Because it is separated by commas or not. How to spell "because": spelling and punctuation. When a conjunction is used: main cases
In complex sentences consisting of three or more predicative parts, combinations of two subordinating conjunctions (WHAT IF, WHAT WHEN, etc.) and combinations of coordinating and subordinating conjunctions (AND HOW, AND ALTHOUGH, etc.) may occur.
1. Two subordinating conjunctions in a row can occur in complex sentences with sequential subordination of subordinate clauses. Compare two sentences:
And I'm telling you, What I'll go with you If you will go.
And I'm telling you, what if you will go, I will go with you (L. Tolstoy).
In the first example, the main part ( And I'm telling you...), followed by a subordinate clause (... I'll go with you...), relating to the main part. Such parts of the assumption are called clauses of the first degree. And the subordinate clause completes the sentence (... if you go), relating not to the main part, but to the first subordinate clause. Such parts of a sentence are called subordinate clauses of the second degree.
In the second case, the subordinate parts are rearranged: after the main part of the sentence there is a subordinate clause of the second degree, and then a subordinate clause of the first degree. It was in this situation that two subordinating conjunctions found themselves side by side: the conjunction WHAT, with the help of which a subordinate clause of the first degree is attached, and the conjunction IF, which attaches a subordinate clause of the second degree. In such a sentence, there is a comma between two subordinating conjunctions.
Please note: from such a sentence the subordinate clause of the second degree ( ...if you go...) can be easily removed without destroying the entire syntactic structure: And I'm telling you that... I'll go with you.
Now let's change this sentence a little again:
And I'm telling you, what if you will go, That I'll go with you.
In this example, the correlative word TO appeared in the last subordinate clause. This is the second part of the compound conjunction IF...THEN. As a result, there is no comma between the conjunctions WHAT and IF. Please note: here we cannot omit the second degree clause ( ...if you go...), since the word TO, which refers to the last part of the sentence, will be retained in the sentence.
It turns out that the conjunction WHAT joins a single construction of two parts connected by the conjunction IF... THEN, and therefore, a comma between the words WHAT and IF is not needed. Consider two more similar sentences, only with the conjunctions WHAT and WHEN.
This is because what, when the carriage stops, the speed slows down throughout your whole body (A. Tolstoy).
Egor made a remark that was unexpected for Levin: what when he lived with good gentlemen, Then he was pleased with his masters (according to L. Tolstoy).
A comma between the conjunctions WHAT and WHEN is only in that sentence where there is no word THEN.
2. In addition to complex sentences with sequential subordination of subordinate clauses, a similar situation can arise in constructions where both coordinating and subordinating connections are used simultaneously. In this case, there may be nearby coordinating and subordinating conjunctions. Compare two sentences:
Curtain rose, And How As soon as the audience saw their favorite, the theater began to tremble with applause and enthusiastic cries (Kuprin).
Curtain rose, And How only the public saw their favorite, So the theater trembled with applause and enthusiastic shouts.
Please note: in both examples, AND and HOW are next to each other, but there is a comma only in the first sentence. The fact is that in the second example there were a simple conjunction AND and a compound conjunction AS... SO. The second (correlative) part of the compound conjunction follows after the subordinate tense.
Try removing the subordinate clause from the sentence, starting with the word HOW before the next comma. This is possible only in the first case, and in the second sentence the meaning will be destroyed, since the second part of the compound conjunction SO will remain in the subordinate clause.
Compare two more sentences:
and although her words were familiar to Saburov, they suddenly made his heart ache (Simonov).
The woman talked and talked about her misfortunes, and although her words were familiar to Saburov, But They suddenly made my heart ache.
In the second sentence, there is no comma between the conjunction AND and the conjunction ALTHOUGH, since the concessive subordinate clause is followed by the conjunction BUT, which actually takes on the function of connecting the first and third parts of a complex sentence. For this reason, in the second example, the words AND ALTHOUGH turn into a single conjunction that does not require separation in writing using a comma.
So, you need to remember the following rules.
1. With sequential subordination, subordinating conjunctions may appear nearby (WHAT and IF, WHAT and WHEN, etc.). A comma is placed between them only if there are no correlative words THEN or THEN later in the sentence.
2. If in a complex sentence there are coordinating and subordinating conjunctions nearby (AND and ALTHOUGH, AND and HOW, etc.), then you need to find out whether after the subordinate part of the correlative words THEN, SO or another coordinating conjunction (A, BUT, HOWEVER and etc.). A comma is placed only when these words are missing after the subordinate clause.
Exercise
- _ although no one asked themselves why anyone cared that the mayor was sleeping on a glacier and not in an ordinary bedroom, everyone was worried (Saltykov-Shchedrin).
The hunting sign that if the first animal and the first bird are not missed, then the field will be happy, turned out to be true (L. Tolstoy).
She knew that if the letter was shown to her husband, he would not refuse her (according to Tolstoy).
He felt that if he faltered, then everything would immediately go to hell (Gogol).
It always happened with Levin that when the first shots were unsuccessful, he got excited, annoyed and shot poorly all day (Tolstoy).
It never occurred to him that if he and other foreign idealists were Russians in Russia, the Leninist regime would exterminate them immediately (Nabokov).
In this case, the Foolovites surprised the world with their ingratitude, and as soon as they found out that the mayor was having a bad time, they immediately deprived him of their popularity (Saltykov-Shchedrin).
In passing, he ran into a change shop and exchanged all his large paper for small ones, and although he lost it at the exchange, his wallet grew significantly fatter (according to Dostoevsky).
In the penultimate room Andrei Filippovich met him, and although there were quite a few other people in the room who were completely strangers to Mr. Golyadkin at the moment, our hero did not want to pay attention to such a circumstance (Dostoevsky).
By morning the temperature had dropped, and although I was as lethargic as a toad, I put on my purple robe over my maize yellow pajamas and went to the office where the telephone was (Nabokov).
It may very well be that if the forms do not coincide with my requirements, I will abandon my legal claim (Tolstoy).
Andrei Filippovich answered Mr. Golyadkin with such a look that if our hero had not already been completely killed, he would certainly have been killed another time (Dostoevsky).
She, for example, became more and more convinced that if the general conversation was at times conducted in French, then this was done by conspiracy for the sake of devilish amusement (according to Nabokov).
The regimental commander announced that if these scandals do not stop, then we must leave (Tolstoy).
He felt that if he admitted this, it would be proven to him that he was saying nonsense that had no meaning (Tolstoy).
Levin made the remark long ago that when it becomes awkward with people because of their excessive compliance and submissiveness, it will very soon become unbearable because of their excessive demands and pickiness (Tolstoy).
Yankel turned to him and said that Ostap was sitting in the city dungeon, and although it was difficult to persuade the guards, he hoped to get him a date (according to Gogol).
He also petitioned for the establishment of an academy, and when he received a refusal, without further thought he built a house for rent instead (Saltykov-Shchedrin).
Even from the sound of light footsteps on the stairs, he felt her approach, and although he was pleased with his speech, he became afraid of the upcoming explanation... (Tolstoy).
But their hopes did not come true, and when the fields were freed from snow in the spring, the Foolovites, not without amazement, saw that they were standing completely naked (Saltykov-Shchedrin).
In a word, he thoroughly studied mythology, and although he loved to pretend to be pious, in essence he was the worst idolater (Saltykov-Shchedrin).
I loved visiting them, and although I ate terribly, like everyone else who visited them, although it was very harmful for me, I was always glad to go to them (Gogol).
She told him to hide under the bed, and as soon as the anxiety passed, she called her maid, a captive Tatar, and gave her the order to carefully take him out into the garden and from there send him over the fence (Gogol).
The grammarians started first, and as soon as the rhetoricians intervened, they already ran away and stood on the heights to watch the battle (according to Gogol).
To the question where the comma is placed in “because” asked by the author philosophy the best answer is
When a conjunction is divided, its first part becomes a correlative word included in the main part of a complex sentence as one of its members (as a rule, circumstances), and the subordinate clause acquires a clarifying character: Her face was subtly pink and slightly shiny (for what reason?) because (why exactly?) that she recently washed her face with soap (M. Sholokhov). (cf. her face<…>shiny (for what reason?), because she recently washed her face with soap.)
3. The presence of an introductory word or introductory construction before the conjunction, for example: He liked her, apparently (probably, maybe, it seems, obviously, I have to think, I suppose, etc.) because she was very beautiful.
Source:
Answer from ferroalloy[guru]
before the word "because"
Answer from Yovetlana[guru]
....because...
Answer from Zhenya Smirnova[newbie]
before the word because
Answer from I-beam[active]
no where
Answer from Zarinochka[guru]
before
Answer from Vitalik vitalik[newbie]
Because my parents gave it to me.
Answer from Ynis Chalabari[newbie]
Why do not you answer??
Answer from Max Romanov[newbie]
before
Answer from Sasha Leonyev[newbie]
not put
Answer from Lina Brown[newbie]
Example:
I didn't go to school because I felt bad.
A comma is placed before “because”.
Answer from Teacher[newbie]
The comma is placed: 1) ...because...or 2)...because... That is, either before “because” or before “that”. And nothing else.
Answer from Oleg Kozyukov[newbie]
This is not a phrase, but a complex subordinating conjunction... The placement of the comma depends on the meaning of the sentence and on some linguistic situations.
If a comma is placed between parts of a union, they speak of DISPARITION of the union. This union is dissected, i.e. a comma is placed after THEN in the following cases:
1) before the union there is a negation not, for example: Pastukhov got along with Tsvetukhin not because he was attracted to actors.
2) before the conjunction there are intensifying, restrictive and other particles, for example: Is it worth giving up a difficult task just because it is difficult?
3) before the conjunction there is an introductory word (introductory construction), for example: While visiting the Pryakhins, everyone felt free, perhaps because Pavel Romanovna did not try to occupy anyone.
In other cases, as a rule, a comma is placed before the beginning of a complex conjunction, i.e. before BECAUSE....
Answer from ¦ ? ¦ ? ¦ ¦ ?
[newbie]
It would not hurt you to give an example of a sentence with the conjunction because, and not just a conjunction without context.
If the subordinate clause is connected to the main clause using a complex (compound) subordinating conjunction, then the place of the punctuation mark is often determined by the writer himself, depending on the specific purposes of the statement. You can write: He liked her because she was very beautiful (emphasis on the result) or he liked her because she was very beautiful (emphasis on the reason).
When a conjunction is divided, its first part becomes a correlative word included in the main part of a complex sentence as one of its members (as a rule, circumstances), and the subordinate clause acquires a clarifying character: Her face was subtly pink and slightly shiny (for what reason?) because (why exactly?) that she recently washed her face with soap (M. Sholokhov). (cf. her face<…>she was shiny (for what reason?) because she had recently washed her face with soap.)
However, there are formal conditions that dictate the mandatory dismemberment/non-dismemberment of such a union. The conditions for the mandatory dismemberment of the union include the following:
1. The presence of a negative particle “not” before the conjunction, for example: He liked her not because she was very beautiful.
2. The presence of intensifying, restrictive and other particles before the conjunction, for example: He liked her only (only, in particular, just, precisely, etc.) because she was very beautiful.
3. The presence of an introductory word or introductory construction before the conjunction, for example: He liked her, apparently (probably, maybe, it seems, obviously, I have to think, I suppose, etc.) because she was very beautiful.
4. Inclusion of the first part (correlative word) in a series of homogeneous members or parallel constructions, for example: He liked her because she was very beautiful, and even more because she had extraordinary charm.
BECAUSE or BECAUSE
(comma for complex subordinating conjunctions)
In language, unlike arithmetic, when the positions of the terms are rearranged, the sum not only changes, but can sometimes turn into a difference.
Perhaps best of all, this property of our written speech is demonstrated by two popular “punctuation jokes.” The first of them is about the poor student Vita Perestukin, the hero of L. Geraskina’s story “In the Land of Unlearned Lessons,” whose fate turned out to depend on how he puts a comma in the sentence passed on him by His Majesty the Verb of the Imperative Mood “for ignorance, laziness and lack of knowledge of one’s native language.” language": EXECUTION CANNOT BE PARCORED. And the second is about a certain traveler who, in a moment of danger, promised in case of salvation " put up a golden statue holding a pike
", but as soon as the danger had passed, he decided not to fork out the cash and gave the order: " Place a statue holding a golden pike
".
Russian punctuation, according to the remark of one of its most subtle researchers N.S. Valgina, “has a clear purpose - to convey to the reader the meaning of what is written as it is reproduced by the writer.” That is why, by its very definition, it subjective, and therefore - and this is its fundamental difference from spelling - in most cases necessarily variable. And it is absolutely necessary to remember this when studying the system of punctuation rules: after all, according to A.P. Chekhov, “in a work of art, signs often play the role of notes, and you cannot learn them from a textbook; you need flair and experience.”
Try to find punctuation errors in the following sentences and understand how incorrect punctuation marks violate the meaning of the text:
1. It has long been established that octopuses are excellent learners, they have a good memory, they recognize the people who feed them and can become tame.
2. Anton shed tears when he saw him, bowed to the ground, told him that his old master was still alive and ran to harness the horses (A. Pushkin).
3. She [Anna Sergeevna] was walking alone, still wearing the same beret with a white Spitz (A. Chekhov).
4. I maintained two-way radio communication with the Earth and heard the voices of my comrades working at radio stations as clearly as if they were nearby (According to Yu. Gagarin).
5. Suddenly the driver began to look to the side and, finally taking off his hat, turned to me and said: “Master, would you order me to turn back?” (A. Pushkin).
6. Unfortunately, he was extremely short-sighted, so much so that he even wore glasses to some special order (A. Kuprin).
7. On the lower floor, under the balcony, the windows were probably open because women’s voices and laughter were clearly heard (A. Chekhov).
The last two examples illustrate the rule about placing a punctuation mark in a complex sentence with a compound subordinating conjunction ( due to the fact that, in view of the fact that, due to the fact that, due to the fact that, instead of, in order to, in order to, while, because, because, despite the fact that, after, before before
and so on.).
If the subordinate clause is connected to the main clause using a complex (compound) subordinating conjunction, then the place of the punctuation mark is often determined by the writer himself, depending on the specific goals of the statement. You can write He liked herbecause
she was very beautiful(emphasis on results) or He liked herbecauseshe was very beautiful(emphasis on the reason).
When a conjunction is divided, its first part becomes a correlative word included in the main part of a complex sentence as one of its members (as a rule, circumstances), and the subordinate clause acquires a clarifying character: Her face was subtly pink and slightly shiny(for what reason?) that's why(why exactly?) , What(M. Sholokhov). (cf. her face<…>shiny (for what reason?), because ofshe recently washed her face with soap.)
However, there are formal conditions dictating the mandatory dismemberment/non-dismemberment of such a union. The conditions for the mandatory dismemberment of the union include the following:
The presence of a negative particle “not” before the conjunction, for example: He liked hernot becauseshe was very beautiful.
The presence of intensifying, restrictive and other particles before the union, for example: He liked heronly (only, in particular, just, precisely and so on.) because was very beautiful.
The presence of an introductory word or introductory construction before the conjunction, for example: He liked herapparently (probably, maybe, it seems, obviously, one has to think, I think and so on.) , becauseshe was very beautiful.
Inclusion of the first part (correlative word) in a series of homogeneous members or parallel constructions, for example: He liked herbecausewas very beautifuland even more so because had extraordinary charm.
It must be borne in mind that some conjunctions, when broken into two parts, dramatically change their meaning, for example: I fell, So broke my knee (clause of consequence) - I fell Sobroke my knee(clause of manner of action with a connotation of the degree of this quality); He looked at herbecausehe liked her(subordinate reason) - He looked at herbecauseif he liked her(a subordinate clause of the manner of action with a connotation of the degree of this quality).
More often, a complex subordinating conjunction is not divided if the subordinate clause precedes the main one, for example: As
the snow in the pot turned gray and turned into a milky-cloudy liquid, Pavel added snow from a bucket(B. Okudzhava). The indivisibility of the conjunction in this position is explained by the fact that the last part of the sentence is usually emphasized, while accents are rare at the beginning. Wed: Asthe sun was rising, the day was warmer and cheerful(I. Bunin). - The noise died down as
the news penetrated to all corners of the hall(L. Leonov).
Complex unions are not dismembered whereas, while
: He liked to read detective storieswhile
(whereas) his wife preferred the romance novel genre.
Possibility of dismemberment of the union while detected when updating temporary meaning, especially when including words just, yet, most, exactly
: I asked my grandfather about thisjust at the time
he swung his second felt boot(M. Prishvin). Such sentences are close to sentences with the conjunction When (during the time when
): The mushrooms are really starting to growduring the time when
rye shoots an ear(V. Tendryakov).
A. Kanevsky's story "On the Use of Punctuation Marks" talks about how " the man lost his comma and became afraid of complex sentences. I was looking for a simpler phrase. Simple phrases were followed by simple thoughts.
Then he lost the exclamation mark and began to speak quietly, with one intonation. Nothing pleased or outraged him anymore; he treated everything without emotion.
Then he lost the question mark and stopped asking any questions. No events aroused his curiosity, no matter where they happened - in space, on Earth, or even in his own apartment.
After another couple of years, he lost his colon and stopped explaining his actions to people.
By the end of his life, he only had quotation marks left. He did not express a single idea of his own, he quoted someone all the time - so he completely forgot how to think and reached a point.
Watch out for punctuation!"
It is correct to write the conjunction because in two words, and the phrase preposition + pronoun + conjunction is separately in three words.
Spelling
Difficulties in writing arise due to the fact that this conjunction is a derivative. That is, it is formed by combining two bases. Such words are often written together to avoid complete homonymy with the stems that produce them. These are, for example, also - the same, so that - whatever, but - for that. To correctly resolve the issue of how to spell because, you need to dwell on the following points.
- If you look at the derived lexemes of the type too, also, which changed their spelling to merged as a result of the word formation process, you will notice that they come from monosyllabic words. Long lexemes are much less likely to merge into one whole. In the adverb because, from which it comes because, there are two syllables. The adverb itself is already formed by merging the preposition by and the pronoun that, written together. Further addition of another root would be redundant from the point of view of the Russian language, where there is a strong tendency to save linguistic resources. Therefore, in the question of how to write: because or because, it is correct to give preference to the first option and write the word separately.
- Another possible option is to write with a hyphen. In the case of because, the desire to write with a hyphen arises from an analogy with for some reason, however, from the point of view of spelling rules, there is no reason for this. “Because” does not contain the particles either, either, or, which should be written with a hyphen.
- It is worth remembering that under the influence of pronunciation you can make a mistake in the second part of the word. The correct spelling is that, although it is pronounced [shto].
Thus, a compound derivative conjunction is always written separately, with the letter h.
What parts of speech can the word because
However, when you see “because”, you should not automatically determine the part of speech of this word. There are two options here:
- Because it is part of the union. For example: I was late because I forgot to set my alarm.
- Because - adverb. For example: The weather was good, so I decided to walk to the stop.
To determine the partial identity in each specific case, you can use the table
| action | Part of the union | adverb |
| Is it possible to ask a question because? | Can't be set. The question is asked to the entire subordinate clause | Answers the question: Why? |
| In what sentence is it used? | Complex with the meaning of cause | Most often – non-union with a hint of investigation |
| What is it used for? | Is a means of communication | Has an adverbial grammatical meaning |
| Can it be removed from the offer? | No. The meaning will be lost | Yes |
| Look at neighboring words | The second part is definitely next to you: what how | Could be standing nearby and, a. Or they can be inserted without changing the meaning of the statement |
| Replace with synonym | Since, because, due to the fact that, due to the fact that, due to the fact that, due to the fact that | Therefore, therefore |
When is it correct to write in three words?
Another problem is the distinction between a conjunction and a homonymous construction consisting of a preposition, a pronoun and a conjunctive word. The correct spelling in this case is separate: according to the fact that.
This design is characterized by the following properties:
- You can ask a dative case question for a pronoun: Why?
- What– a relative pronoun that acts as an allied word. It can be replaced with a noun suitable in meaning, and it can be determined which member of the sentence it acts as.
- The subordinate part has an explanatory meaning, not a causal one, that is, it explains the word “by that” from the main one.
For example: Returning from war, a soldier walked through what had once been a beautiful city.
Walking on what?- That's why. From the context it is possible to replace with a noun: over the ruins, the ruins of what was a beautiful city. A conjunctive word that acts as a subject explains the pronoun "That" from the main part.
Punctuation in sentences
To decide where to place a comma in a because clause, you need to consider the following punctuation rules:
- A comma is placed before because, at the junction of two grammatical bases in a complex sentence. The student was unable to complete the task because he listened to the teacher’s explanations.
- When because comes at the beginning, a comma is not used, since this is usually an incomplete sentence. Such designs are used by writers to achieve the artistic effect of emphasis. This technique is called parcellation. For example: Let this person urgently fly to Moscow. Because they are waiting for him at Vnukovo airport. It's been almost two years now. It is inappropriate to use such a technique in business writing.
- A comma is placed between because and that, if:
- Therefore there is a negation before it. People love Russia not because it is a big and strong country.
- The word is therefore highlighted with the help of particles (only, only, precisely), or it is preceded by introductory words (probably, perhaps, of course). Sasha was afraid of heights, probably because as a child he climbed a tree and for a long time could not come down from there.
- Logical stress falls on it. The correct placement of signs depends on the purpose of the statement. If the speaker’s task is to emphasize the reason for what happened, then you can rearrange it, a comma is placed between the words. I love spring because everything around me changes. Here the emphasis is on the reason for loving spring; therefore it is possible to rearrange: That's why I love spring... If it is more important to indicate the result, the punctuation mark is placed before because: My friends love summer, and I love spring, because everything around me changes.
- Therefore it is included in a homogeneous series. Sonya was scared because of the gunshots, the sounds of breaking glass, screams and because her father still had not returned home.
- In sentences where the construction is used, a comma should be placed before that. By what a person says about other people, one can draw a conclusion about his upbringing.
because or because
How to spell it correctly?
The word “because” is always written separately - because .
Word writing rule
To understand how this expression is written, let's figure out what parts of speech it consists of.
Expression " because" is nothing more than a complex conjunction.
We can explain the erroneous version of the continuous spelling by the fact that this expression is well known to everyone. And since it is pronounced in one breath, you want to write it together. However, this is not correct.
Compound union " because" consists of two separate words " That's why" And " What" Some manage to insert a hyphen between them, confusing the last conjunction with the particle “ That" In some sentences, depending on the context, this phrase must be written in three separate words. For example: A woman's character can be judged by what she has in her purse. In such cases, the expression " because"presented as a preposition " By", pronouns " that" and the union " What».
In order to distinguish between two different expressions, you need to ask the question “why?” If a sentence with a phrase gives the answer, then it is a compound conjunction, which is written in two words. If the answer is no, then this is a phrase that should be written in three words. It is also very important to correctly highlight this conjunction in the letter.
There are a number of rules about where exactly the comma should be placed. Briefly they can be described as follows:
- if the essence of the sentence is focused on the reason, then a comma is placed before “ What»;
I haven't rested for a long time because I have a lot of work.
- if on the result, a comma is placed before “ That's why»;
She liked you because you acted naturally.
In all cases the expression " because" is written separately.
Examples
- I didn't come to you because I was already late.
- We never pick mushrooms in the forest because We just don't eat them.
- Alena walked in the park all day, because I didn't want to go home.
