The life and victories of the quiet genius of Perelman. What Grigory Perelman actually taught us How old is Perelman Grigory
Awesome mathematician
Basil 11.02.2010 12:12:15
An amazing mathematician, an amazing scientist.
After reading the information from the biography of Grigory Perelman, the opinion of journalists, I think that this is a genius from God. And his behavior is similar to that of a free person. And the fact that in our science there are a lot of people who are envious, deceitful, fighting for a place in the sun, but there is not enough brains, so they spread rot with all open and hidden methods of those who are really able to think, think and move forward. I know this from the example of a friend of my family, a recently buried physics professor.
Perelman Grigory Yakovlevich
Valera 15.06.2010 08:12:04
Well done!!! WHAT IS MONEY? There is a rod! And we need children. Nobody will come to the grave.
Perelman
Norica 03.07.2010 03:50:48
It's so good that people like Perelman live on Earth. A man who lives not by the problem of making money or a vacation on some islands, but an almost mythical unmercenary. In comparison with him, you feel the worthlessness of your existence, and this is already a cry from the heart. Maybe For this, Grigory Yakovlevich was born of God. And mathematics is secondary. Perelman is not just a genius, he is a wonderful man!
Let’s still weave Wang here?
Sasha 27.04.2014 08:48:47
The situation is quite beneficial for Putin and Obama and the entire European brotherhood. Everyone has problems within the countries, and so the people are distracted by swearing with each other, not realizing that by doing so they are playing into the hands of the managers themselves. So I think this time the Jews have nothing to do with it, but the people are stupid if they are led to such exclamations, not understanding how it all works.
Oleg 27.04.2014 06:37:29
In the situation between Ukraine and Russia, Jews are visible, they decided to obviously attack the Slavs, and to feed Russia with oranges, with such a size and problems I want to add more, I think Russia hardly wants to, maybe Jewish autonomy and Israel want this? The reasons for this behavior are not clear, maybe the state of religion , there are no priests and no reason either.
DEATH to computer games!
historian 15.10.2014 03:14:09
All ALL consider the living SICK poor wretch MONSTER, maybe a kind monster, from a computer game.
Apparently the Internet is only for young geniuses who no longer distinguish between life and play.
And if the patient runs naked along the Nevsky, will we also admire?
The strangest thing is, where are the scientific communities? Why do living Academics, countless Institutes + Departments with live managers not take care of their SICK colleague, who is not able to independently fight for a place in the sun?
Thousands of volunteers are fighting for something in the distant Donbass - why no one in 5 million Leningrad can help a sick fellow countryman?
IT'S so cool - a beggar patient does not want to improve his life for himself, for MOTHER, for his relatives ...
There would be more such patients - the world would become cleaner
fil38 01.12.2014 06:05:53
Foolish people call Perelman the Sick. The problem of Diagnosis as such boils down to the fact that one must have a starting point, one must understand what the norm is. Do you think that the two largest psychiatric schools - Moscow and St. Petersburg - cannot agree among themselves that there is schizophrenia - is it just that, an accident?
This is the trouble with our system, that Finished Corpses in professorial uniforms and regalia, riding on geldings and Lincolns, are considered the model of the Scientist, and Perelman is recorded as a patient.
For me, perelmans are the Norm, and the official figures from Science are just an ordinary ballast, Those who, according to the well-known formula, first of all love themselves in science, and not Science in themselves !!!
Well, now, having estimated the distance from Perelman to a full-time professor, you will easily understand what a deep * hell our Russian science is in and you will understand why the New Alexandrovs, Tams, Landau and Wieners, the Russian spill, do not appear.
Sad, gentlemen, sad ...
The brilliant mathematician Grigory Perelman shocked the scientific world by proving Poincaré's hypothesis - one of the most complex mysteries of the millennium. And the townsfolk were surprised by the refusal of a poor scientist from the prescribed premium of a million dollars. Gradually, the genius himself and his reclusive lifestyle became a mystery, comparable in complexity to the proven theorem.
Childhood and youth
Grigory Yakovlevich leads a secretive lifestyle. The facts of childhood, adolescence and personal life of the scientist are known from the words of neighbors, school teachers and classmates, colleagues who worked together with the mathematician.
Perelman was born on June 13, 1966 in Leningrad. The surname of the brilliant mathematician speaks for itself about nationality. From childhood, the Jewish boy showed incredible abilities and interest in learning. At a time when peers were playing the ball in the yard, little Grisha preferred to read books and play chess.
Contrary to popular belief, Yakov Isidorovich Perelman, a famous scientist, author of books and popularizer of sciences, is not a relative of Grigory Yakovlevich.
Gregory's father is an electrical engineer. In 1993, Perelman Sr. immigrated to his historical homeland in Israel, like thousands of his compatriots in the 90s. The mother of the future outstanding mathematician stayed with the children in Leningrad, taught mathematics at the school.
Grigory Yakovlevich has a younger sister who has built a scientific career. After receiving a degree in mathematics at St. Petersburg University, the woman later left for Sweden. Since 2007 he has been working as a programmer in Stockholm.
By the time the boy went to school, he significantly surpassed his classmates in knowledge, easily counted three-digit numbers in his mind. Perelman's teachers recall that the student conducted conversations on an equal footing with adults.
The magic of logic and numbers attracted Grigory Yakovlevich. From the 5th grade, the boy attended the math center at the Palace of Pioneers. The mentor of the young prodigies was an associate professor at the Sergei Rukshin Pedagogical University. Young Grisha received awards for participating in the Olympiads, including the highest score at the International Mathematical Olympiad.
After graduating from a nine-year school in an ordinary Leningrad school, the graduate moved to a specialized physics and mathematics school No. 239. Without a doubt, the hardworking and talented Perelman studied perfectly. Failed physical training. Failure to pass the TRP standards prevented the graduate from receiving a gold medal.
It is not surprising that after school, Grigory was admitted to the Faculty of Mathematics and Mechanics at the Leningrad State University without entrance exams. At the university, Perelman continued to shine at the Olympiads, and received the Lenin Prize for excellent learning outcomes.
The science
After graduation, postgraduate studies followed, then doctoral defense. As a result, the gifted scientist stayed to work at the university that had become his hometown as a senior researcher.
In the early 90s, the talented scientist went to the United States, where he visited several universities as part of the exchange of experience. In the United States, the mathematician lectured and met with colleagues. Soon the ascetic Perelman got bored with America, and the scientist returned to his homeland.
Having resumed work at the Leningrad university, the mathematician begins to work hard on the mystery of the millennium, which the ingenious scientists of the century were unable to solve. It is worth noting that Perelman's fascination with topology had begun a few years earlier. Earlier, the mathematician was able to prove the hypothesis of the soul, which preceded the study of the Poincaré hypothesis.
The meaning of the proof of the hypothesis, however, like the very essence, cannot be described simple language understandable for a person who is far from higher mathematics. The discoveries made by the mathematician are of great importance in the study of the Universe, in the work with nanotechnology.
In addition, the hypothesis states that the peculiarity of the shape of the Universe leads to the fact that it can be pulled into one point. This, in turn, indirectly confirms the Big Bang theory. Supporters of the theological origin of the Universe have received reason to doubt about God as the creator of all things. Poincaré's hypothesis proves that there is no God.
In 2002-2003, Perelman published articles that reveal the essence of the evidence. Three independent groups of mathematicians, having verified the arguments, confirmed the complete proof.
In 2003, Perelman visited the United States, lectured on his own discovery, and shared his experience with his compatriots. And in 2005, the scientist unexpectedly leaves the department and locks himself in an apartment in Kupchino, where he lives with his sick mother.
Personal life
The reclusive lifestyle leaves hundreds of questions. The main one that interests journalists and citizens is the reason why Grigory Perelman refused the money that rightfully belongs to him. It is about the Clay Institute Prize. The Mathematical Institute has compiled a list of seven riddles that are eligible for a million dollar reward. Poincaré's hypothesis was included in this list.
Of course, having learned about the discovery of a Russian scientist, the founders immediately turned to the scientist. Imagine the general surprise when the mathematician refused a million dollars without explaining the reasons.
Soon, Grigory Yakovlevich stopped communicating with the press altogether. He simply ignores Russian journalists, and refuses to give interviews to foreign ones. News of such behavior of the scientist led to rumors about Perelman's illness. The genius was claimed to be autistic. However, reliable confirmation or conclusions of doctors have not yet been made public.
It is known that the scientist lives with his mother, who is seriously ill. The mathematician has no wife. According to the stories of the teacher Grigory Yakovlevich, who maintains a relationship with him, the mother and son live in poverty.
In 2018, information appeared that the mathematician had moved to Sweden. However, sources in the person of neighbors and shop assistants denied the rumors and confirmed that Perelman had not gone anywhere.
- While working in the States, the scientist surprised his foreign colleagues with his simplicity and detachment from everyday needs. The mathematician's favorite food was cheese sandwiches, which Grigory Yakovlevich drank with kefir or milk. Restaurants and an abundance of grocery stores did not interest the "strange Russian".
- As a child, Grigory was fond of music. Mother instilled in her son the adoration of classical composers. She, being a talented violinist, introduced Grisha to the instrument. Perelman attended a music school with pleasure, and then he faced a difficult choice - to enter the conservatory or to devote himself to the exact sciences.
- Conspiracy theorists have said that Perelman is the most influential person on earth because he knows how to rule the universe. Of course, such a person did not escape the attention of the secret services, and communication with others is prohibited for the scientist.
Quotes
I know how to run the universe. And tell me - why should I run after a million?
The whole world is permeated by emptiness, and it obeys formulas - this gives us limitless possibilities.
If you can train your arms and legs, why can't you train your brain?
There is, perhaps, no unsolvable problem. Difficult to solve. That's more accurate.
Remember the biblical legend about how Jesus Christ walked on water, like dry land? So I had to calculate how fast he had to move through the waters so as not to fall through.
Awards and prizes
- 1991 - Prize "Young Mathematician" of the St. Petersburg Mathematical Society
- 1996 - Prize of the European Mathematical Society for Young Mathematicians
- 2006 - Fields Medal Award
- 2010 - Clay Mathematical Institute Prize
After leaving school, without exams, he was enrolled in the Faculty of Mathematics and Mechanics of Leningrad state university(now St. Petersburg State University). During his student years, Perelman repeatedly won mathematical Olympiads. After graduating with honors from the university, he entered graduate school at the Leningrad Department of the Mathematical Institute. V.A. Steklov (since 1992 - St. Petersburg Department of the Mathematical Institute).
In 1990 he defended his Ph.D. thesis and was left at the institute as a senior researcher.
In 1992, the scientist received an invitation to read a course of lectures at New York University and Stony Brook University, and then worked for some time at the University of Berkeley (USA). While in the United States, Perelman worked as a research assistant at American universities.
In 1996 he returned to St. Petersburg, where he worked at the St. Petersburg branch of the Mathematical Institute until December 2005.
In the period from November 2002 to July 2003, Perelman wrote three articles in which he revealed the solution to one of the special cases of William Thurston's geometrization conjecture, from which the validity of Poincaré's conjecture follows. The method for studying the Ricci flow described by Perelman was called the Hamilton-Perelman theory, since the American mathematician Richard Hamilton was the first to study it.
Poincaré's hypothesis was formulated by the French mathematician Henri Poincaré in 1904 and is the central problem of topology, the science of the geometric properties of bodies that do not change when a body is stretched, twisted or compressed. Poincaré's theorem was considered one of the unsolvable mathematical problems.
The mathematician is known for being categorical and speaking in public.
According to media reports, in 2014, Grigory Perelman received a Swedish visa for 10 years and moved to Sweden, where a local private research firm offered him a high-paying job. However, later it was reported that he lives in St. Petersburg, and visits Sweden as needed.
In 2011, she published about the life and deeds of the Russian scientist Grigory Perelman.
Grigory Yakovlevich Perelman was born on 06/13/1966 in Leningrad (now St. Petersburg) in the family of a mathematics teacher and an electrical engineer. From early childhood, Perelman became interested not only in mathematics, but also in music. His mother, Lyubov Leibovna, plays the violin beautifully, it is thanks to her that the genius mathematician has retained his love for classical music to this day. My father taught me how to play chess and donated "Entertaining Physics", which was popular in the last century.
A talented child up to grade 9 studied in an ordinary Leningrad high school located away from the city center. However, already in the 5th grade, he actively attends the Mathematical Center, the head of which was S. Rukshin, associate professor of the Russian State Pedagogical University.
The first victory was won at the International School Mathematics Olympiad in Hungary. The only award in his life, which Perelman did not refuse, is a gold medal, which he was presented with in Budapest. After the 9th grade, G. Perelman studied at the 239th Leningrad Physics and Mathematics School. In parallel, I went to a music school. The gold medal at the end of high school was not received, since the not very athletic young man failed to pass the TRP standards. Today the lyceum has an unprecedented competition - up to ten people per place.
He received his higher education at the Faculty of Mathematics and Mechanics of Leningrad State University, where he was admitted without any exams. During the whole time he had an increased scholarship to them. V.I. Lenin. He graduated from the university with honors, and Perelman enters graduate school under the direction of. AD Aleksandrov at LOMI, and later POMI them. V. A. Steklov. After defending his thesis for a candidate's degree (1990), he remains at his own university as a senior research fellow.
At the dawn of the 90s G. Ya. Perelman worked as a research assistant in several higher educational institutions in America - New York and Stony Brook. Since 1993, an internship for two years in the same place where he writes a number of scientific works... In 1994 he speaks at the Zurich IMC Congress. He was offered a job at Stanford, Tel Aviv, etc. Unpretentious and simple in everyday life, the Russian scientist amazed his American friends in science with his modesty, eating mostly bread and cheese and washing them down with milk.
In 1996 Perelman was awarded the Prize of the European Society for Young Mathematicians. The scientist does not accept it. In November 2002, Perelman blows the minds of all mathematicians in the world. He publishes not somewhere in a reputable scientific journal, but directly on the Internet, his conclusions on the Poincaré hypothesis. Despite the lack of clear references and its brevity, the publication excited many. In 2003, Perelman lectures US students and scientists about his work. Upon returning to St. Petersburg, the scientist stops all communication with former colleagues.
In 2005, Perelman stopped visiting his place of work, as they say, of his own free will, and in 2006, the proof of the St. Petersburg resident was recognized as the scientific breakthrough of the year, which happened for the first time in relation to the "gymnastics of the mind". Recall that the hypothesis about the probable forms of the Universe was put forward by a French mathematician a century ago. It was for her proof that Perelman was awarded the prestigious Fields Medal. A refusal followed from the Russian scientist. In March 2010, the Clay Mathematical Institute awards him $ 1 million. Perelman also refused to accept them. Later (2011) it was obtained by the Paris Institute of Henri Poincaré.
So, Perelman is the winner of three awards, which he himself voluntarily refused. These include: awards from the European Mathematical Society (1996), Fields (2006), Clay Mathematical Institute Millennium Prize (2010). In 2011, it was decided to nominate Grigory Perelman from the St. Steklov to Russian academicians. The scientist did not give personal consent, they could not even find him, so on this moment a brilliant mathematician is not an academician.
The main work of the scientist is considered the Poincaré hypothesis, but his work is not limited to this. There are three known articles "The formula of entropy for the Ricci flow and its geometric applications", and the method of cognition itself is now called the Hamilton - Perelman theory. Previously, the hypothesis about the soul was proved by the scientist (1994). Perelman is often credited with the authorship of the famous "Entertaining Physics". In fact, the author of the book is another person - Yakov Isidorovich Perelman (1882-1942).
The personality of G. Ya. Perelman is so unusual that a lot of anecdotes have already been invented about him. It is worth noting that the character of Perelman in these masterpieces of folk art is always characterized positively, and if they laugh at him, then very kindly, as at a beloved fairy-tale hero. For example:
Sonya, are you aware that the mathematician Grigory Perelman did not reveal his desire to become an academician of the Russian Academy. He did not even respond to letters or calls.
- Looks like, at this time, as usual, the mushrooms appeared ...
In addition to funny stories, there were even proverbs and sayings. The law of Grigory Perelman: there is no such offer that cannot be refused.
Today, a world-renowned scientist lives in a modest St. Petersburg apartment in Kupchino with his old mother. However, at the place of registration on the street. Furshtatskaya, he appears extremely rarely, only to collect bills. He avoids journalists, communicates with few people. The scientist is still friends with his teacher and mentor, who works in Lyceum No. 239 S. Rukshin, turns to him for advice. According to recent reports, the quiet genius Perelman is unemployed.
Grigory Perelman became famous as an eccentric hermit and a strange person. Some even call him the "rain man" in St. Petersburg. Probably, it's not about some kind of disease, rumors about which journalists love to savor so much. It's just that real science, opening up new worlds to humanity, does not tolerate fuss. It is to Perelman that the words of his colleague at the institute Yu. Burago can be attributed: "Mathematics depends on depth." The world-famous quiet genius is rightfully ranked 9th in the hundred genius people of our time.
Grigory Yakovlevich Perelman. Born June 13, 1966 in Leningrad (now St. Petersburg). Russian mathematician, which proved the Poincaré conjecture.
He is Jewish by nationality.
Father - Yakov Perelman, electrical engineer, emigrated to Israel in 1993.
Mother - Lyubov Leibovna Shteingolts, worked as a mathematics teacher at a vocational school, after her husband left for Israel, she remained in St. Petersburg.
Younger sister - Elena (born 1976), mathematician, graduate of St. Petersburg University (1998), in 2003 she defended her PhD thesis at the Weizmann Institute in Rehovot, since 2007 she has been working as a programmer in Stockholm.
In some sources, Perelman is mistakenly attributed to a relationship with Yakov Isidorovich Perelman, a famous physicist, mathematician and astronomer. But they are just namesakes.
Gregory's mother played the violin and from an early age instilled in him a love of classical music, he graduated from a music school. He played table tennis well.
From the 5th grade, Grigory studied at the mathematics center at the Palace of Pioneers under the guidance of Sergei Rukshin, associate professor of the Russian State Pedagogical University, whose students have won many awards at mathematical olympiads. In 1982, as part of a team of Soviet schoolchildren, he won a gold medal at the International Mathematical Olympiad in Budapest, receiving a full point for the impeccable solution of all problems.
Until the 9th grade, Perelman studied at a secondary school on the outskirts of Leningrad, then transferred to the 239th physics and mathematics school. He did not receive a gold medal due to a low mark in physical education.
After leaving school without exams, he was admitted to the Faculty of Mathematics and Mechanics of the Leningrad State University. He won the faculty, city and all-Union student mathematical Olympiads. All the years I studied only with excellent marks. For his academic success he received a Lenin scholarship.
After graduating with honors from the university, he entered graduate school (supervisor - A.D. Aleksandrov) at the Leningrad Department of the Mathematical Institute. V.A. Steklov (LOMI - until 1992; then - POMI).
Having defended his Ph.D. thesis on "Saddle surfaces in Euclidean spaces" in 1990, he stayed to work at the institute as a senior researcher.
In 1991 he was awarded the prize "Young mathematician" of the St. Petersburg Mathematical Society for the work "Alexandrov spaces with curvature bounded from below".
In the early 1990s, Perelman came to the United States, where he worked as a research assistant at various universities. He surprised his colleagues with the asceticism of life, his favorite food was milk, bread and cheese.
In 1994 proved the hypothesis of the soul(differential geometry). He proved several key statements in the Alexandrov geometry of spaces of curvature bounded below.
In 1996 he returned to St. Petersburg, continuing to work at POMI, where he worked alone to prove the Poincaré conjecture.
In 1996 he was awarded the European Mathematical Society Prize for Young Mathematicians, but he refused to receive it.
Entropy formula for the Ricci flow and its geometric applications;
- Ricci flow with 3D surgery;
- Finite decay time for solutions of the Ricci flow on some 3-manifolds.
The appearance on the Internet of Perelman's first article on the entropy formula for the Ricci flow caused an immediate international sensation in the scientific community. In 2003, Grigory Perelman accepted an invitation to visit a number of American universities, where he gave a series of talks on his work on proving the Poincaré conjecture.
In America, Perelman spent a lot of time explaining his ideas and methods, both in public lectures organized for him and in personal meetings with a number of mathematicians. After his return to Russia, he answered numerous questions from his foreign colleagues by e-mail.
In 2004-2006, three independent groups of mathematicians were involved in checking Perelman's results:
1. Bruce Kleiner, John Lott, University of Michigan;
2. Zhu Xiping, Sun Yatsen University; Cao Huidong, Lihai University;
3. John Morgan, Columbia University; Gan Tian, Massachusetts Institute of Technology.
All three groups concluded that Poincaré's conjecture was completely proven, but Chinese mathematicians Zhu Xiping and Cao Huidong, along with their teacher Yau Shintong, attempted plagiarism, claiming that they had found a "complete proof." They later retracted this statement.
In December 2005, Grigory Perelman resigned from the post of leading researcher at the laboratory of mathematical physics, resigned from POMI and almost completely cut off contacts with colleagues.
In 2006, Grigory Perelman was awarded the international prize "Fields Medal" for solving the Poincaré hypothesis - "For his contribution to geometry and his revolutionary ideas in the study of the geometric and analytical structure of the Ricci flow." However, he refused it.
In 2007, the British newspaper The Daily Telegraph published a list of "One Hundred Living Geniuses", in which Grigory Perelman ranks 9th. In addition to Perelman, only 2 Russians were included in this list - Garry Kasparov (25th place) and Mikhail Kalashnikov (83rd place).
In March 2010, the Clay Mathematical Institute awarded Grigory Perelman a US $ 1 million Proof of the Poincaré Conjecture Prize, the first ever Millennium Problem Award.
In June 2010, Perelman ignored a mathematical conference in Paris, which was supposed to award the Millennium Prize for proving the Poincaré conjecture, and on July 1, 2010, he publicly announced his rejection of the award. Motivated as follows: “I refused. You know, I had a lot of reasons in both directions. That's why I took so long to decide. In short, the main reason is disagreement with the organized mathematical community. I do not like their decisions, I consider them unfair. I believe that the contribution of the American mathematician Hamilton to the solution of this problem is no less than mine. "
“Simply, the essence of Poincaré's theory can be stated as follows: if a three-dimensional surface is somewhat similar to a sphere, then it can be expanded into a sphere. Poincaré's statement is called the "Formula of the Universe" because of its importance in the study of complex physical processes in the theory of the universe and because it gives an answer to the question of the shape of the Universe. That is why they fought over its proof for so many years. I know how to run the universe. And tell me - why should I run after a million? ", - he said in an interview.
Such a public assessment of the merits of Richard Hamilton by the mathematician who proved the Poincaré hypothesis can be an example of nobility in science, since, according to Perelman himself, Hamilton who collaborated with Yau Shintun has noticeably slowed down in his research, faced with insurmountable technical difficulties.
In September 2011, the Clay Institute, together with the Henri Poincaré Institute (Paris), established a position for young mathematicians, the money for which will come from the Millennium Prize awarded but not accepted by Grigory Perelman.
In 2011, Richard Hamilton and Demetrios Christodoul were awarded the so-called. Shao Prize in Mathematics of $ 1,000,000, also sometimes called the Nobel Prize of the East. Richard Hamilton was awarded for the creation of a mathematical theory, which was then developed by Grigory Perelman in his work on proving the Poincaré conjecture. Hamilton accepted the award.
In 2011, Masha Gessen's book about the fate of Perelman “Perfect Severity. Grigory Perelman: genius and the task of the millennium ”, based on numerous interviews with his teachers, classmates, colleagues and colleagues.
In September 2011, it became known that the mathematician refused to accept the offer to become a member of the Russian Academy of Sciences.
Personal life of Grigory Perelman:
Not married. No children.
Leads a secluded life, ignores the press. He lives in St. Petersburg in Kupchino with his mother.
There were reports in the press that since 2014 Gregory has been living in Sweden, but later it turned out that he was there occasionally.
