Lesson-presentation on literature on the topic "The Life and Work of F. Tyutchev." Biography of F. I. Tyutchev Biography of Tyutchev interesting facts presentation
Interesting life facts about the creativity and personal life of Fyodor Ivanovich Tyutchev have been little studied, and this is due to the fact that the famous writer, despite his own publicity, did not prefer to talk about himself. Interesting facts about Tyutchev say that he was withdrawn and experienced any trouble alone with himself. As you know, Tyutchev’s biography is silent about many things. But still, interesting facts about this writer can be useful for every fan of his work, and therefore it is important to study them.
1. According to his mother, Fyodor Ivanovich Tyutchev is considered a distant relative of Tolstoy.
2. Tyutchev himself did not consider himself a professional.
3. The poet was in poor health.
4. With particular interest, Tyutchev learned many languages, namely: ancient Greek, German, Latin and French.
5. Knowing many foreign languages, Fyodor Ivanovich had to study at the College of Foreign Affairs.
6.Eleanor Peterson is considered Tyutchev’s first wife. At the time she met Fyodor Ivanovich, she already had four children.
7. Tyutchev’s first teacher was Semyon Egorovich Raich.
8. Tyutchev was considered a loving person. Over the years of his life with his beloved wife, he had to cheat.
9. Fyodor Ivanovich was not only a famous poet, but also a diplomat.
10. He received his primary education at home.
11. Tyutchev dedicated poems to each beloved woman.
12. Tyutchev had 9 children from all his marriages.
13. Even Tyutchev’s poems were dedicated to Pushkin.
14. Tyutchev comes from a noble family.
15. Fyodor Ivanovich Tyutchev wrote his first poem at the age of 11.
16. In 1861, a collection of Tyutchev’s poems was published in German.
17. Fyodor Ivanovich is a classic of Russian literature.
18. This poet preferred to glorify nature and lyrics in poetry.
19. Tyutchev was considered an avid heartthrob.
20. Fyodor Ivanovich’s third wife was 23 years younger than him. Tyutchev had a civil marriage with this woman.
21. Fyodor Ivanovich was able to survive his “last love” for 9 years.
22. The poet was born in the Oryol province.
23. Until the end of his life, Fyodor Ivanovich was interested in the politics of Russia and Europe.
24. The poet’s health failed in 1873: he developed severe headaches, lost his sight, and his left arm became paralyzed.
25. Tyutchev was considered the favorite of all women.
26. In 1822, Tyutchev was appointed a freelance official in Munich.
27. Researchers called Fyodor Ivanovich Tyutchev a romantic.
28. Tyutchev was convinced that happiness is the most powerful thing on the whole Earth.
29.The work of Fyodor Ivanovich was of a philosophical nature.
30. Tyutchev spoke with political articles.
31. The outstanding Russian poet was also an excellent political thinker.
32. Tyutchev died in Tsarskoe Selo.
33.Russophobia is the main problem that Fyodor Ivanovich Tyutchev addressed in his own articles.
34. Misfortunes haunted the poet starting in 1865.
35. Fyodor Ivanovich Tyutchev died in great agony.
Slide 2
Fedor Ivanovich Tyutchev
- Fyodor Ivanovich Tyutchev (12/05/1803 - 07/27/1873) came from the small village of Ovstug, Bryansk district (Oryol province).
- A famous Russian poet and publicist, he was also a skilled diplomat and correspondent for the St. Petersburg Academy of Sciences.
Slide 3
Parents
- Father: Tyutchev Ivan Nikolaevich (lieutenant of the guard, an educated and respected person in the world).
- Mother: Tolstaya Ekaterina Lvovna (daughter of Tolstoy L.V. and E.M. Rimskaya-Korsakova).
Slide 4
Education
Fyodor Ivanovich received a good education at home: from childhood he studied foreign languages (knew French, Latin, ancient Greek, German)
Slide 5
Tyutchev's first teacher was a seminary graduate, poet S. E. Amphiteatrov (Raich). Semyon Egorovich worked as a teacher, was an expert in ancient and Italian poetry, and translated works of Latin classics. Under his influence, Tyutchev became interested in classical literature, and at the age of 13 he was already writing his own works (“For the New Year of 1816”).
Slide 6
Youth
- For 14 years Tyutchev has been a volunteer student at the Faculty of History and Philology at the famous Moscow University.
- At the age of 15, he was enrolled as a student of the same philological faculty, was friends with M.P. Pogodin, and was interested in the German romantic style in literature (“Urania”, “Solitude”).
Slide 7
First works and publications
- In 1822, Fyodor Ivanovich moved to Munich (for service, to the place of chamberlain at the State College of Foreign Affairs). Acquaintance with G. Heine and F. Schelling influenced the poet’s work. Here he writes his best works: “Spring Thunderstorm”, “How the ocean embraces the globe...”, “Not what you think, nature...” and “What are you howling about, night wind?..”.
- The Sovremennik magazine published 16 of his works in 1836 in the series “Poems Sent from Germany.”
Slide 8
Personal life
- Tyutchev's first wife F.I. is Eleanor Peterson (Countess Bothmer, German).
- They meet in Munich. In their joint marriage they have 3 daughters. In 1838, Eleanor dies.
Slide 9
- Second wife - Ernestine Dernberg.
- The poet met with her even before the death of his first wife, which caused stormy criticism of himself (which is why he was transferred to Turin to the position of senior secretary of the Russian mission). They decide to get married a year after Eleanor's death.
Slide 10
Passion for Slavophilism
In 1841, Tyutchev met Vaclav Hanka (a figure in the Czech national revival). In this regard, the poet is interested in the ideas of Slavophilism, the unification of the Slavs, which is reflected in his poetry.
Slide 11
Political career
Slide 12
Last years
- In 1854, the first collection of poems by Fyodor Ivanovich was published, which included works dedicated to Tyutchev’s new beloved Elena Denisyeva (“I knew the eyes, - oh, these eyes!..”, “Last Love”, etc.) . Despite the condemnation of those around him, the poet’s romance with Elena lasted until his beloved’s death.
- After Elena's death from tuberculosis (1864), the poet loses his children (two daughters, a son), mother and brother. So many deaths of loved ones become the strongest blows for the poet. In 1873 he dies of paralysis.
Slide 13
Stages of creative development of F.I. Tyutcheva
- 1810-1820: the first poems appear, similar in style to the poetry of the 18th century.
- 1820-1840: features of original poetics are revealed, the influence of Russian odic poetry of the 18th century and European romanticism is noticeable.
- 1850-1870: the poet writes political and love (dedicated to Denisyeva) poems.
View all slides
- Not far from the city of Bryansk, in the village of Ovstug, located near the Desna River, Fyodor Ivanovich Tyutchev was born on November 23, 1803 into a noble noble family. For his father’s birthday, November 13, the future poet wrote a poem, and it was called “To my dear daddy.” The young poet was not yet eleven years old.
- F.I. Tyutchev in childhood. Copy from the portrait of K. Bardou. 1805–1806
- Tyutchev's father,
- Ivan Nikolaevich,
- was a lieutenant of the guard.
- Artist F. Kühnel. 1801
- Mother, Ekaterina Lvovna Tolstaya, belonged to an old noble family.
- Unknown artist. Late 18th century
- Coat of arms of the Tyutchev family
- 1812 - a young poet-translator was invited to the Tyutchev family to raise their sons
- S.E. Raich. For seven years, Raich supervised the home education of Fyodor Tyutchev and had a great influence on the formation of his character.
- S.E. Rajic, home teacher
- F.I. Tyutcheva.
- Artist B. Beltyukov. 1985
- 1817 - Tyutchev, under the leadership of Raich, translates Horace’s message to Maecenas. Raich presented his student's translation to the Society of Lovers of Russian Literature and the work was approved. The translator Tyutchev, who was then 14 years old, was awarded the title of “collaborator”, and the translation was published in the 14th part of the society’s “Proceedings”.
- 1819 - Tyutchev enters the literature department of Moscow University.
- University of Moscow
- Tyutchev began writing poetry in his early youth. He appeared in print in 1819, but subsequently published rarely and with long interruptions.
- 1821 - Fyodor Tyutchev receives a candidate's degree in literary sciences.
- 1822 - Tyutchev was sent to St. Petersburg to serve in the State Collegium of Foreign Affairs. In the same year, the poet left for Munich - a relative helped him get a job as a supernumerary official at the Russian mission. Tyutchev spent twenty-two years abroad.
- F.I. Tyutchev. Unknown artist.
- 1819–1820
- During his long life, Tyutchev witnessed many “fatal moments” of history: the Patriotic War of 1812, the Decembrist uprising, revolutionary events in Europe in 1830 and 1848, the reform of 1861... All these events could not help but worry Tyutchev both as a poet and as a citizen .
- F.I. Tyutchev. Unknown artist. 1825
- An outstanding phenomenon in Russian and world literature was Tyutchev’s love lyrics, distinguished by the depth of thought, poetic power in conveying human feelings and vividly individualized by the lyrical image of a woman who loves “in defiance of both people and fate.”
- F.I. Tyutchev. Artist I. Rekhberg. 1838
- In the spring of 1823, Tyutchev fell in love with the still very young Amalia von Lerchenfeld. Amalia was only considered the daughter of a prominent Munich diplomat, Count Maximilian von Lerchenfeld-Kefering. In fact, she was the illegitimate daughter of the Prussian king Frederick William III and Princess Thurn and Taxis (and was thus the half-sister of another daughter of this king, the Russian Empress Alexandra Feodorovna).
- Beloved of F.I. Tyutchev.
- Portrait by I. Stiller, 1830s.
- A royal daughter of dazzling beauty, Amalia clearly sought to achieve the highest possible position in society. And she succeeded. While Tyutchev was leaving on vacation, Amalia got married to his colleague, Baron Alexander Sergeevich Krunder. It is not known exactly when Tyutchev learned about Amalia’s wedding, but it is easy to imagine his pain and despair at that time. But, despite the grievances, Amalia’s relationship with Tyutchev lasted for half a century, despite the fact that he was married to someone else, he dedicated poetry to her.
- Amalia Artist A. Tsebens. 1865
- In Munich, Tyutchev meets a beautiful German woman, Eleanor Peterson, née Countess Bothmer. 1826 - Tyutchev marries Countess Bothmer. Their family is visited by the entire Bavarian intelligentsia.
- In their marriage, three lovely girls are born.
- Eleanor Bothmer,
- first wife of F.I. Tyutcheva. Miniature by I. Scheler. 1830s
- It was an unusual, strange marriage in many ways. Twenty-two-year-old Tyutchev secretly married a recently widowed woman, the mother of four sons aged one to seven, and a woman four years older. Even two years later, many in Munich, according to Heinrich Heine, did not know about this wedding. “Serious mental demands were alien to her, but she was endlessly charming and charming,” wrote the poet’s biographer K.V. Pigarev about Eleanor.
- Tyutchev's first wife.
- It can be assumed that Tyutchev decided to marry mainly for the sake of salvation from the torment and humiliation caused by the loss of his true beloved. But, one way or another, Tyutchev did not make a mistake. Eleanor fell infinitely in love with him. She managed to create a cozy and welcoming home. Tyutchev lived with Eleanor for 12 years. From this marriage he had three daughters: Anna, Daria, Ekaterina.
- Eleanor Tyutcheva, the poet's first wife. Artist I. Shtiler. 1830s
- In 1833, Tyutchev became seriously interested in Baroness Ernestina Dörnberg (Pfeffel). 1839 - Tyutchev marries the baroness. In the same year, for leaving without permission to Switzerland (to get married), he was dismissed from service and deprived of the title of chamberlain. Tyutchev and his wife move to Munich.
- They had three children together.
- Ernestine Pfeffel, the poet's second wife. Artist F. Durk. Early 1840s
- Ernestina Dernberg.
- Lithograph by G. Bodmer from a portrait by J. Stieler. Munich. 1833
- Widowed, the poet married Ernestine Dörnberg, née Baroness Pfeffel, in 1839.
- Ernestina Fedorovna Tyutcheva.
- Petersburg. Photo 1862
- Ernestina Fedorovna Tyutcheva (right) with her daughter Maria Fedorovna.
- Petersburg. Photo 1860
- E.I. Denisyeva. Artist Ivanov. 1850s
- The “Denisevsky” cycle is a collection of poems by F.I. Tyutchev, which talks about his love for Elena Deniseva. The poet's relationship with Denisyeva was more than dramatic, but lasted for fourteen years. Society had a hard time accepting their relationship: firstly, Tyutchev was married, and secondly, his beloved was old enough to be his daughter. But, despite everything, the relationship continued.
- E.A. Denisyeva. Photo from the early 1860s
- Denisyeva and Tyutchev had a daughter and two sons. Tyutchev did not break with his official family, nevertheless, in the living rooms of St. Petersburg and the surrounding area he was mercilessly reviled - they could not forgive him for this affair on the side, because here there was a genuine passion, not hidden from the world, distinguished by constancy. Denisyeva herself was subject to public persecution. The scenes that often took place between him and Denisyeva were also difficult and difficult for Tyutchev. We know little about her, apart from the poems dedicated to her by Tyutchev. The fragmentary information that has reached us depicts Denisyeva with the features of other Dostoevsky heroines, mentally torn, capable of the darkest antics.
- E.I. Denisyeva with her daughter Elena Tyutcheva.
- Photo 1862–1863
- Maria Fedorovna Tyutcheva, daughter of the poet.
- Photo 1848–1849
- Ekaterina Fedorovna Tyutcheva,
- daughter of a poet.
- Artist I. Makarov. 1850s
- Anna Fedorovna Tyutcheva,
- daughter of a poet.
- Photo 1865
- Daria Fedorovna Tyutcheva,
- daughter of a poet.
- Photo from the early 1870s
- Ekaterina Fedorovna Tyutcheva,
- daughter of a poet.
- Artist O. Peterson. 1851
- Second half of the 1860s. became fatal for Tyutchev: in 1864, following Deniseva, their common daughter and one-year-old son died, a year later - the poet’s mother, in 1870 - the eldest son Dmitry and brother Nikolai, and in 1872 - the youngest daughter Maria.
- F.I. Tyutchev.
- Artist M. Reshetnev
- In December 1872, Tyutchev was partially paralyzed: his left hand remained motionless, and his vision sharply decreased.
- Fyodor Ivanovich Tyutchev died in the early morning of July 15, 1873.
- Monument to F.I. Tyutchev in Ovstug
- Monument in Bryansk
- Opened on July 27, 2003, dedicated to the 200th anniversary of the poet
- Personal belongings of F.I. Tyutchev. Muranovo Estate Museum
"How will our word respond..."
Life and work of F.I. Tyutchev
Fyodor Ivanovich Tyutchev.
1803 – 1873
We can't predict
How our word will respond, -
And we are given sympathy,
How grace is given to us...
F.I.Tyutchev
Here is our patent for nobility, -
The poet hands it to us;
There is a powerful spirit of dominion here,
Here is the color of refined life.
You won’t find Helikon in the syrts,
Laurels will not bloom on ice floes,
The Chukchi do not have Anacreon,
Tyutchev will not come to the Zyryans.
But the muse, observing the truth,
She looks - and on the scales she has
This is a small book
There are many heavier volumes.
A. Fet. On a book of poems
Tyutcheva. December 1883
F. I. Tyutchev. Portrait of work
artist S. Aleksandrovsky. 1876
The Tyutchevs belonged to the ancient Russian nobility
Ekaterina Lvovna Tyutcheva, mother of the poet. Unknown artist. End of the 18th century
The poet’s mother belonged to the family of Counts Topstykh, known in the chronicles.
Ivan Nikolaevich Tyutchev, father
poet. Artist F. Kühnel. 1801
Coat of arms of the Tyutchev family
Fyodor Ivanovich was the second, or youngest, son of Ivan Nikolaevich and Ekaterina Lvovna Tyutchev and was born in 1803 on November 23, in the Tyutchev family estate, the village of Ovstug, Oryol province, Bryansk district. The Tyutchevs belonged to the old Russian nobility. Although the pedigree does not show where their first ancestor “left” from, family tradition takes him from Italy, where, they say, to this day, precisely in Florence, the surname Dudgi is found among merchant houses. The Nikon Chronicle mentions the “cunning husband” Zakhar Tutchev, whom Dmitry Donskoy, before the start of the Kulikovo massacre, sent to Mamai with a lot of gold and two translators to collect the necessary information - which the “cunning husband” performed very successfully.
Aksakov I. S. Fedor Ivanovich Tyutchev. Biographical sketch
So, I saw you again,
Unpleasant places, although dear,
Where I thought and felt for the first time
And where now with foggy eyes,
In the evening light,
My childish age is looking at me .
F.I. Tyutchev
Ovstug, Oryol province - family estate of F.I. Tyutchev
F.I. Tyutchev in childhood. Copy from the portrait of K. Bardou. 1805–1806
Fyodor spent his early childhood in Ovstug. Tyutchev’s home teacher of Russian literature and tutor from 1813 to 1819 was the poet, translator and journalist S. Raich (Semyon Egorovich Amfiteatrov), then a student at Moscow University, according to I.S. Aksakov, “a highly original, disinterested, pure person, eternally dwelling in a world of idyllic dreams, himself the personified bucolic, who combined the solidity of a scientist with some virginal poetic fervor and infantile kindness.”
S.E. Raich, home teacher F.I. Tyutcheva. Artist B. Beltyukov. 1985
Years of study
In 1821 F.I. Tyutchev graduated early
verbal department of Moscow University
enrolled in the service of the State Collegium
to Munich, to the position of supernumerary official
Russian diplomatic mission in Bavaria.
University of Moscow
The poet spent more than 20 years in Germany
and Italy in the diplomatic service
… Count A.I. Osterman-Tolstoy put him in a carriage with him and took him abroad, where he assigned him as a supernumerary official to the Russian mission in Munich. “Fate was pleased to arm itself with Tolstoy’s last hand (recalls Fyodor Ivanovich in one of his letters to his brother 45 years later) in order to resettle me to a foreign land.”
Aksakov I. S. Fedor Ivanovich
Tyutchev. Biographical sketch
State Collegium of Foreign Affairs
... Tyutchev alone, without a leader, experiences the entire process of internal development in a foreign land,
from youth to mature manhood,
and returns to Russia to settle when he is already in his fifth decade.
Aksakov I. S. Fedor Ivanovich
Tyutchev. Biographical sketch
In a foreign land...
Nature is life, there is no dead nature. And in inorganic matter the pulse of life beats, the World Soul glows
F.V. Schelling
In Munich, he met and became friends with Heinrich Heine, Heinrich Heine, and often talked with the philosopher F.V. Schelling and other scientists from the University of Munich. In the diary of P.V. Kireevsky has preserved Schelling's review of Tyutchev: “He is a most excellent person, a very educated person with whom you always willingly talk.”
F.V. Schelling
Munich. Photo postcard
1890s
Heinrich Heine
I remember the golden time I remember the dear land to my heart. The day was getting dark; there were two of us; Below, in the shadows, the Danube roared. And on the hill, where, whitening, The ruins of the castle look into the distance, There you stood, young fairy, Leaning on mossy granite.
Touching baby's foot A century-old pile of rubble; And the sun hesitated, saying goodbye With the hill and the castle and you.
And the quiet wind passes by Played with your clothes And from the wild apple trees, color after color There was light on the young shoulders.
You looked carefree into the distance... The edge of the sky was smoky in the rays; The day was dying out; sang more sonorously A river with darkened banks.
And you with carefree joy Happy day spent; And sweet is fleeting life A shadow flew over us.
F.I. Tyutchev. Unknown
artist. 1819–1820
Eleanor Bothmer, the poet's first wife. Artist I. Shtiler. 1830s
Plunging into
atmosphere of slim and
strict German
thinking, Tyutchev
quickly gives up
all the shortcomings
which suffered
then education
us in Russia, and
acquires extensive
and in-depth information.
I.S. Aksakov
In 1826 F.I. Tyutchev
married a Bavarian
aristocrat, countess
Botmer, their salon
became the focus
local intelligentsia...
“You would be a blessing to me...”
Ernestina Dernber - second wife of F.I. Tyutchev
In 1837 Tyutchev was appointed first secretary of the Russian
missions to T at rine, where he experienced his first bereavement: she died
wife. In 1839 he entered into a new marriage with Ernestina Dernberg,
with whom he lived until the end of his days and dedicated a lot to her
works...
K.V. Pigarev. an outstanding scholar of Tyutchev, wrote about the creation of the poem “I don’t know whether grace will touch...”: “Tyutchev put the piece of paper on which these poems were written in a herbarium album belonging to his wife. Unnoticed by her, these poems lay between the pages of the album for many years, and only in 1875, a quarter of a century after they were written and two years after the death of their author, were they accidentally discovered by the woman to whom they belonged.” In it, during the period of intense love passion for Denisyeva, Tyutchev calls his wife, Ernestina Fedorov, earthly grace. Tormented by contradictions, Tyutchev writes: I don’t know whether grace will touch my soul, painfully sinful, whether it will be able to resurrect and rise, whether the spiritual swoon will pass? But if the soul could find peace here on earth, you would be my grace...
Ernestina Fedorovna Tyutcheva -
Dernber. Portrait of work
J. Stieler. Munich. 1833
F.I. Tyutchev’s poems are dedicated to Ernestine Dernberg:
in love...", "I don't know,
Will grace touch..."
“His grief is sacred to me, whatever its cause.”
From a letter from E. Dernber to his daughter
Tyutcheva D.F. Tyutcheva
Start of creativity:
A.S. Pushkin and F.I. Tyutchev:
Tyutchev came into the field of Pushkin’s literary vision in 1826-1827. when in 1827 in the almanac of Raich and Oznobishin “Northern Lyre” Tyutchev placed five poems under his full signature and one under the signature of T
Already in 1836, in volumes III and IV of Pushkin’s Sovremennik, 16 poems by Tyutchev were published under the title “Poems sent from Germany” and signed “F.T.”
Tropinin V. A.
Portrait of A. S. Pushkin. 1827.
Pushkin magazine “Sovremennik”
1836 edition
... I handed over several of your things, carefully sorted and rewritten by me. Vyazemsky; a few days later I unexpectedly go to see him around midnight and find him alone with Zhukovsky; they read your poems and are impressed by the poetic feeling that your poems breathe. I was delighted, fascinated: every word, every reflection, Zhukovsky in particular, proved more and more how well they felt all the shades and all the charm of a simple and deep thought. During this meeting, it was decided to select five or six poems for publication in one of the issues of Pushkin's journal, that is, three or four months later, and then try to publish the poems in a separate volume. A day later, Pushkin also became acquainted with the poems; I saw him later - he values them as he should and spoke to me about them very sympathetically." Iv. Gagarin "Russian Archive", 1879, book. II, pp. 120-121.
Non-minor "minor" poet
- 1844- return to St. Petersburg. Publication of political articles “Russia and Germany”, “Russia and Revolution”,
"The Papacy and the Roman Question". 1854- publication of the first collection of poems by Tyutchev.
F.I. Tyutchev. Artist
I. Rekhberg. 1838
If his poems saw the light of day, it was only thanks to random, outside interference; there were gaps in their appearance in print at five and fourteen years, although there was no break in his poetic work. His fame as a poet actually begins in 1854, that is, when he was already in his sixth decade, precisely from the time of the first publication of his poems by the editors of the Sovremennik magazine with the assistance of I. S. Turgenev.
I.S. Aksakov, Tyutchev’s first biographer
husband of the poet's eldest daughter, Anna.
Lyrics F.I. Tyutcheva
Philosophy is the basis of the poet’s lyrics
Philosophical or metaphysical lyrics
"Summer evening"
“As the ocean envelops the globe...”
"Glimmer"
"Fountain",
“On the stone of fatal life...”
"Dream at sea"
"Madness",
"Vision"
Denisevsky
cycle
"She was sitting on the floor..."
"Oh, how deadly
we love…"
"Last Love" "Twins"
"When in a circle
murderous worries."
"On the Neva"
"No matter how the noon breathes
sultry"
"Predestination"
Political
lyrics
1. Banner and word 2. I looked, a hundred I was above
Neva 3. Russian geography 4. Dawn 5. A terrible dream
weighed down on us 6. How long will you be behind the fog 7. To the Slavs
Lyrics (from the Greek lyrikos - pronounced to the sounds of a lyre), a literary genre (along with epic, drama), the subject of which is the content of inner life, the poet’s own “I” Big Encyclopedic Dictionary (BED)
How precarious is everything in which there is no truth! - political lyrics
Russian geography
Moscow and the city of Petrov, and the city of Constantine - These are the treasured capitals of the Russian kingdom... But where is the limit to it? and where are its borders - North, east, south and sunset? In the coming times, fate will expose them... Seven inland seas and seven great rivers... From the Nile to the Neva, from the Elbe to China, From the Volga to the Euphrates, from the Ganges to the Danube... This is the Russian kingdom... and will never pass away , Somehow the Spirit foresaw and Daniel predicted.
The principles of power as the unity of interests of the individual, the people, the state, based on spiritual, moral and historical principles (“Divine power, God’s truth”) are reflected in one of Tyutchev’s last poems: Only there, only in that folk family, Where a living connection is heard with the highest power And where is it fixed? Mutual faith and free conscience, Where all its conditions are holy And the people are inspired by her.. .
"Napoleon III" (1872).
"Grad Petrov..."
“In the poem “As the ocean envelops the globe...” dreams are called a special “element” that irresistibly attracts a person to itself.”
V.Ya. Bryusov (Ed. Marx. P. XLII)
Philosophical lyrics
“As the ocean envelops the globe...”
chaos and space in Tyutchev's lyrics
As the ocean envelops the globe,
Earthly life is surrounded by dreams; Night will come - and the Element hits its shore with sonorous waves. That's her voice: he forces us and asks... Already in the pier the magical boat came to life; The tide is rising and quickly carrying us into the immensity of the dark waves. The vault of heaven, burning with the glory of the stars, looks mysteriously from the depths, - And we float, surrounded by a burning abyss on all sides. 828–1830
“The last four verses are amazing:
reading them, you feel an involuntary thrill"
ON THE. Nekrasov
In the famous poem “As the ocean embraces the globe...” (1830), sleeping humanity joins the cosmos and comprehends the beauty and harmony of the universe. This poem begins by likening the life of humanity, “engulfed in dreams,” to the globe - a sphere covered, “embraced” by the ocean. The perception of the spiritual sphere as having material properties is often
manifested in Tyutchev’s work
literature: in 4 volumes. – L.: Nauka, 1982. –
T. 3: The rise of realism. – pp. 403–426.
The beauty of the universe is embodied here in the image of a sphere.
... The spherical image of space is illusory, because the sky is only reflected in the water, and the complete coincidence of the top and bottom of the sphere is an illusion. However, this illusion, this image created by a dream corresponds to reality. Just as “the ocean envelops the globe of the earth,” and dreams and daydreams embrace earthly life, the starry sky forms the shell of the globe with its material existence and spiritual sphere,
surrounding a person. For Tyutchev himself, the space theme was a natural and necessary outgrowth of his view of nature and man’s relationship with it.
Lotman L.M.
Summer evening
Already a hot ball of the sun
The earth rolled off its head,
And peaceful evening fire
The sea wave swallowed me up. The bright stars have already risen And gravitating over us The vault of heaven has been lifted With your wet heads.
The river of air is fuller
Flows between heaven and earth,
The chest breathes easier and more freely,
Freed from the heat. And a sweet thrill, like a stream, Nature ran through my veins, How hot are her legs? The spring waters have touched.
“The chest breathes easier and more freely...”
Nekrasov’s article “Russian minor poets” (1850), the first critical essay on Tyutchev’s work to appear in print, contained the assertion that Tyutchev, who by force of circumstances found himself in the position of a minor poet, is in fact a first-class artist whose departure from literature should be regarded as a great loss. Nekrasov stated: “We resolutely classify Mr. F. T.’s talent as one of the top Russian poetic talents.”
Lotman L.M. Tyutchev // History of Russian literature: In 4 volumes. – L.:
Science, 1982. – T. 3: The rise of realism. – pp. 403–426.
F. I. Tyutchev as a poet-philosopher
Silentium!*
Be silent, hide and hide
And your feelings and dreams -
Let it be in the depths of your soul
They get up and go in
Silently, like the stars in the night, - Admire them - and be silent.
How can the heart express itself?
How can someone else understand you?
Will he understand what you live for?
A spoken thought is a lie.
Exploding, you will disturb the keys, -
Feed on them - and be silent.
Just know how to live within yourself -
There is a whole world in your soul
Mysteriously magical thoughts;
They will be deafened by the outside noise,
Daylight rays will disperse, -
Listen to their singing - and be silent!..
* Silence! (lat.).
M.Ciurlionis. True
Match F.I. Tyutchev’s poem “Silentium!” and M. Ciurlionis’s painting “Truth”
The poem is written in iambic, but three lines in it are amphibrachic.
Such rhythmic interruptions give the poem special expressiveness.
He has not only thinking poetry, but poetic thought; not a reasoning, thinking feeling - but a feeling and living thought. Because of this, the external artistic form is not put on his thought, like a glove on a hand, but has grown together with it, like a covering of skin with the body... it is the very flesh of thought.
I.S. Aksakov.
Questions and tasks for the poem “Silentium”
Determine what genre of lyricism this poem belongs to?
What do you think is his main idea?
What is characteristic of the inner world of the lyrical hero? What worries him?
« How can the heart express itself? How can someone else understand you? "There is a whole world in the soul
yours..." - are important for the poet feelings, dreams, thoughts, emotional movements.
What are the signs of the external world? What pictures of nature are important for the poet to create an image?
outside world?
Stars in the night, keys, outside noise, daylight.
Why does the external world prevent a person from focusing on his inner life?
Why does the word “be silent” become the leitmotif of the poem?
What poetic meaning is revealed in the fact that the poem is titled in Latin?
Why can only silence save a person’s inner life?
What means of artistic expression does the poet use?
What character does the abundance of verbs in the imperative mood give to the text?
How and for what purpose are the images of night and day contrasted in the poem?
Why do the images of the poem move from the pictures of the night to the “rays of day”?
Conclusion: In the Tyutchev paradigm, a word is a “thought expressed,” but the human word is still not Divine, but “ours”: it cannot express the fullness of the world. But even the imperfect “our word” is “grace,” a power sent down from above, given to man. Grace, the power to express one’s thoughts in words, is given to a person along with the ability of “sympathy,” that is, the ability sympathize, penetrate into the feelings of other living beings, take into yourself their joy and pain. “Our word” appears only thanks to “sympathy” and carries within itself an echo of the experiences of the whole world. The “thought expressed”, which has become “our word,” will echo in another rational being, but what this echo will be is not given to a person to predict. In the poem, according to I.S. Aksakov, “all this weakness of the poet is so well expressed - to convey in precise words, with a logical formula of speech, the inner life of the soul in its fullness and truth...” The poem is written in iambic, but three lines in it are amphibrachic. Such rhythmic interruptions give the poem special expressiveness.
You can't understand Russia with your mind,
The general arshin cannot be measured:
She will become special -
You can only believe in Russia.
These poor villages
This meager nature
The native land of long-suffering,
You are the edge of the Russian people!
He won't understand or notice
Proud look of a foreigner,
What shines through and secretly shines
In your humble nakedness.
Dejected by the burden of the godmother,
All of you, dear land,
In slave form the king of heaven
He came out blessing.
Z. Serebryakova. Scenery. Neskuchnoye village
Each of his poems began with a thought, but a thought that, like a fiery point, flared up under the influence of a deep feeling or strong impression; as a result of this... Mr. Tyutchev’s thought never appears naked and abstract to the reader, but always merges with an image taken from the world of the soul or nature, is imbued with it, and itself penetrates it inseparably and inextricably.
I.S. Turgenev
A deep understanding of the life of Russia, faith in the spiritual strength of the people, and a heightened sense of patriotism are characteristic of Tyutchev’s civic poetry. The homeland, people, native language become a spiritual and moral support for the individual.
Poems about nature
There is in the initial autumn
A short but wonderful time -
The whole day is like crystal,
And the evenings are radiant...
Where the cheerful sickle walked and the ear fell,
Now everything is empty - space is everywhere, -
Only a web of thin hair
Glistens on the idle furrow.
The air is empty, the birds are no longer heard,
But the first winter storms are still far away -
And pure and warm azure flows
To the resting field...
There is no arguing about Tyutchev; he who does not feel it, thereby proves that he does not feel poetry.
I.S. Turgenev
Gr. Myasoedov. Autumn landscape
Poems by Mr. F.T. belong to the few brilliant phenomena in Russian poetry. G.F.T.
wrote very little; but everything he wrote bears the stamp of the true and beautiful
talent, often original, always graceful, full of thought and genuine feeling
ON THE. Nekrasov "Russian minor poets". "Contemporary". 1850 g
"She has a soul,
there is freedom in it..."
Not what you think, nature: Not a cast, not a soulless face - She has a soul, she has freedom, She has love, she has language...
You see a leaf and a flower on a tree: Or did the gardener glue them? Or does the fetus ripen in the womb through the play of external, alien forces?
Tyutchev views the inability to be imbued with love for nature and the desire to understand its language as squalor, a sign of moral inferiority.
The poem affirms the idea of the sovereignty of nature and is directed both against vulgar materialists who preach the reckless arbitrary invasion of man into the world of nature, its subordination to the will of man, and against the church dogma about nature as a “cast” of the will of God.
Lotman L.M. Tyutchev // History of Russian
literature: in 4 volumes. – L.: Nauka, 1982.
G. Myasoedov. Forest stream.
NOON The hazy afternoon breathes lazily; The river rolls lazily; And in the fiery and pure firmament the clouds lazily melt. And all nature, like fog, embraces a hot drowsiness; And now the great Pan himself is peacefully dozing in the cave of the nymphs. F.I. Tyutchev, late 1820s
Tyutchev's poems about nature are filled with unexpected personifications, epithets and metaphors and are devoid of everyday words and colors. Nature for Tyutchev is something majestic and endless.
S. Brusilov. Noon near Moscow
SEA AND CLIFF
And it rebels and bubbles, Whips, whistles, and roars, And he wants to reach the stars, To unshakable heights... Is it hell, is it hellish power Under the bubbling cauldron The fire of Gehenna was spread out - And turned up the abyss And put it upside down? Waves of frantic surf Continuous wave of the sea With a roar, a whistle, a squeal, a howl It hits the coastal cliff, - But, calm and arrogant, I am not overcome by the foolishness of the waves, motionless, unchanging, The universe is modern, You stand, our giant!
And, embittered by the battle, Like a fatal attack, The waves are howling again Your huge granite. But, O immutable stone Having broken the stormy onslaught, The shaft splashed out, crushed, And swirls with muddy foam Exhausted impulse... Stop, you mighty rock! Wait just an hour or two - Tired of the thunderous wave To fight with your heel... Tired of evil fun, She will calm down again - And without howling, and without fighting Under the giant heel The wave will subside again...
"Denisevsky cycle"
She was sitting on the floor
And I sorted through a pile of letters,
And, like cooled ash,
She picked them up and threw them away.
I took familiar sheets
And I looked at them so wonderfully,
How souls look from above
The body thrown on them...
Oh, how much life was here, irrevocably experienced!
Oh, how many sad moments
Love and joy killed!..
I stood silently on the sidelines
And I was ready to fall on my knees, -
And I felt terribly sad,
As from the inherent sweet shadow.
F.I. Tyutchev.
More than once you have heard the confession: “I’m not worth your love.” Even though she is my creation - But how poor I am in front of her...
Before your love, it pains me to remember myself - I stand, silent, in awe, and worship you...
When, sometimes, so tenderly, With such faith and prayer, You involuntarily bow your knee Before the dear cradle,
Where she sleeps - your birth - Your nameless cherub - You too understand my humility Before your loving heart.
E.I. Denisyeva. Artist Ivanov. 1850s
“The Denisyev Cycle” is a lyrical diary about Tyutchev’s deepest and most tragic, “last love” for the young Elena Alexandrovna Denisyeva, who had just graduated from the Institute of Noble Maidens. This novel by the 47-year-old poet, not hidden from the world, brought a lot of suffering to those who loved him, but the fate of the unfortunate woman was especially sad and difficult in this situation. Children were born, and although Tyutchev legally adopted them, the doors of all former friends and acquaintances were closed to Denisyeva, she was expelled from the world and her environment. All the vicissitudes of this stormy and tragic romance, which lasted from 1851 until Denisyeva’s death in 1864, became the poet’s lyrical revelation. The best poems included in this cycle were written after the death of Elena Alexandrovna
“But there is no shortage of tenderness in the heart...”
LAST LOVE
0, as in our declining years We love more tenderly in superstition... Shine, shine, farewell light of last Love, the dawn of evening! Half of the sky was engulfed in shadow, Only there, in the west, is the radiance wandering, Hey, hey, evening day, - Long, long, enchantment. Let the blood in the veins become scarce, But the tenderness in the heart does not become scarce... Oh, you, last love! You are both bliss and hopelessness.
S.Yu. Zhukovsky. Sad thoughts
Tyutchev's talent, by its very nature, is not addressed to the crowd and does not expect feedback and approval from it; in order to fully appreciate it, the reader himself must be gifted with some subtlety of understanding, some flexibility of thought that does not remain idle for too long
Aksakov I. S. F. I. Tyutchev.
Biographical sketch
Researcher G.A. Gukovsky wrote that Tyutchev’s love lyrics tend to unite “into their
a kind of novel that is close in manner, meaning, character, “plot” to the prose novel of the same era"
Love in Tyutchev’s portrayal becomes a “painful joy”. Love is bright and
grace turns into torment of “fate with a terrible sentence” “and
undeserved shame..." The fate of a woman who gave herself up to passion can be traced in
the story of the lyrical heroine of the Denisevsky Cycle.
“The crowd surged in and trampled into the mud / That which was blooming in her soul.” “we love murderously...”, “or rather we destroy”, “we have scorched everything, burned out our tears” - this is the poet’s dictionary of love vocabulary
Fate's terrible sentence Your love was for her And undeserved shame She laid down her life!
A life of renunciation, a life of suffering!
In her soul's depths
She was left with memories...
But they also changed.
And on earth she felt wild, The charm is gone... The crowd surged and trampled into the mud What was blooming in her soul.
And what about the long torment? How did she manage to save the ashes? Pain, the evil pain of bitterness, Pain without joy and without tears!
Oh, how murderously we love! We are most likely to destroy, What is dearer to our hearts!…( 1851)
Oh, how murderously we love, As in the violent blindness of passions We are most likely to destroy, What is dear to our hearts! How long ago, proud of my victory, You said: she is mine... A year has not passed - ask and find out, What was left of her?
Where did the roses go?
The smile of the lips and the sparkle of the eyes?
Everything was scorched, tears burned out
With its hot moisture.
Do you remember, when we met, At the first fatal meeting, Her magical gaze and speech, And baby-like laughter?
So what now? And where is all this? And how long was the dream? Alas, like northern summer, He was a passing guest!
"The crowd came in, the crowd broke in..."
What did you pray with love,
What she took care of like a shrine,
The fate of human nonsense
She betrayed her to reproach.
The crowd came in, the crowd broke in
In the sanctuary of your soul,
And you involuntarily felt ashamed
And the secrets and sacrifices available to her.
Oh, if only there were living wings
Souls hovering above the crowd
She was saved from violence
Immortal: human vulgarity!
Between July 1850 and mid-1851
E.I. Denisyeva with her daughter Elena Tyutcheva. Photo 1862–1863
This amazing lyrical novel “in her declining years” to Elena Aleksandrovna Denisyeva lasted 14 years. And after the death of his beloved woman from consumption in 1864, Tyutchev continued to blame himself for her suffering, for failing to protect her from “human judgment.” “Everything in me is killed: thought, feelings, memory, everything does not heal,”
wrote F.I. Tyutchev to A.I. Georgievsky (to the husband of sister E. Deniseva)
Two faces of love...
In the spring of 1823 Tyutchev
fell in love with a very young girl
Amalia von Lerchenfeld.
I met you - and everything is gone
In the obsolete heart came to life;
I remembered the golden time -
And my heart felt so warm...
Like late autumn sometimes
There are days, there are times,
When suddenly it starts to feel like spring
And something will stir within us, -
So, all covered in perfume
Those years of spiritual fullness,
With a long-forgotten rapture
I look at the cute features...
Like after a century of separation,
I look at you as if in a dream, -
And now the sounds became louder,
Not silent in me...
There is more than one memory here,
Here life spoke again, -
And we have the same charm,
And that’s the same love in my soul!..
E.A. Denisyeva. Photo from the early 1860s
Oh, how murderously we love,
As in the violent blindness of passions
We are most likely to destroy,
What is dear to our hearts!
How long ago, proud of my victory,
You said: she is mine...
A year has not passed - ask and find out,
What was left of her?
Where did the roses go?
The smile of the lips and the sparkle of the eyes?
Everything was scorched, tears burned out
With its flammable moisture.
Amalia Krudener. Artist I. Shtilera. 1838
On April 1, 1873, in St. Petersburg, a seriously ill Tyutchev wrote to his daughter Daria in his own hand: “Yesterday I experienced a moment of burning excitement as a result of my meeting with Countess Adlerberg, my good Amalia Krudener, who wished to see me for the last time in this world and came to say goodbye to me. In her face, the past of my best years came to give me a farewell kiss.”
Romance "I Met You..."
Muranovo Estate Museum named after F.I. Tyutchev
The Muranovo Estate Museum named after F.I. Tyutchev is a unique monument of Russian culture of the 19th – early 20th centuries. From 1816 to 1918 Muranov was owned, successively replacing each other, by four families connected by family ties - the Engelhardts, the Boratynskys, the Putyats and the Tyutchevs. Each of them was involved in the literary life of Russia.
Office F.I. Tyutcheva
Only after the death of F.I. Tyutchev was this place destined to become a repository of his legacy. At various times, autographs, books, portraits, things of the poet and members of his family were brought here from St. Petersburg, Moscow and Ovstug, the Tyutchev family estate in the Oryol province
Muranovo Estate -
Museum-Reserve F.I. Tyutcheva
"An original, deep thinker..."
F.I. Tyutchev. Photo 1860–1861
Tyutchev was not only an original, deep thinker, not only an original, true artist-poet, but also one of the small number of bearers, even the movers, of our Russian national self-awareness.
I.S. Aksakov
The grave of Fyodor Ivanovich Tyutchev at the Novodevichy cemetery in St. Petersburg
Slide 1
Fyodor Ivanovich Tyutchev (1803-1873)
Slide 2
Fyodor Ivanovich Tyutchev was born on November 23, 1803 in the village of Ovstug, Bryansk district, Oryol province into a noble family. His father, Ivan Nikolaevich, a kind and gentle man by nature, first served in a guards regiment, then transferred to the civil service, where he received the rank of court councilor. The mother of the future poet, Ekaterina Lvovna (née Tolstaya), an intelligent woman, but as I.S. Aksakov wrote, “with a fantasy developed to the point of painfulness,” she was busy with housekeeping and raising her son.
Slide 3
Since 1813, F.I. Tyutchev’s home education was led by Semyon Egorovich Raich, a graduate of the Oryol Theological Seminary, an expert in ancient languages and ancient literature. It was he who instilled in the future poet a love of science and art and introduced him to literary creativity. Already at the age of 12, Tyutchev was translating odes of the Roman poet Horace, and at the age of 15 he was accepted into the “Society of Lovers of Russian Literature.” In the fall of 1819, Tyutchev became a student at the Faculty of Literature at Moscow University, from which he graduated in 1821 with a candidate's degree. During these years, he became close to future philosophers: the writer Vladimir Odoevsky, the literary critic Ivan Kireyevsky, the poet Dmitry Venevitinov.
S.E. Raich teacher F.I. Tyutcheva
Slide 4
In February 1822, F.I. Tyutchev was accepted into the service of the State Collegium of Foreign Affairs. Soon he received an invitation to the position of supernumerary employee of the Russian embassy in Bavaria and on June 11, 1822 he left for Munich. In 1839, Tyutchev made an unauthorized trip to Switzerland on personal business. For this offense he was dismissed from the diplomatic service and stripped of the title of chamberlain. For five years Tyutchev lived in Munich, without occupying any social position, and in 1844 he returned to Russia. He was reinstated in the Ministry of Foreign Affairs, returned the rank of chamberlain, and in 1848 was appointed senior censor at the ministry. Ten years later, Tyutchev became chairman of the Foreign Censorship Committee.
Slide 5
Munich creative period (1822-1844)
During his stay in Munich, F.I. Tyutchev became interested in German philosophy and poetry. Among his friends were the philosopher F. Schelling and the poet G. Heine. In 1836, he published 24 poems in Pushkin’s Sovremennik: “Vision” (1829), “Insomnia” (1829), “Spring Waters” (1830), “Cicero” (1830), “Autumn Evening” (1830) and Dr. F.I. Tyutchev was noticed in literary circles, but his name remained unknown to the general reader.
Munich 1830
Slide 6
Petersburg period of creativity (1844-1846)
According to contemporaries, F.I. Tyutchev was skeptical about his work and never dreamed of becoming a great poet. In 1850, N.A. Nekrasov published Tyutchev’s poems in his magazine, which had already been published earlier in Pushkin’s Sovremennik. Here also appeared an article by Nekrasov himself, “Russian minor poets,” in which he highly appreciated the work of F.I. Tyutchev: “The poems of Mr. Fyodor Tyutchev belong to the few brilliant phenomena in the field of Russian poetry.” The period of the late 1840s to the mid-1860s is the most fruitful in Tyutchev’s creative biography. At this time, the following poems were written: “Human Tears, O Human Tears...” (1849), “Poetry” (1850), “In the Primordial Autumn...” (1857), etc. In 1854, on the initiative of friends, his first was published poetry collection.
Slide 7
Last years (1864-1873)
In the last years of his life, Tyutchev wrote about fifty poems. The most famous among them: “On the eve of the anniversary of August 4, 1864” (1865), “Russia cannot be understood with the mind...” (1866), “It is not possible for us to predict...” (1869), “I met you late...” (1872) and others. In 1867, his second collection of poetry was published. It did not attract much attention from readers and critics. The poet himself called the book “unnecessary and very useless.” In 1872, Tyutchev’s health deteriorated sharply. On January 1, 1873, he suffered a stroke. On July 15, 1873, the poet passed away.
I.F.Alexandrovsky. Portrait of F.I. Tyutchev
