What are some examples of addresses in Russian? Moscow State University of Printing. Address and speech styles
appeal . Most often, proper names act as addresses; less often - the names of animals or the names of inanimate objects.The address can stand outside the sentence or be part of it, located anywhere - at the beginning of the sentence, in the middle, at the end. Even when included in a sentence, the appeal does not become a member of it, i.e. has no coordinating or subordinating connection with other words and retains the isolation of its position and grammatical independence. For example: - Children, go to your rooms! - Anna Afanasyevna shouted from the dining room(Cupr.); I don’t feel good, Christya, I don’t know what to do!(M.G.); Give, Jim, luckily give me a paw(Ec.); My edge! Beloved Rus' and Mordva! In a parable of darkness you are alive as before(Es.).
The address is accompanied by a special vocative intonation. She especially clearly highlights the appeal that stands outside the sentence: Father ! Father ! Leave the threats, don’t scold your Tamara(L.).
Such appeals easily turn into special independent sentences - vocative. For example: - Grandmother ! - Olesya said reproachfully, with emphasis(Cupr.). The handling here is complicated functionally; it not only names a person, but conveys various shades of meaning accompanying this name: reproach, fear, joy, reproachful-condescending attitude, etc., i.e. conveys subjective modality. For example: - Lisa,” Lavretsky said, “Liza,” he repeated and bowed at her feet...(T); Anya, Anya!(Ch.). Sentences-addresses are especially rich in intonation shades.
The vocative intonation of the address at the beginning of the sentence is somewhat weakened Brown wind, how happy you are!(Pinch.). An address inside a sentence may have an introductory intonation (accelerated rate of pronunciation, lowering the voice) or an exclamatory intonation (in this case, the addition of the particle o conveys special poetry and pathos), for example: Break, break, night wave, and water the shore with foam...(L.); Let me be covered with cold earth, oh friend! always, everywhere my soul is with you(L.).
An address at the end of a sentence can be weakly emphasized intonationally if it does not have special semantic or expressive functions, for example: - What's your name, beauty? - the student asked affectionately(Cupr.). However, the general exclamatory intonation of a sentence can help emphasize the appeal: Hello to you, people of peaceful labor, noble workers! (Pan.)
An address, in addition to its main function - to attract the attention of the interlocutor, can also have an evaluative function, when the named person (or object) is characterized from one side or another; such addresses are often expressed in expressive words - But mom you are mine, my dear! You're approaching your seventh decade(Pan.); - Shut up, worm! - Slavyanov threw at him with a tragic gesture(Cupr). Such addresses are rich in intonation shades of pronunciation: Wait, honey! You'll sing!(Cupr.); Why were you timid, stupid head?(Cupr.); Oh, my darling, life is so beautiful(Cupr.); Hanging around here, Labardans!(Cupr.).
Ways of expressing appeals
To express addresses in the Old Russian language, there was a special form of the vocative case. Remnants of it can be found in the literature of the 19th century, for example: What do you want, old man?(P.). Such forms have been partially preserved in modern Russian as interjections and interjection expressions: Lord, God, my God, my dear fathers and some others.
In modern Russian, addresses are expressed by the nominative case form of a noun or a substantivized part of speech. Like what, lad, did you get it?(Cupr.); We, comrades, great patriots of the plant(Pan.); To you, Nastasya Ilyinichna lucky in life(Pan.); - Hello, sixth! - the thick, calm voice of the colonel was heard(Cupr.); Take advantage of life, living one(Bug.).
In colloquial speech, special forms of nouns are common to express addresses - truncated, for example: Tanya, Tanya...(M.G.); Mom, what about you?(Fed.). Colloquial speech is characterized by the technique of repeating references to the particle a (intensified call for attention): Grandma? And grandma? You are alive?(Paust.); - Ivan, and Ivan, - Listar pestered him...(M.-Sib.).
In folklore works there are special types of addresses that are tautological repetitions: path-path, friends-comrades, sadness-longing.
Works of art - especially poetic and oratorical - are characterized by common appeals. Usually these are nouns equipped with agreed and inconsistent definitions, applications and even subordinate modifiers. These appeals characterize an object or person and convey an attitude towards it. For example: - Dear Nadya, my dear girl“- says mom, “would you like anything?”(Cupr.): Farewell, dear forest, farewell, golden spring(Ec.); Young mare, honor of the Caucasian brand Why are you rushing, daring?(P.); Black, then smelling howl! How can I not caress you, not love you?(Ec.); The stars are clear, the stars are high! What do you keep inside yourself, what do you hide? Stars hiding deep thoughts, by what power do you captivate the soul?(Ec.); Come, chained to the canvas by the force of my power, look at those tailcoats from him...(Garsh.).
Addresses are often expressed by a pronoun with the particle o. This address is usually accompanied by attributive clauses, for example: O you, whose letters are many, many in my briefcase on the bank! Sometimes I look at them sternly, but I can’t throw them in the oven(TO).
Common addresses can be quite lengthy; their characteristic quality then becomes the content of the sentence: You, gray from the ashes of burned villages, hanging the shadow of your wings over life, you, waiting for us to crawl on our knees, not horror, but you awakened rage in us(Tward.); A soldier's son who grew up without a father and matured noticeably before his time, you are not separated from earthly joys by the memory of a hero and father(Tward).
Common calls may be dissected. This is characteristic of colloquial speech or speech reproducing colloquial speech: Stronger, horse, hit, hoof, minting a step(Bagr.); Oh, smart one, are you delirious, head?(Kr.).
Appeals can be arranged in a homogeneous row, for example: Sing, people, cities and rivers, sing, mountains, steppes and seas(Marmot.); Hear me, darling, hear me, beautiful, my evening dawn, unquenchable love! (Isak.).
Homogeneous calls can formally coincide with the combination of a call and its application, for example: You, Caucasus, the harsh king of the earth, I again dedicate a careless verse...(L.). The address here is the word Caucasus, it is distributed by the application harsh king of the earth.
In colloquial speech, uncontrolled prepositional case forms can be used as addresses. Such forms are contextually or situationally determined. They name the addressee of speech according to a single, situationally identified sign. For example: With higher education, step forward!(Kar.); Hey, on the boat ! Release the left side(B. Pol.); Hey, there, in the boats, don't get under the wheels!(B. Pol.).
The scope of appeals is very wide. They are a characteristic feature of colloquial speech, especially dialogical. The main function of such addresses is the name of the addressee of the speech. In poetic and oratorical speech, addresses perform special stylistic functions: they are carriers of expressive and evaluative meanings; as a rule, they are metaphorical: You are my abandoned land, you are my land, wasteland, unmown hayfield, forest and monastery(Ec.); Shine, last needle, in the snow! Stand up fire-breathing haze! Whip up your snowy ashes!(Bl.); Retreat like the tide all daytime, empty excitement, loneliness, become like a month over my hour!(Bruce.); The wandering spirit! You stir up the flame of your lips less and less often. Oh, my lost freshness, riot of eyes and flood of feelings! (Ec.); Sorry, dear shelter. What I served you with, and with that I am satisfied(Ec.); O wisdom of the most generous Indian summer, I receive you with joy(Berg.); “Forgive me, goodbye, my dryness!” - he said in the words of the song(Shol.).
Address in Russian
319.
The concept of conversion
By appealis a word or combination of words that names the person (or object) to which speech is addressed. The address extends the sentence, but is not a member of it (that is, it does not perform the function of a subject, predicate or secondary member).
The address can take place at the beginning, in the middle and at the end of the sentence, for example: Sergey Sergeich, is it you! (Gr.); Don't sing, mower , about the wide steppe!(Ring); Don’t laugh at someone else’s misfortune, dove! (Kr.).
Depending on the place occupied in the sentence, the appeal is to a greater or lesser extent emphasized by intonation. The so-called vocative intonation (pronouncing an address with increased stress) is fully inherent in an address standing outside the sentence (in front of it), for example: Old man! I heard many times that you saved me from death(L.). In this position, an address can form a special sentence-address (vocative sentence), if the address forms the entire utterance and if the speaker not only names the person to whom the speech is addressed, but with intonation expresses various shades of thought or feeling - reproach, fear, joy, etc. d. For example: - Faith! Faith! - Raisky said in horror, holding out his hands to stop her.(Gonch.).
The address at the beginning of the sentence is pronounced with weakened vocative intonation, for example: Neighbor , stop being ashamed!(Kr.).
For addresses in the middle of a sentence, a double intonation is possible: either introductory intonation (lowering of the voice, accelerated rate of pronunciation), or exclamatory intonation if the address is highlighted, for example, by adding a particle o to it. For example: a) Why, field , have you become silent and overgrown with the grass of oblivion?(P.); b) But, oh my friends, I don’t want to die! (P.).
We also observe double intonation in addresses at the end of a sentence; Usually such addresses are weakly distinguished in pronunciation, but can have increased stress if they are at the end of an exclamatory or interrogative sentence. For example: a) And you need to change your life, darling (Ch.); b) What are you working on now? Garth? (Paust); Hello, people of peaceful labor, noble workers! (Pan.).
The role of addresses is most often given by proper names, names of persons by kinship, social status, and profession; less often, this function is performed by the names of animals or the names of inanimate objects.
An address can be aimed not only at attracting the attention of the interlocutor, but also to express the attitude of the speaker towards him. For example: Stepanushka, dear Don't give it away, darling! (Kr.); It’s my leisure to sort out your faults, puppy (Kr.).
Typically, addresses are used in oral dialogical speech, as well as in the language of fiction when conveying direct speech. In addition, appeals are widely used in oratory and business speech.
320.
Ways of expressing appeal
The natural form of expression of address is a noun in the nominative case, which performs a nominative function. In the Old Russian language, the form of the vocative case was used for this purpose, which in modern language is sometimes used for stylistic purposes, for example: What do you need older? (P.). Very rarely, words not in the nominative case act as addresses if they name the attribute of the person to whom the speech is addressed, for example: Hey, in a white scarf , where can I find the chairman of the cooperative? Such constructions arise as a result of missing the address you (cf.: Hey, you, in a white headscarf...).
Appeal can be expressed by other parts of speech if they act as a noun. This includes adjectives and participles, and much less often - numerals and pronouns. For example: Good, beloved, dear, we live far from each other(Pinch.); ...Take advantage of life living (Beetle); - Great, sixth ! - the thick, calm voice of the colonel was heard(Kupr.); Well, you , move, otherwise I’ll hit you with the butt!(N. Ostr.).
Personal pronouns of the 2nd person are more often part of a special phrase, acting as an address and containing a qualitative assessment of a person; The pronouns you and you are in this turn between the defined word and the definition. For example: Why are you looking like such a duchess?you are my beauty? (A. Ostr.).
In order to enhance emotional expressiveness, the address word is repeated, for example: O field, field! Who littered you with dead bones?(P.). Sometimes a particle is inserted between repeated addresses, for example: - Master, oh master! - Kasyan suddenly said in his sonorous voice(T.). This intense appeal expresses a persistent desire to obtain an answer.
Although addresses are not members of a sentence, they are characterized by grammatical homogeneity, which is expressed in the possibility of a coordinating connection (conjunctive or non-conjunctive) between them, as syntactic elements that perform the same function in a sentence. Homogeneous calls are made in two cases:
1) if adjacent addresses are names of the same person or thing, for example: Father, father, benefactor! Give it a try! (T.);
2) if the addresses are the names of different persons or objects, for example: Hello, sun and cheerful morning! (Nick.).
Homogeneous appeals should not be confused with a combination of appeal and a separate application with it. So, in the sentence I greet you,desert corner, a haven of peace, work and inspiration(P.) vocative intonation is inherent only in words desert corner; the same combination a haven of peace, work and inspiration pronounced with the intonation of isolation and acts as a separate application. If in the above sentence we pronounce with intonation the isolation and words desert corner, then they will also have to be considered as a separate application to the word you, and there will be no appeal at all in this sentence. Wed. similar double meaning in the sentence I love you, Peter's creation! (P.).
When addressing someone, we name our addressee. This word, as we call it, is called appeal in Russian. Sometimes it is expressed in several words, between which punctuation marks or conjunctions are placed. Also, often in a sentence a phrase acts as an address. Examples: " Mother, I love you. Mom and Dad, you are the most dear people to me. Dear Mom, I love you".
What words are used to express the appeal?
Expressing emotions
Feelings of joy and sadness, rage and admiration, affection and anger can be expressed by appeal. Examples show how emotion can be conveyed not only by intonation, but also with the help of suffixes, definitions, and applications: " Nadenka, don't leave us! Do not think, pathetic little fanfare that scared me. Nightingale, my light how sweetly you sing!"
Vocative sentences. Common requests
Addresses can be very similar to so-called vocative sentences. These sentences contain a semantic connotation. But it has no circulation. Examples of a vocative sentence and a sentence with an address: “Ivan!” she said with despair. / We need to talk, Ivan".
In the first case, we are dealing with a vocative sentence that contains the semantic connotation of prayer, despair, and hope. In the second case, it is simply an appeal.
Examples of sentences in which this speech component is common demonstrate how verbose and detailed addresses can be: " The young maiden who loosened her braids and opened her lips for a song of love, you will dream of me. You, talking about glory and freedom, forgetting all their promises, don't expect mercy."
In colloquial speech, common addresses are divided into sentences: “Where, nice, you're coming, Human?"
Address and speech styles
In literary and colloquial speech, “Don’t torment me, sadness! Where are you taking me? track stitches?"
It is quite common for calls to use constructions with a particle O. If this particle is used with a pronoun, it is usually accompanied by a defining clause: " Oh you, who recently answered me with a grin"Have your eyes dropped?"
Particle Handling A more often found in colloquial speech: " Masha, and Masha, where is our porridge?
Place of reference in a sentence
The appeal can be at the beginning, in the middle and at the end of the sentence: " Andrey, what happened to you yesterday? / What happened to you, Andrey, happened yesterday? / What happened to you yesterday, Andrey?"
Appeals may not be part of sentences, but can be used independently: " Nikita Andreevich! Well, why aren’t you going?”
Punctuation marks when addressing
The address, no matter what part of the sentence it is in, is always separated by commas. If it is placed outside the structure and is independent, then most often an exclamation mark is placed after it. Let us give examples of sentences with addresses separated by punctuation marks.
- If an address is used at the beginning of a sentence, then a comma is placed after it: " Darling Natalya Nikolaevna, sing to us!"
- If the appeal is located inside a sentence, it is isolated on both sides: “I recognize you, Cute, by gait."
- If the address is placed at the end of a sentence, then we put a comma before it, and after it the sign that intonation requires - a period, an ellipsis, an exclamation mark or a question mark: “What did you have for dinner, children?"
Here are examples in which the appeal is outside the sentence: " Sergey Vitalievich! Urgently to the operating room! / Dear Motherland! How often did I remember you in a foreign land!
If the reference is used with a particle O, then no punctuation is placed between it and the address: " Oh sweet garden, I again inhale the scent of your flowers! "
Rhetorical appeal
Usually addresses are used in dialogues. In poetry, they participate in the stylistic coloring of the message. One of these stylistically significant ones is rhetorical appeal. We see an example in the famous poem by M. Yu. Lermontov “The Death of a Poet”: “You, standing in a greedy crowd at the throne, are the executioners of Freedom, Genius and Glory!” (This, by the way, is also an example of a common address.)
The peculiarity of a rhetorical appeal is that it, like a rhetorical question, does not require an answer or response. It simply enhances the expressive message of the speech.
Addresses and punctuation marks with them
Not only knowledge of introductory words can be required in task B5. Sometimes graduates are offered write down the numbers indicating commas when addressing.
Appeal- this is a word or phrase that names the addressee of speech (person or object):
This work Vania, was terribly huge (N.A. Nekrasov). The address in this sentence is the word Vania.
The main function of the address is to encourage the interlocutor to listen, to draw attention to the message, therefore first names, patronymics and surnames are often used as addresses: Really, Marya Ivanovna, do you want to leave us too? (A.S. Pushkin) Addresses also serve as: names of persons by degree of relationship; names or names of animals; names of objects or phenomena of inanimate nature, usually personified in this case; geographical names. When we communicate, an appeal will help us all! You can safely contact people, animals or birds! Just, friend, don’t forget to place commas!
The role of address in a sentence is usually performed by a noun in the nominative case or another part of speech in the meaning of a noun (adjective, participle, etc.): You are very busy, Paul?(N. Ostrovsky); Let me go, dear, to the wide open space (N.A. Nekrasov).
The appeal can be disseminated with explanatory words: of your works, My friend, I will not forget (I.A. Krylov).
When speech is addressed not to one, but to several persons, the names of these persons are usually connected by a coordinating conjunction AND. Either a comma or an exclamation mark is placed between them, for example:
Vanya and Petya, I will write to you. Mother! Dad! Come here quickly!
The request may be repeated: Oh, nanny, nanny, I'm sad (A.S. Pushkin).
The address is not connected with other words in the sentence either by subordinating or coordinating connection, because is not a member of it and is not included in the grammatical basis(that is can never be subject).
Compare the examples, in one of which the word grandmother is a subject, and in another - an address:
1) Grandmother speaks to me in a whisper (M. Gorky) - subject.
2) I love you, grandmother(M. Gorky) - appeal.
The appeal can be located at the beginning, in the middle and at the end of the sentence:
My friend, Let's dedicate our souls to our homeland with wonderful impulses!
Hold it comrade, dry powder.
How slow-witted you are nanny!
The personal pronouns YOU and YOU usually do not act as addresses: they perform the function of the subject: Do you love autumn?
The address is pronounced with a special (vocalistic) intonation: increased stress, pause: separated by commas.
If an address at the beginning of a sentence is pronounced with an exclamatory intonation, then an exclamation mark is placed after it, and the word following the address is written with a capital letter: Old man! Forget about the past... (M.Yu. Lermontov).
If a common address is placed in parts between members of a sentence, then each part is separated by commas: Yakov, lift it up brother, curtain (A.P. Chekhov). Otkole, smart, you're delusional head?(I.A. Krylov)
Interjection expressions are not addresses and are not separated by commas: Lord have mercy, God forbid, Lord forgive, thank you God, etc.
The address may be accompanied by an expression of affection, reproach, condemnation, etc. This attitude of the speaker towards the interlocutor is expressed using intonation, evaluation suffixes, definitions and applications, for example: Stepanushka, dear, don't give it away Cute!(I.A. Krylov) Neighbor, my light, please eat! (I.A. Krylov)
Sometimes appeals are developed into lengthy characteristics; in these cases, when referring, there may be several definitions:
Friend of my harsh days, my decrepit dove, alone in the wilderness of pine forests, you have been waiting for me for a long, long time (A.S. Pushkin).
Appeal, as noted above, is possible not only to persons, but in poetic speech and to inanimate objects: in this case, it is one of the techniques of personification. Thank you, dear side, for your healing space! (N.A. Nekrasov) Friend of idle thoughts, my inkwell, I decorated my monotonous age with you (A.S. Pushkin).
Algorithm for completing task B5
(“write down the numbers indicating commas when addressing”):
1) If in task B5 you need to write down numbers indicating commas when addressing, make sure that the word or combination of words you find is pronounced with a special (vocal) intonation and names the person being addressed: addressing is possible not only to persons, but also to inanimate objects.
2) Remember that the address in a sentence is usually a noun in the nominative case or another part of speech in the meaning of a noun.
3) Do not forget that the appeal can be distributed in explanatory words and be a combination of several words.
Appeal is a combination of word forms that express the name and title of the subject, to which the speech is directed.
They are, as a rule, nouns in the nominative cases. They can be paired with a dependent word, or without them. Appeals can be anything. As emphasized in writing, we will find out other aspects further.
There are no specific, defined positions for these literary structures. They can be located anywhere in a sentence.
In contact with
Examples
Start of sentence:
- Ivanov, Doesn't it bother you that you have such a standard surname?
- Teacher, can I ask your colleague for help?
- Mr Jones, do you know how a revolver differs from a pistol?
Appeal in the middle offers:
- It confuses me my dear friend, communicate with those who care about surnames.
- Let's read a little more Darling, because we don’t need to get up early tomorrow.
- To be honest, in my opinion, Doctor Stavropolsky, black lemonade cannot be tasty...
- If you were a bird dog, would you miss the owners?
At the end offers:
- I was reading the letter, and what, do you think I didn’t notice how you blushed? Smirnov?!
- I won’t repeat it three times, march to the blackboard, double student!
Appeals and subjects
What part of the sentence can the word form in be?
You can often hear the statement that the address is subject.
In fact, this is a misconception, although there are reasons to think so. The subject is also expressed in the same form, so it seems quite logical to confuse them. Nevertheless should be remembered:
- When the subject is a noun, the predicate must be in the third person. Examples: Stepan Vasilyevich knows important things about all the residents of the house. Marinochka leaves after seven o'clock in the direction of the second tram.
- When there are appeals in sentences, it is, as a rule, one-part, and it contains a predicate verb in the second person form. Examples: Stepan Vasilyevich, do you know important things about all the residents of the house? Marinochka, are you leaving after seven o’clock in the direction of the second tram?
- When addresses are pronounced with special vocative intonations, for example, there are increased stresses or pauses. Examples: Children, come here immediately! I won’t repeat it twice, Tolya, correct the mistake!
What part of the sentence are the presented word forms? They are not members of the proposal!
What words can be addresses
Most often, common sentences contain personal names(not to be confused with names, although names are included) or nicknames of animals. Moreover, it is not always the nickname that is applicable to them; often even the name of the species itself is a title. Examples:
- What can you tell me new, Penkov? When, Vanya, are you going to get married?
- Well, Sharik, here we are left alone...
- Oh, you dog, you can't be a normal dog!
However, in speeches with appeals from fiction, Appeals to inanimate objects are allowed:
- Well, Universe, I didn’t expect such a gift from you.
- I love you, life, do you hear?
Also possible geographical names:
- Eh, Russia, how glad I am to see you again!
- Well hello Germany, here we are seeing you again...
Important! Addresses and interjection-type phrases are two different things. Even if we take into account the seemingly obvious appeal to an animated personality. For example: God save, God have mercy, thank God, thank God.
"You" and "you", despite all their similarities, almost never used as address. They are the subject parts of a sentence.
Eg:
Hello, dear lands and endless fields, and you, birds of the air, and you, mighty winds!
However, in some cases these pronouns may be requests. These cases are the following:
1) When pronouns are used on their own. Examples:
- Hey, you! Come on as quickly as possible!
- - Louder, you! – the general shouted to the pianist and smiled imperiously.
2) When pronouns are combinations of adjectives with words that are defined if there are second persons between these words that are not separated by commas. Examples:
- Why do you look so stupid, my beautiful darling?
- You've let us all down, you hear, you're our smart guy.
3) When the appeal contains a pronoun preceded by the particle “o” and followed by a subordinate clause. Examples:
- Can you hear me, oh you fools in Senate togas...
- O you, best of the best, goddess of goddesses, queen of queens, can I love you?
How does the message stand out?
If the appeal is in the middle of a sentence, then it highlight commas on both sides. If it is at the beginning of a sentence or at the end, it is separated by a comma on one side.
- Thirty-five, are you ready to go to another camp or would you like to have some more coffee?
- One day, son, you will learn to be a father yourself.
- Was it not for nothing that I was who I was all my life, tell me, not for nothing, Lavrenty?
I would like to point out one extremely common mistake, used in the placement of punctuation marks in addresses.
Most often, in texts, the address is used in one or two words, for example, “Hello, Pasha, how are you?”
The frequent use of just such short addresses leads to the fact that many consider the address to be a priori a short part of the sentence.
Let's give erroneous proposals with an appeal (attention, there is an intentional mistake in the sentences):
1) Our brothers, at the table next to you you got burnt by the summer sun.
2) Our brothers, at the table next to you, you got burnt by the summer sun.
In the first sentence, the comma is placed with the expectation that the address is the phrase “Our brothers.” However, it is obvious that the part “you got sunburnt in the summer sun” is a subordinate clause and should be separated by a comma.
That's exactly what they did in the second sentence. Nevertheless both are spelled incorrectly. The whole point is that there should not be a comma after the words “Our brothers” at all, since the address is: “Our brothers are at the next table.” Despite the great length, this is precisely what constitutes a complete and non-breaking appeal. It would be correct to write:
Our brothers at the table next to you, you got sunburnt under the summer sun.
A similar example, only using an address at the end of the sentence:
“All the best to you, my dear and highly cultured comrade!”
If the address is at the very beginning and it is pronounced with an exclamatory intonation, then you should remember that it is not separated by commas, but is highlighted with an exclamation mark, after which a new sentence comes, as expected, with a capital letter. Example:
My dear! Forget about past problems...
Attention! No matter how integral and inseparable the addresses may seem, there are situations when they can be separated by commas.
This happens if the conjunction “and” is repeated in a homogeneous address, for example:
All the best to both Marina and Elena.
In addition, when contacting several times in one sentence, they should all separate. Example:
Stepan Semenovich, tell the guys, dear, how you spent the night at the front under the stars.
It also happens that one address is interrupted by another word form. This is done to emphasize the action. In this case, both parts must be separated by commas. Example:
Tighter, horse, hit, hoof, minting a step!
The sentence diagram with the word form being studied can be compiled by the student independently.
How is appeal highlighted in sentences?
Learning Russian - sentences with addresses
