Directive of the Central Committee of the All-Russian Communist Party (Bolsheviks) and the Council of People's Commissars of the USSR on preventing the mass exodus of starving peasants. Sabotage in transport Directive of the Council of People's Commissars of June 29, 1941
From June 29, 1941 No. P509 to the party and Soviet organizations of the front-line regions on the mobilization of all forces and means to defeat the fascist invaders
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Council of People's Commissars of the USSR Central Committee of the CPSU(b)
Directive dated June 29, 1941 No. P509
party and Soviet organizations in the front-line regions on the mobilization of all forces and means to defeat the fascist invaders
The treacherous attack of Nazi Germany on the Soviet Union continues. The purpose of this attack is the destruction of the Soviet system, the seizure of Soviet lands, the enslavement of the peoples of the Soviet Union, the robbery of our country, the seizure of our bread and oil, and the restoration of the power of the landowners and capitalists. The enemy has already invaded Soviet soil, captured most of Lithuania with the cities of Kaunas and Vilnius, captured part of Latvia, the Brest, Bialystok, Vileika regions of Soviet Belarus and several regions of Western Ukraine... Danger loomed over some other regions. German aviation is expanding its bombing area, bombing the cities of Riga, Minsk, Orsha, Mogilev, Smolensk, Kyiv, Odessa, Sevastopol, Murmansk.
Due to the war imposed on us, our country entered into a mortal battle with its dangerous and insidious enemy - German fascism. Our troops are heroically fighting an enemy armed to the teeth with tanks and aircraft. The Red Army, overcoming numerous difficulties, selflessly fights for every inch of Soviet land.
Despite the serious threat that has arisen for our country, some party, Soviet, trade union and Komsomol organizations and their leaders still do not understand the meaning of this threat, have not yet realized the significance of this threat, live in complacent, peaceful moods and do not understand that the war has dramatically changed the situation that our Motherland is in the greatest danger and that we must quickly and decisively reorganize all our work on a war footing.
The Council of People's Commissars of the USSR and the Central Committee of the All-Union Communist Party of Bolsheviks oblige all party, Soviet, trade union and Komsomol organizations to put an end to complacency and carelessness and to mobilize all our organizations and all the forces of the people to defeat the enemy, to mercilessly deal with the hordes of attacking German fascism.
The Council of People's Commissars of the USSR and the Central Committee of the All-Union Communist Party of Bolsheviks demand from you:
1. In a merciless fight against the enemy, defend every inch of Soviet land, fight to the last drop of blood for our cities and villages, show the courage, initiative and intelligence characteristic of our people.
2. Organize comprehensive assistance to the active army, ensure the organized mobilization of reserves, ensure that the army is supplied with everything necessary, the rapid advance of transport with troops and military supplies, extensive assistance to the wounded by providing hospitals, schools, clubs, and institutions for hospitals.
3. Strengthen the rear of the Red Army, subordinating all its activities to the interests of the front, ensure the intensive work of all enterprises, explain to the workers their responsibilities and the current situation, organize the protection of factories, power plants, bridges, telephone and telegraph communications, organize a merciless fight against all disorganizers of the rear, deserters , alarmists, spreaders of rumors, destroy spies, saboteurs, enemy paratroopers, providing quick assistance to the destruction battalions in all this. All communists must know that the enemy is insidious, cunning, experienced in deception and spreading false rumors, take all this into account in their work and not succumb to provocations.
4. In the event of a forced withdrawal of Red Army units, hijack rolling stock, not leave a single locomotive, not a single carriage to the enemy, not leave the enemy a kilogram of bread or a liter of fuel. Collective farmers must drive away livestock and hand over grain for safekeeping to government agencies for transportation to rear areas. All valuable property, including non-ferrous metals, bread and fuel, which cannot be exported, must be destroyed without success.
5. In areas occupied by the enemy, create partisan detachments and sabotage groups to fight units of the enemy army, to incite partisan warfare everywhere, to blow up bridges, roads, damage telephone and telegraph communications, set fire to warehouses, etc. Create in occupied areas unbearable conditions for the enemy and all his accomplices, pursue and destroy them at every step, disrupt all their activities...
6. Immediately bring to trial before a military tribunal all those who, with their alarmism and cowardice, interfere with the cause of defense, regardless of person.
* * *The Council of People's Commissars of the USSR and the Central Committee of the All-Union Communist Party of Bolsheviks declare that in the war imposed on us with fascist Germany, the question of life and death of the Soviet state is being decided, whether the peoples of the Soviet Union should be free or fall into enslavement.
Now everything depends on our ability to quickly organize and act, without wasting a minute of time, without missing a single opportunity in the fight against the enemy.
The task of the Bolsheviks is to rally all the people around the party of Lenin - Stalin, around the Soviet government for selfless support of the Red Army, for victory.
November 7th, 2015Based on what I was able to read and synthesize from the “early stage” of planning special exile for the dispossessed, a model of “crisis pragmatism” typical of the Stalinist leadership emerges. This modus operandi manifested itself not only in the era of 1929-1931, but also during the period of the catastrophic famine of 1932-1933. , as well as mass operations of 1937-1938.
Without going into too much detail, the segments of the “crisis pragmatism” module are quite simple.
a) We are creating a systemic problem with an extremely ambitious approach, without regard to real managerial, infrastructural, human resources, and even more so the humanitarian consequences.
b) We give carte blanche to the executors on the ground, demanding that they “press in every possible way” on all fronts, reinforcing the “campaign” with mass, indiscriminate and very harsh propaganda among the population.
c) We heroically overcome this systemic problem when it becomes clear that the veins are torn and everything is about to collapse into tartar.
d) We appropriate the laurels from overcoming problems and “excesses” at a unique stage of “coming out of terror”
e) We distance ourselves as much as possible from the performers, blame them for “excesses on the ground,” declare “neonep” (relatively speaking) and the restoration of trampled socialist legality.
Doctor of Historical Sciences O.V. Khlevnyuk formulated approximately the same thoughts much more elegantly: “ To achieve its goals, including carrying out mass repressions and siphoning bread from starving villages, the regime did not at all need an apparatus that operated clearly and rhythmically on the principle of a clock mechanism. The limitations of centralization in a huge country were fully compensated by the widespread use of the campaign method, which formed the basis of the political practice of Stalinism. A careful study of such campaigns allows us to identify their common, repeatedly tested algorithm. It all started (and this is important to emphasize) with the center (most often Stalin) putting forward the goals of the campaign and distributing specific tasks. Then the apparatus was mobilized to carry out the assigned tasks using emergency methods, which presupposed the widespread spread of “excesses.” As a result, the campaign was brought to the level of crisis, at the highest point of which the limits of retreat were determined - to overcome the “excesses”. The retreat was the task of a counter-campaign, a kind of way out of terror. At this stage, some perpetrators of terror were subjected to repression and turned into “scapegoats”, and formal slogans of “restoration of the rule of law” were proclaimed. The situation stabilized, the goals of the campaign were declared achieved. Such methods led to the destruction of enormous material resources and numerous human casualties. However, in the context of the Stalinist system, campaigns were a completely effective way of mobilization centralization.<...>
The well-known document given below is precisely a living illustration of the period of a kind of “exit” from terror and mass deportations, the most “extreme” in the arsenal of methods used during the collectivization period of 1930-1932. The central government, bombarded by panicky memos and information reports from all departments, in the spring and summer of 1933 began to increasingly understand the consequences of the unprecedented “pressure” on the countryside. Famine disaster of 1932-1933. began to rapidly destroy the already rather amorphous and loose structure of the state apparatus of the young Soviet state; in some regions, mass mortality was so great, and the confusion intensified so much that it almost completely paralyzed the work of local government. The Gulag experienced the greatest crisis; the annual mortality rate in 1933 reached an unprecedented level of 15%; every sixth prisoner throughout the Union died behind bars. Prisons and camps were filled to capacity with prisoners. However, mass arrests did not stop. Moreover, l Most of the institutions of the GUITU NKYU and to a lesser extent the GULAG of the OGPU were shaken by powerful epidemics of typhoid and dysentery. The situation was literally catastrophic. This systemic crisis brought to life the secret instruction-directive of May 8, 1933, designed to soften the most “sharp” corners of the previous punitive policy. In particular, it stated: " The Central Committee and the Council of People's Commissars have applications for immediate eviction from the regions and territories of about one hundred thousand families. The Central Committee and the Council of People's Commissars have information from which it is clear that mass disorderly arrests in the countryside still continue to exist in the practice of our workers. Chairmen of collective farms and members of collective farm boards are arrested. Village council chairmen and cell secretaries are arrested. District and regional commissioners arrest. Everyone who is not too lazy is arrested and who, strictly speaking, has no right to arrest. It is not surprising that with such a rampant practice of arrests, the bodies that have the right to arrest, including the OGPU bodies, and especially the police, lose their sense of proportion and often make arrests without any reason, acting according to the rule: first arrest, and then sort it out".
Directive-instruction of the Central Committee of the All-Union Communist Party of Bolsheviks and the Council of People's Commissars of the USSR “On stopping mass evictions of peasants, streamlining arrests and unloading places of detention”
Original source: RGASPI. F. 17. Op. 163. D. 981. L. 229-238. Script. Published: The tragedy of the Soviet village. Collectivization and dispossession. 1927—1939: Documents and materials. In 5 vols. / T. 3. End of 1930-1933 / Ed. V. Danilova, R. Manning, L. Viola. - M.: “Russian Political Encyclopedia” (ROSSPEN), 2001.
Secret.
Not for printing.
To all party-Soviet workers and all bodies of the OGPU, the court and the prosecutor's office
The desperate resistance of the kulaks to the collective farm movement of working peasants, which unfolded at the end of 1929 and took the form of arson and terrorist acts against collective farm leaders, created the need for the Soviet government to use mass arrests and acute forms of repression in the form of mass evictions of kulaks and subkulak members to the northern and distant regions.
Further resistance of kulak elements, sabotage on collective and state farms, revealed in 1932, widespread mass theft of collective and state farm property required further strengthening of repressive measures against kulak elements, thieves and all kinds of saboteurs.
Thus, the last three years of our work in the countryside were years of struggle for the elimination of the kulaks and the victory of the collective farms.
And these three years of struggle led to the defeat of the forces of our class enemies in the countryside, to the final strengthening of our Soviet socialist positions in the countryside.
To sum up, we can now say that the position of individual farming has already been overcome in all the main regions of the USSR, collective farms have become the ubiquitous and dominant form of farming in the countryside, the collective farm movement has become firmly entrenched, and the complete victory of the collective farm system in the countryside is assured.
Now the task is no longer to defend the collective farm form of management in its struggle against the private form of management, for this task has already been successfully resolved. Now the task is to meet the growing desire of individual working peasants to join collective farms and help them enter the collective farm, where only they can protect themselves from the danger of impoverishment and hunger.
The Central Committee and the Council of People's Commissars of the USSR believe that all these circumstances are creating a new favorable situation in the countryside, making it possible to stop, as a rule, the use of mass evictions and acute forms of repression in the countryside.
The Central Committee and the Council of People's Commissars believe that as a result of our successes in the countryside, a moment has come when we no longer need mass repressions, which, as we know, affect not only kulaks, but also individual farmers and some collective farmers.
True, demands for mass evictions from villages and the use of acute forms of repression still continue to come from a number of regions. The Central Committee and the Council of People's Commissars have applications for immediate eviction from the regions and territories of about one hundred thousand families. The Central Committee and the Council of People's Commissars have information from which it is clear that mass disorderly arrests in the countryside still continue to exist in the practice of our workers. Chairmen of collective farms and members of collective farm boards are arrested. Village council chairmen and cell secretaries are arrested. District and regional commissioners arrest. Everyone who is not too lazy is arrested and who, strictly speaking, has no right to arrest. It is not surprising that with such a rampant practice of arrests, the bodies with the right to arrest, including the OGPU bodies, and especially the police, lose their sense of proportion and often make arrests without any reason, acting according to the rule: first arrest, and then sort it out.
But what does all this mean?
All this suggests that there are still quite a few comrades in the regions and territories who have not understood the new situation and are still continuing to live in the past.
All this suggests that despite the presence of a new situation requiring a shift in the center of gravity to mass political and organizational work, these comrades cling to obsolete forms of work that no longer correspond to the new situation and pose a threat to the weakening of the authority of Soviet power in the countryside.
It seems that these comrades are ready to replace and are already replacing political work among the masses in order to isolate kulak and anti-collective farm elements with administrative-chekist operations of the GPU and police, not realizing that such a replacement, if it takes on any mass character, can reduce to zero the influence of our party in the countryside.
These comrades apparently do not understand that the method of mass eviction of peasants outside the region in the new situation has already become obsolete, that eviction can only be applied in a partial and individual manner and only to the leaders and organizers of the struggle against collective farms.
These comrades do not understand that the method of mass and disorderly arrests, if it can be considered a method, in the new situation gives only disadvantages that undermine the authority of Soviet power, that arrests should be limited and strictly controlled by the relevant authorities, that arrests should be applied only to active enemies of Soviet power.
The Central Committee and the Council of People's Commissars have no doubt that all these and similar errors and deviations from the party line will be eliminated as soon as possible.
It would be wrong to think that the presence of a new situation and the need to transition to new methods of work mean the elimination or at least weakening of the class struggle in the countryside. On the contrary, the class struggle in the countryside will inevitably intensify, since the class enemy sees that the collective farms have won, he sees that the last days of his existence have arrived, and he cannot help but grasp in despair at the most acute forms of struggle against Soviet power. Therefore, there can be no talk of weakening our struggle against the class enemy. On the contrary, our struggle must be intensified in every possible way, our vigilance must be sharpened in every possible way. We are talking, therefore, about intensifying our struggle against the class enemy. But the fact is that it is impossible to intensify the fight against the class enemy and eliminate it using old methods of work in the current new situation, because they, these methods, have outlived their usefulness. The point, therefore, is to improve the old methods of fighting, to rationalize them and to make our attacks2* more accurate and organized. What we are talking about, finally, is that each of our blows be prepared politically in advance, so that each of our blows is supported by the actions of the broad masses of the peasantry. For only through such methods of improving the methods of our work can we achieve the final elimination of the class enemy in the countryside.
The Central Committee and the Council of People's Commissars have no doubt that all our party-Soviet and KGB-judicial organizations will take into account the new situation created as a result of our victories, and accordingly will reorganize their work in relation to the new conditions of the struggle.
The Central Committee of the All-Union Communist Party of Bolsheviks and the Council of People's Commissars of the USSR decide:
I. On stopping mass evictions of peasants
Immediately stop all mass evictions of peasants. Evictions should be allowed only on an individual and private basis and in relation only to those farms whose heads are actively fighting against collective farms and organizing a refusal to sow and harvest.
Evictions are allowed only from the following areas and in the following maximum quantities:
Ukraine 2 thousand farms
Northern Caucasus 1 thousand farms
Lower Volga 1 thousand farms
Middle Volga 1 thousand farms
CER 1 thousand farms
Ural 1 thousand farms
Gorky region 500 farms
Western Siberia 1 thousand farms
Eastern Siberia 1 thousand farms
Belarus 500 farms
Western region 500 farms
Bashkiria 500 farms
Transcaucasia 500 farms
Central Asia 500 farms
Total 12 thousand farms
II. On streamlining the production of arrests
1) Prohibit the making of arrests by persons not authorized by law, chairmen of regional executive committees, district and regional commissioners, chairmen of village councils, chairmen of collective farms and collective farm associations, cell secretaries, etc.
Arrests can only be made by the prosecutor's office, the OGPU or police chiefs.
Investigators can make arrests only with the prior approval of the prosecutor.
Arrests made by police chiefs must be confirmed or canceled by district OGPU commissioners or the prosecutor's office as appropriate no later than 48 hours after the arrest.
2) Prohibit the prosecutor's office, the OGPU and the police from using pretrial detention for minor crimes as a preventive measure.
As a preventive measure, only persons accused of cases of counter-revolution, terrorist attacks, sabotage, banditry and robbery, espionage, border crossing and smuggling, murder and serious injuries, major theft and embezzlement can be detained pending trial. , about professional speculation, about currency traders, about counterfeiters, malicious hooliganism and professional repeat offenders.
3) To establish, when making arrests by the OGPU authorities, the preliminary consent of prosecutorial supervision in all cases, except for cases of terrorist acts, explosions, arson, espionage and defectors, political banditry and counter-revolutionary anti-party groups.
The procedure established in this paragraph will be implemented for the Far East, Central Asia and Kazakhstan only after 6 months.
4) Oblige the prosecutor of the USSR and the OGPU to ensure strict implementation of the 1922 instructions on the procedure for prosecutorial control over the arrests and detention of persons arrested by the OGPU.
III. On unloading places of detention
1) Establish that the maximum number of persons who can be detained in places of detention of the People's Commissariat of Justice, the OGPU and the Main Police Department, except for camps and colonies, should not exceed 400 thousand3* people for the entire USSR.
Oblige the prosecutor of the USSR and the OGPU to determine, within two decades, the maximum number of prisoners for individual republics and regions (territories), based on the general figure indicated above.
Oblige the OGPU, the People's Commissariat of Justice of the Union Republics and the USSR Prosecutor's Office to immediately begin unloading places of detention and increase the total number of people deprived of liberty from 800 thousand, actually imprisoned now, to 400 thousand within two months.
Responsibility for the exact implementation of this resolution should be assigned to the USSR Prosecutor's Office.
2) Establish for each place of detention the maximum number of persons who can be held in a given place of detention, based on the figure established above of 400 thousand.
Prohibit the heads of places of detention from accepting prisoners in excess of the established limit.
3) Determine the maximum period for keeping arrested persons in police detention facilities of no more than three days. It is imperative to provide those arrested with bread rations.
4) Suggest to the OGPU, the People's Commissariat of Justice of the Union Republics and the USSR Prosecutor's Office to immediately organize a review of the personnel of pre-trial prisoners so that for all, except especially dangerous elements, detention is replaced with another preventive measure (surety, bail, recognizance not to leave).
5) To carry out the following measures in relation to convicted persons:
a) for all those convicted in court for up to 3 years, replace imprisonment with forced labor for up to 1 year, and the rest of the term is considered suspended;
6) those sentenced to a term of 3 to 5 years inclusive will be sent to labor camps of the OGPU;
c) those sentenced to a term of more than 5 years will be sent to OGPU camps.
6) Kulaks sentenced to a term of 3 to 5 years inclusive are subject to sent to labor camps along with their dependent persons.
7) To unload places of detention and carry out the activities specified in paragraphs. 5 and 6 events to organize in each republic, region (territory) special regional commissions consisting of: the regional (regional) prosecutor, the chairman of the regional (regional) court, the OGPU PP and the head of the regional (regional) police department, chaired by the regional (regional) prosecutor.
8) In republics, territories, regions where the total number of prisoners currently exceeds 30 thousand people, allow regional commissions to form interdistrict visiting subcommittees as their auxiliary bodies, so that the decisions of interdistrict commissions are approved by regional commissions.
9) Grant the right to regional commissions to exempt from sending to camps and villages, regardless of the length of conviction, the disabled, the disabled, the elderly, mothers with small children, pregnant women, replacing their imprisonment with forced labor.
In some cases, regional commissions have the right to send particularly dangerous elements to the camps, even if they are sentenced to a term of up to 5 years.
10) To carry out unloading in the Central Asian republics, Kazakhstan, Kara-Kalpakiya, propose to the USSR Prosecutor's Office, the OGPU and the Supreme Court of the USSR to send special commissions from Moscow for general management of the work of the republican commissions of these republics.
Oblige the People's Commissariat of Justice of the Union Republics and the People's Commissariat of Health of the Union Republics to completely eliminate typhus diseases in places of detention within a month.
Chairman of the Council of People's Commissars of the USSR
V. Molotov (Scriabin) Secretary of the Central Committee of the All-Union Communist Party of Bolsheviks I. Stalin
From the directive of the Council of People's Commissars of the USSR and the Central Committee of the All-Union Communist Party (Bolsheviks) “To party and Soviet organizations in front-line regions,” June 29, 1941.
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Due to the war imposed on us, our country entered into a mortal battle with its dangerous, insidious enemy - German fascism. Our troops are heroically fighting an enemy armed to the teeth with tanks and aircraft. The Red Army, overcoming numerous difficulties, selflessly fights for every inch of Soviet land. ...
The Council of People's Commissars of the USSR and the Central Committee of the All-Union Communist Party of Bolsheviks obliges all party, Soviet, trade union and Komsomol organizations to put an end to complacency and carelessness and to mobilize all our organizations and all the forces of the people to defeat the enemy, to mercilessly deal with the hordes of attacking German fascism.
The Council of People's Commissars of the USSR and the Central Committee of the All-Union Communist Party of Bolsheviks demand from you:
1) In a merciless fight against the enemy, defend every inch of Soviet land, fight to the last drop of blood for our cities and villages, show the courage, initiative and intelligence characteristic of our people.
2) Organize comprehensive assistance to the active army. ... Ensure the supply of the army with everything necessary, the rapid advance of transports with troops and military cargo, extensive assistance to the wounded by providing hospitals, schools, clubs, and institutions.
3) Strengthen the rear of the Red Army, subordinating all its activities to the interests of the front, ensure the intensive work of all enterprises, ..., organize the protection of factories, power plants, bridges, telephone and telegraph communications, organize a merciless fight against all sorts of disorganizers of the rear, deserters, alarmists, rumor mongers, destroy spies, saboteurs... All communists must know that the enemy is insidious, cunning, experienced in deception and spreading false rumors, take all this into account in their work and not give in to provocations.
4) In the event of a forced withdrawal of Red Army units, steal the rolling stock, do not leave a single locomotive, not a single carriage to the enemy, and do not leave the enemy a single kilogram of bread or a liter of fuel. Collective farmers must drive away livestock and hand over grain for safekeeping to government agencies for transportation to rear areas. All valuable property, including non-ferrous metals, bread and fuel, which cannot be exported, must... be destroyed.
5) In areas occupied by the enemy, create partisan detachments and sabotage groups to fight units of the enemy army, to incite guerrilla warfare anywhere and everywhere... In occupied areas, create unbearable conditions for the enemy and all his accomplices, pursue and destroy them..., disrupt all their activities .
6) Immediately bring to trial before a military tribunal all those who, with their alarmism and cowardice, interfere with the cause of defense, regardless of person.
The Council of People's Commissars of the USSR and the Central Committee of the All-Union Communist Party of Bolsheviks declare that in the war imposed on us with fascist Germany, the question of life and death of the Soviet state is being decided, whether the peoples of the Soviet Union should be free or fall into enslavement. ...
CPSU about the Armed Forces of the Soviet Union. Sat. –
M., 1958, pp. 354-356.
The treacherous attack of Nazi Germany on the Soviet Union continues. The purpose of this attack is the destruction of the Soviet system, the seizure of Soviet lands, the enslavement of the peoples of the Soviet Union, the robbery of our country, the seizure of our bread and oil, and the restoration of the power of the landowners and capitalists. The enemy has already invaded Soviet soil, captured most of Lithuania with the cities of Kaunas and Vilnius, captured part of Latvia, the Brest, Bialystok, Vileika regions of Soviet Belarus and several regions of Western Ukraine. Danger looms over some other areas. German aviation is expanding its bombing area, bombing the cities of Riga, Minsk, Orsha, Mogilev, Smolensk, Kyiv, Odessa, Sevastopol, Murmansk.
Due to the war imposed on us, our country entered into a mortal battle with its dangerous and insidious enemy - German fascism. Our troops are heroically fighting an enemy armed to the teeth with tanks and aircraft. The Red Army, overcoming numerous difficulties, selflessly fights for every inch of Soviet land.
Despite the serious threat that has arisen for our country, some party, Soviet, trade union and Komsomol organizations and their leaders still do not understand the meaning of this threat, have not yet realized the significance of this threat, live in complacent and peaceful moods and do not understand that war dramatically changed the situation, that our homeland was in the greatest danger and that we must quickly and decisively reorganize all our work on a war footing.
The Council of People's Commissars of the USSR and the Central Committee of the All-Union Communist Party of Bolsheviks oblige all party, Soviet, trade union and Komsomol organizations to put an end to complacency and carelessness and to mobilize all our organizations and all the forces of the people to defeat the enemy, to mercilessly deal with the hordes of attacking German fascism.
The Council of People's Commissars of the USSR and the Central Committee of the All-Union Communist Party of Bolsheviks demand from you:
1) In a merciless fight against the enemy, defend every inch of Soviet land, fight to the last drop of blood for our cities and villages, show the courage, initiative and intelligence characteristic of our people.
2) Organize comprehensive assistance to the active army, ensure the organized mobilization of reserves, ensure that the army is supplied with everything necessary, the rapid advancement of transports with troops and military supplies, extensive assistance to the wounded by providing hospitals, schools, clubs, and institutions for hospitals.
3) Strengthen the rear of the Red Army, subordinating all its activities to the interests of the front, ensure the intensive work of all enterprises, explain to the workers their responsibilities and the current situation, organize the protection of factories, power plants, bridges, telephone and telegraph communications, organize a merciless fight against all disorganizers of the rear, deserters , alarmists, spreaders of rumors, destroy spies, saboteurs, enemy paratroopers, providing quick assistance to the destruction battalions in all this. All communists must know that the enemy is insidious, cunning, experienced in deception and spreading false rumors, take all this into account in their work and not succumb to provocations.
4) In the event of a forced withdrawal of Red Army units, steal the rolling stock, do not leave a single locomotive, not a single carriage to the enemy, and do not leave the enemy a single kilogram of bread or a liter of fuel. Collective farmers must drive away livestock and hand over grain for safekeeping to government agencies for transportation to rear areas. All valuable property, including non-ferrous metals, bread and fuel, which cannot be exported, must, of course, be destroyed.
5) In areas occupied by the enemy, create partisan detachments and sabotage groups to fight units of the enemy army, to incite partisan warfare anywhere, to blow up bridges, roads, damage telephone and telegraph communications, set fire to warehouses, etc. In occupied areas, create unbearable conditions for the enemy and all his accomplices, pursue and destroy them at every step, and disrupt all their activities.
To manage all this activity in advance, under the responsibility of the first secretaries of regional and district committees, create reliable underground cells and safe houses from the best people in every city, regional center, workers' village, railway station, state farms and collective farms.
6) Immediately bring to trial before the Military Tribunal all those who, with their alarmism and cowardice, interfere with the cause of defense, regardless of person.
The Council of People's Commissars of the USSR and the Central Committee of the All-Union Communist Party of Bolsheviks declare that in the imposed war with Nazi Germany the question of life and death of the Soviet state is being decided, whether the peoples of the Soviet Union should be free or fall into enslavement. \448\
The treacherous attack of Nazi Germany on the Soviet Union continues. The purpose of this attack is the destruction of the Soviet system, the seizure of Soviet lands, the enslavement of the peoples of the Soviet Union, the robbery of our country, the seizure of our bread and oil, and the restoration of the power of the landowners and capitalists. The enemy has already invaded Soviet soil, captured most of Lithuania with the cities of Kaunas and Vilnius, captured part of Latvia, the Brest, Bialystok, Vileika regions of Soviet Belarus and several regions of Western Ukraine. Danger looms over some other areas. German aviation is expanding its bombing area, bombing the cities of Riga, Minsk, Orsha, Mogilev, Smolensk, Kyiv, Odessa, Sevastopol, Murmansk.
Due to the war imposed on us, our country entered into a mortal battle with its dangerous and insidious enemy - German fascism. Our troops are heroically fighting an enemy armed to the teeth with tanks and aircraft. The Red Army, overcoming numerous difficulties, selflessly fights for every inch of Soviet land.
Despite the serious threat that has arisen for our country, some party, Soviet, trade union and Komsomol organizations and their leaders still do not understand the meaning of this threat, have not yet realized the significance of this threat, live in complacent and peaceful moods and do not understand that the war has dramatically changed the situation that our homeland is in the greatest danger and that we must quickly and decisively reorganize all our work on a war footing.
The Council of People's Commissars of the USSR and the Central Committee of the All-Union Communist Party of Bolsheviks oblige all party, Soviet, trade union and Komsomol organizations to put an end to complacency and carelessness and to mobilize all our organizations and all the forces of the people to defeat the enemy, to mercilessly deal with the hordes of attacking German fascism.
The Council of People's Commissars of the USSR and the Central Committee of the All-Union Communist Party of Bolsheviks demand from you:
1) In a merciless fight against the enemy, defend every inch of Soviet land, fight to the last drop of blood for our cities and villages, show the courage, initiative and intelligence characteristic of our people.
2) Organize comprehensive assistance to the active army, ensure the organized mobilization of reserves, ensure that the army is supplied with everything necessary, the rapid advancement of transports with troops and military supplies, extensive assistance to the wounded by providing hospitals, schools, clubs, and institutions for hospitals.
3) Strengthen the rear of the Red Army, subordinating all its activities to the interests of the front, ensure the intensive work of all enterprises, explain to the workers their responsibilities and the current situation, organize the protection of factories, power plants, bridges, telephone and telegraph communications, organize a merciless fight against all disorganizers of the rear, deserters , alarmists, spreaders of rumors, destroy spies, saboteurs, enemy paratroopers, providing quick assistance to the destruction battalions in all this. All communists must know that the enemy is insidious, cunning, experienced in deception and spreading false rumors, take all this into account in their work and not succumb to provocations.
4) In the event of a forced withdrawal of Red Army units, steal the rolling stock, do not leave a single locomotive, not a single carriage to the enemy, and do not leave the enemy a single kilogram of bread or a liter of fuel. Collective farmers must drive away livestock and hand over grain for safekeeping to government agencies for transportation to rear areas. All valuable property, including non-ferrous metals, bread and fuel, which cannot be exported, must, of course, be destroyed.
5) In areas occupied by the enemy, create partisan detachments and sabotage groups to fight units of the enemy army, to incite partisan warfare anywhere, to blow up bridges, roads, damage telephone and telegraph communications, set fire to warehouses, etc. In occupied areas, create unbearable conditions for the enemy and all his accomplices, pursue and destroy them at every step, and disrupt all their activities.
To manage all this activity in advance, under the responsibility of the first secretaries of regional and district committees, create reliable underground cells and safe houses from the best people in every city, regional center, workers' village, railway station, state farms and collective farms.
6) Immediately bring to trial before the Military Tribunal all those who, with their alarmism and cowardice, interfere with the cause of defense, regardless of person.
The Council of People's Commissars of the USSR and the Central Committee of the All-Union Communist Party of Bolsheviks declare that in the imposed war with Nazi Germany the question of life and death of the Soviet state is being decided, whether the peoples of the Soviet Union should be free or fall into enslavement.
Now everything depends on our ability to quickly organize and act, without wasting a minute of time, without missing a single opportunity in the fight against the enemy.
The task of the Bolsheviks is to rally all the people around the party - around the Soviet government for selfless support of the Red Army, for victory.
Chairman of the Council of People's Commissars of the USSR
Secretary of the Central Committee of the All-Union Communist Party of Bolsheviks I. Stalin
Vice-chairman
