German language on the topic of my car. “Features of the translation of professional terminology when describing the structure of a German car.” III. Repetition of grammar material
The German auto industry is characterized as one of the best in the world. The products of German engineering plants have high quality, excellent reliability, safety and other properties, thanks to which these vehicles are widely popular. German cars occupy third place in terms of quantity on the world market, behind China and Japan. The brands Volkswagen, Audi, BMW and Mercedes-Benz are known to every driver in any country.
German cars have always been famous for their high quality
Not so long ago, there was a stereotype according to which all German cars have prestigious equipment and an increased level of comfort, as well as ultra-high quality, due to which the cost of their products was unaffordable for many. Nowadays, this is not the case, because companies in Germany create cars in different classes and price segments, while maintaining the basic properties for which drivers love them.
History of the German automobile industry
It is noteworthy that the world history of the production of vehicles with internal combustion engines originated in Germany, thanks to the engineer Karl Benz. He patented a three-wheeled car that moved independently - without the participation of horses or other external influence. In addition, Benz developed and patented a significant number of units without which the car could not exist - an ignition system that was powered by spark plugs or a battery, a clutch, a carburetor, a gearbox and other systems.
Karl Benz's first car was produced in 1885. Then the engineer made a test run, driving his car a few meters. In 1886 he received a patent for his invention. The world's first car was equipped with an internal combustion engine, which had a power of less than one horsepower. The vehicle reached a speed of 16 kilometers per hour.
At first, the car was received ambiguously in German society - most did not understand why a carriage without horses was needed, or simply grinned, considering Benz a madman. For the sake of fairness, it should be noted that the car made a lot of noise and stalled every hundred meters, and his sons ran after Karl, bringing gasoline.
Perhaps the car would never have become a mass phenomenon if not for Benz's wife Bertha. One day she took a vehicle without her husband’s permission in order to use it for her own purposes - to travel with her children to another city to visit her mother. Bertha and the children covered more than 100 kilometers in four and a half hours. Of course, along the way the car constantly broke down. The first motorists solved all problems with the help of craftsmen along the way - saddlers and engineers. Bertha bought gasoline for her car at pharmacies, where it was sold as a cleaner.
Having successfully covered the distance and returned, she told Karl about all the difficulties that arose on the road, to which he promised to modify the vehicle. Including, this is how the gearbox appeared, without which going uphill was accompanied by pushing the car with your hands. The first serious trip also created a serious stir around the car - upon Bertha’s return, the family began to receive orders for similar vehicles.
In 1900, the Benz company became sufficiently developed to produce more than 600 cars per year. His competition was from engineer Gottlieb Daimler, who also made important amendments to the history of mechanical engineering. So, he managed to create a four-wheeled car and equip it with a four-cylinder engine. The designers never had contact with each other, but in 1926, after the death of the founders, the two companies merged into the Daimler-Benz concern.
To this day, more than 130 years later, the German automobile industry is one of the leading in the world, and is responsible for many inventions in the field of mechanical engineering. Industry in the country is actively developing, producing new cars of various classes and price categories every year. So, in 2015, several improved generations of old lines were born and new ones were released.
Advantages of German cars
Most cars produced in Germany have common features, thanks to which they are all in demand around the world. German manufacturers manage to perfectly realize their advantages, winning over car enthusiasts.
High factory quality
One of the main advantages of German cars is the high standard of assembly and control of each stage of production. At a factory, even the smallest unit is important, which is produced and installed in accordance with the regulations. A serious approach allows cars from Germany to have one of the smallest percentages of quality complaints from buyers. In addition, all German materials are designed for long-term operation in harsh conditions, which significantly extends the service life of vehicles when used correctly.
Security systems
German companies have become the developers of a number of active and passive safety systems that are designed to protect the driver, passengers and surrounding road users from possible accidents. Germany's achievements in mechanical engineering include the system of exchange rate stability, stabilization, etc.
Optimal engine system
Motors from German manufacturers are historically famous for their high power. Recently, the determining parameter for the development of engines has become the principle of increasing specific power, which makes them even more rational - every liter of fuel is used more efficiently, allowing the production of lighter and more compact units. In addition, the reliability of German engines is worthy of special mention - they are among the most durable in the world.
Wide functionality
Even the most budget car models from Germany are equipped with everything a modern driver might need - navigation systems, climate control, several airbags, etc. More expensive German cars have appropriate options that push the boundaries of the concept of “convenience”.
Economical
Despite the often high cost of purchasing a car made in Germany, its operation - refueling and minor repairs - is very cheap due to rational fuel consumption and reliability. This property is due to the mentality of the Germans, who are ready to pay good money once in order to benefit from it for many years.
Comfort
The design of German cars does not contain bold lines both outside and inside. The interior is made only taking into account human needs, which makes the interior of German cars one of the most thoughtful. The appearance of the vehicles also has a classic, consistent style, which, first of all, is characterized by clarity and comfort.
Wide range of products
Transport manufacturers in Germany have moved away from the standards of status and expensive cars. For many years now, a variety of classes of cars have been rolling off their assembly lines, including budget city compacts.
The best German cars by class
Germany replenishes the domestic and foreign markets with a variety of cars. Among their products there is a vehicle for any driver - a compact, family car, jeep or even a sports car.
Microcar
The best German-made ultra-compact car is the Audi A3. The latest generation of the car was introduced in 2012 and continues to represent the company's line of microcars on the global market. A slight restyling of the car introduced a new radiator grille to the appearance, giving the A3 corporate style features. The optics give the car a fast appearance. In addition, the body was generally updated - it received new features. The Audi interior is made as rationally as possible to accommodate all control elements in an accessible configuration and provide the driver and passengers with a comfortable interior. The most powerful engine in the entire line has a volume of 2 liters, 8 cylinders and a power of 143 hp. With. With a consumption of 4.5 liters per 100 km, the German car is an excellent choice for city driving.
Best ultra-compact car Audi-A3
Compact car
The most profitable compact is the Volkswagen Polo. The current generation appeared in 2009 and retained the main qualities of the line - small, rationally used size, good performance and affordable price. The car is perfect for drivers who need to spend a lot of time in the city with all its traffic jams and busy parking lots. The updated Polo has become more dynamic and modern. The engines of the German compact from Volkswagen have become more economical and environmentally friendly. The smallest has a volume of 1.2 liters and consumes no more than 5.3 liters of gasoline per 100 km. The car is available in sedan and hatchback body styles, which allows the driver to choose the best format for him.
Volkswagen Polo - a profitable compact car
European "middle class"
The best mid-size car from Germany is the popular C-class. The latest, fourth generation was presented in 2013: the updated C-Class received an extended body and wheelbase, which should please fans of the series, since this category is a budget replacement for business cars. The weight of the car was reduced, as composite materials were used in the production of the body. Mercedes equipped the updated sedan with an air suspension capable of changing the vehicle's ground clearance, as well as a number of safety systems - active and passive. In addition, the car from Germany received a wide range of engines, where you can find a 1.6-liter with a power of 156 hp. s., and a four-liter engine with 510 horsepower, which brings the C-class even closer to business.
Family car
The Volkswagen Golf takes the position of the best German family car. The new model was presented to the world in 2012 in Berlin - this is the seventh generation of the car, the name of which became a household name and gave birth to an entire “golf” class. The car still has its recognizable body features that belong to the Volkswagen family, but it has become more sporty and solid when compared with the previous generation. The new modular system helped reduce the weight of the car, and engineers worked on increasing the size of the body, which made the new Golf more interesting, and most importantly, more spacious. The most powerful 1.4-liter engine has 140 horsepower, combining performance and efficiency - just what a large family needs.
Volkswagen Golf - the best family car
Business Class
The best German E-class car is the Audi A6. The latest, currently relevant generation was released in 2010. During restyling, the car became wider and more voluminous, and also received a premium, serious design. Inside the A6 body there is a comfortable and functional interior, in which you can find both an on-board computer with a display and navigation system, and multiple security systems. The interior of the car is made of expensive high quality materials that provide comfort. The most powerful Audi engine is a five-liter with a horsepower of 580. It is available in the most expensive, sporty trim level of the car.
Audi-A6 is the best German E-class car
Luxury car
The most notable F class car in Germany is the Audi A8. The current third generation was released in 2010 and received a number of significant changes: a lightweight body made using aluminum alloys, a modern Quattro system that provides all-wheel drive, as well as a wide range of engines. The most powerful power unit of the car is a 6.3-liter gasoline unit with 503 horsepower. The basic equipment of the luxury A8 includes an audio and media system, cruise control, full power accessories, climate control, servotronic and several more modern functions. This car competed with other German luxury cars - Mercedes C-Class and BMW 7 Series.
Audi-A8 is the best F class car
Sport car
The best sports coupe on the German market is the Porsche Carrera GT. Models of this car stopped being produced in 2006, but they are still relevant and competitive, displacing their analogues on the German market. Sports models, produced after a twenty-year break, since 2003, received not only an updated appearance, but also improved driving performance, as well as wide functionality. A team of designers and engineers worked on the appearance of the car, who created for it not only an impressive futuristic, but also aerodynamically rational body. The best engine has a power of 612 horsepower and a volume of 5.7 liters. The motor is also environmentally friendly. As for the equipment, the car received ceramic brakes, an anti-lock braking system, a 6-speed manual transmission and a suspension stabilizer - these properties provide excellent driving performance.
Porsche Carrera GT - the best sports car
Minivan
The best buy for a driver who needs a truly roomy car is the German Volkswagen Touran. This car is designed to prove that vans can not only be incredibly spacious, but also well equipped. The Touran is the winner of the NCAP rating in the category "best minivan 2015" - not only in Germany, but throughout the world. What makes it best for family use is its safety: equipped with ABS, ESP, cruise control, stability in crash tests - all this increases the level of security. As for its direct purpose, Volkswagen is distinguished by its rational organization of space in the cabin and trunk of the car and has roof rails, which allows it to transport even more cargo.
Volkswagen Touran - a roomy car
SUV
The best German-made SUV is the Audi Q7. The second generation SUV dictates its standards in the German market, significantly surpassing all its competitors. The appearance of the car, released in 2015, impresses with its brutality and confidence. The most advanced engine has a volume of 3 liters and a power of 333 horsepower. In addition to good driving performance, the Q7 has a wide range of equipment - something that allows the SUV to be classified as an elite vehicle. It is equipped with a virtual dashboard, a media system, tablet computers, as well as cruise control and an auxiliary system for traffic jams.
Audi-Q7 - the best German-made jeep
Conclusion
The modern automotive market in Germany offers its customers a wide variety of cars. Among them there are both high-status expensive models and budget ones that will fit into the economy of any family. German products combine comfort, quality and reliability, safety and functionality. You can safely purchase relatively expensive German cars - the cost will pay off more than once during operation.
Theoretical foundations of terminology research.
1.1. Special lexical units within the language.
1.2. Traditional ideas about the term and term formation.
1.3. Terminology as an object of research.
1.4. Cognitive research in the field of terminology.
1.5. Characteristics of automotive terminology.
Conclusions on the first chapter.
Structural and semantic aspect of the study of automotive terminology in comparable languages.
2.1. Thematic classification of automotive terminology in comparable languages
2.1.1. Thematic groups of automotive terms in German.
2.1.2. Thematic groups of automotive terms in Russian.
2.2. Structural characteristics of automotive terminology in compared languages
2.2.1. Structural parameters of automotive terms in German.
2.2.2. Structural parameters of automotive terms in Russian.
2.3. Semantic features of automotive terminology in compared languages
2.3.1. Synonymy: terminological variability and doubletness.
2.3.2. Antonymy.
2.5. Eponymous terms as a specific feature of automotive terminology.
Conclusions on the second chapter.
Functional aspect of the analysis of automotive terminology. On the concept of “automotive media discourse”.
3.1. Discourse is the object of linguistic research.
3.2. Automotive discourse: definition and characteristics.
3.3. Core-peripheral organization of automotive media discourse of compared languages
3.3.1. Functioning of terms in automotive media discourse.
3.3.2. Discursive names of special concepts: nomen and professionalisms.
3.3.3. Metaphorical nomination of special concepts.
Conclusions on the third chapter.
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Introduction of the dissertation (part of the abstract) on the topic “Automotive terminology in German and Russian languages: structural, semantic and functional aspects”
The dissertation is devoted to a comparative study of automotive terminology in German and Russian languages in structural, semantic and functional aspects.
The continuously developing world and people are in close interaction and mutual influence. A person actively transforms the surrounding reality. The mediator between a person and the knowable world is language, which “creates opportunities for ordering and systematizing in memory a wealth of knowledge to build a linguistic picture of the world characteristic of each given ethnocultural collective” [Maslova, 2005: 11].
The inextricable connection of language with the life and activities of society is expressed in the fact that all processes of social development and scientific and technological progress are dynamically and multifacetedly reflected in vocabulary, and in particular in terminological systems. Terms define the essence of scientific discoveries, reflect the content of developing fields of knowledge, convey newly created and existing concepts in science and technology, and serve as the name of new objects and phenomena.
Terminology has been and remains the main means of fixing, updating and transmitting conceptual paradigms in science. Terms and terminology have always been the subject of analysis of numerous works of linguistic, logical and general scientific content. The active processes of development of modern science and technology predetermine the close attention of linguists to theoretical and applied issues of terminology.
Currently, terminology studies are no longer satisfied with the usual, stable axioms about the nature of a term; it rushes to study the texts directly in which terms appear and live.
The functional aspect in the study of terminology is of great and independent research importance, since all the true properties and qualities of a term appear only when it functions in special texts or in oral forms of professional communication [Danil Enko 1986].
In this case, the subjects of communication act as bearers of one social role: this is the speech of professionals for the profession. However, a characteristic sign of new times is the replacement of the addressee’s position by a “non-specialist” and the expansion of the sector of popular science publications of various types. That is why the functioning of terms in specialized types of media discourse is of significant interest to the researcher.
At the turn of the 20th-21st centuries, a process of colossal global transformations is actively underway, affecting all areas of industry. One of the leading branches of mechanical engineering in many countries of the world is the automotive industry. The terminology of this industry is becoming more and more in demand and is of paramount importance in the modern situation.
In recent years, the interest of linguists and specialists in various fields of science and technology in the problems of industry terminologies has sharply increased, which is explained by the increasing flow of scientific and technical information, integration processes, and strengthening of term creation processes.
The study of transport terminology is not a new topic; the mentioned layer of vocabulary has already been the object of research by individual authors: L.I. Voskresenskaya studied the semantic structure of English technical (automotive) terms. Research by N.P. Tomasevich was devoted to the terminological vocabulary of the English sublanguage of the automotive industry and its interaction with other lexical layers.
V.G. Zakharova examined the terminology of the automotive industry in the Russian and Belarusian languages, namely the system of term formation for the category “processes, methods of action.” L.I. Lesnichaya, using the material of automobile industry terminology of modern French, studied the semantics of the syntactic structures of compound terms. Yu.A. Chuntomova studied English transport terminology. I.E. Korotaeva analyzed the lexical-semantic field “Transport” in the American English language. I.N. Pozdnysheva conducted a comparative analysis of automotive terminology systems in English, French and Russian.
Thus, it can be stated that these works consider only certain aspects of the study of road transport terminology.
The relevance of this study is determined by the fact that in the linguistic literature, according to our data, there are still no works that consider this terminology in a functional aspect, and based on the material of the German language, automobile terms have not been the subject of research at all. We consider this not entirely legitimate, since, despite the dominance of the English language in the international arena, the German language is also of great importance in technical, scientific and business communication, and German automakers have long been recognized throughout the world for reliable, modern technological equipment and high functionality their products.
The object of this study is automotive terminology in German and Russian.
The choice of automotive terminology as an object of study is due to the fact that it represents an important lexical system in communicative and cultural-historical terms, which is constantly updated and intensively developed.
The subject of the study is the structural, semantic and functional characteristics of automotive terminology in the German and Russian languages.
The purpose of this dissertation is a comparative study of automotive terminology in German and Russian languages in structural, semantic and functional aspects.
In accordance with the main goal of the work, the following tasks were identified:
Conduct a selection and inventory of lexical material in German and Russian languages within the terminology under consideration for subsequent description, analysis and comparison.
Identify structural models of the formation of automotive terms in German and Russian languages.
To characterize semantic phenomena (synonymy, antonymy) in the automotive terminology of German and Russian languages.
To study the mechanisms of functioning in the automotive media discourse of comparable languages of terms and discursive names of terminological concepts (nomen, professionalisms, metaphors).
To analyze the role and place of the conceptual metaphor with the target sphere “car” in German and Russian automotive media discourses and to identify the most productive source areas of metaphorical nominations.
To achieve the objectives, the following methods were used:
Method of comparative analysis;
Continuous sampling method for collecting material;
Thematic classification;
Method of structural analysis of terminological units;
The method of component analysis in its definitive version;
Method of statistical analysis;
Quota method;
Discourse analysis method.
The material for the study was: automobile dictionaries, textbooks, monographs, operating and repair manuals for domestic and foreign cars. The total corpus of material collected using the continuous sampling method amounted to 2864 terminological units in German and the same number of terms in Russian.
The material for the study of the discourse was publications in authentic glossy automobile magazines “Auto Bild”, “Auto News”, “Auto Test” and materials from similar magazines in Russian: “Za Rulem”, “Avtopanorama”, “Cars” for the period 2008 - 2010 gg., with a total volume of 3000 pages.
In addition, information material collected during an internship at the University was used. Johannes Guttenberg (Mainz, Germany) within the framework of a grant from the German DAAD Foundation.
The scientific novelty of the proposed research is manifested against the background of the lack of work on the study of automotive terminology in a comparative manner, in particular on the material of the German and Russian languages. We believe that only through comparison can the similarities and differences in the special technical terminology of two unrelated languages be established and analyzed. For the first time, the functioning of automobile terms in media discourse is analyzed and the discursive names of terminological concepts are described.
The theoretical and methodological basis consisted of several groups of sources:
Works on the theory of terminology: K.Ya. Averbukha, JT.M. Alekseeva, O.S. Akhmanova, N.V. Vasilyeva, B.N. Golovina, S.B. Grineva, V.P. Danilenko, Z.I. Komarova, V.M. Leichika, S.E. Nikitina,
H.B. Podolskaya, A.A. Reformatsky, A.B. Superanskaya, B.A. Tatarinova, JI.B. Tkacheva, S.D. Shelova and others.
Works of domestic and foreign linguists working in line with the cognitive direction: H.H. Boldyreva, M.N. Volodina, E.I. Golovanova, JI.B. Ivina, E.S. Kubryakova, H.H. Lykova, L.A. Manerko, V.A. Maslova, S.L. Mishlanova, V.F. Novodranova, Yu.V. Slozhenikina, V.D. Tabanakova, A.P. Chudinova, V.I. Khairullin, J. Lakoff, M. Johnson and others.
Sources related to the study of discourse theory (discourseology): N.D. Arutyunova, V.I. Karasik, Yu.N. Karaulov, H.A. Kuzmina, E.G. Malysheva, O.G. Revzina, Yu.S. Stepanov, V.E. Chernyavskaya, T.A. van Dijk, E.I. Sheigal et al.
Automotive work: I.I. Gnatchenko, S.S. Dobronravova, V.G. Krapina, Yu.V. Kudryavtseva, S.T. Stepanova.
Comparative typological research: V.G. Gaka, E.H. Bulatnikova, A.B. Maitova, I.N. Pozdnysheva, A.G. Fayzullina.
The theoretical significance of the work lies in the use of a cognitive-discursive approach to the description of industry terminology, in identifying similarities and differences in the functioning of a term in the discourse of differently structured languages, which creates the basis for the further development of not only the general theory of the term, but also the theory of comparative terminology in general.
The practical value of the work lies in the fact that the findings of the study can be used in special courses on terminology, lexicology, comparative linguistics, regional studies, as well as in the practice of teaching German to students in the specialties “Automotive service”, “Special purpose vehicles”, “Operation of transport technological machines and complexes".
The material presented in the work can be used to compile manuals, textbooks and dictionaries for these specialties. In addition, the results of the study can serve as a basis for further analysis of terminology in the discursive aspect. The following provisions are submitted for defense:
1. The set of automotive terms is an open, established, dynamically developing terminological system, important in communicative and cultural-historical terms for speakers of both German and Russian.
2. The studied terminology in the compared languages has a clear structure, which is confirmed by the presence of four general thematic groups: “Car design”, “Technical operation”, “Road transportation”, “Car production” - and ten subgroups. The largest group in both languages is the “Car Design” group; the terms of this thematic group form the core part of the terminology and reflect the key concepts of the industry.
3. The main structural types of automotive terms in German and Russian are the same: one-word terms (root, affix, composites, abbreviations) and non-one-word terms (terminological combinations). However, in the German language, in accordance with its typological characteristics, the predominant structural class is composite terms, while in Russian there are two-component terminological combinations. At the same time, the components of both German language composites and Russian phrases are connected by attributive relations, which is, in principle, characteristic of terminology.
4. A comparative study of synonymy revealed the following feature. In both languages, synonymy in automotive terminology is represented by variant terms and doublet terms. Synonymous series of doublet terms in the German language consist of 2 - 6 members, mainly composites with a common term element, which is due to the grammatical specifics of the language. Synonymous series in the Russian language are represented by pairs of single-word terms-doublets and terminological phrases that enter into synonymous relationships both with single-word terms and with each other. The most common type of variant terms in the languages being compared is elliptic. Among antonym terms in both languages, the conversion type is productive.
5. The two main spheres of functioning of automotive terms are special (educational, scientific, industrial automotive discourses) and media (automotive media discourse). The basic concept of automotive media discourse is the car, therefore terminological and non-terminological (discursive) nominations of this concept are active in it.
The lexical core of automotive media discourse in the compared languages is formed by terms of widespread use, while the perinuclear zone is occupied by highly specialized terms and nomenclature units. On the periphery are professionalisms and metaphorical designations of terminological concepts.
6. A characteristic feature of automotive media discourse in both German and Russian is metaphor. A large number of metaphors are due to the comparison of a car with a person, his body, and the surrounding reality. The identified dominant metaphorical models with the source spheres “Man” and “Nature” indicate the anthropocentric nature of metaphors in automotive media discourse. The main principle of organizing automotive media discourse in the compared languages is the combination of expression and standard.
Approbation of work. The main provisions and conclusions were discussed at meetings of the Department of Stylistics and Language of Mass Communications, Omsk State University. F.M. Dostoevsky.
The materials of the work were presented at the International Conference of Germanists, held with the support of the German DAAD Foundation (St. Petersburg, 2008); International scientific and practical conference “Communicative aspects of language and culture” (Tomsk, 2009); VII International Scientific and Technical Conference “Dynamics of Systems, Mechanisms and Machines” (Omsk, 2009); covered at the XIV All-Russian Scientific and Practical Conference “Issues of modern philology and methods of teaching languages at universities and schools” (Penza, 2009); 10th International Conference “Current Problems of Modern Science” (Samara, 2009); International scientific and practical conference “Heterogeneity and pluracentrism of the German-speaking space” (Ulyanovsk, 2010); International scientific and practical correspondence conference “The Word in the Space of Language” (Ulyanovsk, 2011).
Structure of the dissertation. The dissertation consists of an Introduction, three chapters with conclusions, a Conclusion and a Bibliography. The main text of the work is presented on 168 pages. The dissertation contains 1 diagram, 14 tables and 2 diagrams confirming the objectivity of the findings.
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22. Tveritnev, M. V. English-Russian and Russian-English automobile dictionary Text. : about 25,000 terms / M. V. Tveritnev. 3rd ed., stereotype. - M.: Russo, 2001. - 492 p.
23. Linguistics. Large encyclopedic dictionary Text. / ch. ed. V. N. Yartseva. 2nd ed. - M.: Bolshaya Ross. Encyclopedia, 2000. - 685 p.
24. ABBYY Lingvo 12, German-Russian electronic dictionary.
25. Der kleine Wahrig. Wörterbuch der deutschen Sprache Text. Gütersloh: Bertelsmann Lexikon Verlag, 1997. - 575 s.
26. Drosdowski, G. Das große Wörterbuch der deutschen Sprache Text. / G. Drosdowski. Mannheim, 1997. - 788 s.
27. Duden 1999: Das Große Wörterbuch der deutschen Sprache. In zehn Bänden Text. /Hrsg. vom Wissenschaftlichen Rat der Dudenredaktion. -3., völlig neu bearb. und erw. Aufl. Mannheim: Bibliographisches Institut & F.A. Brockhaus AG, 1999. - 998 s.
28. Duden. Das große Fremdwörterbuch. Herkunft und Bedeutung der Fremdwörter Text. 2., neu bearb. und erw. Aufl. Hrsg. von wissenschaftlichen Rat der Dudenredaktion. - Mannheim, Leipzig, Wien: Dudenverlag, 2000. - 1232 s.
29. DUDEN. Deutsches Universalwörterbuch Text. 3., neu bearbeitete und erweiterte Auflage. Auf der Grundlage der neuen amtlichen Rechtschreiberegeln.- Mannheim, Leipzig, Wien, Zürich: Dudenverlag, 1996. - 1816 s.
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33. Kluge, F. Etymologisches Wörterbuch der Deutschen Sprache Text. 23., erweiterte Auflage / F. Kluge.- Berlin, New York: De Gruyter, 1995. - 921 s.
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36. Cars. Founder and publisher of NRT LLC. 2008-2010
37. Driving. Founder of JSC Za Rulem. 2008-2011
38. Car tuning. Founder and publisher of LLC. "Game Land" 2008 -2010
39. ADAC Specia 1. Allgemeiner Deu tscher Automobi 1 C1 ub E .V. (ADAC), Munich.-2009-2010.
40. Auto Bild, Zeitschrift. Verlag: Axel Springer AG. Hamburg. 2008 - 2011.
41. Auto News. New Look electronic Publishing GmbH. Haar. 2008 - 2010.
Please note that the scientific texts presented above are posted for informational purposes only and were obtained through original dissertation text recognition (OCR). Therefore, they may contain errors associated with imperfect recognition algorithms. There are no such errors in the PDF files of dissertations and abstracts that we deliver.
sich entscheiden = to be decided
PS (Pferdestärke) = horsepower
zufrieden = satisfied
der Kleinwagen = small car
niedrig = low
der Motor = engine
der Benzinverbrauch = gasoline consumption
die Kosten = expenses
unattractiv = unattractive
die Qualität = quality
der Werkstattservice = car service
der Japaner = Japanese
der Kofferraum = trunk
die Höchstgeschwindigkeit = speed limit
günstig = cheap, building low price)
wichtig = important
bequem = comfortable
wahrscheinlich = probably, probably
—Horst, ihr wollt ein neues Auto kaufen, sagt deine Frau. Was it fur eins denn? — Horst, your wife says that you want to buy a new car. Which one?
— Dieses Mal möchten wir ein kleineres, können uns aber nicht entscheiden. “This time we want less, but we can’t decide.”
— Du hast doch den neutral Corsa. Wie viele PS hatte er noch? — You have a new Corsa. How much horsepower did it have?
— Bist du mit dem Wagen zufrieden? — Are you happy with the car?
- Eigentlich ja. Er ist der teuerste von den Kleinwagen, aber er hat den stärksten Motor. Übrigens hat er einen ziemlich niedrigen Benzinverbrauch und niedrigere Kosten pro Monat als der VWPolo. - Actually, yes. It is the most expensive of the small cars, but it has the most powerful engine. However, it has quite low fuel consumption and lower monthly costs than the VWPolo.
— Das habe ich auch schon gehört. Der Polo ist für mich wohl einer der unattached von Allen Kleinwagen. Viele sagen, VW bietet bessere Qualität und einen besseren Werkstattservice als die anderen Firmen. Aber das stimmt doch nicht mehr. Die Japaner zum Beispiel bauen keine schlechteren Autos als die Deutschen. Und ihre Werkstätten sind auch nicht die schlechtesten, habe ich gelesen. Letzte Woche habe ich mir mal den neutral Nissan, den Micra, angesehen. “I’ve already heard that too.” The Polo, for me, is perhaps one of the most unattractive of all small cars. Many people say that VW offers better quality and better auto service than other companies. But this is no longer true. The Japanese, for example, build cars no worse than the Germans. And their service shops aren't the worst either, I've read. Last week I saw the newest Nissan, the Micra.
—Er hat einen etwas kleineren Kofferraum und eine etwas niedrigere Höchstgeschwindigkeit als die anderen Kleinwagen, aber dafür den gunstigsten Preis, den niedrigsten Verbrauch und die niedrigsten Kosten pro Monat. Das ist mir am wichtigsten. “It has a slightly smaller trunk and a slightly lower speed limit than other small cars, but at the same time it has a lower price, lower fuel consumption and lower monthly expenses. For me this is the most important thing.
- Und wie findest du den neutral Peugeot? Hast du dir den auch schon angesehen? — How do you find the new Peugeot? Have you already seen him too?
— Ja, der ist sicher der bequemste von allen. Aber du weißt du ja, leider sind die Peugeot-Werkstätten oft teuerer als die anderen und die Peugeot-Qualität ist nicht immer die beste. - Yes, he is, of course, the most comfortable of all. But you know, unfortunately, Peugeot service workshops are often more expensive than others, and Peugeot quality is not always the best.
— Und was macht ihr jetzt? Welchen nehmt ihr? - And what will you do now? Which one will you take?
— Wahrscheinlich den Micra. Aber genau wissen wir es noch nicht. — Probably Micra. But we don’t know for sure yet.
Subject: Die Motoren. (engines). Internal combustion engine. Carburetor engine. DC (AC) electric motor.
Goals: ABOUT educational: to form the potential vocabulary of students, teach techniques for making informed guesses about the meaning of words based on word-forming elements, and teach listening to text. To form the basics of functional literacy on the topic “Die Satzreiche”.
Developmental: development of students’ skills in introductory reading based on pre-text assignments;
Ensure that students are actively involved in deepening their understanding of the meaning of the teaching and mastering lexical units on the topic “Die Motoren”;
Be able to work in a group; be able to incorporate the received information into speech (non-speech activities).
Educational: developing attention to the interlocutor in the communication process;
Fostering activity in solving communicative and cognitive-search tasks;
Forming an interest in reading technical literature.
Type of lesson: training session on the integrated application of knowledge
Viewclasses: practical lesson
Lexicalmaterial: der Verbrennungsmotor, die Verbrennung, das Fahrzeug, -e, der Kraftstoff, -e - der Kolben, die Zündkerze, die Pumre, -en, das Gemisch, -e, der Ottomotor, die Selbstzündung, die Fremdzündung, die Kühlung, der Kraftwagen
Grammar material: Das Satzgefüge (Complex sentences). Infinitivkonstruktionen (infinitive phrases)
Lesson equipment: educational literature, photographs of agricultural machines
Interdisciplinary connections: update knowledge on the topics “Complex sentences” in the discipline “Russian language”, “Internal combustion engine. Carburetor engine" in the discipline "Agricultural machines".
Learning outcomes:
Students must:
know:
Lexical material of the active minimum;
Grammatical material: word order in a complex sentence, rules for using the infinitive with and without zu.
be able to:
- read the text with an understanding of the main content;
- correctly use conjunctions and allied words in the following/subordinate sentence
- keep notes on what you read (heard, discussed) and engage in conversation;
- guess the meaning of unfamiliar words from the context;
- Formulate your speech grammatically correctly in German.
Progress of the lesson
- I. Organizational moment. Greetings. Setting a goal.
Target: prepare for work in the language field, perceive speech by ear.
Guten Tag, miene lieben Studenten. Nimmt bitte eure Platze. Wie ist eure Stimmung?
Was gibt es Neues, Interessantes?
Conversation with the duty officer:
L: Wer hat heute Klassendienst?
S: Ich habe heute Klassendienst.
L: Der wiewielte ist heute?
S: Heute ist der… . … .
L: Wer fehlt heute? Warum?
S: Heute ist….
L: Wie heißt unser Thema?
S: "Die Motoren".
Homework control
- II. Presentation of new vocabulary. Organization of training in application.
- Familiarize yourself with the following words and expressions on the topic (chained reading)
|
die Verbrennung - combustion der Kraftstoff, -e - fuel der Kolben - piston die Pumpre, -en - pump das Gemisch,-e - mixture ansaugen - to suck in die Fremdzündung - foreign ignition sich beschäftigen mit (Dat.) - to engage die Verbesserung - improvement gelingen (a,u) -succeed die Kühlung - cooling der Kraftwagen - car das Flugzeug, e - plane im Gegensatz zu (Dat.) -- in contrast innere - internal die Bildung – education rein - pure |
der Vergaser - carburetor kennen - to know, to be familiar der Motorwagen - car das Rad - wheel in dieser Zeit - at this time zahlreich -- numerous der Versuch, e - experience durchführen - to carry out der Wirkungsgrad - efficiency schaffen (u,a) - create das Verfahren - method, way der Motor, en - engine die Hälfte-half der Unterschied, e - difference die Luft - air eingespritzt - injected |
Work in microgroups, pre-text orientation for students.
To relieve language difficulties, perform the following exercises in which language guesswork and word formation skills are formed
Name the Russian equivalents of the following compound nouns:
(task is performed frontally)
Complete the following sentences with words from the minimum vocabulary for text A. Translate the sentences:
- Die berühmtesten (engine builders) wohnten und arbeiteten in Deutschland. 2. G. Daimler baute sein Fahrzeug mit zwei (with wheels). 3. R. Diesel arbeitete an der (improvement) des Verbrennungsmotors. 4. Er wol1te einen Motor mit höherem (efficiency) schaffen. 5. Die Verbrennungsmotoren werden in Otto-und Dieselmotoren (subdivide - Partizip 2). 6. Dieselmotor hat keinen (carburetor). 7. Dieselmotoren werden auf Schiffen, in Flugzeugen und Eisenbahnlokomotiven (apply - Partizip 2).
Text stage.
Read and translate the text. Name in German the structural elements of an internal combustion engine that are indicated in the text (see appendix)
- Lesen Sie den ersten Absatz des Textes. Sagen Sie, wovon die Rede im Text sein kann.
- Lesen Sie den ganzen Text und sagen Sie, wovon in diesem Text die Rede ist.
- Suchen Sie in jeden Absatz des Textes den Satz, der den Hauptgedanken ausdrückt.
Answer questions to the text(see Attachment)
Sagen Sie, was Neues Sie aus diesem Text erfahren haben.
III. Repetition of grammatical material.
Options for tasks or their comments are selected depending on the characteristics of the group.
1. Option A. Make a diagram of the word order in the subordinate clause, formulate a grammatical rule on this topic for a grammar reference book.
- Option B. Find complex sentences in the text, determine the type of subordinate clauses.
- Independent work (according to options). Knowledge control.
- Reflection.
Zum Schluss besprechen wir die Resultate unserer heutigen Stunde.
- Hat euch die Stunde gut gefallen?
Draw on the board: Sun- this means that everything was clear;
sun and cloud– only part of the topic is clear; the sun, which is covered by a cloud- nothing is clear.
- V. Summing up the lesson.
Analysis of indicators obtained at the reflection stage.
- VI. Homework: grammar reference : repeat grammar; individual tasks: prepare a report on the inventors of engines.
Lexico-grammatical tasks for lesson No.
- Familiarize yourself with the following words and expressions on the topic:
der Verbrennungsmotor - internal combustion engine
die Verbrennung - combustion
das Fahrzeug, -e - vehicle
der Kraftstoff, -e - fuel
der Kolben - piston
die Zündkerze - spark plug
die Pumpre, -en - pump
das Gemisch -e - mixture
der Ottomotor - carburetor engine
ansaugen - to suck in
die Selbstzündung - ignition
die Fremdzündung - extraneous ignition
sich entzünden - to ignite
der Vergaser - carburetor
der Kurbeltrieb - crank mechanism
das Kurbelgehäuse - crankshaft crankcase in the engine, casing
die Erfindung, en – invention
der Motor, en - engine
der Motorenbauer - engine builder
die Hälfte-half
versorgen – to provide, to supply
die Kühlung - cooling
die Kraftanlage - power plant
der Kraftwagen - car
das Schiff, e - vessel, ship
das Flugzeug, e - plane
die Eisenbahn, en - railway
kennen - to know, to be familiar
der Motorwagen - car
das Rad - wheel
die Geschwindigkeit – speed
in dieser Zeit - at this time
zahlreich -- numerous
der Versuch, e - experience
durchführen - to carry out
sich beschäftigen mit (Dat.) - to do something.
die Verbesserung - improvement
gelingen (a,u) -succeed
der Wirkungsgrad - efficiency
schaffen (u,a) - create
das Verfahren - method, way
unterteilen - to divide, subdivide
der Bauteil - construction detail, structural element
grundsätzlich - principled
der Unterschied, e - difference
gleichen (i,i) - to be similar, to resemble
die Luft - air
verdichtet - compressed, compacted
einleiten - to begin, to let, to introduce
im Gegensatz zu (Dat.) -- in contrast to
innere - internal
die Bildung – education
rein - pure
eingespritzt - injected
die Arbeitsweise - operating mode
die Zündanlage - ignition system
der Verkehr - movement, transport
verwenden (einsetzen) - apply, use
- Name the Russian equivalents of the following compound nouns:
der Arbeitszylinder, die Wärmeenergie, die Frischluft, die Gemischbildung, der Brennstoff, der Motorenbau, die Motorenarten, das Automodel1, der Gasmotor, die Einspritzpumpe, der Eisenbahnverkehr, der Viertaktmotor, das Dieselmotorschiff, die Wasserkühlung, die Luftkühlung das Arbeitsverfahren.
- Complete the following sentences with words from the minimum vocabulary for text A. Translate the sentences:
- Die berühmtesten (engine builders) wohnten und arbeiteten in Deutschland. 2. G. Daimler baute sein Fahrzeug mit zwei (with wheels). 3. R. Diesel arbeitete an der (improvement) des Verbrennungsmotors. 4. Er wol1te einen Motor mit höherem (efficiency) schaffen. 5. Die Verbrennungsmotoren werden in Otto- und Dieselmotoren (subdivide - Partizip 2). 6. Dieselmotor hat keinen (carburetor). 7. Dieselmotoren werden auf Schiffen, in Flugzeugen und Eisenbahnlokomotiven (apply - Partizip 2).
- 4 . Read and translate the text. Name in German the structural elements of an internal combustion engine that are indicated in the text.
DER VERBRENNUNGSMOTOR
Die Menschen haben Tausende von Erfindungen gemacht. Viele von ihnen gehören den Deutschen. Die berühmtesten Motorenbauer sind R. Diesel, N. Otto, K. Benz und G. Daimler. In der zweiten Hälfte des 19. Jahrhunderts bauten Gottlieb Daimler und Karl Benz zwei ersten Automodelle. Sie wоhnten in verschiedenen deutschen Städten und kannten einander nicht.
Das Fahrzeug von Daimler hatte zwei Räder. K. Benz baute seinen Motorwagen mit drei Rädern. Diese Fahrzeuge hatten nicht hohe Geschwindigkeit. In dieser Zeit führte Rudolf Diesel zahlreiche Versuche durch. Er beschäftigte sich mit der Verbesserung des Verbrennungsmotors und es gelang ihm, einen Motor mit höherem Wirkungsgrad zu schaffen. Der andere deutsche Erfinder Nikolaus Otto konstruierte seinen Gasmotor.
Nach dem Arbeitsverfahren werden Verbrennungsmotoren in Otto- und Dieselmotoren unterteilt. Diese Motoren haben in der Konstruktion ihrer Bauteile keine grundsätzlichen Unterschiede: fast alle Bauteile gleichen einander. Beim Ottomotor wird in den Zylinder ein Gemisch aus Kraftstoff und Luft angesaugt. Die Verbrennung des verdichteten Kraftstoff-Luft-Gemisches wird durch Fremdzündung eingeleitet.
Im Gegesatz zum Ottomotor arbeitet der Dieselmotor luftverdichtend, mit Selbstzündung und inneren Gemischbildung. Er saugt reine Luft an, verdichtet diese dann so hoch, dass sie sich erwärmt und den eingespritzten Kraftstoff entzündet.
Die beiden Motorenarten unterscheiden sich nur durch die verschiedenen Arbeitsweisen, sondern auch durch Aggregate voneinander. So hat der Dieselmotor keinen Vergaser, da nur reine Luft angesaugt wird. Zündkerzen und Zündanlagen sind dabei nicht erforderlich. Es gibt aber eine Einspritzpumpe, die die Zylinder mit Kraftstoff versorgt. Man unterscheidet bei Otto- und bei Dieselmotoren Zwei- und Viertaktmotoren mit Luftkühlung oder Wasserkühlung.
Dieselmotoren werden in stationären Kraftanlagen, auf Schiffen, in Kraftwagen und Flugzeugen verwendet. In Russland sind diese Motoren zum ersten Мal in Schiffs- und Eisenbahnverkehr eingesetzt worden (Dieselmotorschiffe und -lokomotive).
Explanationsto text:
es gelang ihm - he succeeded
verdichtet diese dann so hosh - compresses it (the air) so tightly
- Answer the questions about the text:
- Wo lebten die berühmtesten Motorenbauer?
- Was bauten G. Daimler und K. Benz?
3.Welche Geschwindigkeit hatten die ersten Fahrzeuge?
- Was fuhrte R. Diesel durch?
- Womit beschäftigte sich R. Diesel?
- Was konstruierte Nikolaus Otto?
- Wie werden die Verbrenunngsmotoren nach dem Arbeitsverfahren unterteilt?
- Auf welche Weise arbeitet der Ottomotor?
- Auf we1che Weise arbeitet der Dieselmotor?
- Wodurch unterscheiden sich die beiden Motorenarten voneinander?
- Wo werden Dieselmotoren verwendet?
*6. Read the additional information to the text and answer the following questions in German:
- Für welches Problem interessierte sich R. Diesel?
- Was für einen Motor wollte er schaffen?
- Ist sein Motor betriebssicher?
Rudolf Diesel wurde 1858 in einer deutschen Familie in Frankreich geboren. Im Jahre 1876 begann er аn der Polytechnischen Hochschule in München zu studieren. Er studierte Maschinenbau und wollte Ingenieur werden. In den Vorlesungen, die Diesel be suchte, wurde hingewiesen, dass die Dampfmaschine unwirtschaftlich ist. Diesel interessierte sich für dieses Problem. Er wollte eine bessere Kraftmaschine bauen. Er führte zahlreiche Versuche durch.
Diese Versuche brachten ihm keinen Erfolg. Danach beschäftigte sich Diesel mit der Verbesserung des Verbrennungsmotor. Es gelang ihm, einen Motor zu schaffen, der nаch seinem Erfinder benannt wurde. Dieselmotor arbeitet mit bi1ligen Brennstoffer und ist betriebssicher.
Explanations for the text:
hinweisen (ie, ie) - point out, pay attention to; der Erfolg, e – success;
der Brennstoff – fuel; betriebssicher - reliable in operation
From this material you will learn about the car in German - its details - both external and internal; useful phrases - which you will definitely need when buying a car, as well as a vocabulary - in case something happens to your four-wheeled friend...
Vehicles: car
Car types –Wagentypen
1.Convertible – das Kabriolet
2. Station wagon – der Kombi
3.Sedan – die Stufenhecklimousine
4. Sports car – der Sportwagen
5. Van (minibus) – der Van
box car
1.Trunk – der Kofferraum
2. Rear window – das Heckfenster
3. Headrest – die Kopfstȕtze
4. Seat – der Sitz
5.Side window – das Seitenfenster
6. Windshield – die Windschutzscheibe
7. Steering wheel – das Lenkrad
8.Radiator – der Kȕhler
9. Wheel cover – die Radkappe
10.Tire – der Reifen
11. Cardan shaft – die Kardanwelle
12. Shock absorber – der Stoβdämpfer
13.Exhaust pipe – der Auspuff
14. Catalytic exhaust afterburner (neutralizer) – der Katalysator
Truck-Lastkraftwagen
1. Cabin – das Fahrerhaus
2. Rear view mirror – der Auβenspiegel
3.Body – die Ladepritsche
4. Reversing light – das Rȕcklicht
5. Mudguard – der Schmutzfänger
6. Wing – der Kotflȕgel
BusesAndvans– Nutz-und Freizeitfahrzeuge
1.Caravan – das Wohnmobil
2.Truck – der LKW
3.Bus – der Bus
4. Campervan – der Kastenwagen
Vehicles: car device
Crankshaft -Kurbelwelle 
1.Front toe – der Wellenzapfen
2. Neck – der Kurbelwellenzapfen
3. Counterweight – das Gegengewicht
4.Rear toe – die Welle
Systemignition-Zȕ ndung
1. Spark plug - die Zȕndkerze
2. Ignition distributor – der Zȕndverteiler
3. Spark gap – die Funkenstrecke
4. Distribution valve – die Verteilerklappe
5. Interrupter –der Unterbrecher
6. Drive shaft - die Antriebswelle
Electronic control system for a passenger car
1. Fuel tank - der Kraftstofftank
2. Brake pedal – das Bremspedal
3.Accelerator pedal – das Gaspedal
4. Battery – die Batterie
5. Radiator – der Kȕhler
6.Exhaust pipes – die Auspuffrohre
7. Electrical wiring – die elektrische Verkabelung
8. Electronic control unit – elektronische Steuereinheit
9. Catalytic exhaust afterburner (neutralizer) - der Katalysator
10. Silencer - der Schalldämpfer
Four-stroke internal combustion engine
1. Exhaust gases – die Auspuffgase
2.Return spring – die Rȕckholfeder
3.Spark plug – die Zȕndkerze
4.Camshaft – die Nockenwelle
5. Cylinder – der Zylinder
6.Piston ring – der Kolbenring
7.Piston - der Kolben
8.Oil sump – die Ölwanne
9.Connecting rod – der Pleuel
10. Crankshaft – die Kurbelwelle
11.Drive gear – das Ritzel
Transmission -Getriebe
1. Camshaft – die Schalstange
2.Reverse gear – der Rȕckwärtsgsng
3. Gear shift lever – der Schalthebel
4. Gear selector fork – die Schaltgabel
5.Drain plug – die Ölablassschraube
6. Clutch release lever – die Kupplungsausrȕckstange
Carburetor –Vergaser
1.Fuel pickup pump – die Beschleunigerpumpe
2.Fuel supply – die Kraftstoffzufuhr
3.Valve on the fuel jet of the idle system - das Leerlaufabschaltventil
4.Fuel injection – der Kraftstoffstrahl
5. Vacuum diaphragm – die Vakuummembran
6. Air damper (diffuser) - die Starterklappe
Shock absorber- Staβdampfer
1. Reservoir with liquid – das Flȕssigkeitreservoir
2.Hydraulic cylinder – der Hydraulikzylinder
3.Valve – das Ventil
4.Piston – de Kolben
die Windschutzscheibe - windshield
der Scheibenwischer - “windshield wiper”, windshield wiper
die Motorhaube - engine/engine hood
der Scheinwerfer - headlight
das Blinklicht - blinker, direction indicator with flashing light
der Blinker - warning light/turn signal with flashing light
die Stoßstange - bumper
der Reifen - tire/tire
die Tür - car door
das Lenkrad - car steering wheel
das Autodach - car roof
der Autositz - car seat
das Rad - wheel
die Heckscheibe - rear window
der Kofferraum - luggage compartment/trunk
das Bremslicht - brake light, brake light
der Benzintank - gas tank
das Gaspedal - gas pedal
der Tachometer (abbreviated: Tacho) - speedometer, speed indicator
die Kupplung - clutch
die Hupe - beep/beep
der Tempomat - Cruise control, Tempomat system
die Bremse - brake, brake mechanism
die Handbremse - handbrake
| car, car |
|
| die Antenne (-n) | antenna |
| das Armaturenbrett (-er) | dashboard |
| die Armlehne (-n) | armrest |
| radiator |
|
| der Kühlergrill(-e) | radiator grille |
| die Batterie (-n) | battery |
| brake |
|
| die Handbremse (-n) | hand brake |
| der Ersatzreifen (-) | spare wheel |
| die Gangschaltung (-en) | Transmission |
| das Gaspedal (-e) | gas (accelerator) |
| das Handschuhfach (-fächer) | glove compartment |
| die Motorhaube (-n) | hood |
| car horn |
|
| der Kofferraum (-räume) | trunk |
| die Kopfstütze (-n) | headrest |
| die Kupplung (-en) | clutch |
| das Lenkrad (-räder) | steering wheel |
| der Luftfilter (-) | air filter |
| die Lüftung (-en) | vent |
| die Fußmatte (-n) | rug |
| engine |
|
| die Radkappe (-n) | disc cover |
| tire |
|
| das Rücklicht (-er) | back light |
| der Rücksitz(-e) | back seat |
| der Rückspiegel (-) | rearview mirror |
| der Beifahrersitz(-e) | front passenger seat |
| der Scheibenwischer (-) | windshield wiper |
| der Scheinwerfer (-) | headlight |
| turn signal |
|
| das Fernlicht (-er) | high beam |
| das Schiebedach (-dächer) | sunroof |
| der Seitenspiegel (-) | Side mirror |
| der Sicherheitsgurt(-e) | safety belt |
| den Sicherheitsgurt anlegen | fasten your seat belt |
| die Stoßstange (-n) | bumper |
| der Tachometer (-) | speedometer |
| gas tank |
|
| der Wagenheber (-) | jack |
| die Windschutzscheibe (-n) | Windshield |
| die Zündung (-en) | ignition |
| die Warnblinkanlage (-n) | alarm |
| das Nummernschild (-er) | license plate |
| TÜV-Plakette (-n) | inspection certificate |
| airbag |
|
| das Bremslicht (-er) | stop signal |
Car in German: faults
Ist Ihr Auto kaputt?- Is your car broken down?
Haben Sie eine Panne?- Do you have a car breakdown?
Mein Auto springt nicht an.- My car won't start.
Mit dem Motor stimmt etwas nicht.- There is something wrong with the engine.
Die Benzinuhr zeigt nicht mehr an.- The fuel sensor is faulty.
Der Blinker funktioniert nur rechts.- Only the right turn signal works.
Die Bremsen sind zu kontrollieren.- The brakes need to be checked.
Die Handbremse funktioniert nicht.- The handbrake does not work.
Die Hupe geht nicht mehr.- The sound signal does not work.
Die Kupplung funktioniert nicht gut.- The clutch doesn't work well.
Die Fahrertür klemmt. - The door on the driver's side is jammed.
Das Radio rauscht.- There is noise when the radio is operating.
Die Schaltung klemmt. - When changing gears it sticks.
Der Motor fällt aus.- The engine stalls.
Das Gaspedal ist kaputt.- The pedal is broken.
Das Zündschloss ist kaputt.- The ignition switch does not work.
Die Gangschaltung ist nicht in Ordnung.- The speed switch is not fixed.
Würden Sie die Zündung überprüfen? - Could you check the ignition?
Das Fahrlicht vorne links funktioniert nicht. - The left headlight does not work.
Der Reifen ist platt.- The tire is flat.
Der Wagen hat zu wenig Luft in den Reifen.- The wheels are poorly inflated.
Ich habe eine Reifenpanne. - My tire burst/deflated.
Ich brauche eine neue Sicherung. - I need a new fuse.
Wie viel wird die Reparatur kosten?- How much will the repair cost?
Bitte den Reifendruck prüfen. - Please check the tire pressure.
Bitte den Ölstand prüfen.- Please check the oil level.
