By what parameters to choose a submersible pump for a well with automation: types, comparison, prices.
Automated water supply is used to create autonomous cold and hot water supply systems, as well as sewer communications. This is especially true for suburban real estate, the connection of which to centralized engineering and technical communications is difficult, or even impossible.
The heart of an automatic water system is the pump. How can it be submersible? How to choose the best option and what could be the constructive diagram of an automated water supply?
Submersible submersibles are usually divided into the following types: 
- Units with built-in automation... Such pumps are the most effective solution for equipping an autonomous water supply system. Built-in automation allows not only to regulate the pressure and pressure of the fluid in the system, but also protects the device from voltage drops in the electrical network, and also prevents idling when the depth is insufficient. As one of the striking examples, we can cite a submersible pump for a well with Grundfos automation and the like.
- Devices with a so-called "check valve"... Such modifications are good in that their design almost completely excludes the return of water from a closed system back to the reservoir.
- Vibrating... This type of aggregates allows them to be used in various conditions and at large ranges of depths. Moreover, most of these devices are capable of working with liquids of a relatively coarse degree of purification.
- and fecal... This type of aggregates is used for pumping water with a large amount of foreign matter, suspensions and rather large foreign fragments.
- Devices based on the principle of centrifugal action... They are quite versatile, since they can be used both in wells and in wells. But they are quite demanding on the preliminary filtration of the liquid and are relatively difficult to maintain and repair.
Types of automatic systems
Most submersible well pumps on the market today are based on on two principles of automation:
- Application of the hydropneumatic system;
- Use of electronic components.
More simple accumulator system is a combination of a reservoir (hydraulic accumulator) and one or more relays, which allows you to regulate the fluid pressure in the pipeline or in the hose system.
Electronic automatic system allows you to achieve significantly higher efficiency, since digital mini-blocks are installed directly into pipelines, or even into the device body (for example, "Grundfos"). However, the accuracy of regulation and high service capabilities dictate a significantly higher cost of the entire system as a whole.
On the one hand, a well pump with pneumatic type automation is much cheaper. On the other hand, it has a much lower performance and accuracy in adjusting the water supply.
What are the parameters for choosing pumps?
The most popular types of submersible pumps used to equip autonomous water supply systems for country houses are vibrating and centrifugal.
The choice in favor of one or another principle of action is due to the following aspects: 
- The remoteness of the well / water source from the building... If the reservoir is located no further than 10-20 meters from the house, then any unit can handle the water supply. If the well is located at a more distant distance, then the characteristics of the height of the water rise declared by the manufacturer are of decisive importance. Distances from 20 to 50 meters require a lifting power of 20 meters, and more distant locations already 40 meters. In this case, it is necessary to add the height of the rise of water to the tap in the house.
- Well water characteristics... For water that does not include many foreign particles, suspensions and suspensions, any type is suitable. For dirtier and poorer water quality, vibratory pumps must be used.
- Water intake method... For the arrangement of autonomous water supply and sewerage systems in a country house, units with an upper water intake look much more preferable. First, the cooling of the engine in such devices occurs naturally. And secondly, the automation does not allow such devices to overheat at idle speed in the event of a drop in the liquid level in the tank. True, the performance of devices with an upper intake is, as a rule, inferior to samples with a bottom water supply.
How does automation work?
The main purpose of the automation is the uninterrupted supply of water (or pumping out liquid), as well as preventing the failure of the unit's engine as a result of overheating due to lack of cooling.
Overheating occurs mainly due to a drop in the water level in the tank, in other words, the shallowing of the well.
In order to avoid such problems, modern Submersible well pumps can have the following types of automatic protection:
- Mechanical;
- Dynamic;
- Electrical.
Mechanical system automatic protection is based on a fairly simple principle. A submersible pump, freely drifting in the tank, is connected by a thin line (or nylon thread) with a special float.
As soon as the water level falls below a certain value limited by the length of the line, a sensor is triggered, turning off the power.
It looks like fishing with a rod, only turned upside down.
The use of pressure indicators suggests a more complex scheme. It uses a special sensor that monitors the pressure of water in a pipeline or in a hose system. As soon as the unit stops sucking in water and starts supplying air to the system, the sensor sends a signal to the controller, which instantly turns off the device. In modern devices, such a sensor often has the ability to adjust settings. This principle is widely used, for example, in devices for a well with automation. brand "Aquarius" and other popular brands.
Electrical protection uses a completely different principle to prevent dry running of the engine. The fact is that when pumping water masses, the motor consumes a much larger amount of electrical energy than when pumping air. The built-in sensor reacts sensitively to changes in the "needs" of the engine for electricity and blocks the operation of the power unit.
The following video clearly demonstrates how the electronic protection system of an automatic submersible pump works:
Comparison with other types of water pumps
In addition to submersible pumps, other types of water pumping units are used to create autonomous systems of cold and hot water supply or sewerage:
- Pumping stations;
- Semi-submersible (floating) pumps.
Pumping stations represent a rather complex and rather expensive design. In addition, they have rather large dimensions, consume incomparably more energy and are characterized by a fairly high level of noise during operation. 
The stations are mainly used in the construction of autonomous water supply systems for large cottages of villas or even collective households. In addition, the pumping station is used at a significant depth of groundwater and in other special cases associated with certain hydrogeological characteristics of a particular land plot.
In most simple situations, using a station to supply water from a well is not considered appropriate, both in terms of efficiency and from an economic point of view.
With regard to superficial, then they, on the contrary, have rather low power and productivity and are rather vulnerable to weather or atmospheric phenomena. Although they are relatively inexpensive and easy to maintain, they are nevertheless not capable of ensuring the uninterrupted operation of a complete household water supply or sanitation system. In addition, due to their design features, floating systems can only be used in the warm season.
Video - How to choose and connect a hydraulic accumulator and automation?
In order not to force the unit to work every time the taps are turned on, a hydraulic accumulator or drive is used.
It is a membrane tank (aluminum, steel or plastic), about half filled with water. With a decrease in the water level in the accumulator, the air pressure also drops, as a result of which a relay is triggered, which turns on the pump, which, in turn, fills the tank with water again to the set value.
The choice of the accumulator capacity depends on the volume of water consumed and on the conditions of use of the premises.
- For a large cottage, in which people live year-round, it is more expedient to choose drives with a volume 50 liters or more.
- A for a small summer cottage a compact accumulator with a capacity of 5-10 liters.
Typical installation diagram of the water supply system from a well with a hydraulic accumulator as follows:
- The drive is installed indoors;
- Installed on top of the tank in a vertical position pressure switch;
- The accumulator is connected by means of hoses or pipelines with a submersible pump on one side, and taps for water supply on the other.
The following two videos detail the assembly of the pumping group and the connection to the accumulator:
Prices for well pumps with automation
The most affordable devices are traditionally vibration-type. So, for example, a domestic-made unit can be purchased for 2-3 thousand rubles, if the height of the water rise is up to 40 meters. The same devices with a greater lifting depth are in the range of 4-7 thousand.
Centrifugal devices are more expensive... Depending on the power, productivity and method of water intake, their cost may be from 8 to 15 thousand rubles... A typical example is the popular family of devices under the brand name "Aquarius"... And especially productive units - the so-called water cannons - are even more expensive.
However, the price of a very popular on the market submersible pump for a well with automatic equipment "Dzhileks", characterized by high performance and versatility, is located near the mark in 20,000 rubles... That, of course, is one of the most optimal combinations of "price / quality" parameters.
