Presentation for elementary school: my universe. Is our Universe infinite? Extraterrestrial life forms
Zera Yakubova
Topic: “Our Universe.”
Theme “Our Universe”.
Target: introduce children to the concept of “ Universe” is a huge space that is filled with stars, planets, galaxies, and black holes. All these components interact and form a whole system - Universe.
Educational objectives:
1. Teach children to answer questions.
2. Find the right answer yourself.
3. Give an idea of the Sun as the brightest star.
4. Introduce children to planet Earth.
5. Learn to carry out experimental work.
Developmental tasks:
1. Develop children's speech.
2. Develop skills in learning activities.
Educational tasks:
1. Foster love for planet Earth.
Material: planar image of the Sun and Earth; yellow circles with a diameter of 5 cm for each child; night sky map; flashlight; Sunglasses; candle; tennis ball; globe.
Progress of the lesson:
A flat image of the sun hangs on the board.
Educator: What do you see on the board?
Children: This is the sun.
Educator: Why do they say “You can’t catch the sun in a bag”?
(children's answers)
Educator: What is the sun?
Children: This is a hot ball.
Educator: Where do we see the sun?
Children: We see the sun in the sky.
Educator: At what part of the day can we see the sun?
Children: We see the sun during the day.
Educator: Where is the sun at night? At night the sun shines on the other side of the planet.
Educator: What else happens in the sky?
Children: There is still the Moon and stars in the sky.
Educator: When do we see the Moon and stars?
Children: We see them at night.
Educator: Why don’t we see them during the day? Because the light of the sun is much stronger and the light of the stars is not visible.
Educator: You answered everything correctly. The Sun is a big, big, simply huge star that is far from us. But the sun is not the only star in the sky. Here's a look at the star map. See how many stars there are on it. But the brightest star is the Sun. Because other stars are even further away from us than the sun.
(look at the star map)
Educator: Look, I have a flashlight. Come closer to me, I will turn on the flashlight. What kind of light does the flashlight have - bright or not?
(children's answers)
Educator: Now move further away, to the very end of the group and see what kind of light there will be from our flashlight.
(the children move away and notice that the light of the flashlight is almost invisible)
Educator: So the light of the stars is not visible during the day, because the sunlight is very bright.
A flat image of the Earth is hung on the board and a globe is inserted.
Educator: Children, what do you think this is?
Children: This our Earth.
Educator: Right. Our Planet Earth is a huge, enormous ball. So big that it takes many, many days, even months, to travel around it. Think and tell me why our Earth is blue?
(children's answers)
Educator: It was difficult for you to guess. I'll give you a hint. There is a lot of water on our Earth. It was she who gave this color to our planet.
Educator: The earth rotates around the sun and at the same time around itself. As a result of this, seasons and parts of the day change on Earth.
Let's do an experiment with a globe and a candle. We determine where it will be day and where it will be night.
Light a real candle. This is the Sun. We rotate a tennis ball around the candle. This is a model of the Earth. We determine which side will be winter, which side will be summer, which side will be autumn and spring.
We draw the attention of children to the fact that when the rays from the “sun” fall directly, then it is warm on Earth, and it is summer. If the sun's rays fall at an angle, then it is autumn or spring on Earth. The further we move the ball from the candle, the less light falls on it.
Children perform the experiment themselves under the supervision of a teacher.
Physical education minute
Children stand in a circle. The teacher stands in the center. Children depict planet Earth. The teacher is the sun. Children turn around themselves and spin in a circle. At the teacher's signal, the children stop. Educator asks: “Who is it summer now?”, “Who is it day now?”, “Who is it night now?”, “Who is it winter now?”.
Children determine their position in relation to the teacher and answer the question.
Educator: Guys, you said that the sun is a hot ball. Why did you decide so? How can you prove this?
Children: When the sun is shining, it is warm outside.
Educator: Go to the window and see how beautiful, bright the sun is today.
(children squint, it’s difficult for them to look at the sun)
Educator: So we proved it. The sun is so hot that it is impossible to look at it without special instruments. What do you need to have to look at the sun?
Children: You can wear sunglasses.
Educator: That's right, but you can look through a special telescope, you can just look into colored, dark glass.
(children put on glasses and look at the sun)
Educator: What do we get from the sun?
Children: We receive light and heat from the sun.
Educator: What would happen if there was no sun?
(children's answers)
Educator: If there were no sun, then there would always be night on Earth. Trees would not grow because they cannot grow without light. Only those animals, birds and insects that live without light would live on Earth. A person would build closed cities, where there would be only artificial lighting. Without the sun it would be very bad for everyone.
Educator: Guess the riddle.
The field is not measured (sky)
Sheep are not counted (stars)
And the shepherd is horned (month)
Educator: Why is the sky compared to a field?
Children: Because it's as big as a field.
Educator: Why are stars compared to sheep?
Children: Because there are as many of them as there are white sheep that are scattered throughout the field.
Educator: Why is the month compared to a shepherd, and a horned one at that? There is always one shepherd, and there is only one month in heaven. When the month is not full, it seems that it has horns.
Educator: Guys, if you were offered to fly from planet Earth to another planet now, would you agree?
Children: We wouldn’t leave anywhere, because our home is on Earth. Our family and friends live here.
Educator: You did a good job today, and the sun is giving you little sunshine.
Publications on the topic:
The theater is from the hanger, the kindergarten is from the gate, and we begin our lives from the reception! I would like to introduce YOU, dear colleagues, to our reception. She is at.
Collective work of children from the preparatory school group "Our Universe". Participants in the work: teacher, children, parents. Goal: formation.
Abstract of the GCD for children of the preparatory school group “Space. Stars. Universe." Abstract of the GCD for children of the preparatory school group “Space. Stars. Universe." Integration of educational areas: “Speech development”,.
Notes on the OO “Cognition” “The world around us” for children of middle preschool age (4–5 years old) Topic: “Our Motherland. Ulyanovsk" Notes on the NGO “Cognition” “The World around us” Topic: “Our Motherland. Ulyanovsk" for children of middle preschool age (4-5 years old) Programmatic.
“Cosmic Life” - Belka and Strelka. Yuri Alekseyevich Gagarin. Solar system. FIRST WOMAN COSMONAUT Valentina Tereshkova. The first man on the moon. Baikonur Cosmodrome. The work was completed by Victoria Akishina, 2nd grade “A” student of State Budget Educational Institution Gymnasium No. 1597. Our Universe. Spaceship "VOSTOK". The first Soviet cosmonauts.
"Space Research" - Space Education. Preparation of the program for the International Geophysical Year IGY’1957. Continuous global observations are needed to study and predict “space weather.” The period of active existence is at least 2 years. As a result of an ordinary breakdown in a strong electric field, the resulting high-energy electrons escape.
“Game about space” - 500. “Vostok – 7”. In what year did the first manned space flight take place? 1200. 400. Bug. Game over Your score: 0. “Sunrise”. Who was the first person to fly into space? 100. Game over Your score: 800. Geese. "Children of the Galaxy" 600. Yu. Gagarin.
“Conquest of Space” - Conquest of Space. On April 12, 1961, the Vostok spacecraft rose to an altitude of 327 km. A monument was erected at the landing site of Yuri Gagarin. Cosmonaut No. 2. First flight to space. Gymnasium 42. Fly like birds! Alexey Leonov was the first to go into outer space. The first aircraft designers. Our fellow countryman German Titov was the second to fly into space.
“The problem of space exploration” - Space debris is dangerous not only for astronauts and space technology, but also for earthlings. Moreover, a distinction is made between observable and unobservable space debris, the amount of which is unknown. Problems of global space exploration. Therefore, space exploration has become one of the most important international and global problems.
“The History of Space” - We were faced with the difficult task of embracing the immensity. S.P. Korolev. With a diameter of 580 mm, the mass of the first satellite was 83.6 kg. Therefore, in our creative work we limited ourselves to studying the development of astronautics in Russia. In 1947 he graduated from the Mariinsky Posad Forestry Technical School. Tsiolkovsky developed the theory of jet propulsion, the basis of modern rocket and space technology.
There are a total of 38 presentations in the topic
1 slide
Is our Universe infinite? Prepared by student 11-A SZSh No. 80 Gerasimenko Karina
2 slide
OBVIOUS ARGUMENTS ARE PROVIDED BY SCIENTISTS: Photometric paradox. If our Universe were infinite, and there were an unlimited number of stars in it, then on any line of our vision there would be a luminous star, and the sky would be unimaginably bright and completely dotted with stars. However, we do not observe this because the number of stars and galaxies in the Universe is limited and can be counted.
3 slide
Gravitational paradox. If there were an infinite number of cosmic objects in our Universe, then the force of gravity would become so great that any movement of material bodies in the Universe would simply be impossible.
4 slide
Radioactive decay of matter. All chemical elements that make up a substance are radioactive to one degree or another and are subject to radioactive decay or annihilation. If the Universe existed for an infinitely long time, then within an eternity all matter would have annihilated long ago.
5 slide
Thermal paradox. Everywhere in the Universe, the law of entropy prevails, according to which energy or heat from hotter bodies moves to colder bodies until thermal equilibrium is established between them. This energy balance, if the Universe were eternal in time, would have been established long ago, but this does not happen and does not exist.
6 slide
Expansion of the Universe. The structure of the Universe is constantly expanding at an acceleration of 1/3 of its radius in about a million years. Its most distant galaxies are moving away from us at a speed of 150,000 kilometers per second. If this rate of expansion of the Universe is started in the opposite direction, then after about 14 billion years all the matter of the Universe will gather at one point. Consequently, our Universe arose approximately at that distant time, 13.7 billion years ago, as evidenced by the trace of the Big Bang - relict radiation.
7 slide
8 slide
However, scientists admit: If the Universe is infinite, then from a mathematical point of view it turns out that somewhere there is an exact copy of our planet, since there is a possibility that the atoms of the “double” occupy the same position as on our planet. The chances that such an option exists are negligible, but in an infinite Universe this is not only possible, but also must happen, and at least an infinite number of times, provided that the Universe is still infinitely infinite.
Slide 9
However, not everyone is sure that the Universe is infinite. Israeli mathematician, Professor Doron Selberger, is convinced that numbers cannot increase indefinitely, and there is a number so huge that if you add one to it, you get zero. However, this number and its meaning are far beyond human understanding and it is likely that this number will never be found or proven. This belief is the central tenet of the mathematical philosophy known as Ultra-Infinity.
All about the Universe
Astronomy page
Question: What is the Universe? The Universe is outer space filled with celestial bodies, gas and dust
This is interesting. The Universe is so huge that it is impossible to comprehend its size. Let's talk about the Universe: the part of it that is visible to us extends over 1.6 million million million million km - and no one knows how large it is beyond the visible. According to the most popular theory, 13 billion years ago it was born as a result of a giant explosion. Time, space, energy, matter - all this arose as a result of this phenomenal explosion. It’s pointless to say what happened before the so-called “big bang”, there was nothing before it
Historical page
Ancient Egyptians. Ancient Babylonians. Ancient Indians. Ancient people's idea of the universe
Connect the models of the Universe and their creators with lines.
Continuers of the idea of Copernicus Giordano Bruno Galileo Galilei
Literary page “Solar System”
This yellow star always warms us, illuminates all planets, and protects us from other stars.
Six sons and two daughters are running around the light, Years and days will flash by, But they will not meet.
The tiny planet is warmed by the First Sun, and is agile - the year on it is Eighty-eight days.
Only the Sun and Moon in the sky are brighter than her. And there is no hot planet in the solar system.
There are miracles on the planet: Oceans and forests, Oxygen is in the atmosphere, People and animals breathe it.
Kamenyuki Fear and Horror are circling over the red planet. There is no mountain anywhere in the world Higher than on that planet.
A heavyweight giant Throws lightning from the sky, He is striped like a cat, It’s a pity he’s losing weight little by little.
Lush gas giant Brother of Jupiter and dandy He loves to have Rings of ice and dust nearby.
He has been a Greek among his Roman brothers for many centuries, And rushes through the cosmos of melancholy, lying on his side.
On the planet blue, the wind is blowing very strong. The year on it is very long - winter lasts 40 years.
It takes five hours for the light to reach that planet, and therefore it is not visible in telescopes.
Map of the Solar System (compiled by Petya) Pluto Mercury Neptune Uranus Mars Venus Earth Saturn Jupiter
Cosmic physical exercise: Cosmic physical exercise
Astronomy page
Asteroids
Meteorites
THINK! Specify our Galaxy
Geographic page
Infinite:_________ Our Galaxy ____________________ Solar system Planet _____________ Continent _____________ ______________ region District _______________ District _______________ Village ________________ Infinite Universe and our address in it:
Infinite: Universe Our Galaxy Milky Way Solar System Planet Earth Continent Eurasia Tyumen Region Yamalo-Nenets Autonomous Okrug District Priuralsky Village Katrovozh Infinite Universe and our address in it.
Municipal state educational institution
"Secondary school No. 85" named after. N.D. Pakhotishcheva
city of Taishet, Irkutsk region
Natural history lesson notes
in 5th grade
" Universe "
prepared
biology teacher
Kudenko Svetlana Anatolevna
Tayshet
2013
Abstract
Open lesson on the subject “Natural history”
Theme: Universe
LESSON TOPIC: Universe.
TYPE OF LESSON : Generalization and systematization of knowledge.
FORMED AND DEVELOPED CONCEPTS:
The Universe, the Solar System, its composition; The sun is a star, planet Earth, its position in the solar system, planets of the solar system, asteroids, comets, meteors, meteorites.
LESSON OBJECTIVES (training, developmental, educational):
Systematize and generalize students’ ideas about the structure of the Universe, the Solar system, the starry sky and constellations.
Begin to develop knowledge generalization skills: teach children to use a plan and compare the objects being studied.
Create a situation in the lesson that promotes the development of the ability to follow the progress of a general conversation, participate in a common cause, and the ability to provide and accept help to each other.
Developmental tasks are implemented based on the implementation of the creative system e Russian tasks of a differentiated nature such as “Connect with lines.”
Develop students' creative understanding of the learning process
Strengthen knowledge and pronunciation skills of terminology on the topic of the Universe.
METHODOLOGICAL AND TECHNOLOGICAL TECHNIQUES:
1. Drawing up a model of the Solar System (the task helps to remember the order of the planets in the Solar System, teaches the use of mnemonic techniques to facilitate memorization);
2. Teaching the ability to compare concepts;
3. Training in the ability to work according to plan;
4. Organization of knowledge testing using tasks with a selective response.
LESSON EQUIPMENT:
· Slides with images of the starry sky. Sun and planets of the solar system
· Sets of cards with questions and answers to test your knowledge.
· Plates: Stars and Planets.
DICTIONARY:
UNIVERSE
ASTEROIDS These are small planets.
METEORS - These are flashes of light that occur when particles of cosmic dust burn in the earth's atmosphere.
METEORITES - these are cosmic bodies that fell to earth.
STARS - These are giant flaming balls located very far from our planet.
CONSTELLATIONS - These are areas of the starry sky.
Topic summary plan:
1. What is the Universe?
2. Celestial bodies.
3. Stars. Star Sun:
A. Sizes, color,
b. Temperature,
4. Planets. Planet Earth:
A. Place in the solar system
b. Shape and dimensions.
V. Surface
We're going on a journey through the universe today. In order to move on to the next stage of the journey you must complete tasks.
During the classes : image of the universe on the computer
Front work:
Introducing the plan, talking about the plan.
Today we will go on a journey through the Universe, but for this we need a spacesuit. Let's sew it! The solution of the problem.
SLIDE No. 1 – TASK.
1. What is the Universe?
UNIVERSE - this is outer space and everything that fills it: celestial bodies, gas, dust.
2. Name the celestial bodies.
3. Brainstorm: what do the numbers say?: 15 million degrees, 88, 54, 16, 30, 18, 8.
SLIDE No. 2 - NUMBERS.
15 million degrees is the temperature inside the Sun.
88 – the starry sky is divided into constellations.
54 – you can see constellations on the territory of our country.
16 – satellites of Jupiter.
Saturn has 30 satellites.
Uranus has 18 satellites.
Neptune has 8 satellites.
4. Planets of the Solar System.SLIDE No. 3 PLANETS OF THE SOLAR SYSTEM.
What two groups are planets divided into (TERRESTRIAL PLANETS, GIANT PLANETS)
List the terrestrial planets.
SLIDE No. 4 COLOR SENSATION OF PLANETS
Planet Mars, what color is it associated with (the guys hold up a colored tablet, what sensations does this color evoke)
Planet Earth …
5. Mark which of the following features are suitable for terrestrial planets: (work with cards) No. 1
Small sizes
Gigantic sizes
Many satellites
Few or no satellites
EXAMINATION SLIDE No. 5 TERRESTRIAL PLANETS.
Questions: 1. Which planets, besides Earth, have an atmosphere? (Venus, Mars.)
2. What is the main difference between planet Earth and other planets?
4. The planet closest to the Sun (Mercury)
6. Which planet of this group has the densest atmosphere (Venus)
7. Which planets of this group have satellites (Earth, Mars)
6. Choose the giant planets (cross out the extra ones): card No. 2
7. Mark which of the following features relate to the giant planets: (work with cards) No. 3
Great distance from the Sun
Small sizes
Many satellites
Gigantic sizes
A short distance from the Sun
Availability of rings
Few or no satellites
EXAMINATION SLIDE No. 6 GIANT PLANETS
QUESTIONS : characteristics of planets.
1. Jupiter
The largest planet, named after the main Roman god, the king of the gods. Jupiter has 16 satellites. A giant, rapidly spinning ball, its atmosphere contains long layers of clouds that give it a striped appearance.
2. Saturn
Named after the god of agriculture. This is the most unusual planet in appearance. It is surrounded by bright rings and has a record number of satellites - 30.
3. Uranus
It received its name in honor of the god who personified the sky. Became the first planet discovered using a telescope. 18 satellites.
4. Neptune
Named after the god of the sea. At first, its location was calculated by scientists and only then discovered using a telescope in 1846. 8 satellites.
8. Number the planets in order of their distance from the Sun. (card number 4)
Pluto
Mercury
Saturn
Mars
Uranus
Earth
Jupiter
Neptune
Venus
SLIDE No. 7 – ORDER OF THE PLANETS
Define1. what is an asteroid?
2. ----------- meteor?
3. ----------- meteorite?
4. In what part of the solar system do most asteroids move?
9. Connect 2 people with lines (work with card No. 5)
Epidemics, famine, wars. Asteroids
Which leaves a large crater. Comets
Orbit the Sun. Meteora
They think they are shooting stars. Meteorites
10. What are stars? Constellations?
In a frontal conversation, and then in individual responses, children list the signs of stars.
Sun yellow star (guys' color sense)
11. Finish drawing up the diagram (working with card No. 6)
Stars
12. The sun is the closest star to us.
SLIDE No. 9 SUN
Characteristics of the Sun.
Slide number 10 questions
Teacher Questions:
1. Ball-shaped.
2. Source of light and heat.
3. Does not emit its own light.
4. Planet.
5. Hot celestial body.
6. Located in the center of the solar system.
7. Rotates around its axis.
8. Moves around the center of the solar system
9. There is a change of seasons here.
10. Star.
11. Here the change of day and night occurs.
And now we are returning from the infinite Universe to our home planet.
Let's fantasize, we are workersdesign bureau.You need to assemble an alien from a set of geometric shapes. (1 student at the blackboard).
Ø Summing up the lesson. The guys comment on the lesson plan:
1. Lesson topic. (Universe).
2. Objective of the lesson. (Summarize knowledge on the topic).
5. What did you learn in the lesson?
6. What did you like most?
7. What grades did you receive?
Ø Homework:
Prepare to retell texts about stars and planets.
- write a fairy tale about the planet.
- come up with a name for an unknown star (cut out this star)
- write a story about an encounter with aliens.
Bibliography:
1. Theiler R. Structure and evolution of stars. M., 2003.
2. Kaplan S. A. Physics of stars. M., 1996.
3. Shklovsky I. S. Stars. Their birth, life and death. M., 2004.
4. Surdin V. G. Lamzin S. A. Protostars. Where, how and from what stars are formed. , 2000.
5. Spitzer L. Space between stars. M., 1996.
6. Kononovich E.V., Moroz. I. General course of astronomy. M. 2006.
7. Baide V. Origin and evolution of stars and galaxies. M.: Mir, 2006.
8. Vorontsov - Velyaminov B. A. Extragalactic astronomy. M.: Nauka, 2004.
9. Marochnik L. S., Suchkov A. A. Galaxy. M.: Nauka, 2004.
10. Hodge P. Galaxies. M.: Nauka, 2007.
Preview:
Card No. 1
Check which of the following features are appropriate for terrestrial planets:
Great distance from the Sun
Small sizes
Gigantic sizes
A short distance from the Sun
Many satellites
Few or no satellites
Card No. 2
Select the giant planets (cross out the ones that don't belong):
Mercury, Jupiter, Venus, Earth, Mars, Saturn, Uranus, Neptune.
Card No. 3
Mark which of the following features relate to giant planets:
Great distance from the Sun
Small sizes
Many satellites
Gigantic sizes
A short distance from the Sun
Availability of rings
Few or no satellites
No hard surfaces
Card No. 4
number the planets in order of their distance from the Sun.
Pluto
Mercury
Saturn
Mars
Uranus
Earth
Jupiter
Neptune
Venus
Card No. 5
Connect with lines
This natural phenomenon has long inspired
People feared, was considered a harbinger
Epidemics, famine, wars. Asteroids
The largest of these celestial bodies, falling
To Earth, cause a strong explosion, after
Which leaves a large crater. Comets
More than 5 thousand of these celestial
Tel. They are small, irregular in shape,
Orbit the Sun. Meteora
On a clear, dark night, up to 6 times per hour
Observe this phenomenon in the sky. Many people
They think they are shooting stars. Meteorites.
Card No. 6
Stars
Supergiants ___________ _____________
Preview:
Order of the planets
giant planets
Sun The temperature inside the Sun is 15 million degrees. Temperature outside 6000 degrees
The mass of the Sun is 750 times greater than the mass of all bodies in the solar system
Spherical shape Source of light and heat Does not emit its own light Planet Hot celestial body Located in the center of the Solar system Rotates around its axis Moves around the center of the Solar system
