny Ryad flourished, and its abundance became a symbol of hospitable and satisfying Moscow. At the same time, the inhabitants of Okhotny Ryad earned themselves a bad reputation - due to repeated attacks on Jews and intellectuals, they were considered pogromists and reactionaries. For example, in April 1878, a demonstration of revolutionary-minded students took place in Moscow. Trying to suppress the demonstration without their participation, the police set hunters on them, who beat the students with sticks and hooks.
In 1883, a cast-iron chapel in the name of St. Alexander Nevsky was erected on Okhotny Ryad Square in memory of those killed in the Russian-Turkish war of 1877-1878. This chapel was demolished in 1922, and it became the first temple destroyed by the Soviet authorities in the course of the fight against religion. Around this time, the shops of Okhotny Ryad began to be demolished, and trade was transferred to Tsvetnoy Boulevard, where the Central Market subsequently appeared. Today, on the site of the demolished Paraskeva Pyatnitsa Church and the Golitsyn Chambers, there is a complex of buildings of the State Duma of the Russian Federation.
After the Moscow Hotel was built in 1935, and then the building of the Council of People's Commissars, Okhotnoryadskaya Square was renamed Okhotny Ryad Street. It was under it that the first metro line in the USSR passed.
