Is the puffball mushroom edible or not? Puffball mushroom - how to prepare it. Meadow raincoat Information about
The puffball mushroom is called differently: hare potato, tobacco mushroom, devil's tavlinka. It is different in that it can absorb toxins that are found in the environment. This ability is many times greater than that of other macromycetes. Therefore, not everyone knows whether the puffball mushroom is edible or not.
The body of the raincoat is pear-shaped or rounded, the leg is false. The mushroom belongs to the Champignon family. Its skin is tightly fused to the upper part, forming the glebe or inner pulp. When the mushroom ripens, voids form in the pulp. They resemble chambers containing a spore-like powdery mass. The outer shell is called the peridium. When it ruptures, spore-bearing powder comes out.
Why is a raincoat useful?
This is one of the most delicious mushrooms - so they say in Italy. The medicinal properties of the puffball mushroom are superior to many other species. Even porcini mushrooms have less protein than puffballs. You can cook them in the oven; they are very tasty fried and stewed. Dried raincoats are no less in demand - they make a fragrant soup.
They remove heavy metal salts and radionuclides from the body.
Previously, it was specially grown and used as a natural purifier. This edible mushroom has antiseptic and hemostatic properties, so it is applied to abrasions and cuts if there is no deep wound. It is very dangerous to collect raincoats that grow near industrial enterprises, highways and other polluted areas. If they absorb radionuclides, then they should not be eaten - they can cause harm to health, and the healing properties will be reduced to zero.
But there are also false puffballs - the warty puffball. It has a rather dense interior and a yellowish-grayish shell. False, inedible, puffball mushrooms have a distinct smell of raw potatoes.
Fried puffball
How to deliciously cook puffball mushroom? Rinse the mushrooms in cold water, remove all debris and dry. Peel the thin skin and cut the mushrooms in half or into smaller pieces. But their thickness should not be less than one centimeter. Salt and pepper.
Roll the mushrooms in breadcrumbs and fry in butter, preheating the frying pan. The raincoat is prepared very quickly. Stir it constantly to prevent it from burning. Can be served with any side dish or sauces.
"Rain" soup
This soup is very tasty and filling. Let the potatoes cook, and in the meantime wash and
clean the mushrooms and chop them. Fry them in a frying pan along with finely chopped onion. Prepare the choux pastry: mix flour and eggs, add butter, a little salt and add hot water. Mix all ingredients thoroughly until the mixture is homogeneous.
Add small dumplings to the boiling water and potatoes, making them using two spoons. A few minutes before it’s ready, add mushrooms and onions to the soup. You can add chopped herbs for taste.
Mushrooms with sour cream
Mushrooms with potatoes are a classic. To prepare such a simple but very tasty dish, it is better to collect young puffballs, the cut of which resembles cottage cheese in appearance.
Peel the potatoes, cut them into pieces and boil in salted water. When it's ready, drain the water. Wash the mushrooms and remove any debris. Fry them in vegetable oil for 20 minutes. In a separate pan, sauté the onion until it turns golden. Afterwards you can add it to the raincoats and keep it on the fire a little longer.
A few minutes before readiness, add sour cream and herbs. Pour this mixture over the potatoes and serve while hot.
Bake in the oven
Food cooked in the oven is very healthy because it does not contain “bad” cholesterol. Such recipes for preparing aromatic puffball mushroom are easy and simple, and do not require much time and effort.
Marinate the raincoats in mayonnaise and spices for an hour. Carefully fold them into a sleeve and tie it at both ends. Bake until done without opening the oven - this will take about 20 minutes. The side dish can be prepared in the same sleeve. Boil rice, buckwheat or potatoes and use them as a “pillow” for mushrooms.
You can experiment with ingredients to create your own recipes.
How is it used in folk medicine?
The healing properties of raincoats are widely known. Therefore, they are used in folk medicine.
Infusions and decoctions are effective for the following diseases:
- For multiple sclerosis;
- For gastrointestinal diseases;
- For benign tumors;
- For skin diseases.
If you are worried about abdominal pain, liver disease, kidney disease, then prepare an infusion. Prepare
ripe raincoats, fill them with half a half-liter bottle and fill with vodka. Leave for 40 days, and then drink one tablespoon at night.
Many mushrooms of the family Raincoats (Lycoperdales) are often collectively called “raincoats”, although among them there are not only raincoats ( Lycoperdon), but also flutters (powder flasks, Bovista), golovach (Calvatia) and some other types. Any mushroom picker has seen a variety of raincoats many times: with a smooth surface and with growths, warts and needles. These mushrooms also differ in the shape of the fruiting body: spherical, pear-shaped, ovoid, etc. The white balls of some mushrooms lie on the ground, while others rise on a false stalk.
Puffballs grow in forests and parks, appear in steppes, agricultural fields, pastures and manicured lawns. If you trample a ripe mushroom, it will release “smoke” with spores.
Mushroom pickers often trample raincoats to release a cloud of “smoke”
There are several popular names for raincoats: “grandfather’s gunpowder”, “dust duster”, “wolf’s tobacco”, “devil’s tobacco”, “hare’s potato”, “mushroom-egg” and “forest egg”.
Variety of species
Even an experienced mushroom picker does not always navigate the complex taxonomy. This applies to many mushrooms, including puffballs.
At first you call all the mushrooms “wolf tobacco”, then, having learned that these are puffballs, you will call them puffballs, and then you will understand that puffballs are different: just a puffball, a prickly puffball, a pear-shaped puffball, a needle-shaped puffball, a blackish puffball, a round bighead, bighead oblong. (V.A. Soloukhin).
Raincoats, fluff and golovach belong to the group gasteromycetes (« nutrevikov"), because their fruiting bodies remain intact until the spores mature. The shell then ruptures, releasing “smoke” containing the spores. These mushrooms are classified as saprophytes, because They need rotted organic matter for nutrition.
Here is a brief description of several mushrooms that we call “puffballs.” They are all very tasty. They are harvested young while their fruiting bodies are firm and filled with white pulp.
Raincoat spiny (Lycoperdon perlatum) is covered with clearly visible conical needles. If you peel off their white or creamy skin, a more or less noticeable mesh pattern will remain on it. The smell of mushroom is pleasant. This type of raincoat can be safely placed in the basket while the mushroom is young and strong, and its flesh is white and elastic. The mushroom often grows in groups.
Raincoat pearl (Lycoperdon perlatum) prefers manured pastures, although it is also found in forests. Pearl puffball grows (usually in waves) from May to mid-November. This mushroom has a white, pear-shaped fruit body that turns yellow as it matures, then turning grey-brown. Old mushrooms are filled with spore powder inside. A skin with small growths or non-prickly spines, which are sometimes found only in the upper part.
This is a very beautiful and tasty mushroom (photo from Wikipedia)
Golovach oblong (Calvatia excipuliformis) in some reference books is called a variety of spiny puffball. However, the bighead is taller, its spines are more delicate and thinner, and it is edible at a young age. Sometimes the mushroom resembles the shape of a bubble, which was inflated with air and pulled from below (sac-shaped, or bladder-shaped, capitol). These mushrooms often grow in pastures.
Stunning appearance raincoat giant, or Langermannia gigantic (Langermannia gigantean). In some publications it is classified as a golovach. This is a huge mushroom. It grows in forests (deciduous and mixed), meadows, fields and pastures. There is a better chance of finding it from the end of summer (August - October). The huge “soccer ball” can weigh up to 8 kg and is 40 cm in diameter. There are individual record-breaking specimens that weighed almost 20 kg and had a fruiting body diameter of 30 cm!!! There is a better chance of finding a gigantic one-kilogram raincoat the size of an average head of cabbage.
The skin of this puffball can be either smooth or slightly flaky. As it grows, the color of the flesh changes from white (or slightly yellowish) to greenish-brown, then to dirty brown. In old mushrooms, the skin dries out and resembles parchment. The edible pulp is often loose, reminiscent in consistency of homemade cheeses. As the mushroom grows, it becomes lighter and noticeably loses weight. The mycelium of the giant puffball is durable and can live up to 25 years.
Raincoat pear-shaped (Lycoperdon pyriforme) refers to small species (maximum up to 5 cm in height). It often grows on rotting wood, tree trunks and stumps. The shape of the fruiting body is pear-shaped, resembling a white ball narrowed downwards, which has a short false stalk with sparse light threads of mycelium. This very tasty mushroom is fried and boiled (in soups), unless it is overripe. The degree of maturity can often be determined not in the forest, but in the kitchen, because When ripe, the mushroom does not always quickly change the color of its skin.
False puffball (Scleroderma)
False raincoat (scleroderma) should not be collected. In most books of the Soviet period, this mushroom is considered inedible or poisonous. Western authors only call it inedible, specifying that cooks sometimes add pulp to sausages instead of truffles. They all warn that puffballs can be hazardous to health if eaten in large quantities.
I have not tried this mushroom, so I can only refer to the opinions of authoritative mushroom experts. I quote them verbatim.
The false puffball, which they scare us with in all the books about mushrooms, is not at all poisonous, even in its raw form. It is simply tasteless, and according to the rules it should be classified as an inedible mushroom. Moreover, young false puffball (when the flesh is white when cut) has a sharp, spicy taste and can serve as a piquant seasoning for meat and poultry dishes. This is how it is used in Europe, especially in Slavic countries.
The final inedibility of the false puffball occurs from the moment when its flesh ceases to be pure white when cut. (M. Vishnevsky).Let me remind you once again: false puffballs are poisonous, however, only if you eat them in large quantities. In the Czech guide to mushrooms of J. Klan it is written that “for the sake of a strong spicy taste, young mushrooms are used instead of roots in the preparation of soups and sauces.” These are truly inscrutable human whims! For the sake of an exotic taste, sacrifice the health of your stomach? (M. Sergeeva).
We conclude: the degree of poisoning by false puffballs depends, first of all, on the number of mushrooms eaten.
False puffballs are easy to distinguish from edible species. False puffballs usually have warty-scaly, dense skin of a yellowish-ochre color, which may have small cracks. In older mushrooms, the skin dries out, breaks, and no longer holds the spores underneath.
False raincoats often grow in nests (photo from Wikipedia)
The color of the flesh of young mushrooms, according to most authors, is yellowish or light olive even at a young age. A marble pattern with white veins can be seen on it. The central part of the false puffball darkens as it matures, first becoming gray-violet, then almost black. The pulp of even adult puffballs retains its density. Everyone notes an unpleasant, pungent odor.
Mushroom pickers who have not collected puffballs before should not take risks and not collect mushrooms with elongated false legs that grow in nests. To be on the safe side, it is better not to take raincoats with clearly yellow or brown skin. Especially when it is covered with rough growths and has noticeable cracks. The unpleasant smell should also stop.
Which raincoats taste better?
Edible puffballs are eaten while they are young. They then have tasty, dense white flesh, which is located under the skin (smooth or with growths). In an adult mushroom, the pulp changes its quality and color. It becomes looser, often sticky, gray or greenish-yellow. Old mushrooms are filled with spores. The shell of their fruiting body becomes thin, dries and is easily broken. Then the mushroom becomes dusty, releases a cloud of spores and settles on the ground. It is worth saying that raincoats grow up quickly.
As you know, a young raincoat is hard and strong to the touch, and when cut, it is white as sour cream. At this time, you can, without any doubt, put it in the frying pan. The roast will be fragrant with an excellent mushroom aroma. With age, the pulp of the puffball begins to turn slightly yellow, becomes watery, when pressed with a finger, it does not spring back, and does not try to straighten out. At this stage, raincoats should no longer be taken. (V.A. Soloukhin).
Few people find a ripe raincoat appetizing.
How to prepare a raincoat?
Puffballs are a great addition to any mushroom mixture. When prepared separately, raincoats will not be to everyone's liking (due to their specific taste). Another thing is a giant raincoat. One such mushroom can be the reason for a separate party! (A. Schwab).
I love this mushroom. True, I only take smooth young white “balls”. A skillet of fried puffballs is a delicious and satisfying meal. This mushroom tastes a little like something between mushrooms, scrambled eggs and... chicken. The flavor of the protein is enhanced when the puffball is fried with butter or ghee.
I don't like raincoats boiled, but fried. They can be cut into pieces, slices or circles and placed in a frying pan with oil. Sometimes before frying, large slices up to 2 cm thick are rolled in flour or breadcrumbs. They can be salted and even peppered beforehand. Whole balls fried in oil are also tasty. First, fry on one side until beautifully golden brown, then turn over or roll over to the other side. This takes a little time. Especially if you fry the mushroom in a frying pan with a lid.
It is worth saying that almost all raincoats have a skin that resembles either a skin or an eggshell. It's better to remove it.
V.A. Soloukhin described in detail the condition of a man who always considered all raincoats toadstools:
I remember with what embarrassment I brought home the first raincoats, how my wife refused to fry them, and with what interest I tried them for the first time. And now for me this is the most common edible and tasty mushroom, of course, when there are no boletus, chanterelles or aspen mushrooms in the forest. But even when you have them, it’s a good idea to add some strong young raincoats to the pan for a bouquet.
Let us once again appreciate the culinary merits of the giant puffball while its flesh is pure white. During this period, the mushroom competes with the noble mushrooms themselves. The “ball” is peeled and fried, soup is made from it and dried. Other raincoats, even pearl ones, are also suitable for drying.
V.A. Soloukhin quotes one of his readers, who not only describes the method of preparing raincoats, but also compares the methods of processing them:
I really love raincoats. When fried, they are actually a little inferior to white ones. To make the dish more tender, it is better to remove the rough shell of some of them. The golovach is oblong - gently crush it in your hands, and the shell cracks and comes off, like the shell from a hard-boiled egg. It is best to do this under the tap. In some spherical puffballs, the shell can be peeled off like peeling an orange. The best one - prickly - does not cause any worries at all: cut it into a frying pan. I dry them successfully. By grinding them into powder, you can make an excellent soup from them.
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puffball mushroom - preparing it.
Unexpectedly for me, the publication of the article - Mushroom raincoat - do not pass by, caused many responses - from messages that expressed sincere surprise that mushroom puffball(grandfather's tobacco) is an excellent hemostatic agent, and also edible, there are various recipes for its preparation. Here are the recipes for making a raincoat from your letters that I will share with you.
Dried raincoats
Cut the raincoats crosswise and dry them. Whenever preparing a meat dish, add dried puffball mushrooms, which gives the dish a delicate mushroom flavor.
You can use dried puffball mushrooms yourself - for making soups and other dishes.
Raincoat mushrooms fried in sour cream
Raincoat mushrooms are fried, just like other mushrooms (can be with potatoes, or with onions). The taste of the dish is amazing.
Thoroughly clean the mushrooms, rinse quickly with water, cut into large pieces and boil in salted boiling water for about 7 minutes. After this, place the boiled raincoats in a heated frying pan, fry in vegetable oil for about 15 minutes, then add sour cream and spices and fry for another 2-3 minutes.
The puffball is a very tasty mushroom, but in our country, unfortunately, it is not appreciated. But in Europe, this mushroom is considered a delicacy and there are many recipes for its preparation. Yes, by the way, the protein content in puffball is much higher than the famous porcini mushroom - boletus.
So, puffball dishes from Europe.
Mushroom schnitzel Parisian style
I’m telling you how my friend from Paris makes raincoats.
Ingredients - half a kilo of raincoats, half a liter of milk, 1 egg, 100 grams of flour, 200 grams of fat for frying (can be replaced with vegetable oil - I fried in olive oil), salt.
Beat the egg into the milk, add flour and salt - mix everything - the resulting dough should not be too thick and not runny.
Cut the puffballs into slices, dip them in the dough and fry until golden brown. Simple and delicious. In Paris they are served with stewed potatoes.
Raincoats with scrambled eggs in Hungarian style
Ingredients - half an onion, half a kilo of puffball mushrooms, 7 eggs, 50 grams of grated cheese, 50 grams of butter, 150 gr. cream, about 2 tablespoons chopped parsley, salt and ground sweet red pepper.
1. Peel the onion and chop finely.
2. Quickly rinse the raincoats, pat them dry and chop them finely.
3. Melt about 4 tablespoons of butter in a frying pan.
4. Add parsley and onion to the pan and sauté them. Then add the chopped puffballs and fry everything together. Season with a mixture of salt and pepper to taste.
5. At this time, heat the oven to 180 degrees.
6. Remove the frying pan from the heat, pour in the oud cream and stir everything.
7. Grease a refractory dish with the remaining butter and place the mushroom mixture in which to make 7 indentations. Carefully pour a raw egg into each cavity. Sprinkle cheese on top and place in the oven. Baking time is approximately 10 minutes (until a beautiful golden color). The yolk should remain soft.
This dish turns out very tasty. There's only one thing I don't like. That it takes a lot of time to prepare it, but it is eaten instantly.
Now is the season for puffball mushrooms. Don't pass by - bring home an unusual miracle for us - mushrooms and please your family with delicious nutritious dishes.
Often in a forest or park after rain you can find unusual mushrooms nesting in the damp grass in small groups of white balls of different sizes. Puffballs belong to the genus of mushrooms of the champignon family and grow in temperate latitudes of the country. The fruit crop has a pleasant taste, therefore it is widely used in cooking, and thanks to its unique composition, the puffball mushroom has healing properties and is used to treat various diseases.
Characteristics and varieties
Instances of the mushroom culture have many names, for example: hare potato, tobacco mushroom, dust mushroom, bee sponge, fluff mushroom. They ripen in late August - early September. Raincoats can be found during the autumn period throughout Russia, except for the northern regions with a cold climate. Some representatives of the species prefer to grow in the forest, while others can be found near roads and paths, in meadows, gardens and clearings.
Features of unusual mushrooms
It is worth remembering that you only need to use recently grown mushrooms for cooking, then you can fully enjoy their taste and enrich your body with the necessary vitamins present in their composition.
Among the representatives of the genus there are also poisonous specimens that are unsuitable for consumption. These include false species of puffballs, which are very similar to edible ones. To distinguish dangerous fruits from useful ones, you need to know what a puffball mushroom that causes poisoning looks like:
To prevent false puffballs from falling into the basket when picking mushrooms, you need to cut one of them and check the inside. Specimens suitable for eating will have a white and dense body with the smell of fresh mushrooms and without the unpleasant and putrefactive notes that accompany poisonous fruits.
Healing properties
Unusual mushrooms have an excellent taste and saturate the human body with useful substances, and due to the presence of medicinal components, they are used in the fight against many diseases. Therefore, raincoats are used in official and folk medicine for the preparation of medicines.
Smoke composition
Peel the potatoes, cut them and boil them in salted water. After finishing cooking, drain the water.
Rinse the raincoats thoroughly, cut and fry in a frying pan with oil for 30 minutes.
Peel the onion, then cut into small cubes and fry until golden brown. Combine mushrooms and onions, add salt, pepper and simmer for another 20 minutes. Towards the end of frying, add sour cream to the pan, mix everything well and turn off the heat after 2-3 minutes.
Stewed mushrooms should be placed on plates along with boiled potatoes. Separately, it is recommended to serve sour cream and chopped tomatoes.
Puffballs are very interesting and tasty mushrooms. Unfortunately, many people are afraid to collect them because they have no idea about the many benefits of healthy fruits. But if you cook them correctly, you can get a great dish that will appeal to all supporters of a healthy diet.
Everyone eats champignons (store-bought). It turns out that the puffball mushroom is their relative, since they are part of the same champignon family. We will provide photos and descriptions of the types of raincoats so that you know what they look like and not be confused with false ones.
These mushrooms are otherwise called grandfather's tobacco, dust mushroom, tobacco mushroom, devil's tavlinka, hare's potato, hedgehogs... further depending on the preferences of the local residents. They grow everywhere in our middle zone, regardless of soil. But there are preferences. The “rainy” name itself suggests that the mushrooms love damp places and grow especially well after rains.
Raincoats (Lycoperdon), unusual in appearance, have extraordinary medicinal qualities, exquisite taste, and exceptional chemical composition. They belong to the fourth category, although I don’t understand why not to the first or second.
Now let's move on to a more detailed description.
All puffballs have peculiar fruiting bodies, unlike the appearance of other mushrooms. Their bodies seem to be closed into an oval, pear-shaped, spherical, capitate shape with a cylindrical leg. I had an association with an egg in a shell or a “pig in a poke” (just kidding!).
Depending on the type, it has different weights and dimensions.
- Pearl puffball Lycoperdon perlatum, real or spinous, warty.
The nicest and cutest. Often found in coniferous and less often deciduous forests, on soil, rotten wood. It loves moisture, so it is found near swamps, but closer to the forest edge. The mushroom cap, without being separated by anything, smoothly turns into a thick cylindrical stem. The height of the pearl oyster is up to 15 cm, but this is rare. The diameter and height of the head is up to 4 cm. Basically, the dimensions are more modest, two to three times. Near our swamp I found large raincoats, only two, very dense and elastic. More often they grow in small groups. Growth time is from early July to late September. 
The entire body of the pearl puffball is covered with a shell, on the outside of which there are spines or warts. When touched by hand they easily fall off.
The shell and pulp (glebe) of the young mushroom are pure white, as are the thorns. (see photo):
With age, the color changes to olive, the fruiting body dries out, and spore powder matures in the head. The shell of the raincoat becomes decrepit, and a hole forms at the top of the cap; through it, a huge number of spores are released into the “freedom”. The effect of this release is similar to brown smoke, hence the “tobacco” name of the mushroom.
It grows especially in old clearings, at the bases of stumps and trunks of dead trees in any forest, in large groups, especially after heavy rains.
The fruiting body is pear-shaped, ovoid, with a barely noticeable false stalk underneath. Height up to 5 cm, maximum diameter - 5 cm. The shell is white or grayish, easy to clean, like the shell of a boiled egg. Like a pearl oyster, but smaller, strewn with spines. When the mushroom matures, its surface becomes smooth and mesh, as if it could crack as if it were overdried.
The process of spore formation is similar to that described above.
The size of the gleba (pulp) is up to half a meter in diameter, often flattened. Prefers deciduous forests, but is more willing to settle in abandoned pastures and fields. That’s probably why I’ve never seen them in our conifers.
The shell is very thin, smooth; at first, like the flesh, it is white, then greenish-yellow.
Similar to pear-shaped, but has a large number of larger, gray-brownish needles. The stem is folded, almost invisible, the maximum size of the mushroom is 6 cm in diameter.
A description of the raincoat would be incomplete if we omitted an important quality - it is edible exactly as long as its flesh is white and elastic. It’s easy to determine whether you can eat it or not: the shell becomes slightly wrinkled and the color is dirty. This means that the process of dispute formation has begun.
In the photo, the grandfather's pearl tobacco mushroom:
Once we were traveling along the coast of our Mountain Sea. Provisions were running out, but a clearing with raincoats saved us. The outer shell is easy to peel, but the white flesh looks appetizing and is easy to cut. Mushrooms are nutritious, tasty, aromatic. We then fried a whole frying pan, adding russula to them. 
- Common puffball
In deciduous and coniferous forests, along roads and forest edges, from August to September you can find the false raincoat. It is distinguished by a smooth or finely scaly shell of a dirty yellow-brown color. It is thick and dense, leathery. The flesh inside is dark purple with white streaks. There are no legs, and the diameter does not exceed 6 cm. It has the smell of raw potatoes. It is practically used in food only to give a dish a specific smell.
The use of grandfather's tobacco in treatment
Both unripe mushrooms and their spore powder are used for medicinal purposes.
- Wound-healing disinfectant properties are used to treat wounds of various origins. for this purpose, you can only apply a slice of mushroom to the wound or sprinkle it with powder - tobacco. In this way, suppuration of even thrombophlebitis and cancerous ulcers is stopped.
- Helps with diseases of the kidneys, liver, and intestines.
- Tuberculosis is being treated.
- The antibiotic calvacin significantly slows down the growth of benign and malignant tumors.
- Removes radionuclides, cleanses the liver.
- Eliminates inflammation of the bladder.
- Antipyretic for colds and sore throat.
The healing properties of raincoats are due to the vitamins and antibiotics with high antitumor activity contained in them.
Methods of application
- In the evening before going to bed, take a teaspoon of tobacco powder with water. Course 2 months.
- Pour a tablespoon of spores into 300 ml of hot, but not boiling water. Wrap it up for 40 minutes, then drink half a glass twice a day before meals, in small sips.
- Fill half of the empty container with powder, topping it up with vodka. Seal and leave in a cool, dark place for 40 days. Traditional medicine advises burying this bottle in the ground. Strain, drink a teaspoon at night with a sip of water.
- Cosmetic face masks are made from fresh gleba. They have a rejuvenating effect, making the skin elastic.
Puffball mushrooms perform the most important “cleaner” function for the body. They absorb and remove heavy metals, radionuclides, as well as toxins formed after diseases of the liver, kidneys, and helminth infections.
Of course, they play the same role in nature, so the mushroom should be collected from environmentally friendly areas.
Additional information about the types, medicinal properties, what is best to prepare from rain mushrooms:
False raincoat
The body of the mushroom is 3-5 (12) cm in diameter and 3-6 cm in height. The body has an ovoid, tuberous, spherical flattened shape, but the stalk is completely absent. The flesh of the mushroom is light, yellowish-white, but with age it darkens significantly.
It remains dense for a very long time until it disintegrates when the fungus is fully ripe into olive-brown spore powder and grayish-yellow sterile areas. This mushroom grows from July to September - early October. The most favorable terrain for them is rotten wood in coniferous and deciduous forests, on the soil, in fields, young plantings, on the side of paths or roads, on the edges of forests, and clearings.
False puffballs love pebbly and dry sandy soils. They can also often be found among rare grasses or moss. They often grow in groups.
By the way, they can easily endure even the most prolonged drought. In Russia they are found mainly in the Far East and the North Caucasus. Based on external signs, an inexperienced collector may confuse false puffballs with the same mushrooms with scaly or areolated peridium and spiny spores. Please note that this mushroom is inedible.
Although it is mildly toxic in large quantities, it can cause serious gastrointestinal problems. An allergy to the spores may occur in the form of rhinitis or conjunctivitis. It is only allowed to add small amounts of mushrooms to food at a young age, because they smell and taste like truffles.
Scleroderma verrucosum
Warty false puffball (Scleroderma verrucosum) photo
Grows in coniferous and deciduous forests in August-October. Prefers ditches and roadsides. The fruiting body is spherical or irregularly round, 1.5-8 cm in diameter, up to 10 cm in height, transforming from below into an elongated false stalk, which can be longer than the spore-bearing (rounded) part. The false stalk is uneven, sometimes flattened, with depressions and folds. The outer shell is thin (less than 1 mm), the surface is warty.
The fruit body is yellowish-brown with small (usually small) dark scales or warts. The pulp of young fruiting bodies is white, while that of mature ones is dark brown, gray-olive. Warty false puffball - mildly poisonous mushroom, causes mild stomach upset.
Star puffball (Scleroderma polyrhizum)
Star puffball (Scleroderma polyrhizum) photo
It grows in grass in deciduous forests, on clay and sandy soils, along ditches, and along roadsides. Occurs rarely, singly or in groups, in August-October. The fruiting body is 5-17 cm in diameter, tuberous, very dense, sometimes irregular in shape, immersed in the soil when young, prostrate when mature, with a false stalk. The skin is thick, 0.3-1 cm; in young mushrooms it is smooth, yellowish, with white fluff; in mature mushrooms it is rough, with cracks and scales.
When ripe it bursts into a star shape. The pulp is first dense, whitish, then becomes dark gray, black or purple-black with veins, then rusty brown. Star-shaped false puffball poisonous.
Bulbous puffball (Scleroderma cepa)
Bulbous puffball (Scleroderma cepa) photo
Grows in deciduous and coniferous forests, in bushes, ditches, along roadsides, singly or in groups, from August to October. The fruit body is tuberous, 1.5-6 cm in diameter. In mature mushrooms it is flattened, cushion-shaped, turning into a false stalk towards the base.
The outer shell (peridium) is scaly or fissured, yellowish, ocher-brown. The pulp is dense, white, with a mushroom smell. With age it becomes black or violet-black with veins, then yellowish-brown. The taste is bitter, weakly expressed.
Bulbous false puffball poisonous.
Common false puffball (lemon, lemon yellow) (Scleroderma citrinum)
Common false puffball (lemon, lemon yellow) (Scleroderma citrinum) photo
Grows in deciduous and coniferous forests, along roads, along forest edges, on clay and loamy soil in August-September. The fruit body is tuberous, up to 6 cm in diameter, with a smooth or finely scaly shell (peridium) of a dirty yellow or brownish color, up to 4 mm thick. The pulp (gleba) inside is purple-black with white veins, with the smell of raw potatoes.
Later, the pulp becomes olive-brown and powdery. False puffball lemon yellow inedible. Cm.
comparison table.
Common puffball (Sderoderma citrinum (Sderoderma aurantium))
Common puffballSderoderma citrinum (Sderoderma aurantium)
Fruiting body
scales. The internal mass is at first light, fleshy and juicy, then it begins to darken from the middle, has light veins, and finally becomes purple-black or brown-olive, dry, with an unpleasant pungent odor. At maturity, the fruiting body bursts at the apex and spores emerge through the hole.
Season and place
It is found in summer and autumn in forests on acidic soil.
Grade
The mushroom is POISONOUS!
False puffball warty
Lemon puffball
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Lycoperdon pratense Pers., 1794
Meadow raincoat, Also Vascellum arvensis lat Lycoperdon pratense, or Vascellum pratense - a species of basidiomycete fungi, part of the genus Lycoperdon puffball of the Champignon family Agaricaceae. In some classifications, Vascellum is distinguished into a separate genus Vascellum
- 1 Description
- 2 Ecology and habitat
- 3 Synonyms
- 4 Notes
- 5 Literature
Descriptionedit
The fruiting body in young mushrooms is spherical in shape, then becomes more flattened - pear-shaped or spinning, in adult mushrooms with a flattened top, reaches 1.2-3.55 cm in height and 1-4.56 cm in width. The peridium is two-layered, the exoperidium is covered with soft spines 1-1.5 mm long, white, brownish in old age, with cracks, disappearing with age; endoperidium is thin, whitish, then yellow-brownish, shiny, smooth, when spores are ejected, cracking at the apex into a round or slit-like hole. The stalk is quite well defined, up to 1.2 cm long, noticeably wrinkled12
Pulp with a septum-diaphragm separating the glebe and the stalk, with a strong pleasant smell. The glebe is white, in older mushrooms it is orangeish, when the spores ripen it is olive-brown. The septum on the upper side is shiny, grayish-brown2
Spores are almost spherical in shape, 2.5-4.5 µm in diameter Capillicium poorly developed, present only near the endoperidium Paracapillium developed throughout the entire volume of the gleba, uncolored, septate filaments, up to 6.5 µm thick1
Edible at least when young, suitable for consumption in various forms, does not require prior boiling
Similar speciesedit
It differs from other puffballs by the presence of a so-called diaphragm, which separates the spore-bearing gleba from the sterile stalk. Several closely related species that belong to the genus Vascellum are known from America and Africa, among them3:
- Lycoperdon curtisii Berk, 1859, distinguished by several times thicker paracapillicium filaments
- Lycoperdon subpratense Lloyd, 1905, distinguished by the presence of a pronounced true capillitium, as well as dark spines
Ecology and habitat edit
Grows in soil in most types of meadows, often in clearings in forests Prefers drier places Often grows together with Bovista plumbea1
Widespread species with an almost cosmopolitan range, absent from humid tropical regions1
Synonymsedit
According to the classification of E Larsson and M Jeppson, based on molecular phylogenetic studies in 2008, Vascellum arvensis is included in the subgenus Vascellum within the genus Lycoperdon4. According to the 10th edition of the “Dictionary of Fungi”, the genus Vascellum is included in the synonymy of Lycoperdon
- Bovista queletii Schulzer De Toni, 1888
- Calvatia depressa Bonord ZMoravec, 1954
- Globaria queletii Schulzer, 1885
- Lycoperdon caelatum Fr, 1829
- Lycoperdon depressum Bonord, 1857
- Lycoperdon gemmatum var pratense Pers J. Schröt, 1889
- Lycoperdon hyemale Bull, 1781
- Lycoperdon kalchbrenneri De Toni, 1888
- Lycoperdon natalense Cooke & Massee, 1887
- Lycoperdon vitellinum Fr, 1817
- Utraria pratensis Pers Quél, 1873
- Vascellum depressum Bonord FŠmarda, 1958
- Vascellum pratense Pers Kreisel, 1962
Notesedit
- 1 2 3 4
- 1 2
- Ponce de León, P 1970 "Revision of the genus Vascellum" Fieldiana: Botany 32 3: 109-125
- Larsson, E; Jeppson, M 2008 "Phylogenetic relationships among species and genera of Lycoperdaceae based on ITS and LSU sequence data from north European taxa" Mycological Research 112 1: 4-22 DOI:101016/jmycres200710018
Literatureedit
- Shvartsman S R, Filimonova N M Flora of spore plants of Kazakhstan Gasteromycetes - Alma-Ata, 1970 - T VI - P 87-90 - 318 p.
- Pegler, D. N.; Læssøe, T; Spooner, B British puffballs, earthstars and stinkhorns - 1995 - P 118 - 255 p - ISBN 0-947643-81-8
Meadow raincoat Information about
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Meadow raincoat what, Meadow raincoat who, Meadow raincoat explanation
There are excerpts from wikipedia on this article and video
This term has other meanings, see Raincoat.
Raincoat(lat. Lycoperdon) - a genus of mushrooms of the Champignon family; previously belonged to the puffball family ( Lycoperdaceae).
Description
The fruiting bodies are closed in structure, round, pear-shaped, often with a well-defined false stalk, small or medium in size.
Puffball mushrooms: description of types and medicinal properties
The sterile tissue of the false pedicle is tightly fused with the upper part, bearing the gleba. The exoperidium is covered with spine-like projections, which may fall off with age. After the spores ripen, the fruiting body opens with a small hole at the top.
It grows in the forests of central Russia mainly in late summer. Spore powder ranges from olive green to various shades of brown. L. perlatum usually grows in loose soil, while L. pyriforme grows on stumps and fallen trees.
Alternative names
The raincoat has many popular names. Usually, the puffball itself is called young, dense mushrooms that have not yet formed a powdery mass of spores (“dust”). Also called bee sponge, hare potato, and ripe mushroom - fluff mushroom, puff mushroom, dust mushroom, grandfather's tobacco, wolf's tobacco, tobacco mushroom, devil's tavlinka, etc. Puffballs and puffballs (the exception is the common puffball) are edible until they lose their whiteness.
Kinds
Cooking
Many types of puffballs are edible, tasty mushrooms preferred for making soup. It is recommended to peel the fruiting bodies before cooking, as the skin of the puffball is tough.
Literature
- Mushrooms: Directory / Transl. from Italian F. Dvin. - M.: “Astrel”, AST, 2001. - P. 621-263. - 304 s. - ISBN 5-17-009961-4.
- Grunert G. Mushrooms / trans. with him. - M.: “Astrel”, “AST”, 2001. - P. 252-255. - (Guide to Nature). - ISBN 5-17-006175-7.
- Lesso T. Mushrooms, key / trans. from English L. V. Garibova, S. N. Lekomtseva. - M.: “Astrel”, “AST”, 2003. - P. 260-261. - ISBN 5-17-020333-0.
Links
CC© wikiredia.ru
Mushroom raincoat
Raincoats are at best avoided. Or they trample on them, mistaking them for poisonous mushrooms and not knowing what a wonderful medicine is under their feet!
Puffball mushroom can be used to treat many diseases. These mushrooms can be dried without losing their medicinal properties. The main thing is to lightly boil them before drying, because they can crumble into dust. For storage, you need to select young mushrooms and cut them into thin translucent slices.
What does it cure?
And with the help of this mushroom they treat eczema, anemia, indigestion, venous congestion and many other ailments. It also helps well in healing wounds. According to an old recipe, a piece of a young mushroom is applied to the wound or dust is sprinkled on it - puffball spores - and then a bandage is simply applied.
Raincoat Tincture
To prepare a medicinal tincture, you need to fill a liter jar with mushrooms, then pour vodka over them and leave for 2 weeks in a dark place. It is recommended to drink this remedy 1 tbsp. l. (diluted with water) 3 times a day before meals.
This tincture is excellent for liver and stomach diseases.
Mushrooms Puffballs
In addition, it is a good prevention of cancer.
Puffball mushroom against eczema
For skin ailments (eczema, dermatitis, psoriasis, etc.), mix 100 ml of water and vodka. Fill a liter jar tightly with young mushrooms and fill with vodka mixture. Leave in a dark place for two weeks, strain. Then add 10 drops each of tea tree and lavender oil. Wipe the sore areas with this product twice a day. Using the same recipe, only without adding essential oils, you can prepare a raincoat tincture.
Take it 1 tbsp. with water three times a day before meals for skin diseases, as well as to remove toxins from the body after suffering from helminthiasis and hepatitis. The course is a week, repeat after a week if necessary.
An infusion of mushroom pulp is effective for laryngitis.
2 tbsp. raw materials pour 1 tbsp. boiling water, after 30 minutes, strain and squeeze. Gargle two to three times a day after meals until improvement occurs.
Raincoat contraindications
Pregnant and nursing mothers should not take the raincoat, as well as those with diseases of the gastrointestinal tract or kidney failure. Otherwise, it’s a very useful and healing mushroom!
This mushroom can be collected only when its flesh has not turned black, that is, you can take young puffball mushrooms for food. You could say that puffballs are edible until they lose their whiteness. Popularly, round mushrooms are most often called powder flask, grandfather's or mouse's tobacco. Some mushroom pickers know that puffballs are edible, but do not take them because they do not know how to prepare them. This is done very simply: like any sweet mushrooms, they need to be washed, crumbled into a frying pan (raincoats have a thick skin and before cooking, they can be peeled like potatoes - the taste will be much better) or into soup (for soup, raincoats are taken dry and not hot weather, because if the mushroom gets wet, even in the rain, it will not have the same taste. For the same reason, mushrooms for soup are not washed, but only wiped with a damp cloth).
Raincoats do not need to be boiled or soaked first; cook them in butter or sour cream. If you want to dry your raincoats for future use for food and treatment, you should boil them a little before doing so, otherwise they will turn into dust. Raincoats are used as a hemostatic agent. It is also useful to have raincoats for internal bleeding.
Delicious and healthy puffball mushroom, description and use
The raincoat is also used to treat kidney diseases, laryngitis, urticaria, and suppresses the development of leukemia. It contains calvacin, which has an antibiotic effect.
In Rus', young beauties who wanted to shine with snow-white teeth whitened them with raincoats! The young mushroom was broken and actively rubbed into the enamel of the teeth. They say it helped.
Mushroom pickers are reluctant to collect raincoats because there are false raincoats in nature. Yes, there are some. In false puffballs, the flesh quickly becomes black-olive or bluish-gray, but most importantly, it has a sharp, unpleasant odor, unlike the pleasant mushroom odor of edible species.
For psoriasis: Collect dry brown puffball spore powder and sprinkle it on oozing plaques. Store the powder in a dry, warm place in a closed glass jar.
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