Russian military jargon. Army Dictionary What is a gas station called in the army?
AKULINA - Kalashnikov assault rifle (AK).
ALI is a soldier from Azerbaijan.
ARA is a soldier from Armenia.
ARMADA - army.
AFGHANKA - summer field uniform of a modern type (developed during the Afghan war).
RUNNING - 1) training forced march; 2) desertion.
RUNNER - “Warrior-athlete” badge (the obverse depicts a figure of a running man).
FIGHTER - a recruit, a soldier in the first half of his service.
BOLTANKA, BOLTUCHA - 1) porridge (usually pearl barley); 2) stew.
BORZUKHA - 1) a fold on the back of a tunic, which is made by an old man in violation of the regulations; 2) pearl barley porridge.
BROTHER - an appeal from a private or sergeant to an equal in rank.
VISITING A TALE is the soldier's name for the Sunday program “Serving the Soviet Union,” which until August 1991 was obligatory to be watched by the entire company in the presence of the political officer.
JACK - a soldier who shirks all work.
OARS ON THE WATER! - in the dining room: command to start eating.
HANGER - a critical situation, sometimes leading to the suicide of a soldier.
TAKEOFF - free space for formations in the sleeping area.
FIGHT - take part in exercises simulating combat operations.
GOALKEEPER - A soldier standing at a checkpoint.
VSHIVNIK - a sweater worn under a uniform jacket in violation of the regulations.
CITIZEN - a soldier on the eve of demobilization.
GUBA - guardhouse
PRESSURE (ON) MASS - sleep.
DAG is a soldier from Dagestan.
Grandfather is a soldier of the fourth half of the year of service.
TO GRANDFATHER - 1) to be an old-timer, to finish serving in the army; 2) show cruelty towards recruits, exploit and humiliate them.
GRANDFATHER'S TALES - rhyming tales that young soldiers read to old soldiers after lights out.
DEMBEL - 1) demobilization from the army, dismissal; 2) a soldier who has only a short time left before demobilization. Signs of D. going home: a briefcase with a demobilization album and civilian things, a parade jacket with ironed arrows, a white belt, aiguillette, a chevron on a white lining, extra stripes on the shoulder straps.
DEMBEL CHORD - a job at the end of which the old-timer is transferred to the reserve.
DEMBEL ALBUM is a beautifully designed album with photographs, drawings and inscriptions reminiscent of the years of army service.
DIESEL - disciplinary battalion.
DISCO - dishwasher in the soldiers' canteen.
HOUSE ARREST is about a girl who is waiting “in civilian life.”
SPIRIT - soldier of the first half of the year of service.
BUGS - insignia of the Signal Corps (on buttonholes and chevron).
SMELL - a soldier before taking the oath.
ZEMA - fellow countryman.
KALACH, KALASH - Kalashnikov assault rifle.
KAPTERKA - utility room in the barracks.
CRUCCIAN - 1) recruit; 2) a soldier (sailor) who has served for one year.
KOMOD - squad leader.
CODER - encoder.
PIGIT is a specially twisted belt used as a whip when transferring young soldiers to a higher level of the non-statutory hierarchy.
FLY - to do something very quickly on the orders of a commander or by order of an old-timer.
BRA - a pouch for magazines for a machine gun.
LOS is a soldier of the air assault battalion (ASB).
MAZUT - 1) one who serves in combined arms units with black shoulder straps; 2) driver.
MAKAR is a pistol of the Makarov system.
MASHKA - 1) mop; 2) a block for polishing parquet floors in the barracks.
GRAVE - a place to sleep during field exercises - a depression in the ground, covered with a raincoat.
YOUNG - a soldier in his first year of service.
MILK - the space around the target.
ANT is a soldier of the autumn conscription.
SHORTAGE - a soldier (usually young) who experiences a constant feeling of hunger.
CUCUMBER - a soldier who served for six months.
WEAPONS - a weapons room in a barracks or guardhouse.
CUTS - a pair of narrow boards used to straighten the edges of a blanket on a soldier's bunk.
FIGHT OUT - go to bed (from the “hang up” command).
OCCHKO - toilet, toilet.
FALL, FALL - urgently begin to carry out the order of the commander or the assignment of an old-timer.
PARADKA - dress uniform.
TRANSLATION is a ritual of introducing young soldiers to the next level of the non-statutory hierarchy. Old men inflict six or twelve blows on young people with a pigtail - according to the number of months served.
PES - 1) sergeant; 2) guard soldier.
TO SAW - to cut veins in the hope of getting exemption from military service.
CHANGE - a changeable uniform for dirty work.
HELM - a piece of fabric (usually white) folded in a certain way, used instead of removable collars. There is an unwritten set of rules for hemming for soldiers depending on their length of service.
POLKAN - Colonel.
TOMATO is a soldier of the internal troops.
POMP - assistant commander for political affairs (in the navy).
UNDERSTAND SERVICE - for young soldiers: pass the first service tests (in a statutory or non-statutory form).
PORTUPEA - officer.
Footcloth - a blank sheet of paper for writing home.
SNIFFING foot wraps - serving in the army.
ORDER - an order from the Minister of Defense on transfer to the reserve.
TO PLOW - to force a young soldier to do some kind of work.
BUCKLE - army.
PRYANIK - a soldier in the second half of his service.
DISCOVER - resign from the army.
PLANE - 1) a soldier who curries favor with his superiors; 2) a soldier who has offended his superiors.
SABER - 1) a bow from the headboard, used as a bladed weapon; 2) the part of the belt not tucked into the training jacket.
SALAGA - soldier of the first half of the year of service.
AWOL - unauthorized departure from a unit.
CRICKET - long-term soldier.
ROTTING ON THE BEDTILE - stand for several outfits out of turn.
ELEPHANT - soldier of the first year of service.
Snot - a narrow strip on shoulder straps.
OLD MAN - a soldier in his second year of service. Signs of S. - shod boots with an accordion, a bent badge, a thick hem, an unbuttoned jacket collar, a loose belt, sewn trousers, an ironed overcoat, a “cube” hat.
Trunks - insignia of artillery troops.
STODNEVKA - one hundred days remaining before the demobilization order and the ritual celebration of this date.
STAND - the “old man’s” way of hemming collars.
SUCHOK - a Kalashnikov assault rifle with a short folding stock (AKSU).
TO DRAG SERVICE - to be on duty or on guard.
TRAINCHIK - a movable ring on the waist belt. Young people are required to wear T. at a distance of the width of the palm from the plaque. Among old people, the absence of T is considered chic.
THREE FINGERS - shooting mittens with a “dedicated” index finger.
STANDARD, STANDBAND - a raised platform at the entrance to the barracks, where the orderly stands.
UVAL - dismissal to the city.
BOA - a soldier in the first half of his service.
ARTICLE - 100% subordination to the Charter in a military unit (as a rule, “exemplary”).
TRAINING - 1) the first months of service, during which the soldier undergoes a course of study in his future specialty; 2) the part where the soldier undergoes training.
EARS - 1) signalmen; 2) communication.
FEASIAN - a young soldier of spring conscription.
PLYWOOD - chest.
CHICK - 1) a soldier standing on guard at the time of any hazing; 2) duty near the guard box; 3) guard box.
HAVCHIK - food, lunch.
TRUNK - gas mask.
KOMUT - ensign.
BURY A CIGARET BUT is a type of non-statutory drill when soldiers are required, in full combat gear, to carry a cigarette butt on a raincoat to the “burial site” (usually several kilometers from the starting position) and bury it in a large hole they dug.
CENTER - outfit in the kitchen.
CHECKIST - a young soldier in the internal troops.
CHEPOK - a soldier's teahouse on the territory of a military unit.
BLACK BATTALION - a unit staffed primarily by natives of the southern republics.
CHERPAK is a soldier in the second half of his service.
ChMO is a soldier who is in a position of constantly being humiliated, who has lost all respect from others and is doing the dirtiest work.
SO THAT SERVICE DOESN'T SEEM TO BE HONEY is a saying with which old people smell like honey.
CHUKHAN - a soldier - an object of constant ridicule.
SHAR is a soldier who is shirking work.
SHARILA - a soldier who shirks all work.
CHEVRON - sleeve badge.
SHUNROK - a soldier in the second half of his service.
RAMROD - corporal.
SCREW - soldier.
RUSH - 1) to do something very quickly; 2) perform some non-prestigious work: sweeping, washing floors, polishing parquet floors, etc.
..a letter from the Army or how to understand a soldier (army slang)(P. Pomogaev)
Army. A language of strange words and incomprehensible terms.
And if your son, friend or friend wrote you a letter from the army and you can’t figure it out, then look here.The personnel of a platoon (company, battalion) are located in barracks, the interior of which may have the following terms:
“Raspalaga” – barracks, location of a platoon (company, battalion). A place for rest, sleep, and storage of personal belongings of platoon (company, battalion) soldiers.
The barracks may also have a “leisure room,” or as it is still called the “Lenin room,” which contains military literature, magazines, newspapers, checkers, chess, statistics of unit units, etc.
“Vzletka” is a corridor in the barracks, on both sides of which there are “cubbies”
During my father’s service, the floor of the take-off was made of wood, which had to be cleaned with glass and a “mash”. Now many barracks have linoleum.
“Kubrick” is a place where there are bunks on which soldiers sleep.
A small room where a squad or platoon sleeps.
“Shkonka” (shkonar) – an iron bed for sleeping and “drying crocodiles.”
Beds in the army are often bunk beds.The products also have their own specific names, at the beginning of the service I thought that “balls” were ice cream, but for some reason they have such a strange name. But in reality:
“Balls” – cookies, gingerbreads, waffles in a bag.
In our part, the “grandfathers” explained it this way: before, the saleswoman “cap” tied a bag and it looked like a ball.
“Perlyak” – pearl barley porridge
“Tushnyak” – stewed meat
“Sgukha” – condensed milk
“Mazik” – mayonnaise
“Posypukha” is a food seasoning, like those that housewives add to soups and porridges for taste.
“Gazyava” – sodaTitles also have their own abbreviations. But if “litekha” and “polkan” are understandable abbreviations, then many cannot understand these without decoding.
For those who don't know:
"Liteha" - lieutenant
"Polkan" - Colonel
And those who served are unlikely to forget that:
“Castle” – deputy platoon commander, often a sergeant.
“Komod” is a squad commander, often a junior sergeant.
“Mamley” is a junior lieutenant, but such a rank is rarely found in military units
"Underground" - Lieutenant Colonel
"Prapor" - ensign
You can also hear job cuts:
“Zampolit” – deputy commander of a company (battalion, regiment) for political work. Now this position is called “Deputy for Educational Work,” but still, as a memory of the Red Army, people everywhere say “political officer.”
"Platooner" - platoon commander.
"Company" - company commander.
"Combat" - battalion commander
In addition to ranks and positions, soldiers and all officers are called “Jackal”.Almost 90% of a soldier's personal belongings can be described by the following term:
“Soap-snout” (rylnyak) – everything that relates to personal hygiene (soap, washcloth, toothpaste, toothbrush, razor, shaving foam, etc.)
The remaining 10% is occupied by a pen, notebook, thread, needles, etc.Some clothes and uniforms of a soldier are called this:
"Beluga" - underwear worn by soldiers in winter. Consists of ankle-length pants and a two-button shirt.
“Komok” is a camouflage uniform for a soldier and an officer. May be called field form. In the army they are often green.
“Paradka” is the dress uniform of soldiers and officers, which is worn during festive marches, parades, etc.
On the lump collar you can see a strip of white fabric called the hem. This is a white collar, sewn every morning or evening. The white collar is a symbol of the soldier’s cleanliness and neatness.
“Footcloths” - a light fabric that is wrapped around the feet instead of socks, is used only with tarpaulin boots.
"Kirzachi" - tarpaulin boots. My call managed to “taste” all the charm of the boots. The next call-up served in combat boots.
“Belts” are high army boots with laces.
"Gazik" - gas mask.
“OZK” is a general-arms protective kit designed to protect people from toxic substances, biological agents and radiation dust.
“PPE” – personal protective equipment, devices designed to protect the skin and respiratory system from the effects of toxic substances and other harmful impurities in the air.And a couple more terms from the category of “slang”:
“Grandfather” is a senior soldier, so to speak, the guardian of the “spirit”
“Spirit” - a young soldier who took the oath
“Dukhanka” is a period of military service when a soldier is considered a “spirit”.
“Elephant” is an intermediate stage between “spirit” and “scoop”.
“Skull” (scoop) is a soldier who served a quarter of his term.
“Grandfather” is a soldier who has less than a quarter of his term left until the end of his service.
“Demobilization” – “grandfather”, who will soon be transferred to the reserve
“Cheesecake, cookie, gingerbread, bean” - various types of blows (on the neck, on the forehead, etc.)
“Stick in” - get knocked up, get into a hole.
“Loosen up” - give in, relax. An action not permissible for the “spirit”
To fumble –
1. Get a job where no one pushes you, no one yells, no one stands over your soul.2. Relax while everyone else is working
“Trick” is a danger signal. A synonym for the word is atas.
“Sniff” – strain
“Chase” - run after something
“Squash, pinch” - sleep.Of course, this article does not claim to be a complete list of all military terms. How many parts, so many opinions. But you'll definitely get the gist.
Russian military jargon is the most inaccessible and until recently unofficially prohibited area of Russian linguistics, especially in those parts that come into contact with the jargon of the Main Intelligence Directorate, the State Security Committee and other secret organizations of the USSR. This, in particular, explains the lack of research into Russian military jargon, in contrast, for example, to English. Another reason for its lack of research is the difficulty of collecting jargon, the inaccessibility of military society for outside research, the impossibility of authorized questionnaires, surveys and microphone recording of modern live conversational speech of speakers of military jargon.
There has been a special interest in the army over the last ten to fifteen years. In a certain sense, the army is a model of our society; it is there that the social, economic and cultural processes taking place in Russia are reflected. Therefore, this work is characterized by the sociocultural aspect of studying the problem indicated in the title. The novelty of this study lies in the very interpretation of the topic, hence its relevance today. The subject of the work is the study of the linguistic implementation of military jargon. The object of the study was the jargon of a military unit located on the territory of the Achinsk region in the village of Kamenka. The soldier and officer corps of the unit is diverse; people come to serve here from different territories and regions of the Russian Federation: from Gorky and Ryazan, from Kazan and Samara, Krasnoyarsk and Penza, from the northern territories and Krasnodar. Coming to one team, military personnel bring their own words and expressions specific to each area, enriching their speech with local jargon. Hence the purpose of this study: to establish the social and cultural reasons for the emergence and spread of army vocabulary in the colloquial speech of military personnel. This goal determined the formulation of the following tasks:
1. analyze theoretical material related to the study of jargon, in particular military jargon;
2. consider ways to form military jargon;
3. identify lexical, grammatical, syntactic features of army slang;
4. identify the hidden additional semantics of the structural and syntactic features of the object being studied;
5. analyze the use of military jargon in army folklore.
In solving the above problems, we used the following methods and techniques:
1. method of linguistic observation;
2. descriptive method;
3. method of internal interpretation (method of taxonomy and classification).
Characteristics of argot and jargons
Language is “practical, real consciousness”, which reflects not only the socio-historical experience of mankind, but also the social status of a particular layer of society. The choice and activation of various linguistic means in each specific case depends on the goals, objectives and conditions of communication, as well as on the social environment, age group and many other factors. This is how the functional stratification of the Russian language manifests itself. In various functional layers of the language, a unique style system is used: in everyday life - everyday, in socio-political life - journalistic, in administrative and legal life - business. Social dialects also differ, which are usually divided into three large groups: jargons, conventionally professional languages, and argot.
"Jargon" - from the French "jargon" - is the speech of a relatively open social or professional group, which differs from the general spoken language in its special composition of words and expressions. This is a conventional language, understandable only in a certain environment; it contains many artificial, sometimes conventional words and expressions. However, at present there is a tendency for jargon to go beyond the boundaries of the professional or social groups that gave birth to it, the reasons for this, on the one hand, are the widening of the gap between literary and slang speech, on the other, democratization and even “vulgarization” of public life. Jargon tends to increase the pace of speech; for this purpose, abbreviations, shortened words, and abbreviations are used. Even the linguistic terms “jargon” and “argo” themselves increasingly began to be replaced by a shorter one - “slang”.
Initially, slang was the jargon of informal youth groups, created on the basis of English words (“hair” - hair). The slang migrated to other youth groups, and then to the criminal environment (“killer” is a professional hired killer).
In public linguistic speech practice, there is a special type of bilingualism associated with the so-called marginal culture.
Margo, marginus (lat.) - edge, border. Marginal culture is the culture of the “edge”, the social “bottom”, which arose among people prone to illegal behavior. Marginalized people are interested in maintaining closure and isolation of their cultural environment from the rest of the world, which they perceive as alien and hostile.
These goals are served by the specific language of a marginal culture - argo (from the French "argot"). There are several main functions of argo:
1. Conspiratorial - hide information from outsiders who do not belong to the community of thieves. Argo is developed spontaneously; many words from argot can pass into ordinary spoken language. Recently, more and more words from argot are penetrating into common vocabulary.
2. Identification. Argo is the password by which declassed elements recognize each other. When the thief is brought into a new cell, he asks: “Are there people?” (people are thieves who follow thieves’ rules). 3. Worldview (serving criminal activities). Persons belonging to a marginal culture become bilingual: in their environment they use argot, and when communicating in normal conditions they use the national literary language. The mechanisms for mastering argotic speech are simplified, since argot does not have its own grammar and differs from the literary language only in its lexical composition.
1. 1. Military jargon. History of the issue.
For the first time in our country, scientist, Professor V.A. Khomyakov identified two vernaculars: expressive vernacular (corresponding to general slang) and socio-professional vernacular (corresponding to special slang). Social and professional vernacular includes various sociolects - jargons, corporate and professional, various types of kent, or argot, that is, dialects of the criminal world. It is to professional jargon that V. A. Khomyakov and his follower V. P. Korovushkin include military jargon.
Professor V.M. Khomyakov proposed the theory of “Non-standard vocabulary”. It gives a more specific and understandable idea of the specifics of the functioning of military jargon as a socio-professional vernacular. In a brief summary, the main provisions of this theory are as follows:
1. Social isolation and specificity of functioning act as distinctive features of jargon, including military jargon.
2. Military jargon can make speech incomprehensible to an outside observer. They can act ritually, as if emphasizing the commonality of the military profession in the past or present; military jargon can also be a kind of “password” - an indicator of belonging to the soldier’s brotherhood.
3. Methods of semantization of jargon, including military ones, are as follows: a) direct translation - sociosemantic repetition; b) duplication of jargon with others that are better known and used more often in colloquial speech; c) use of a broad context;
Taking into account the main provisions of the theory of V. A. Khomyakov, one can consider military jargon as the historical, social experience of people, entrenched in certain systems of cultural values and traditions that indirectly ensure the collective nature of human life. According to this, we can identify the main reasons for the appearance of military jargon.
The first reason for the appearance of military jargon is the need to convey concepts that do not have a one-word expression in Russian. In military jargon, there are a large number of words and phraseological units used to designate those objects and phenomena for which there is no equivalent in the literary language. For example, “chipok” is a store.
The second reason is the desire for verbal expressiveness. This is a response to frequent stress and alienation from society. This is how the desire for self-affirmation, bravado and ostentatious recklessness are manifested. And military jargon is a kind of “outlet” for military personnel.
The third reason, and probably one of the main reasons for the emergence of military jargon, is the need to denote the realities of military life. Military jargon is also born in order to refresh old concepts of generally accepted literary language and replace them with new, more expressive and concise ones.
Based on the above, it can be noted that in the structure of the national language, military jargon is located between expressive vernacular and extraliterary forms of speech (coarse vernacular, local dialects).
1. 2. Functions of military jargon
Military jargon acts as a means of communication between people of the same age category. It differs in that the slang names in question refer only to this world, thus separating it from everything else, and are often incomprehensible to people of other categories. Communication with military personnel is of great value for a soldier. It often becomes so attractive that the literary language is relegated to the background and the possibility of communicating in a generally accepted language no longer looks so attractive. Based on an analysis of the literature on the topic under study and taking into account all of the above, the researchers identified the functions of military jargon.
One of its main functions is information content. After all, military jargon carries important information. Military personnel attach a certain meaning to every word. A striking example of this is the common jargon found in almost all military units and units - “SPIRIT”. This is an abbreviation of the phrase “I really want to go home.” Of course, during service you always want to go home, and the most difficult period for soldiers is in the first six months. It can be easily determined that this military jargon is applicable to military personnel of the first period of service. The phrases used by the soldiers sound more playful than ordinary ones, giving the speech a humorous character and turning into a “collective game.” Therefore, the second main function of military jargon is motivation. The main principle of jargon is the element of shock, shaking. It reflects the relationship between military personnel. There is a special jargon “one” in the soldier’s vocabulary. When it is pronounced, and the word can only be pronounced by “grandfathers,” one of the “spirits” must come out and carry out any order spoken to him. By using this particular jargon, one soldier encourages another to perform a certain task. Judging by the jargon, the attitude towards this or that soldier is also determined.
The expressive function of military jargon is the broadest in its meaning. Expressive means include words and expressions, the main feature of which is emotional connotation, which serves to express a positive or negative assessment. To summarize the above, it should be noted: for many centuries, military personnel have not abandoned slang word formations, since the slang coloring of such word formation options attracts them because such words seem to be born again and especially expressive. Therefore, slang vocabulary is widespread in the speech of military personnel. At the same time, military jargon is not used without reason, but has its own functions: informative, stimulating and expressive.
3. Military jargon XVIII – XX
Quite clearly and reliably, Russian military jargon correlates with wars or long-term military conflicts in which the armed forces of Russia and the USSR have taken part over the past three centuries. Let us trace this using the examples proposed by V.P. Korovushkin. 1
Military Jargon XVIII
1. The period covering the Russian-Turkish wars (1686-1713) and the Northern War (1700-21) can be considered the beginning of the formation of Russian military jargon: “dura” (gun), “ball” (cannonball), “fart” (shoot ).
2. During the period covering the wars of the Polish Succession (1733-35) and the Austrian Succession (1740-48), the Russian-Turkish War (1735-39), jargon appeared in the everyday life of cuirassier officers: “dove” (double-headed eagle on ceremonial helmet).
3. During the Russian-Swedish War (1741-43), the Seven Years' War (1756-63) and the Russian-Turkish (1768-74) wars, in addition to the above-mentioned jargons, the following were also used: “garrison rat” (staff or non-combatant officer or soldier), “ karaulnya" (guardroom), "flying army" (vanguard units).
4. During the Russian-Turkish (1781-91) and Russian-Swedish (1788-90) wars, military jargon was enriched with such elements as: “busurman” (a soldier of irregular Turkish troops), “break off” (to march).
Military jargon XIX
1. At the turn of the XVIII-XIX centuries. during the Italian and Swiss campaigns (1799), during the Russian-Iranian (1804-13), Russian-Austro-French (1805), Russian-Prussian-French (1806-07), Russian-Turkish (1806-12) and During the Russian-Swedish (1808-09) wars, military jargon was enriched with the following elements: “bourbon” (an officer who came from the lower ranks), “send to the grass to rest” (send an officer to retire), “trinkat” (drink).
2. During the Patriotic War (1812), military jargon expanded significantly due to such jargon as: “Dumpty and Only” (M. B. Barclay de Tolly), “big caps” (higher authorities), “verb” (shoot from a cannon), "Matveevna" (cannon).
3. During the Crimean and Russian-Turkish (1877-78) wars, including the Bukhara and Kokand campaigns, Russian military and naval jargon was enriched with the following jargon: “dentist” (combat officer), “corps rat” (“land” naval chief), "brushing teeth" (fight).
Military jargon XX
1. The Russo-Japanese War gave rise to a large number of new jargons: “Gastroler” (war correspondent), “macaque” (Japanese soldier).
1. V. P. Korovushkin “Dictionary of Russian military jargon (non-standard vocabulary and phraseology of the armed forces and paramilitary organizations of the Russian Empire, the USSR and the Russian Federation of the 18th – 20th centuries)”, Yekaterinburg, 20002.
2. During the period between the Russian-Japanese and the First World War (1MB) the following jargons appeared in military use: “spirit” (stoker on a ship), “stoker” (a mixture of whiskey, beer, pepper, mustard and salt). 1. V. P. Korovushkin “Dictionary of Russian military jargon (non-standard vocabulary and phraseology of the armed forces and paramilitary organizations of the Russian Empire, the USSR and the Russian Federation of the 18th – 20th centuries)”, Yekaterinburg, 20002.
3. During the 1MB period (1914-18), a lot of new jargon was created: “kill a blackbird” (get drunk until you lose consciousness), “croak” (shoot a bomb), “mortar” (field kitchen).
4. The Great Patriotic War (1941-45) gave rise to a huge number of new military jargons: “Karlusha” (German soldier), “Sabantuy” (battle), “Slavs” (infantry), “soldier’s wife” (rifle), “ forty" (cigarette butt, plane tree, bull).
5. The war in Afghanistan sharply intensified slang word creation: “indefinite demobilization” (death), “mass grave” (trench), “cat house” (women’s dormitory), “rafik” (Afghan soldier), “Romashka” (women’s dormitory) , "black tulip" (the plane carrying zinc coffins with the bodies of the dead).
10. With the end of the Afghan war, military conflicts did not stop. Currently, both Afghan veterans - local residents - and "wild geese" (mercenaries) from other countries are taking part in civil wars in the states of Central Asia and Transcaucasia. Their jargon is still waiting for its collector and researcher.
In conclusion, it should be noted that in some cases it is possible to establish with certainty up to a year, sometimes a month or even a day, the time of occurrence or the period of operation of some military jargon. But basically it is very difficult to determine at what time a certain military jargon appeared.
1. V. P. Korovushkin “Dictionary of Russian military jargon (non-standard vocabulary and phraseology of the armed forces and paramilitary organizations of the Russian Empire, the USSR and the Russian Federation of the 18th – 20th centuries)”, Yekaterinburg, 20002.
2. Sources of formation of military jargon
Having traced the path of a word from its very birth to its transition into the speech of military personnel, researchers have found that military jargon is a kind of “outlet” that facilitates the process of adaptation of military personnel to military service.
Having analyzed the situation of the use of military jargon among military personnel, the researchers identified several of the most characteristic sources of the formation of military jargon.
A powerful source of formation of the lexical composition of military jargon is the literary language. Literary vocabulary gets into jargon in two ways.
The first way is the emergence of new, figurative meanings for words in common vocabulary. And this feature is indeed very often found in the speech of the studied jargon of military personnel of a given military unit, for example, “catch up” - understand, assimilate.
A characteristic feature of jargon is its synonymization. Unlike, say, synonymization in a literary language, where one concept is replaced by a neutral, decent expression appropriate to the context, in military jargon it has the character of banter and mockery.
Thus, the synonymous series of jargons denoting the concept of “death”, according to the results of our research, has about 6 expressions. For example, in the part under study you can hear: die - “wrap up your sneakers”, “glue your flippers together”, “move your horses” and so on. There is another gaming technique used in military jargon, which is also used by the military personnel of this unit - this is the convergence of words based on sound similarity, sound transfer: for example, “gena” instead of general, “land” instead of fellow countryman.
The second way of formation of military jargon, discovered in a military unit, is the emergence of jargon from the material of a commonly used literary language in different ways:
A powerful source of formation of the lexical composition of slang is metaphors. Here are the actual metaphors (“table” - face, “turnip”, “pumpkin” - head, “sleeper” - a very tall and thin soldier).
Connection, contraction: “military” - military ID;
Abbreviation: “SOCHI” - unauthorized abandonment of a unit, escape,
“PCD” - park maintenance day (general cleaning). Abbreviations of phrases sound like independent words and are declined according to cases.
Pun substitution: “disco” - working in the kitchen, washing dishes. Plates are associated with records (discs), and besides, you have to spin and move quickly, like at a disco.
Restructuring the fields of signification - “to die” - to become very exhausted, tired.
Speech rethinking of terms and terminological phrases, creation of their expressive doublets - “letyokha”, “liter” - lieutenant, “company” - company commander.
The third source of the formation of jargon is the “infusion” of argot and vernacular into it - “dubak”, “kolotun” - frost, cold.
Researchers have found that communication among military personnel is subject to such important life motives as the search for the most favorable psychological conditions for communication and the need to assert oneself. As a result, military jargon is an important component in the speech of soldiers. But he does not appear from the outside. The main source of the formation of military jargon is the literary language, and literary vocabulary gets into military jargon in different ways.
2. 1. Classification of army slang
In the process of linguistic analysis of the jargon of this unit, it became necessary to classify military jargon according to various criteria, for example, in the unit there is a ranking of military personnel by length of service:
“Spirit” is a soldier of the first period of service (from the moment of conscription to 0.5 years, that is, until the arrival of the younger generation).
“Elephant” is a serviceman who is in the army during the second half of his first year of service.
“Cherpak” is a soldier who has served for a year.
“Grandfather” is a soldier of the fourth period of service (from 1.5 years before the release of the order to transfer to the reserve).
“Demobilization” (aka DMB) is the highest “rank” among soldiers, a person after the order of the Minister of Defense on transfer to the reserve, subject to demobilization.
An army is a small society of people interacting with each other. And, of course, like in any other society, it gives certain characteristics to co-workers; with the help of jargon, you can classify people by appearance:
“cabinet” or “fittings” - a large, large person; by occupation:
“rat” is a thief, according to feelings:
"Shortage" - a soldier experiencing a constant feeling of hunger.
In military jargon, clothing was classified. The well-known “kirzachi” boots.
"Aerodrome" - cap.
“Replacement” - clothing for performing household work.
"Afghan" is a modern type summer field uniform.
"Pea coat" is a winter uniform.
A room or some special place among military personnel is also defined by its own jargon, for example:
“bread slicer” - a room in which bread, butter and sugar are stored; “Capter” - a room where the personal belongings of all soldiers are stored;
“torpedka” - a room for washing dishes;
“smoking room” - a place near the barracks intended for smoking;
“weapons room” is a room for storing weapons in the barracks.
Army linguistics does not live off official and “general” insights. Army slang is born in the depths of the barracks, during exercises, in the medical unit, in tents. Of course, the vocabulary of military personnel is limited by the realities of their world: limited numbers, territory; the emergence and use of military jargon is influenced by the education of military personnel and the place of service.
It is not surprising, therefore, that mainly military jargon classified the necessary items for a soldier, for example, his clothing, the premises where he spends a large amount of his time. And you can see: military jargon finds its application in any area of military service.
2. 2. Military jargon from the point of view of morphemics
The Russian language has a developed word formation system. This is expressed primarily in the fact that there are various ways of forming words. Most often, these methods are associated with the use of word-forming morphemes: prefixes and suffixes. In this case, the morpheme is attached to the original word or the original part of the word (generative stem). Absolutely the same process is observed in the formation of military jargon. For example, by adding the suffix -an- to the productive stem potato, the word potato or music - muzon is formed.
In the dictionary of military jargon of the part under study, a number of jargon words can be identified, which were formed by adding certain suffixes:
An - (forms nouns with the meaning of a person inclined to what is named by the original word):
"Korish" - friend - "Korifan"
"Chushka" - "chukhan" pig
"Churka" - non-Russian "chump" person
Ach - (the resulting word takes on the meaning of a person based on the predominant characteristic). "Informer" - informer
Nick - (forms nouns denoting an object, book or composition):
"Military" - military ID
"Handbrake" - brake
K - (words with this suffix denote an object (room) intended for carrying out an action. In addition, words with this suffix acquire a diminutive meaning).
"Torpedka" - a room for washing dishes.
Chick -, -schik- (nouns with the meaning of a person by occupation):
“Capter” is a soldier responsible for storing uniforms and military equipment.
Words of military jargon formed by the prefix method are inferior in number to jargon formed by the suffix method. But when a prefix is added to the original word, the meaning of the word completely changes. For example,
“to pack” means to avoid morning exercises, and “to stock up” means to climb in, load up.
That is, the prefix - for - denotes an inward direction.
The vocabulary of military personnel also contains complex words formed by addition using the interfix “o”. An example of this is: “AWOL”, “self-moving” - unauthorized absence, “bread cutter” - a soldier engaged in slicing bread and distributing butter and sugar.
But the formation of new words is also observed by adding parts of words, for example: “disbat” - disciplinary battalion, “sukhpay” - dry rations, “starley” - senior lieutenant, “stodnevka” - one hundred days before the order of demobilization.
Based on the above, we can conclude that military jargon has the same methods of forming new words as the vocabulary of a generally accepted literary language; jargon can be formed by adding different morphemes or by adding the stems of a word, and each morpheme of military jargon has its own significance. That is, military jargon still obeys the rules of the Russian language and lives on its grammatical basis.
2. 3. Morphological implementation of military jargon
It was found that in most cases the military jargon in this section is represented by noun forms. Nouns, being addressed to the objective world, are characterized primarily by objective meaning. The absolute significance and functional mobility of nouns significantly expand their communicative and expressive capabilities. Nouns name simple properties (), qualities ("brake" - a soldier who does not understand the task well), states ("quarantine" - a course for a young soldier), actions ("informer" - an informer), events () and so on. It is characteristic that, in terms of frequency of use, a group of nouns occupies a dominant position among words used to express emotional assessment. Special mention should be made of nicknames that aptly, succinctly, and briefly characterize military personnel according to some of their qualities:
Mouflon is a slow-thinking person;
Juice is the son of the collective farm chairman (brought from Kazakhstan);
Borman is a complete person.
The second most commonly used verb in the speech of military personnel is the verb. As you know, a verb is a category of words that denotes actions or the state of an object as a process. The life of a soldier is a continuous movement, an unstoppable process. This is one of the reasons for such a widespread use of jargon verbs among soldiers. The word “process” is understood as labor activity, movement, work of the senses, thinking, physical and mental state:
“balabash”, “sharpen” - eat;
“get stuck” - get into a difficult situation;
“to wet” - to beat.
For example, the verbs: “get into it” - understand and “kink” - hide something, not finish speaking to the end - express a state related to the person as the subject of this state, as well as to time. As for the presence of adjectives in military jargon, they are much less common than verbs and nouns. But we still found several adjectives. It has been found that they are used to characterize a particular object, for example:
“muddy” - a person who is not accustomed to the army, and is incomprehensible.
For the most part, military jargon consists of adjectives formed from nouns - jargons, for example:
"brake" from "brake".
As a result, it should be pointed out that, considering the morphological features of military jargon, researchers have discovered the predominance of military jargon represented by a noun. The second most commonly used slang in the speech of military personnel is military slang, expressed as a verb. Jargon-adjectives are in the least demand among soldiers. The reasons for such different quantitative uses of parts of speech in military jargon are explained by the very life of military personnel.
2. 4. Structural and syntactic features of military jargon
If we consider military jargon at the syntactic level, it can be noted that the syntactic structure of military jargon is very simple, since it is mainly presented in the form of single words. For example, “AWOL”, “cricket”, “informer”.
The following phrases are also used in the speech of military personnel:
“to drown the mass” and “to crush the mug” - to sleep, “to sniff footcloths” - to serve in the army, “to knock on the melon” - to hit you on the head. Moreover, in almost all phrases the method of subordinating connection is control. Military jargon, presented in the form of sentences, does not exist at all or is found but very rarely.
2. 5. Army linguistics in soldiers’ folklore
The genre of army folklore has been little studied; there is not a single serious study on this topic. It's a pity. Usually, soldier's folklore is passed on from mouth to mouth, recited in smoking rooms, and learned by heart during night duty hours. Of interest are the soldiers' songbooks and notebooks, which were compiled mainly in the medical unit, in the hospital, and on the "lip". In them you can see a reflection of the entire military life of a serviceman. For example, after reading just one poem by a soldier, you can easily determine his place of service, his attitude to army life, his feelings and experiences. In the part under study, poems of precisely this kind were found. Here is one of them:
Greetings from the Krasnoyarsk Territory,
Where the Achinsk wind rustles,
Where young life goes
And my heart is beating around the house.
A common feature of both songbooks, demobilization albums, and soldiers’ notebooks is devotion to their branch of the military. This could be a catchphrase: “Even though I’m not that old, remember, son, I’m your grandfather,” “a brake in the company, a company in the sweat.” Soldiers' resourcefulness knows no bounds; researchers have discovered vivid sketches of soldiers of different periods of service in rhymed form or in short poems. For example:
If you're swollen from sleep,
So you are just a “SPIRIT”.
If you sleep poorly,
This means you are already a “SCHERPACK”.
If you overslept lunch,
No doubt, you are already a “GRANDFATHER”.
The researchers found hidden encryption of the following type in the notebooks of the soldiers of the unit under study:
Please take into account
Soldier Best
Lesson for you
Army of Life
Will bring up Was
In general, the emergence of jargons is rightly assessed as a negative phenomenon in the development of the modern Russian language. Therefore, the language policy is to refuse to use them. However, writers and publicists have the right to turn to these layers of vocabulary in search of realistic colors when describing the creative sides of our reality. In the author's speech, he helps describe the everyday environment of the military as a social group; in the speech of the characters - their unusual language inherent in a given social group, shades of intra-group relations at the speech level. Military jargon is applied to a limited layer of vocabulary and performs the functions of an explanatory dictionary. Intragroup communicative needs, depending on the conditions of communication - formal, informal, mixed - are satisfied through the use or non-use of socially marked lexical means in speech. The internal form of these lexical means, as a rule, has unerased imagery - “diesel” is a disciplinary battalion, “citizen” is civilian life.
In their own way, military personnel relate to one or another military concept. All this is reflected in military jargon.
Conclusion
During the study, the jargon of a military unit located on the territory of the Achinsk region in the village of Kamenka was studied. The basis of this work is the sociocultural aspect of studying the problem indicated in the title. The course of the research confirmed the novelty of this work, which lies in the very interpretation of the topic, hence its relevance. In the course of studying the linguistic implementation of military jargon in this military unit, researchers, using knowledge of theoretical material related to the study of the object, as a result of conversations with military personnel, completed the following tasks:
1) examined the lexical, grammatical, syntactic features of army slang;
2) identified the main sources of formation of military jargon;
3) characterized the main functions and methods of using military jargon in army folklore and on the pages of literary works.
Conclusions drawn from the study:
1) Military jargon is not only a lexicon born in the depths of the barracks, during exercises, but at the same time, like all social dialects, it feeds on the juices of the national language, lives on its phonetic and grammatical soil.
2) Communication using military jargon among military personnel is one of the great values for a soldier. Military jargon is an integral part of the life of military personnel. This is the historical, social experience of people, which is consolidated in a certain environment. And it is precisely this sociocultural experience that is embodied in the already established system of customs.
3) The main functions of military jargon are informative, stimulating and expressive.
4) Most of the vocabulary of military jargon is represented by military vocabulary mastered by the Russian literary language during the years of past wars and earlier - “company”, “platoon”, “medical unit”, “medical battalion”. But still, each specific military unit has its own military jargon, unique to it.
In general, military jargon is an interesting linguistic phenomenon, the existence of which is limited not only by certain age limits, but also by social, temporal and spatial boundaries. It occurs among military personnel, as well as in some individual, more or less closed groups, for example, among students.
This work may be of interest to a wide range of people: teachers, students, schoolchildren who want to broaden their horizons.
In the army community, as in any social structure, there is a certain hierarchy of non-statutory order. It implies a clear distinction between military personnel undergoing military service into groups according to their length of service. Due to the fact that the service life was reduced to 1 year, non-statutory ranks were modified, but not abolished. The only difference is that now the entire cycle of passage from “spirit” to “grandfather” takes place in an express version. Let's take a closer look at how this happens.
Smell
After a soldier has been selected at a distribution point, he is sent either to a training unit or to a military unit, but to a separate company for quarantine, where he undergoes training.
Arriving at the place, yesterday's conscript becomes a “smell.” This title will be assigned to him until he takes the oath.
Quarantine ends no later than two months of military service. What does this title mean? The explanation is very simple, yesterday’s conscripts are not soldiers yet, they are just the smells of soldiers. At this time, the “smells” and “demobilization” are similar. These military ranks have one foot in civilian life. While in the unit, many people mistakenly think that they automatically become “spirits,” but this is not so; they still need to achieve this title.
Spirit
After taking the oath, when the private already has the right to bear arms and is assigned other statutory duties, he is awarded the rank of “spirit”. He will serve in this honorary title for up to 100 days of service. During this period, he learns all the delights of army service. Outfits every other day, cleaning and PCB, this is what the service of a private in this rank consists of.
Cleaning is a separate army ritual. The spirits learn the art of putting things in order in the barracks with special care, but they also acquire such a necessary skill for life as keeping the room in which you live clean.
Military personnel in this rank have absolutely no rights, and the requirements for them are increased. Especially when it comes to personal hygiene. If the unit is in a location and not at a field exit, then the soldier must be shaved, his shoes must be shiny, and his head must be neatly trimmed. This is very strictly enforced, and those who do not comply with these requirements are treated with special disdain.
Find out: History of the creation of the regular army in Russia
At this time, special attention is paid to memorizing the charter. A soldier must know this set of rules by heart. Therefore, learning the rules for “spirits” is a common activity. At this time, it is better for young soldiers to stick together, then it will be easier to survive it.
Elephant
After completing 100 days of service, a new period begins in the life of a soldier. From the category of incorporeal “spirits”, he moves to the title of “elephant”. The rank of elephant in the army gives the right to burden a soldier with all sorts of assignments.
Household work in the army is the basis of service. Most of the time he spends his time doing some very important work:
- clears snow on the territory of the unit;
- sweeps the area in the warm season;
- pits are dripping.
Elephants are hardy animals, so the title “elephant” implies that you will have to carry a lot. There is a certain ritual in which the demobilizer hits the future elephant on the soft spot with a soldier’s belt 3 times, symbolizing 3 months of service.
This title is held by a soldier for 100 to 160 days. Depending on the time of conscription, a moment comes when all the old-timers retire. At this time, a private from the “elephants” is transferred to another rank. For him, the period of “grandfather” begins. This title can be obtained after just six months of service.
Grandfather
“Grandfathers” in the army are soldiers who came from a previous conscription. They become the oldest and remain in this rank until the order is issued to transfer to the reserve for the entire conscription. Transfer to this rank is made at the request of the serviceman. Usually this comes down to hitting the same soft spots with a stool.
At this time, the former “elephant” shows everything that he has accumulated during his service. If a lot of negativity has accumulated, then the young soldiers get everything that the newly-made “grandfather” is capable of, but if he managed to maintain his decency and adequate condition, then the service goes smoothly.
Some soldiers by this period of service have military ranks and responsibility for personnel. Monitoring the progress of the order is his sacred duty; he has nothing left to do but watch the work of the young soldiers and count the days until the order.
The order usually arrives 100 days before the end of the service period and occurs twice a year. Although hazing is no longer as obvious as it was in other years, it still persists in terms of service life.
Find out: Is it possible to get a military ID with temporary registration?
demobilization
This non-statutory rank is the highest in the army at the moment. This period begins from the moment of the order of the Ministry of Defense for the entire conscription. Continues until the military ID is handed over to the old-timer by the battalion commander.
Some military units have a tradition of having a personal “spirit” before the end of their service. Smoking demobilizers invented a kind of calendar. Every day the “spirit” brings him a cigarette, on which it is written how long he still has to serve.
The transfer to this rank is peculiar; it differs from previous periods in its loyalty. Instead of a belt and a stool, the former “grandfather” receives blows with a thread, through a layer of mattresses. He, of course, pretends that he is in immense pain, but such a custom does not exist in all parts.
The main task of military personnel in this rank is to serve with dignity until the end of their service. He may be asked to do a “demobilization chord,” something useful for the company or the entire unit in which he served for a whole year. Another important thing for him is preparing the mold. You can, of course, go home in civilian clothes, but it’s better to come in a nice uniform, with all the insignia. Therefore, they spend the remaining time dealing with this issue. The main task of a serviceman who has one foot in civilian life is to serve this time with dignity and calmly leave for demobilization.
And special (service) life, the life of border and internal troops, as well as for ease of communication in a given specific social group and designation of belonging to it.
At the same time, the use of military jargon is an indirect confirmation of the authenticity of “our own” when making radio communications during hostilities.
Military jargon research
According to researchers Ksenia Knorre and Andrei Miroshkin, the only major research work on the topic of army jargon is entitled “Dictionary of Russian military jargon: non-standard vocabulary and phraseology of the armed forces and paramilitary organizations of the Russian Empire, the USSR and the Russian Federation of the 18th-20th centuries.” was prepared by Doctor of Philology, Professor of Cherepovets State University Valery Panteleimonovich Korovushkin and published in 2000 in Yekaterinburg.
The introductory part of the dictionary was published in the magazine “New Sentinel”. This dictionary includes about eight thousand words and is interesting, first of all, because it covers the greater history of the Russian army, starting with the Russian-Turkish wars of 1713. This work describes the jargon of military and paramilitary organizations that existed in the Russian Empire, USSR, Russian Federation - Russia until December 1996. The material for researcher V.P. Korovushkin was about 5 thousand jargons, selected by him from more than 600 works of literature: military novels, memoirs and diaries, newspaper and magazine articles, reference books and dictionaries, as well as collected by the author using unauthorized questionnaires and surveys of military personnel , reading.
Also O. Zakharchuk in his research notes that “in almost all the examples given, military jargon has a negative connotation. At the same time, the classification of jargon reveals the desire of military personnel to connect professional objects with peaceful ones and thus smooth out the opposition between military service and peaceful civilian life.”
Examples of Russian military jargon
Jargon by type (arms) of troops
| Jargon | Meaning |
|---|---|
| Banderlog, Special Forces , Samosovets |
A serviceman of special forces units and formations of the GRU General Staff. The first jargon originates from the special intelligence department of the RVVDKU, which trained officers for special forces units, where cadets were taught the basics of acrobatics and in-depth knowledge of foreign languages, hence the association with the fictional monkey people Bandar-log. Further jargon spread among the troops. The origin of the second term is quite obvious. This is an abbreviation for the phrase "Special Purpose". The latter term is a reference to the soldiers of Nicaraguan dictator Somoza's Guard. |
Navy
To a large extent, naval jargon contains specific maritime terms.
However, it is impossible to fully identify nautical terms that have not only a military, but also a completely official purpose, with naval jargon. Often, already very specific, naval terms have one more (or even several) allegorical naval meanings.
Jargon on semantic fields
Technique
Attention: The conventional or code designations of models of weapons and military equipment, which were and are given in design bureaus and in the Main Missile and Artillery Directorate of the Ministry of Defense (GRAU), should not be confused with the slang designations of equipment in the troops (forces). In practice, the everyday undocumented use of code designations for military equipment in the army was not widespread, mandatory and enshrined in official instructions, so names that are difficult to remember or pronounce are often replaced with abbreviations or the “product” is simply given a nickname based on some characteristic feature. This section is very limited due to the large number of equipment and weapons.
| Jargon | Meaning |
|---|---|
| Black Tulip | An-12, which carried away the bodies of dead Soviet soldiers from the territory of Afghanistan during the war. |
| Bekha , Betre (Beter), Mess, Motoliga (Broom) | BMP, BTR, BRDM-2, and MT-LB, respectively. |
| Box | A unit of armored vehicles, specifically the T-80, used during the Chechnya conflict. |
| Shaitan trumpet, pipe | Infantry jet flamethrower (RPO) Shmel, RPG. |
| Zinc, zinc | Box of cartridges. As well as a zinc coffin, in which the body of the deceased is transported under the jargon “cargo 200”. |
| Paddle | SVD rifle. Also, in the Airborne Forces, Railways and other troops the designation of an AK assault rifle with an awkward wooden butt (OKSVA jargon) in the border troops is the name of an AK-74 assault rifle, longer due to the compensator, compared to AK-AKM. |
| Funny | At OKSVA, this is what they called the MiG-21 due to its short flight time (that is, the time from the request for air support to the arrival of the aircraft and dropping bombs/dropping NAR). |
| Alcohol truck, deli | The MiG-25 heavy fighter-interceptor, whose anti-icing system was filled with 200 liters of an alcohol mixture. |
| Tablet | Sanitary vehicle (TPK, front edge conveyor) based on UAZ-452, LuAZ-967 |
| Shishiga, shisharik, cone | Car GAZ-66. A distorted abbreviation for the spoken pronunciation of “sixty-six”, “sixty-sixth”. |
| Zakhar, the crocodile | Army truck ZIL-157. The nickname “Zakhar” was inherited from its predecessor ZIS-150. And it was called the “crocodile” for the characteristic shape of the cabin and hood. |
| Ksyukha, bitch, bitch | AKS74U. |
| Kalash, Kalashmat | Kalashnikov assault rifle. |
| Warm, Greenhouse | Thermal imager . |
| Ratsukha, Radeika | Walkie-talkie. |
| Glushak, Silence | Muffler (PBS). |
Hazing
| Service period | Type, type, contingent of troops | Jargon |
|---|---|---|
| Military personnel undergoing the young fighter course before taking the oath | Commonly used | disembodied spirits, bulls (bull), smells, squabbles, quarantines; analyses; |
| From oath to six months (first 6 months of service) | Navy | newcomers, (derivatives salabons , solobon ), perfume, elephants; |
| Ground forces and OKSVA | CHIZHI (abbreviation: " h man, And fulfilling and desire" ); | |
| Motorized rifle troops | perfume(derivative dusharas), whistles, whistles, elephants; | |
| Railway troops | geese; | |
| greens (greens), beavers; | ||
| Military construction troops | ||
| Vaski ; | ||
| Internal troops | fathers, kids, hedgehogs, sparrows, security officers(derivative checks), goldfinches, siskins; | |
| Border troops | goldfinches, suckers, dragons, Papuans, coors | |
| From six months to a year | Navy | crucian carp, young ones, salabons, walruses, goldfinches, mammoths; |
| Ground forces and OKSVA | Chizhi, laces; | |
| Airborne troops | Hans; | |
| elephants, crows; | ||
| Internal troops | ||
| help(derived from “brush”), shoelaces, geese, crows; scoops; | ||
| Railway troops | older geese, experienced geese; | |
| Other | crows, bubbles, cucumbers, scoops, globes, eared ears; [specify] | |
| From a year to a year and a half | Commonly used | boilers, brushes, oils |
| Ground forces and OKSVA | scoops, skulls | |
| Internal troops | ||
| Airborne troops | pheasants | |
| Railway troops | ||
| From one and a half to two years | Commonly used | grandfathers |
| Space Force | old people, old people; | |
| Airborne troops | demobilization | |
| After the release of the order to transfer to the reserve | Commonly used | demobilization |
| Airborne troops | civilian | |
| Internal troops | citizens | |
| tenants | ||
| Railway troops |
Barracks
| Jargon | Meaning |
|---|---|
| Ironer , « skis», « chops", edgings |
A small board with a handle (or without) for shaping the edges of mattresses piping- right angle. |
| Kantik | The edge of the mattress on the bed, beaten and ironed by two ironers to a right angle. In a more general case, edging call any line for which, when establishing order, the criterion of clarity can be applied ( piping when shaving the neck, that is, a clear line between the hair of the head and the clean-shaven neck), rectangularity ( piping on snowdrifts, when the snowdrifts on the territory of the unit are leveled at an angle of 90 degrees) or straightness (displaying furniture or property “by a thread”). |
| Takeoff | Free space in the barracks corridor for formations (Central passage). |
Uniforms and clothing
| Jargon | Meaning |
|---|---|
| Afghan, experimental, Varshavka |
A set of field summer (winter) uniforms for military personnel, initially used in the SAVO and OKSVA (from where it got its name), and later in all formations of the USSR Armed Forces, and then the Armed Forces of the Russian Federation and the CIS countries. Since the new model uniform was supplied to OKSVA units in the form of a test among the troops (experiment), OKSVA servicemen themselves called it “experimental.” The third name is due to the fact that the design of the jacket and trousers was definitely based on similar models used by other armies of the Warsaw Pact countries. |
| Pea coat, sweatshirt, fofan |
In the Ground Forces, an oral designation for a quilted jacket for soldiers, which in terms of style and materials used has nothing in common with a sailor's peacoat in the Navy. The official name is “insulated work jacket”. Also called “pea coats” were winter jackets for the Afghan jacket, which were officially called “insulated field jacket”. |
| Sandy | hebe"(see below), in color and structure as close as possible to sandy soil. When ironing, as a rule, it does not acquire the so-called “glass shine”. |
| Glass, "glass" |
Type of cotton fabric or made from such fabric " hebe"(see below), which is radically different in structure from " sands"- mainly because, due to the presence of synthetic fibers in addition to cotton, at the very first ironing it immediately acquires the so-called “glass shine”. |
| Hebe | A type of field uniform made of cotton fabric. From the abbreviation " cotton" - cotton. |
| Pesha | The same, but from wool blend fabric, for the winter period. From the abbreviation “p/w” - half-woolen. |
| Paradka | Dress uniform for conscripts in the USSR. |
| Citizen | 1. Non-military (ordinary, that is, civilian) clothing; 2. Life outside the army. |
| Kamok (lump) | Camouflage uniform |
| Bronik | Body armor |
| Brakes | A strip is a braid sewn to the bottom of the trouser leg, passing under the foot and pulling down the edge of the trouser leg. |
| Snot | Lychka |
| Cabbage | Buttonholes |
Special forces of the GRU General Staff of the USSR Ministry of Defense
Mabuta-jumping-sand- a suit of special forces units of the GRU General Staff from the times of the USSR, without shoulder straps or any other markings, model 1981, having 8 pockets and a pocket for a knife. At that time, the formation of special forces “Alpha” and “Vympel” was taking place in the USSR, and OKSV was also introduced into Afghanistan. Under these conditions it appears Mabuta, which has become a hallmark of special forces. Judging by GOST 17 6290-73, indicated on the tag of the first suit model, which was sewn with buttons facing out, the suit appeared in 1973. On the first tags mabuty was written " men's suit" All summer mabuty 1st and 2nd types [ specify] were sewn at the Klepikovskaya garment factory in the town of Spas-Klepiki, Ryazan region, and winter suits were made by Ivanovo garment factory No. 3. Fabric article 6883 TZ No. 3553-69. There were three color options for summer suits: green, brown and cream. Winter suits were brown and gray "Arctic". The material for the suits, according to the nomenclature of material resources for the clothing supply service of the USSR Ministry of Defense from 1967, was called “ raincoat fabric with water-repellent impregnation art. 3277 protective" On everyone else mabutah, until the end of production in 1991, the fabric article did not change.
Other
| Jargon | Meaning |
|---|---|
| Bulbulator(Sometimes burbulator) | A homemade water boiler made from two razor blades or army shoe shoes, two-core wire, matches (chips, pencils) and thread. Strictly prohibited due to extreme risk of electric shock. In parts of RMTO - a device for water distillation. |
| Baseel(abbreviation BSL) | Large (sometimes shovel-shaped) sapper shovel |
| Prapor, piece | Ensign |
| Cap | Captain, regiment commander (from the abbreviation KP) |
| Polkan | Regimental commander, colonel |
| Jackal | Officer |
| Rubon | Eating |
| Zeppelin | Launcher in the Strategic Missile Forces |
| Alcoholic | Bread with alcohol preservative |
| Kirzukha | Wheat porridge |
| Fraction 16, bolts | Barley porridge |
| Disco | Dishwashing shop |
| Mamley, junior warrant officer, micromajor | Ensign |
| Fly, whistle | Lieutenant |
| Starley | Senior Lieutenant |
| Chip, chiper, buldyr | Soldier's store |
| Self-propelled gun (AWOL) | Unauthorized absence from the unit |
| Sochi | WITH unauthorized O setting h asti |
Notes
- Knorre K., Miroshkin A. Dictionary of modern army jargon: experience of creation // “Emergency reserve”. - 1999. - No. 5(7)
- Korovushkin Valery Panteleimonovich // Website “subscribe.ru” (Accessed April 17, 2017)
- Korovushkin V. P. Dictionary of Russian military jargon: non-standard vocabulary and phraseology of the armed forces and paramilitary organizations of the Russian Empire, the USSR and the Russian Federation of the 18th–20th centuries. - Ekaterinburg: Ural Publishing House. Univ., 2000. - 372 p. (35 p. l.)
- Korovushkin V. P. Russian military jargon of the 18th–20th centuries. // Magazine “New Sentinel”, 1994. - No. 2. - P. 76−81. (inaccessible link - story , copy)
- Alla Alexandrova Chelyabinsk linguists have compiled a dictionary of army jargon (unavailable link)// Russian news agency “New Region”, October 28, 2011
- Sizova E. Nobody except us (undefined) (newspaper) (unavailable link). "Guard of Russia" No. 4 (19). Russian Union of Afghanistan Veterans (March 2004). Retrieved May 28, 2012. Archived November 10, 2007.
- Army jargon (undefined) (unavailable link). Retrieved March 6, 2015.
