When there will be a solar eclipse. Why is there a solar eclipse? Every time there are solar eclipses
The period from 2018 to 2033 is chosen because it is quite interesting in relation to solar eclipses visible from the territory of Russia and the CIS countries. During these years, 14 solar eclipses will be observed from the territory of our country, which include two total eclipses, two annular eclipses and 10 partial eclipses. Especially interesting will be the annular solar eclipse on June 1, 2030, the strip of the annular phase of which will pass through the whole country from west to east from Crimea to Primorye!
It is worth noting that, for example, in the period from 2034 to 2060 (twice as long), only two total and three annular solar eclipses will be observed in our country! The difference is obvious, so we can say that Russians and residents of the CIS are lucky with solar eclipses in the next fifteen years.
How do solar eclipses come about? Solar eclipses are caused by our celestial neighbor Moon. The apparent diameters of the Sun and the Moon, observed from the Earth, are approximately the same. This means that the Moon, moving in its orbit, at some point can completely (total eclipse) or partially (partial eclipse) cover the Sun with itself (during the new moon phase).
A total solar eclipse is the most spectacular and spectacular astronomical phenomenon! If night falls in the middle of the day and stars are visible in the sky, this is quite impressive! Unfortunately, the visibility of such a phenomenon extends only to a small area where the lunar shadow falls. But during the movement of the lunar shadow, it forms a narrow strip on the surface of the Earth (with an average width of about 200 kilometers). The length of such a strip is several thousand kilometers, but this is still not enough for a total eclipse of the Sun to be seen by all inhabitants of the Earth's hemisphere facing the daylight. Total solar eclipses can occur every six months, but due to the peculiarities of the Moon's movement in its orbit, they occur most often only once a year.
More information about the possibility of solar eclipses can be found, for example, from the book "Total solar eclipse on March 29, 2006 and its observation" (link at the end of the article).
Total solar eclipses from the same settlement can be observed on average only once every 300 years. This makes it necessary to travel into the visibility band of the eclipse. A total solar eclipse is accompanied by a partial solar eclipse, which is visible on both sides of the total eclipse strip, where the lunar penumbra falls. The further from the central line of the eclipse, the less the disk of the Sun will be covered by the Moon. But the width of the strip of a partial eclipse of the Sun is much larger than that of the strip of a total eclipse, therefore, it is possible to observe partial eclipses from the same observation point much more often. Due to the large territory of our country, we can observe solar eclipses more often than residents of countries with a small territory.
There are only partial eclipses, when the moon's shadow passes above or below the polar regions of the Earth, and only the lunar penumbra falls on our planet, showing the appearance of a flawed Sun. An annular eclipse differs in that the Moon completely sets on the Sun's disk, but cannot completely close it due to its smaller apparent diameter (when the Moon is near the apogee, i.e. the point of its orbit farthest from the Earth). As a result, a solar ring around the moon's dark disk is visible from Earth.
It should be noted that a total eclipse in the European part of Russia can be observed only in 2061. If you look at the map of total and annular eclipse bands over 20 years, you can see how rare total solar eclipses are even for such a large country like ours.
The next total solar eclipses in 2019 and 2020 can be observed in Chile and Argentina. Therefore, those who want to see this wonderful phenomenon, as soon as possible, need to prepare for a transatlantic flight!
But let's return to the eclipses of the period described here 2018 - 2033, and consider them in more detail.
For convenience, which can be downloaded and printed.
Solar eclipses in Russia and the CIS in 2018 - 2033
(universal time)
The 2018 solar eclipse will be private. It will occur at the new moon on August 11, and the eclipse band will cover the northeastern part of our country with a maximum phase of 0.736 in Chukotka. Private phases will also be seen by residents of North America, Scandinavia and China. The duration of the eclipse will be a little less than 3.5 hours. The eclipse will occur in the constellation Leo.
Another solar eclipse in 2019 will be annular. It will occur at the new moon on December 26, and a strip of the annular phase will pass through the waters of the Indian and Pacific Oceans, crossing Arabia, southern India and Indonesia from west to east. The maximum duration of the annular phase will reach 3 minutes 40 seconds at a phase of 0.97. Private phases will be seen by residents of the southern regions of our country, countries of Africa, Asia and Australia. The eclipse will occur in the constellation Sagittarius.
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The 2020 solar eclipse will be annular. It will occur at the new moon on June 21, and a strip of the annular phase will pass through Africa, the Arabian Peninsula and the Asian continent. The duration of the annular phase at the maximum of the phenomenon will reach only 38 seconds at a phase of 0.994. In this case, the thinnest ring of this eclipse will be observed. On the territory of Russia and the CIS, the eclipse strip will cover the entire southern half of the country. The maximum phase of about 0.7 can be observed in the Central Asian countries of the CIS. The eclipse will occur in the constellation Taurus.
The solar eclipse of 2022 will be private. It will occur at the new moon on October 25, and the eclipse strip will cover the western half of Russia. The maximum eclipse phase 0.861 will be available for observations from the territory of our country in Siberia. The eclipse will occur in the constellation Virgo.
The solar eclipse in 2026 will be total. It will occur at the new moon on August 12, and a total eclipse strip will pass through the Atlantic and Arctic oceans, Western Europe and Russia. A total eclipse will be observed on Taimyr (total phase duration is 2 minutes), and a partial eclipse will cover the Far North of the country. The eclipse will occur in the constellation Leo.
The solar eclipse of 2029 will be private. It will occur at the new moon on June 12, and the eclipse strip will pass through the water area of the Arctic Ocean, as well as across North America and the Far North of our country. The maximum eclipse phase of 0.458 will be available for observations from North America. In Russia, the smallest phases of the eclipse (about 0.2 and less) will be visible. The eclipse will occur in the constellation Taurus.
The solar eclipse of 2031 will be annular. It will occur at the new moon on May 21, and an annular eclipse strip with a maximum phase of 0.959 will pass through the Indian Ocean, as well as across Africa, India and Indonesia. On the territory of our country, the eclipse will be observed in its southern part with small phases (Central Asian countries of the CIS). The eclipse will occur in the constellation Taurus.
All the inhabitants of our planet dream of seeing such an incredible sight as a solar eclipse. This event is very rare and each of its occurrences arouses genuine interest of the masses. In the article, we will consider what this phenomenon is, analyze the advice of astrologers and decide on the dates of solar eclipses.
and why is it happening
An eclipse of the sun is one of the most anticipated astronomical events. It is observed when the Moon, passing between the Sun and the globe, closes a star from the inhabitants of our world. The shadow cast by the Moon on the Earth is small relative to our planet, therefore it cannot envelop its entire area at once.
By the amount of the closed surface of the Sun, there are:
- Time of total solar eclipse. When the observer is in the lunar shadow strip, the eclipse of the sun will cover the entire solar disk, and only the so-called solar corona will be visible in the darkened sky.
- Partial eclipse is so called because only a fraction of the solar circle will be closed to viewers in the penumbra region. Accordingly, this event will be visible only from that part of our planet that falls under the lunar shadow or is adjacent to this darkened area (this approximate zone is called penumbra).
- Annular solar eclipse. In 2017, this option was observed by residents of the South Pole. It is observed when the Moon at the time of the eclipse is located at a great distance from our planet and the shadow from it does not reach the Earth. In this situation, it will be seen how the Moon moves in the center of the solar circle, but its diameter is less than the size of the solar disk, and, accordingly, the Sun will not disappear completely, but will look like a bright ring with a dark spot in the middle. The sky darkens slightly, you won't be able to see it.
In a situation where an eclipse is seen from different points of the Earth (in the lunar shadow strip) as total and annular, it will be classified as a total annular or hybrid.
Solar eclipses of the 20th century were of particular interest to science. Thanks to this phenomenon, scientists were able to explore the vicinity of the Sun, which is impossible under normal conditions. And since 1996, the SOHO satellite has been helping with this. Until the beginning of the 20th century, during the period of eclipses, the chromosphere was investigated and several comets were noticed.
Dates of solar eclipses of 2018
In 2018, this astronomical phenomenon will be observed three times.
On 02/15/2018 at 16.30 Moscow time, a partial solar eclipse will occur, which will be noticed in South America and Antarctica. Russians will not be able to admire the phenomenon.
07/13/2018 at 06.02 Moscow time, another partial eclipse will take place, it will be able to contemplate in Tasmania, southern Australia and the east of Antarctica.
08/11/2018 at 12.47 Moscow time, a partial solar eclipse will take place at 12.47 Moscow time. This time, Russians (the central part, Siberia, the Far East), as well as residents of Kazakhstan, Mongolia, northeastern China, the Scandinavian countries, Greenland and the northern part of Canada will have an opportunity to see the unusual phenomenon with their own eyes.
Features of the eclipses of the upcoming 2018
According to astrologers, each new eclipse affects a person in a special way, which is due to the unique position of the planets and stars relative to each other, the Sun and the Moon at the time of the appearance. After calculating the influence of the interactions of celestial bodies, astrologers made recommendations regarding human actions at the time of solar eclipses in 2018:
- In the next solar eclipse on February 15, 2018, a person may involuntarily manifest or intensify the desire for not the most kind and noble deeds. Therefore, on this day, you should most carefully control your emotions, words and actions, try not to be drawn into a conflict.
- Eclipse on July 13, 2018. Any undertakings on this day are doomed to failure.
- Eclipse on August 11, 2018. You should be careful when making important decisions on the day of the eclipse, and it is better to postpone it altogether. Absent-mindedness will seize a person, attention to detail will weaken, as a result of which on this day you can lose sight of important nuances and, having made any decision, subsequently regret it.
2019 solar eclipses
In 2019, as in 2018, earthlings will be able to admire a solar eclipse on the following dates:
Training
Both doctors and specialists in such areas as astrology and esoterics urge not to treat the phenomenon of a solar eclipse as something catastrophic and destructive for humans. Before the future, you should not radically change your lifestyle, lock yourself at home in anxious anticipation. But nevertheless, before the date of the solar eclipse, measures aimed at improving general well-being will not be superfluous: walking in the fresh air, moderation in nutrition. You should also postpone not very urgent matters and worries in order to avoid additional emotional and physical stress in the run-up to the eclipse. Such a "unloading" regime will allow you to relieve the anxiety and nervousness inherent in a person during this unusual period.
Among astrologers and esotericists, it is believed that a solar eclipse is a moment of purification, at this time the most successful enterprises will be to get rid of everything that burdens a person or harms his health.
During future events, as well as during solar eclipses in 2017, it should be borne in mind:
What not to do during eclipses
According to esotericists, the period of the next solar eclipses is extremely unfavorable for any undertakings.
These days have the following features:
- It is believed that on the day of the eclipse, the likelihood of committing rash acts is high.
- It is undesirable to appoint large financial transactions, marriage registration, signing of important documents for this day.
- Care should be taken to carry out planned medical procedures on this date, if possible, it is better to postpone the procedure for another day.
- It is not recommended to use psychotropic substances.
- It is also advised not to take information "to heart", you need to try to abstract and assess the situation objectively.
In order to prepare for a natural phenomenon in time, it is necessary to plan the necessary things in advance and compare it with the list of solar eclipses. .
The effect of eclipses on humans
Medical scientists are of the opinion that the astrological phenomenon does not have a significant effect on the physical health of a person, regardless of where the solar eclipse was seen. Since this phenomenon is rather short in duration, it simply does not have time to seriously interfere with the biochemical processes of the body.
However, this amazing natural phenomenon traditionally caused anxiety and anxiety among the population of the Earth, since this event is relatively rare, and is subconsciously perceived by humans as alien. People experience similar uncomfortable feelings when they find themselves in an unfamiliar hostile environment. A particularly pronounced feeling of anxiety occurs in people with high meteosensitivity, with manifestations of vegetative dystonia, in anxious and suspicious individuals, in people with depressive disorders.
It is noticed that during the eclipse the frequency of suicidal manifestations slightly increases. Therefore, for people with the above personality traits, doctors recommend that when the date of the eclipse approaches, start taking sedatives in advance. And on the day of the appearance, if possible, protect yourself from additional experiences and stress.
On Saturday night, a unique phenomenon can be seen in the sky - the longest lunar eclipse in a century.
The eclipse will be clearly visible throughout Russia from 21:24 to 1:20 Moscow time. The full phase will last 1 hour 43 minutes. And Mars on the same night will approach the Earth at the minimum possible distance and become brighter than Jupiter, writes TJournal.
In Moscow, the full moon will rise above the southeastern horizon after 21:00, already partially obscured by the shadow of the Earth. And in about an hour, Mars will appear there.
The maximum phase of the eclipse will occur at 23:30, the Moon will be 14 degrees above the horizon, and Mars will be visible six to seven degrees below the Moon at the southern horizon.
As the engineer of the educational observatory of UrFU Vladilen Sanakoev told E1.ru, the Moon will plunge so deeply into the shadow of the Earth that its brightness will be several times less than that of Mars. Both celestial bodies will have a reddish tint.
In connection with the upcoming lunar eclipse, astrologers are already painting apocalyptic pictures. "On July 27 at 11:21 pm there will be a" bloody "lunar eclipse, when the Moon is near Mars. I am afraid that hostilities will break out. After all, Mars is the god of war, and here is the longest eclipse near it. Under such conditions, everything can be very dramatic, "says the astrologer and fortuneteller Vlad Ross.
Great opposition of Mars
Opposition, or opposition, of a planet is its location relative to the Earth, when it is on one side, and the Sun is on the opposite. Simply put, the Earth is between the Sun and the planet. Opposition is the best time to observe: the planet is visible for most of the night, its brilliance is maximum and it is easy to find it in the sky, it is facing us from the daytime side and, most importantly, the distance to it is minimal, so that more details are visible through the telescope.
Oppositions of Mars occur once every 780 days, that is, a little less often than once every two years, reports TASS. However, due to the elongation of the orbit of Mars, the distance from it to the Sun changes from 207 million km to 249 million km. With opposition in aphelion (orbital point farthest from the Sun), there will be about 100 million km between the Earth and Mars. But at perihelion (the point of the orbit closest to the Sun), the planet is separated by less than 58 million km, and Mars looks almost twice as large. Such confrontations are called great and happen only once every 15-17 years, and the past was in 2003. Mars will get closest to Earth on July 31, but the planet will be seen no worse on the 27th.
Eclipse nearly 2 hours long
Lunar eclipses occur whenever the Moon, in its orbit, falls into the shadow cast by the Earth. The catalog of eclipses of the XXI century has 229 entries, but only 85 eclipses are complete. During them, the moon completely plunges into shadow and turns red. Total eclipses usually go in series: every four years, 3-4 eclipses with a six-month interval. On July 27, the average of three eclipses of the current series will occur: the first was on January 31, the last will take place on January 21, 2019.
However, total eclipses are not the same: the Moon can pass along the edge of the earth's shadow or through the center. In the latter case, the eclipse is called central, its duration is longer, and the Moon in the maximum phase darkens more strongly. Of the 85 total eclipses of the 21st century, only 24 are central. The past was in 2011, and the next in Europe will be seen only in 2040. The current eclipse is not only central, but will also happen at the apogee of the lunar orbit, where the speed of movement of our satellite is minimal. That is why the full phase will last 103.5 minutes, a record in the 21st century.
Lunar eclipses always happen on a full moon, when we look at the moon from the same direction the sun is shining from. In this phase, the brightness of the Moon is at its maximum, it shines 10 thousand times brighter than Mars.
On March 20 this year, there will be a total solar eclipse that will block up to 90 percent of the sun. The eclipse will be the largest event in 16 years. On this day, the Moon passes directly in front of the Sun, casting a shadow on the Earth. A solar eclipse could cause temporary blackouts across Europe. The eclipse will occur on the afternoon of March 20 on Friday and will begin at 7:41 UTC (UTC) and end at 11:50 UTC.
The beginning of the solar eclipse: 12:13 Moscow time
Maximum phase of a solar eclipse: 13:20 Moscow time
End of the solar eclipse: 14:27 Moscow time
Maximum solar disk darkening: 58 percent
In the east of Greenland, Iceland, the Svalbard archipelago and the Faroe Islands, a total eclipse will be observed. A partial solar eclipse will be observed in Russia, Europe, northern and eastern Africa and northern and eastern Asia.
The last total solar eclipse of this magnitude occurred on August 11, 1999, and the next will take place in 2026. In addition, an eclipse can disrupt solar power supplies and result in a power outage.
Remember not to look directly at the Sun's disk during time, as this can lead to irreversible damage to the eyes. For observation, you need to use special solar filters.
The eclipse falls on the day of the equinox and the new moon, and the Moon reaches the lunar perigee, the closest point to Earth in its orbit. The vernal equinox occurs on March 20, 2015 at 22:45 UTC (March 21, 1:45 Moscow time). It represents the moment when the Sun crosses the celestial equator. On the day of the equinox, the duration of the night and day is the same and is 12 hours.
The March new moon will be a supermoon that, while not visible, will have more than the usual impact on Earth's oceans. An eclipse occurs when a celestial body such as the Moon or a planet passes into the shadow of another body. On Earth, two types of eclipses can be observed: solar and lunar.
During a solar eclipse, the Moon's orbit passes between the Sun and the Earth. When this happens, the Moon blocks the light from the Sun and casts a shadow on the Earth.
There are several types of solar eclipses:
Complete - it is visible in certain areas of the Earth, which are in the center of the lunar shadow falling on the Earth. The sun, moon and earth are in a straight line.
Partial - This eclipse occurs when the Sun, Moon and Earth are not exactly on the same line, and the observers are in penumbra.
Annular - occurs when the Moon is at the farthest point from the Earth. As a result, it does not completely block the solar disk, but looks like a dark disk with a bright ring around it.
A solar eclipse occurs when the Sun, Moon and Earth stand in a straight line, astronomers call this phenomenon syzygy. During an eclipse, the Moon passes between the Sun and the Earth, casting a shadow on the Earth, and from the point of view of an earthly observer, the Moon obscures (eclipses) the Sun, partially or completely. Such a celestial phenomenon can only happen during the new moon.
However, solar eclipses do not occur on every new moon because the Moon's orbit is tilted at an angle of 5 degrees to the plane of the Earth's orbit around the Sun (the ecliptic). The points where the two orbits intersect are called lunar nodes, and eclipses of the Sun occur when a new moon occurs near the lunar node. The sun must be close to the node, then it can form a perfect or near-perfect straight line with the Moon and the Earth. This period happens twice a year and lasts an average of 34.5 days - the so-called "corridor of eclipses".
How many solar eclipses per year?
In one calendar year, there can be from two to five solar eclipses, but most often two (once every six months). Five eclipses in one year is a rare occurrence, the last time it happened in 1935, and the next time will be in 2206.
Types of solar eclipses
According to the astronomical classification, they can be of various types: complete, annular and partial. In the photo below, you can see their differences. There is also a rare hybrid form, where the eclipse starts as annular and ends as total.
Myths and legends about solar eclipses
Throughout the history of mankind, myths, legends and superstitions have been associated with them. In ancient times, they caused fear, they were considered as unkind omens that entail disaster and destruction. Therefore, many peoples had a custom to conduct magical rituals in order to ward off possible troubles.
Ancient people tried to understand why the heavenly body sometimes disappears from the sky, so they came up with various explanations for this phenomenon. This is how myths and legends arose:
In ancient India, it was believed that the monstrous dragon Rahu periodically devours the Sun. According to Indian mythology, Rahu kidnapped and tried to drink the drink of the gods - ambrosia, for which he was beheaded. His head flew into the sky and swallowed the sun disk, so that darkness fell.
In Vietnam, people believed that the sun was devoured by a giant frog, while the Vikings believed that it was eaten by wolves.
In Korean folklore, there is a legend about mythical dogs who wanted to steal the Sun.
In ancient Chinese myth, the heavenly dragon ate the sun for lunch.
To get rid of the gluttonous demon, many ancient peoples during a solar eclipse had a custom to gather, beat pots and pans, making a loud noise. It was believed that the noise will scare away the demon, and he will return the heavenly body to its place.
The ancient Greeks viewed the eclipse as a manifestation of the wrath of the gods and were convinced that natural disasters and wars should follow.
In ancient China, these celestial phenomena were associated with the success and health of the emperor and did not foretell that he would be exposed to any danger.
In Babylon, they believed that eclipses of the Sun were a bad sign for a ruler. But the Babylonians skillfully knew how to predict them, and in order to protect the reigning person, a deputy was chosen for a certain period. He occupied the royal throne and received honors, but his reign did not last long. This was done only so that the temporary king would take upon himself the wrath of the gods, and not the real ruler of the country.
Modern beliefs
The fear of solar eclipses has survived to this day, and even in our time, many consider them a bad sign. In some countries, there is a belief that they are dangerous to children and pregnant women, so they need to stay indoors during an eclipse and not look at the sky.
In many parts of India, people fast on the day of the eclipse because of the belief that any food cooked will be unclean.
But popular beliefs do not always attribute bad fame to them. For example, in Italy it is believed that flowers planted during a solar eclipse will be brighter and more beautiful than flowers planted on any other day.
