A simple superlative form of an adjective. What are the degrees of comparison of adjectives in English? Detailed guide. Comparative Degree Education

ONLY QUALITATIVE ADJECTS HAVE COMPARATIVE DEGREES!

Qualitative adjectives differ in that they can denote a feature in varying degrees of its manifestation ( large - larger - largest). These forms are called degrees of comparison:

    Comparative

    excellent

The paradigm of degrees of comparison also includes the adjective from which forms of degrees of comparison are formed. The semantic basis of the degrees of comparison is a quantitative assessment of the feature measure. In the paradigm of degrees of comparison, the original adjective is called the positive degree form.

Comparative degree (comparative) - denotes a quality that is in any subject to a greater extent than in another, the name of which is put in the form of a gender case or nominative case; the latter is preceded by a comparative conjunction How(truth is more precious than gold).

Superlative (superlative) - denotes the highest degree of quality in any subject compared to another: favorite writer; are declined like normal adjectives.

Comparative and superlative degrees can be expressed in simple (synthetic) and complex (analytical) forms.

comparative

The simple form of the comparative degree does not change by gender, number and case; and therefore it must be able to distinguish it from the form of the comparative degree of the adverb. If a word of this type is syntactically related to a noun, then compare the degree of the adjective, if related to a verb, then compare the degree of the adverb ( oak is stronger than birch- adjunct; he gripped the handle tighter- adverb)

Forms of the comparative degree tend to be used in a position when connected, i.e. in the role of a predicate, but can also be a definition.

Formed from the base of the original adjective with the help of suffixes - her (s) - bolder,whiter(productive way) or -e, -she - more expensive, richer(unproductive way).

From adjectives with stem to k, g, x and some words with stems in d, t, st comparative degree is formed by means of a suffix –e(at the same time, the final consonant stems alternate with hissing ones) ( loud - louder, quiet - quieter, cool - cooler). In adjectives on -OK and -To the generating stem is truncated, the remaining final consonant alternates with a hissing or paired soft ( high is higher, low is lower).

Comparative forms with suffix –she single ( distant - further, early - earlier, long - longer).

From three adjectives, the form is formed in a suppletive way ( small - less, good - better, bad - worse).

Forms of the comparative degree are not formed from adjectives that name signs that do not change in degrees. Sometimes they are not formed in accordance with the usage, and not the meaning ( dilapidated, alien, scanty).

A complex form of degrees of comparison is formed by adding the word more. Moreover, such combinations can also be formed with a short form ( faster, more red).

Superlatives

The simple form of the superlative degree has features in its meaning: in addition to the above basic meaning of the superiority of quality in an object compared to other objects, this form can denote the highest, ultimate degree of quality in any object without comparison with others. In other words, it can denote an irrespectively high degree of quality: worst enemy, kindest creature.

A simple form is formed by adding a suffix –eysh (-aysh). At the same time, it is not formed from all adjectives, usually those lexemes do not have it, from which the form of the comparative degree is not formed. It may also be absent in those forms that have the form of a comparative degree. These are quality adjectives with suffixes –ast-, -ist, as well as many words with suffixes - liv-, -chiv-, -k-(narrow - narrower, hairy - hairier, silent - more silent).

A complex form is formed by combining a qualitative adjective and the word most. It is not related to lexical restrictions: the reddest, the kindest, the narrowest.

For adjectives with suffixes –ovat-(-evat-) no form of superlative degree is formed, tk. the feature incompleteness value is incompatible with the feature high degree value ( the most deaf, the most deaf).

The superlative form denotes the highest degree of quality. In contrast to the comparative degree, superlative forms cannot express a comparative assessment of the degree of a feature in the same subject and in two subjects.

Degrees of comparison of adjectives have almost all qualitative adjectives. As you can guess from the title, quality adjectives are adjectives that indicate some quality of the noun: good, dark, prominent, talented. Such adjectives have comparative and superlative degree of comparison.

Comparative degree of comparison.

The comparative degree of the adjective expresses the manifestation of some quality of the noun to a greater or lesser extent than that of another noun: This car color is better than the previous one. Your drawing is prettier than mine. This plate is deeper than that one. Comparative degree of adjectives in Russian is simple and complex.

Simple degree of comparison of adjectives formed with the following suffixes:

- e: short - shorter, large - more, steep - steeper;

- her(s): majestic - more majestic, warm - warmer;

- she: young - younger, old - older.

When forming a comparative degree, adjectives sometimes change their root: small - less, bad - worse, good - better. Adjectives in the form of a simple comparative degree do not change endings and do not change.

Compound degree of comparison of adjectives formed by particles more or less, which are added to the form of a positive (initial) degree of comparison: more difficult descent, less accessible mode of transport. Like the full form of the initial (positive) degree of the adjective, the compound degree of comparison is inflected for cases, genders and numbers.

Superlative degree of adjectives.

Superlative adjective assigns the lowest or highest degree of any quality to a noun: It was the coldest winter in 10 years. Like the comparative superlative degree of adjectives in Russian is simple and complex.

Simple superlative adjectives formed by adding suffixes to the stem -aysh-, -eysh-: great - the greatest, sweet - the sweetest, weak - the weakest, small - the smallest. The exception is the words good and bad- they are superlatives replaced by adjectives best and the worst.

In the formation of a complex superlative form, particles are used least/most and most: most/least accessible, most accessible. Both types of superlative adjectives change in case, number, and gender.

Norms of the use of the degree of comparison of adjectives.

  1. The roughest an error in the use of degrees of comparison is the simultaneous use of both degrees of comparison with one noun: more talented, less kind. This mistake should not be made under any circumstances! The only exceptions are two forms of adjectives: the worst and the best.
  2. Not all quality adjectives can form both forms of degrees of comparison, or rather, the suffix method is not available when using such adjectives: fighting, sick, brilliant, immortal, stormy, eternal, upper, strong-willed, possible, outstanding, deaf, heroic, proud, naked, distant, old, businesslike, familiar, cruel, brief, oblique, crooked, peaceful, dead, powerful, lower, unknown, excellent, general, advanced, last, positive, constant, right, similar, empty, early, developed, torn, blind, timid, controversial, urgent, predatory, colored, young, etc. Also, some of these adjectives cannot even form a comparative degree of comparison - for example, one cannot be more naked or less naked, more immortal or less.
  3. There are times when theoretically education and use of superlatives possible, but logically not. For example, the sentence would be incorrect “Aivazovsky is the most talented Russian artist". The number of Russian artists is incredibly large, so to say that one of them most talented will be biased and incorrect. To emphasize the significance in this case, you can use the phrase "one of the most talented". Despite this, often for propaganda purposes or to express one's own opinion, such moments are acceptable. For example, you can say: "I believe Tchaikovsky is the greatest Russian composer of all time." Thus, it will be an expression of a specific subjective opinion that does not violate the lexical norms and logical connections of speech.

ONLY QUALITATIVE ADJECTS HAVE COMPARATIVE DEGREES!

Qualitative adjectives differ in that they can denote a feature in varying degrees of its manifestation ( large - larger - largest). These forms are called degrees of comparison:

    Comparative

    excellent

The paradigm of degrees of comparison also includes the adjective from which forms of degrees of comparison are formed. The semantic basis of the degrees of comparison is a quantitative assessment of the feature measure. In the paradigm of degrees of comparison, the original adjective is called the positive degree form.

Comparative degree (comparative) - denotes a quality that is in any subject to a greater extent than in another, the name of which is put in the form of a gender case or nominative case; the latter is preceded by a comparative conjunction How(truth is more precious than gold).

Superlative (superlative) - denotes the highest degree of quality in any subject compared to another: favorite writer; are declined like normal adjectives.

Comparative and superlative degrees can be expressed in simple (synthetic) and complex (analytical) forms.

comparative

The simple form of the comparative degree does not change by gender, number and case; and therefore it must be able to distinguish it from the form of the comparative degree of the adverb. If a word of this type is syntactically related to a noun, then compare the degree of the adjective, if related to a verb, then compare the degree of the adverb ( oak is stronger than birch- adjunct; he gripped the handle tighter- adverb)

Forms of the comparative degree tend to be used in a position when connected, i.e. in the role of a predicate, but can also be a definition.

Formed from the base of the original adjective with the help of suffixes - her (s) - bolder,whiter(productive way) or -e, -she - more expensive, richer(unproductive way).

From adjectives with stem to k, g, x and some words with stems in d, t, st comparative degree is formed by means of a suffix –e(at the same time, the final consonant stems alternate with hissing ones) ( loud - louder, quiet - quieter, cool - cooler). In adjectives on -OK and -To the generating stem is truncated, the remaining final consonant alternates with a hissing or paired soft ( high is higher, low is lower).

Comparative forms with suffix –she single ( distant - further, early - earlier, long - longer).

From three adjectives, the form is formed in a suppletive way ( small - less, good - better, bad - worse).

Forms of the comparative degree are not formed from adjectives that name signs that do not change in degrees. Sometimes they are not formed in accordance with the usage, and not the meaning ( dilapidated, alien, scanty).

A complex form of degrees of comparison is formed by adding the word more. Moreover, such combinations can also be formed with a short form ( faster, more red).

Superlatives

The simple form of the superlative degree has features in its meaning: in addition to the above basic meaning of the superiority of quality in an object compared to other objects, this form can denote the highest, ultimate degree of quality in any object without comparison with others. In other words, it can denote an irrespectively high degree of quality: worst enemy, kindest creature.

A simple form is formed by adding a suffix –eysh (-aysh). At the same time, it is not formed from all adjectives, usually those lexemes do not have it, from which the form of the comparative degree is not formed. It may also be absent in those forms that have the form of a comparative degree. These are quality adjectives with suffixes –ast-, -ist, as well as many words with suffixes - liv-, -chiv-, -k-(narrow - narrower, hairy - hairier, silent - more silent).

A complex form is formed by combining a qualitative adjective and the word most. It is not related to lexical restrictions: the reddest, the kindest, the narrowest.

For adjectives with suffixes –ovat-(-evat-) no form of superlative degree is formed, tk. the feature incompleteness value is incompatible with the feature high degree value ( the most deaf, the most deaf).

The superlative form denotes the highest degree of quality. In contrast to the comparative degree, superlative forms cannot express a comparative assessment of the degree of a feature in the same subject and in two subjects.

There are three degrees of comparison of adjectives in English: positive, comparative and superlative. In this article we will look at how they are formed and used in speech.

There are three degrees of comparison of adjectives in English: positive (positive degree), comparative (comparative degree) and excellent (superlative degree).

The positive degree of an adjective in English is its dictionary form, such as big, small, or pretty. We use a positive degree to say that an object / person has some kind of attribute or quality. We use the comparative degree when we want to note that an object / person has some quality to a greater extent than others. And the superlative degree of the adjective shows that the object / person has some quality to the greatest extent.

English adjectives fall into two categories:

  • quality adjectives describe some quality, for example: narrow (narrow), beautiful (beautiful), friendly (friendly).
  • relative adjectives some sign is called, for example: wooden (wooden), French (French).

Only quality adjectives have 3 degrees of comparison.

My car is fast but your car is faster. - My car fast but your car faster.
My car is German and your car is French. - My car german and your car french.

French and German are relative adjectives and cannot be compared. It cannot be said that any subject is more German or most French.

Formation of the comparative degree of adjectives in English

Consider the formation of the comparative degree of adjectives using an example. Let's take two roads. One of them is two-way, the other is four-way. Therefore, the second road is wider than the first. You can compare objects using the word than (than, than):

This road is broader than that one. - This road wider, how that.
Do you think that Maddie is more beautiful than Jane? - Do you think that Maddie more beautiful, how Jane?
My mother is taller than her sister. - My mum above, how her sister.

When forming the comparative degree of adjectives in English, it is necessary to take into account the length of the adjective. This length must be measured in syllables. You can check the number of syllables using the How Many Syllables resource.

An adjective one syllable long - big (large), small (small), thin (thin), cute (funny), cold (cold) - is called monosyllabic.

The two-syllable adjective mod-ern (modern), bus-y (busy), clev-er (smart), pret-ty (beautiful) are disyllabic.

An adjective of three or more syllables - beau-ti-ful (beautiful), con-fi-den-tial (secret), de-fen-sive (protective) - is polysyllabic.

Features of the formation of the comparative degree of adjectives in English:

  1. If the adjective is monosyllabic, the comparative degree is formed by adding the suffix -(e)r to the adjective.

    cold (cold) - cold er(colder)
    warm (warm) - warm er(warmer)
    cool (cool) - cool er(cooler)
    safe (safe) - saf er(safer)
    cute (funny) - cut er(more fun)
    wide (wide) - wid er(wider)

    In Canada I got used to colder winters. - In Canada, I'm used to colder winters.
    Kate's dog is cuter than Ann's. - Dog Kate cuter than dog Ann.

    If the adjective ends in a vowel + consonant combination, then the final consonant is doubled.

    big (large) - big g er (more)
    thin (thin, thin) - thin n er (thinner, thinner)
    fat (thick, fatty) - fat t er (fatter, fatter)

    The cuts were thinner but deeper. - The cuts were thinner, but deeper.
    I need a fatter piece of meat than that. - I need fatter piece of meat than this one.
    My bedroom is bigger than the living room. - My room more living room.
    July this year is hotter, I think. - July this year hotter, I think.

  2. Features of the formation of the comparative degree of disyllabic adjectives:
    • For two-syllable adjectives that end in /r/, /l/ or an unstressed vowel, add the suffix -(e)r.

      clever /ˈklevər/ (clever) – clever er(cleverer)
      noble /ˈnəʊbl/ (noble) – nobl er(most noble)
      narrow /ˈnærəʊ/ (narrow) - narrow er(already)

    • bus y(busy) - bus ier(busier)
      cos y(cozy) - cos ier(cozier)

      The house in the mountains was cosier compared to the house we rented at the seaside. - The house was in the mountains cozier compared to the house we rented on the coast.
      New York streets are busier than Philadelphian ones. - New York streets busier than Philadelphia.
      A cleverer student will get an opportunity to go to the contest. - Smarter the student will have the opportunity to go to the competition.

    • Adjectives that end in -ing, -ed, -ful, and -less form the comparative with more.

      thanks ful(grateful) - more thankful (more grateful)
      amus ing(funny) - more amusing (more amusing)

      My previous job was more stressful than this one. - My previous job was more tense than this one.

    • Some disyllabic adjectives have two comparative forms: with the ending -(e)r and with the word more.

      polite (polite) - polit er / more polite (more polite)

  3. If the adjective is polysyllabic, then we form a comparative degree from it by putting the word more in front of it:

    modern (modern) - more modern (more modern)
    famous (famous) - more famous (famous)
    interesting (interesting) - more interesting (more interesting)
    beautiful (beautiful) - more beautiful (more beautiful)
    unexpected (unexpected) - more unexpected (more unexpected)

    It is a more interesting book, believe me. - This more interesting book, trust me.
    You are more beautiful than she ever was. - You more beautiful than she ever was.

    The most famous mistake in English grammar is a phrase said by Lewis Carroll's Alice.

    The mistake is that Alice, defying the rules of grammar, adds the suffix - (e) r to the polysyllabic adjective, but she should have said: more and more curious.

  4. There are exceptions in the formation of degrees of comparison of adjectives:

    good (good) - better (better)
    bad (bad) - worse (worse)
    far (distant) - farther / further (further)
    old (old) - older / elder (older)

    There is no better option. - Not the best option.
    They say I can find a doctor in a farther village. - They say that I can find a doctor in more distant village.
    The situation got worse when I saw the expression on her face. - The situation has become worse when I saw the look on her face.

    Note that the adjective far has two comparative degrees. The choice of the correct form depends on the meaning of the word. When it comes to distance, it doesn't matter which shape you choose.

    It was a farther/further school. - It was more distant school.

    If we want to use this adjective in the sense of "further", "additional", then we use exclusively further.

    For further information, turn to the secretary. - Per further contact the secretary for information.

Formation of superlative adjectives in English

Let's go back to our road example. The first is two-lane, the second is four-lane, and the third is six-lane.

The first road is broader than the second one, but the third road is the broadest. - First road wider second but third way widest.

Let's look at the features of the formation of the superlative degree of English adjectives:

  1. If the adjective is monosyllabic, its superlative degree is formed by adding the suffix -(e)st, and the definite article the is placed before the adjective. If there are other qualifying words, such as a possessive pronoun, the article the is omitted.

    cold (cold) - the cold est(the coldest)
    warm (warm) - the warm est(the warmest)
    cool (cool) - the cool est(the coolest)
    safe (safe) - the saf est(the safest)
    cute (funny) - the cut est(the funniest)
    wide (wide) - the wid est(the widest)

    The kitchen with its stone floor was the coolest place in the house. - Kitchen with stone floor was the coolest place in the house.
    Find the widest part of this figure. - Find widest part of this figure.
    This is mine cutest dog Charlie. - That's mine the cutest dog Charlie.

    If an adjective ends in a vowel + consonant, the final consonant is doubled:

    big (big) - the big g est (largest)
    thin (thin, thin) - the thin n est (thinnest, thinnest)
    fat (thick, fatty) - the fat t est (fattest, fattest)

    I want to find a recipe of a cake with the fat test layer of chocolate. - I want to find a cake recipe with the fattest layer of chocolate.
    She chose the biggest teddy. - She chose the biggest teddy bear.
    In my opinion, Jack must start with the thinnest book. - In my opinion, Jack should start with the thinnest books.

  2. Features of the formation of the superlative degree of disyllabic adjectives:
    • For two-syllable adjectives that end in /r/, /l/ or an unstressed vowel, we add the suffix -(e)st. Remember to put the definite article the before the adjective.

      clever (smart) - the clever est(smartest)
      noble (noble) - the nobl est(more noble)
      narrow (narrow) - the narrow est(the narrowest)

    • If the adjective ends in -y, it changes to -i.

      friendl y(friendly) - the friendl iest(most friendly)
      trend y(fashionable) - the trend iest(most fashionable)

      Cindy is the friendliest kid in the class. - Cindy - the friendliest child in the classroom.
      The remark was the cleverest I had ever heard. - The remark was smartest of all that I have ever heard.
      They chose the narrowest path because it was the shortest. - They chose narrowest path because she was the shortest.

    • Adjectives that end in -ing, -ed, -ful, and -less form the superlative with the most.

      thanks ful(grateful) - the most thankful (most grateful)
      amus ing(funny) - the most amusing (the most amusing)

      Let's watch the most joyful film I've ever seen again! - Let's look again. the most cheerful movie I have ever seen.

    • Some disyllabic adjectives have two comparative forms: the before an adjective with the ending -(e)st or the most before an adjective.

      polite (polite) - the polit est / the most polite (most polite)

  3. Polysyllabic adjectives form superlatives with the most before the adjective.

    modern (modern) - the most modern (the most modern)
    famous (famous) - the most famous (most famous)
    interesting (interesting) - the most interesting (most interesting)
    beautiful (beautiful) - the most beautiful (the most beautiful)
    unexpected (unexpected) - the most unexpected (most unexpected)

    For my grandmother, her village is the most beautiful in the world. - For my grandmother her village the most beautiful in the world.
    Monica Bellucci is the most famous and the most beautiful Italian actress. - Monica Bellucci - the most famous and the most beautiful Italian actress.

  4. Exceptions in the formation of superlative adjectives:

    good (good) - the best (best)
    bad (bad) - the worst (worst)
    far (far) - the farthest / the furthest (farthest)
    old (old) - the oldest (oldest) / the eldest (oldest)

    Gary is not the worst lawyer in the town, but he is not the best, though. - Gary not the worst lawyer in town but not best.
    As usual, she found what she needed in the farthest store. - As usual, she found what she needed in farthest store.

Less and least

We use less when we want to note that an object / person has some quality to a lesser extent than others, and the least - to the least extent.

hard (heavy) - less hard (less heavy) - the least hard (least heavy)
famous (known) - less famous (less known) - the least famous (least known)
beautiful (beautiful) - less beautiful (less beautiful) - the least beautiful (least beautiful)

She is now a less famous actress than 20 years ago. - Now she lesser known actress than 20 years ago.
Let's choose a less expensive hotel. - Let's choose less expensive hotel.
First, I offer to choose the least beautiful dress. - First I suggest to choose least beautiful the dress.
The least tiring journey was to Los Angeles because they took the train. - Least exhausting had a trip to Los Angeles because they took the train.

Now let's move on to the test on the degree of comparison in English.

Test on the topic "Degrees of comparison of adjectives in English"

We hope that after our detailed explanation, you will be able to easily use the comparative and superlative degrees of adjectives in English.

Adjective [ˈadʒɪktɪv] or an adjective in English is a part of speech denoting a sign of an object / person / phenomenon. Perhaps, after the verb and noun, it is the most used of all tenses. According to their meaning, adjectives are divided into relative and qualitative. The latter differ in that they can vary in degree of comparison. The degrees of comparison of adjectives in English are formed according to certain rules, which will be discussed today.

There are three degrees of comparison of adjectives in English. All of them are similar to Russian degrees, and therefore this topic should not be taken lightly. Let's consider each degree separately, having studied the features, education and methods of use.

Positive degree [ˈpɒzɪtɪv dɪˈɡriː] or positive degree is the easiest. English has made your task easier, and therefore you do not need to form this degree. You just need to take an English adjective in its simple dictionary form and use the word in a sentence. Since when we use an adjective in this form we are not comparing it to anything, the positive degree is often treated separately, outside the topic of comparison. In any case, you need to know about it. Examples of a positive degree:

But for comparison, comparative and superlative degrees are used. In these degrees, there are more nuances that need to be analyzed in more detail.

Comparative degree of adjectives in English

Comparative degree or comparative degree is used to compare the characteristics / attributes of two or more objects and persons. Perhaps such an explanation did not clarify anything for you, but this topic is characteristic of both English and Russian, so if you compare this form with the Russian comparative degree, everything will become much clearer:

We are sure that you no longer have questions about what a comparative degree is. But how to form this degree in English? For this, two comparative forms are used:

  1. If the word consists of one or two syllables, it has the ending -er in the comparative degree:

However, when adding -er, there are certain nuances to consider:

  • If the adjective ends in -e, that letter is omitted:
  • But the ending -y changes to -i:

Exceptions are words that have a vowel before -y:

  1. If the adjective consists of three syllables or more, the degree is formed by adding the words more (more) and less (less):

Comparisons of adjectives in English - superlative adjectives

The superlative degree or superlative form in English is used to show that some object or person, in comparison with others, is “the very best”, that is, it surpasses all others. The superlative form is also compared with Russian adjectives in the same degree. For example:

There are also two options for the formation of this form of the adjective. Each of them is preceded by a definite one, since adjectives in the superlative degree imply some specific, special object or person:

  1. The ending -est is added to an adjective with one or two syllables:
positive degree Superlatives
large (large) the largest
great (great) the greatest (greatest)
pretty (beautiful) the prettiest (the most beautiful)
dear (dear) the dearest (the most expensive)
funny (funny) the funniest (the funniest)
short (short) the shortest (the shortest)
long (long) the longest (the longest)

Please note that the rules for attaching an ending work with this form as well.

  1. If the adjective has 3 or more syllables, then the words (the) most (most / most) and (the) least (least) are attached to it:

Despite the rules, some two-syllable comparative and superlative adjectives, however, can be formed with both -er / -est and more - less / most - least. For example, they include words such as:

Adjective comparative Superlatives
-er more/less -est most / least
clever cleverer more (less) clever cleverest the most (least) clever
simple

(simple)

simpler more (less) simple simplest the most (least) simple
stupid stupider more (less) stupid stupidest the most (least) stupid
quiet quieter more (less) quiet quietest the most (least) quiet
common commoner more (less) common commonest the most (least) common
polite

(polite)

politer more (less) polite politest the most (least) polite
narrow narrower more (less) narrow narrowest the most (least) narrow
angry

(angry)

angry more (less) angry angryest the most (least) angry
cruel

(cruel)

crueler more (less) cruel cruelest the most (least) cruel
sour sourer more (less) sour sourest the most (least) sour
gentle gentler more (less) gentle gentlest the most (least) gentle
friendly

(friendly)

friendlier more (less) friendly friendliest the most (least) friendly
pleasant

(nice)

pleasanter more (less) pleasant pleasantest the most (least) pleasant
able

(capable)

abler more (less) able ablest the most (least) able

Preference is now increasingly given to the forms more / less and most / least.

There are also three-syllable exception adjectives that form degrees with -er and -est. These include words that, with the help of prefixes, change the original meaning of a short adjective to the opposite. For example, adjectives: happy (happy) - unhappy (unhappy), tidy (tidy) - untidy (unkempt), kind (kind) - unkind (unkind), lucky (lucky) - unlucky (unsuccessful), safe (reliable) - unsafe (unreliable):

positive degree comparative Superlatives
unhappy unhappier unhappiest
untidy untidier untidiest
unkind unkinder unkindest
unlucky unluckier unluckiest
unsafe unsafe unsafe

In addition, there are exception words, all 3 forms of which are significantly different from each other and do not obey standard education, just like English irregular verbs. Such words of the English language just need to be remembered. Study them according to the table:

positive degree comparative Superlatives
good

(good)

better the best
bad worse the worst
little

(little)

less the least

(least)

many/much more the most

(largest)

far

(far about the place)

farther

(more distant)

the farthest

(the farthest)

far

(distant about a place or time)

further

(further)

the furthest

(the farthest)

old

(old about people and things)

older the oldest

(the oldest)

old

(senior in the family)

elder the eldest

(oldest)

late

(late about time)

later

(later)

the latest

(latest)

late

(last in order)

last

(second of two)

the last

(last)

near

(close in distance)

nearer

(closer)

the nearest

(nearest)

near

(close in order or time)

nearer

(closer)

the next

(next)

Compound adjectives in English that contain the above exceptions can be built in both ways:

The first option, however, is more preferable.

In other cases, compound adjectives use the second way of forming comparative and superlative degrees:

The use of the degree of comparison of adjectives in English

We talked about the rules for the formation of degrees, it remains only to understand how to use these adjectives in sentences.

  • When using English comparative adjectives in a sentence, the conjunction than (than) is used to introduce a comparison. Examples:
Animals are more honest than humans; you can always understand their intentions. Animals are more honest than people. You can always understand their intentions.
Cars are faster than bicycles. Cars are faster than bicycles.
Nothing can be worse than betrayal. Nothing can be worse than betrayal.
It's better to try and fail than to fail to try. Better to try and fail than not to try at all.
There is no other name than yours in my head. There are no other names in my head but yours.
Elizabeth made it a thousand times better than John but I decided not to hurt him and said nothing. Elizabeth did it a thousand times better than John, but I decided not to upset him and didn't tell him anything.
The black costume suits you better than the blue one. The black suit suits you better than the blue one.
George won the fight because he was more prepared than his rival. George won the fight because he was more prepared than his opponent.

To the sentence, or rather to the word more, you can add the adverb rather. Rather more is usually used for comparison in the sense of "better..., not..." or "better... than...":

Sometimes the subject being compared can be omitted if the context implies it, or if the speaker knows that the interlocutor will understand him. Suggestions as examples:

If you want to emphasize that the first person / object is much (much) better, more beautiful, and so on, the sentence should contain the word much, which is placed before the degree:

Study the following table for examples:

The comparative degree is also used in three constructions:

  1. The comparative degree, the comparative degree. In simple terms, this construction is similar to the sentences “what ..., so ...”. Table with examples for clarity:
The more, the better. The bigger, the better.
The less you know, the better you sleep. The less you know the better you sleep.
The older you become, the more responsibilities you should take. The older you get, the more responsibilities you need to take on.
The faster you run, the harder it is to catch. The faster you run, the harder (you) to catch.
The more you procrastinate, the less time you have. The more you put off for later, the less time you have left.
The more dialects you know, the better you can communicate with people. The more dialects you know, the better you can communicate with people.
The more you work, the more you get, remember this. Remember, the more you work, the more you get.
The more I learn, the more I realize how much I don't know. The more I know, the more I realize that I don't know anything.
  1. More positive power than positive power. An analogue is the phrase "rather ... than." Such a construction is possible when we compare the characteristics of the same object/person.
  1. You can also use "more than" in a row without adding words between them. This construction has the meaning of "more than". These two words can be followed by an adjective and/or a noun, both of which are valid:
  • For the superlative degree, no additional conjunctions need to be used. Such adjectives in a sentence are used as standard instead of a positive degree:

As in Russian, in such sentences, the option is not “the most”, but “one of the most”:

In one sentence, two degrees of comparison can fit at once:

Today we examined the features of the degrees of comparison of adjectives in English. Having memorized the rules for their formation, you can use these degrees in speech without any difficulty. In order to consolidate the material, return to the article, review the tables with examples and make up your own sentences. And most importantly - study English with pleasure, because if you are interested in the process, English grammar will be given to you much faster and easier.



 
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