There is a contrast with the conjunction a. Spelling no and no. How to spell NI in Russian
76. Spelling particles NOT with different parts of speech, NOT and NI.
1. Written separately:
- particles would(b), same(g), whether(l) (would have read, would have gone, the same),
- particles here, after all, they say, as if, etc. (He's not from here. You know that!);
2. Written with a hyphen:
- particles of something, something, either, -ka, -de, -s, -tka, -tko, -yes (yes, someone, give it to him, enough),
Spelling particles NOT with different parts of speech
| Part of speech |
apart |
|
| 1. if without is not used (ignorant, adversity), |
1. if there is or is implied opposition; not a friend, but an enemy), |
|
| 1. if the base is not used (careless, nondescript). |
1. if there is or is implied opposition with the conjunction a (not big, small), |
|
| with indefinite and negative pronouns without prepositions (several, no one, something) |
always written separately (not three, not seventh) |
|
| pronoun | with other categories of pronouns (not in my class, not on our floor) | |
| if without it is not used (to hate, to be perplexed) |
with all other verbs (not to know, to cry |
|
| if without not not used (hating, perplexed) |
with all other participles (not knowing, for crying) |
|
| participle |
| having given communion |
if full participles do not have dependent words with them (unattended student) |
1 . if full participles have dependent words (a student who did not arrive on time), |
| 1 . if without is not used (ridiculously, carelessly), |
1. adverbs ending in -o, -e, if there is or implies opposition (not funny, but sad), |
Tasks and tests on the topic "Spelling particles NOT with different parts of speech, NOT and NI."
- Particle as a functional part of speech - Particle 7th grade
- Particles - Morphology. Functional parts of speech grade 10
Lessons: 1 Assignments: 9 Tests: 1
"Not" with different parts of speech.
Together or separately?
In order for students to understand and successfully master a new spelling topic, the teacher must first of all show the internal logic of the laws of Russian spelling, make these laws understandable, familiar and simple. The means may vary. This is especially true for the moments of practicing and consolidating new knowledge. Tables (ready-made or thought out by the teacher, “tortured” by him - and therefore the best), algorithms, entertaining and educational tasks, and games are also suitable here.
Visualization and “entertainment” should not be neglected in high school, so that Russian language lessons do not turn into a dreary repetition of what was supposedly studied in the 6th and 7th grades, but is completely forgotten by the majority, and is perceived by many simply as a new revelation .
I. Didactic material from various manuals helps the teacher when studying and repeating the topic « Not with different parts of speech." The main writing principle that schoolchildren must learn here is:
Particle Not , written separately, expresses the negation of a sign or action.
Console Not-, written together, it only says that the object has the opposite quality, sign or effect.
Based on this principle, you can combine numerous rules into simple schemes:
Particle Not written separately: – with verbs(was not),with gerunds(leisurely),with numerals(not once), and with short adjectives with a hint of obligation (he is not needed - not required, not obliged - does not want); – with all words, if they have or are implied contrast with union A (Not deep, A small river), as well as with intensification denial words far from, not to anyone, not at all, not at all, not at all(not at all happy faces); – with adjectives in comparative degree(not thinner); – in words with prepositions(Not with whom, Not in spirit Not for whom, Not in force). |
Not written together: - in words that are without Not not used (Not vezha, Not conquerable); – in words that give a qualitative description of the subject and which can be replaced with a synonym (Not friend - enemy, very Not healthy look - very sick look, Not healthy – sick); – in verbal adjectives -washed (Not dependent); – V indefinite pronouns (Not Who, Not What, Not which); – V verbs with prefix under-, giving the verb the meaning of incompleteness, lack of action (under do , under evaluate). |
The same writing principle applies to participles:
Full participles with a particle Not are written apart, if there – dependent word: Not repaid nobody lights; – contrast with union but not repaid, A lit lights. Not with participles -my written separately, if available dependent word in creative case: Not visible(adv.) eye, But invisible(adj.) tears to the world. |
If there is no dependent word or contrast with a conjunction A, then the particle Not is written together: Not the extinguished lights glowed dimly in the fog. WITH short participles particle Not is written always separately: lights Not repaid. |
II. You can present these rules in the form of a simple table (7th grade level).
Not with different parts of speech |
||
Part of speech |
Together |
Apart |
| Noun, adjective, adverb -o, -e | 1. Not to be used without Not-: sissy, ridiculous, ridiculous 2. Can be replaced with a synonym without Not-: Not modestly (boastfully) Not stupid (smart) 3. In negative adverbs: Not Where , Not Where |
1. There is a contrast: Not Truth , A lie 2. Denial is reinforced by words far, not at all, not at all, never: far Not silly 3. With adverbs not on -o, -e: Not comradely |
| Pronoun | After Not And neither no preposition: neither whom , Not whom |
After Not And neither there is a preposition: Not who , nor who |
| Verb, gerund |
Not harass (not used without -Not ) Not harassing(not used without -Not ) |
Not noticed (verb) Not noticing(gerund) |
| Participle | There is no dependent word or opposition: Not finished work |
1. There is a dependent word: Not finished during Job 2. There is a contrast: Not finished, A work started 3. With short participles: Job Not finished |
III. Words that are without Not are not used.
| Nouns | Adjectives | Verbs |
stranger fury ignoramus, ignoramus absurdity, absurdity hatred bad weather fidget dislike stainless steel (steel) slob, sloppiness lob Nesmeyana (princess) foolish nonsense clumsiness penalty a lack of uncleanness tawny owl (grass) |
frantic unsightly unsociable hated stormy restless impenetrable (darkness) unsightly (action) hostile unlucky sloppy countless (quantity) awkward clumsy merciless (swearing) |
be indignant be perplexed lack (something) overlook (behind the child) miss (Sveta) dislike hate go on a rampage I'm not feeling well he's itching you're in trouble |
IV. Simplified version of the rules:
V. We work with algorithms.
VI. Developmental tasks.
1. Reaction speed task(good to do after a long time of writing). The teacher reads the phrases, calling out their serial number, and the students write down only the numbers in two columns: together Not- and separately Not
1) unfulfilled order;
2) the forest is not coniferous;
3) an indignant look;
4) the windows are not washed;
5) not happy about the meeting;
6) there was no;
7) he is not feeling well;
8) the ring is not gold;
9) not easy to decide;
10) is far from an easy matter;
11) very carelessly;
12) unmown meadow;
13) without looking around;
14) despite the circumstances.
Answer is written like this:
together: 1, 3, 7, 9, 11, 12, 14;
separately: 2, 4, 5, 6, 8, 10, 13.
2. Attention task which simultaneously develops the ability to distinguish between participles and adjectives.
Write down only the numbers adjectives, who are without Not not used:
1) unfinished novel;
2) leisurely;
3) unsightly;
4) not involved;
5) careless;
6) immature;
7) clumsy;
8) irreversible.
Now remember the rest of the words from the list that Not are always written together (training auditory memory).
3. Determine by ear whether it is Not part of the root of a noun or a prefix without which the word cannot be used:
2) slob;
3) weakness;
4) hatred;
6) nectar.
4. Choose synonyms for the words and write down only them: inattention, illiteracy, mistrust, unhappiness, independence. A Now remember and write down the noun with Not, which was dictated to you.
5. Choose antonyms with Not to the words (by ear) and write down only them: slavery– ..., opponent -..., concentration - ..., dirty - ..., neat– ..., close – ..., lie – ..., low– ....
6. Form participles from verbs (by ear) and write down only those (paired with a verb) that are written with Not together:
not to grab, not to dirty, to be indignant, not to listen,
not to hear, to be perplexed, to be tender, to bask.
How do you write Not with a verb in sentences:
I'm missing 100 rubles
Am I missing 100 thousand?
7. Form participles from verbs (if possible) and write only them in two columns (jointly and separately):
not to see, to hate, not to rush, not to rush,
not to do, not to do, to be indignant, to be perplexed,
not to notice, not to notice, to rage,
don’t ask, don’t ask, (he) isn’t feeling well,
itching, to overlook (someone).
From what verbs is it impossible to form gerunds?
(After completing the last two exercises, the children have in their notebooks a list of almost all verbs and gerunds that, without Not are not used).
VII. Exercise to restore deformed text for consolidation.
Correct any mistakes made in the text.
And since their corner was almost deserted, there was nowhere to get the latest news about what was happening in this world: the transporters with wooden utensils lived only twenty miles away and knew little more than them. There was nothing even to compare their lives with: whether they live well or not; whether they are rich or poor.
Happy people lived thinking that it shouldn’t and couldn’t be any other way, confident that everyone else lived exactly the same way and that living differently was a sin.
In the last five years, out of several hundred souls, not one has died, let alone a violent death, or even a natural death.
And if someone fell into eternal sleep from old age or from some long-standing illness, then for a long time afterward they could not bear such an unusual case.
Once, however, he was found lying behind the outskirts in a ditch, near the bridge, apparently, a man who had lagged behind the passing artel.
The men did not dare to come close. The passerby made a movement to raise his head, but could not: he, apparently, was not healthy or very tired.
And everyone went to the village, telling the old people that the person lying there was not from here and was not saying anything.
“Not from here, don’t touch it!” - said the old people .
(According to I.A. Goncharov)
VIII. Write a dictation.
THE BOYS ARE LOST
The boys did not recognize the forest. He seemed to have changed. Wrong trees, wrong swamps, wrong grass. Some strange flowers are visible, they weren’t there before. And instead of a road there is an unknown river. They jumped out to the edge and gasped. Again there was nothing like familiar terrain. Neither mountains nor villages, as if they had fallen through the ground. The sun has set. But they were not at all ready for sunset. The darkness in the forest was pitch-black, but they were walking straight ahead, not making out the road, and it was impossible to make out. They saw no more of each other. Suddenly Kolya became wary and shuddered. A long, subtle sound came from the left side. They rushed to the left. Their legs carried them uncontrollably through stumps, swamps, and bushes. But still nothing was heard except the sound of the wind and the rustling of the rain. Both were trembling and rubbing their hands on their knees as they walked.
(According to N. Timkovsky)
(130 words)
LITERATURE
1. Bogdanova G.A."Russian language lessons in 8th grade."
2. Akhremenkova L.A."Towards A, step by step."
3. Konovalova L.F. Russian language. Support diagrams. Exercises. M., 2005.
O.P. ECHINA,
Moscow
The question of how to spell “not” with adjectives is quite complex, since choosing the correct option will depend on many factors, and there are exceptions. In the article we will present systematized data that will allow you to better understand spelling rules and apply the acquired knowledge in practice. Let's consider when “not” is written together and when separately with adjectives. Examples will also be presented.
Continuous writing options
“Not” is written together with adjectives in the following cases:
1. When a word without this morpheme is not used at all. For example, careless, nondescript (after all, there are no words “careless”, “disgusting”).
2. If the adjective can be replaced with some synonym that does not contain “not”. For example, sad (sad); unmarried (single). It should be borne in mind that it is not always possible to find a synonym without “not”; in this case, it is permissible to clarify the adjective with some expression close in meaning. For example, non-feminine strength (that is, similar to male strength); non-childish thoughtfulness (that is, the same as in adults).
Separate writing option
“Not” is written separately with adjectives if:
1. There is a contrast. Thus, in sentences where one part of speech is contrasted with another using the conjunction “a,” the adjective with “not” will be written separately. This rule applies to both long and short forms. For example, it is not interesting, but boring; not sincere, but feigned.
This prescription also applies when there is no explicit opposition, but it is implied. Here's an example. We are not observing ordinary weather (that is, not ordinary, but exceptional). Please note that the meaning in such sentences can be interpreted in different ways. Compare two options:
- This is not a difficult question (...but a simple one, that is, you do not think that the question is difficult).
- This is not a difficult question (that is, easy).
Exception
Many people think about how “not” is written with adjectives in sentences where there is opposition, but not with the conjunction “a”, but with the conjunction “but”. Doubts arise for good reason, because, indeed, such a case is an exception, and the adjective in this situation will be written with “not” together. The fact is that the conjunction “but” performs a different function in a sentence: we also see two signs, but the second of them exists both simultaneously with the first, and as if in spite of it. Here are some examples:
- The question is not simple, but complex.
- The issue is not simple, but solvable (yes, it is not simple, but it can still be solved).
2. There is a denial of some quality or property. So, they are written with “not” separately characterizing a permanent property of an object. It is also possible to select a contrast for them. For example, the spoons are not steel (...but silver); honey is not linden (...but flower).
As for how “not” is written with adjectives that characterize the quality of an object, there are some nuances here. Separately, you should write “not” with qualitative parts of speech that denote color. In combination with this particle, such adjectives express insufficient manifestation or absence of quality. For example, the shade is not blue; the paint is not yellow.
3. There is an underlined statement. If in an interrogative or simply emotionally charged sentence an adjective expresses an underlined statement, then it will be written separately with “not”. Such a sentence can be mentally supplemented with an answer. Let's give examples.
- Who doesn't know this movie! - Yes, he is known to everyone.
- Isn't this clear without explanation? - Yes it is clear.
Spelling “not” with adjectives if there are explanatory words
1. If explanatory words such as “not at all”, “at all”, “far” are used, the adjective with “not” is written separately. The same applies to cases where adverbs starting with “neither” are used (for example, not at all) and some negative pronouns (for example, no one). For example, not a dependent woman at all; far from a close path; It's not a sad film at all.
The same rule applies to adjectives ending in “-my”. For example, incomparable to anyone; not dependent at all.
Exception
If the function is more reminiscent of a noun, that is, it is not dependent on the adjective, but, on the contrary, is explained by it, then “not” is written together with the word. For example, I haven't done anything illegal.
2. If there are other explanatory words besides those listed in the first paragraph, “not” with the adjective is also written together. Let's give examples.
- You made a remark that was inappropriate in this situation (that is, the remark is not appropriate - a negative sign is asserted).
- These are words that we do not understand (that is, we do not understand the words).
- This is an unsuitable place for games (that is, the place is not suitable for games).
The rule also applies to adjectives ending in “-my”, such as waterproof, independent, incorrigible, fireproof, indestructible, etc., including their short forms. Let's give examples.
- He set a previously unimaginable record.
- Our state is economically independent.
3. When next to an adjective there is an adverb of degree or measure (for example, extremely, almost, very, extremely, very, etc.), it will be written together with “not”. For example: a very unlucky day; very ugly behavior.
If the adverbs “at all” and “at all” are used as explanatory words, there are two possible spelling options for the adjective with “not”. It will be written together if the explanatory word is given in the meaning of “completely”, “very”, “absolutely”, and separately - if it means “not at all”, “not at all”, etc. Compare the examples:
- It was a completely uninteresting performance (statement: yes, not interesting at all).
- It was not a kind look at all (denial: no, not at all kind).
comparative
If you come across a combination of the particle “not” and an adjective that has a meaning, pay attention to the meaning of the statement - the spelling will depend on this. For clarity, here are some examples:
- This picture is not more beautiful than that (that is, it is not more beautiful than the other).
- This picture is uglier than that (that is, less beautiful than the other).
And further…
Adjectives like bigger, smaller, better, worse are written with “not” separately. Examples:
- He continued to work with no less tenacity.
- The test did not reveal the best results.
Finally
Now you know how to spell “not” with adjectives. And, as you probably already noticed, there are quite a lot of nuances in this matter. To choose the right option, sometimes it is not enough just to remember the rule; you also need to be able to reason logically and correctly determine the meaning of the statement.
We often encounter the problem of merging and separate writing of particles " Not" And " neither"with other words. The easiest rule to understand and remember here is that:
1. The particle “not” is written together with all words that are not used without “not”(fable, unsociable, ignorant, ridiculous, dislike, be perplexed, impossible, really). In other cases, writing " Not» is subject to the following rules.
2. With verbs and gerunds, the particle “not” is always written separately, except:
- cases specified in the first rule;
- prefixes are under-in verbs that mean “insufficient action” (undernourished, undercooked, underripe).
Note. Not to be confused with verbs with the prefix do- and the particle " Not”, denoting “unfinished action” (not finishing a book, not finishing a movie).
3. With nouns, the particle “not” is written together:
- if for a word with “not” you can find a synonym without this particle (untruth - lie, foe - enemy). Note: it is not always possible to find an exact synonym, but the affirmative connotation of the meaning of the word indicates a consistent spelling.
- when forming a word denoting persons with the meaning of opposition (professionals - non-professionals, Russian - non-Russian);
apart:
- when there is or should be, in meaning, a contrast with the conjunction a (not a friend, but an enemy, not happiness, but grief);
- if a word with " Not" means not people (elephants are not elephants, a story is not a story, cold is not cold).
Note. Exceptions are words-terms that are written together: metals - non-metals.
4. With adjectives, the particle “not” is written together:
- if you can replace the adjective with " Not" is a synonym without this particle (unmarried - single, unfriendly - hostile, short - low). Note: it is not always possible to find an exact synonym, but the affirmative connotation of the meaning of the word indicates a consistent spelling.
apart:
- when there is or should be, in meaning, a contrast with the conjunction “a” (not bitter, but sweet; not affectionate, but rude);
- if the adjective is relative (the vase is not crystal, the chain is not silver) or qualitative, denoting color (the sea is not blue, the towel is not yellow);
- (not a shortcut at all, far from useless advice);
- if the particle " Not” is emphasized in an interrogative sentence (Isn’t this statement true? - Is this statement false?);
- if the adjective is written with a hyphen (not commercial and industrial enterprises).
Note 1. Short adjectives are written with " Not”, just like the complete ones from which they are produced (incurable disease - the disease is incurable, the person is not smart, but stupid - the person is not smart, but stupid);
Note 2. If a short adjective does not have a full form, then it will always be written separately with the particle " Not"(he is not happy to meet).
5. With adverbs, the particle “not” is written together:
- if the adverb ends in -o, and it can be replaced with a word similar in meaning (unhappy - sad, not high - low);
- if the adverb is formed from a pronoun (nowhere, nowhere, no time, nowhere);
Apart:
- when there is or should be, in meaning, a contrast with the conjunction “a” (not bad, but good, not weak, but strong);
- when strengthening negation with explanatory words such as “not at all”, “not at all”, “not at all”(not at all difficult to do, being nearby is far from accidental)
- with adverbs in a comparative degree (to work no worse than others, to receive no more than others);
- if the adverb is written with a hyphen (to act unfriendly, to dress unsuitably).
Note 1.“Not” with the following adverbs is written separately: not today, not at all, not like that, not otherwise, not quite, not here, not really.
Note 2."Not"
“is written separately with adverbial expressions: not good, not according to the gut, not in moderation, not in a hurry, not by hand, not to taste, not as an example.
6. With participles “not” is written together:
- if the participle is complete and there are no words dependent on it (undried laundry, an unturned book, an unwashed floor)
Note. With explanatory words denoting the degree of quality, “not” is written together with the participle: (an extremely rash decision, a completely inappropriate example, but: an example that is completely inappropriate to the rule)
apart:
- if the participle is complete and has dependent words (These works remained unpublished during the writer’s lifetime);
- with short participles (the debt is not paid, the fire is not lit);
- when there is or should be, in meaning, a contrast with the conjunction “a” (not printed, but handwritten text, not a fictional, but a real story).
7. The particles “not” and “nor” with negative pronouns are written together(there is no one to ask, there is nothing to be surprised at, no one is forgotten) with everyone else separately (not me, not everyone, neither me nor you).
8. The particle “ni” is also written together with some adverbs(not at all, not at all, nowhere, not at all).
With all other parts of speech, the particle “ni” is written separately.
76. Spelling particles NOT with different parts of speech, NOT and NI.
1. Written separately:
- particles would(b), same(g), whether(l) (would have read, would have gone, the same),
- particles here, after all, they say, as if, etc. (He's not from here. You know that!);
2. Written with a hyphen:
- particles of something, something, either, -ka, -de, -s, -tka, -tko, -yes (yes, someone, give it to him, enough),
Spelling particles NOT with different parts of speech
| Part of speech |
apart |
|
| 1. if without is not used (ignorant, adversity), |
1. if there is or is implied opposition; not a friend, but an enemy), |
|
| 1. if the base is not used (careless, nondescript). |
1. if there is or is implied opposition with the conjunction a (not big, small), |
|
| with indefinite and negative pronouns without prepositions (several, no one, something) |
always written separately (not three, not seventh) |
|
| pronoun | with other categories of pronouns (not in my class, not on our floor) | |
| if without it is not used (to hate, to be perplexed) |
with all other verbs (not to know, to cry |
|
| if without not not used (hating, perplexed) |
with all other participles (not knowing, for crying) |
|
| participle |
| having given communion |
if full participles do not have dependent words with them (unattended student) |
1 . if full participles have dependent words (a student who did not arrive on time), |
| 1 . if without is not used (ridiculously, carelessly), |
1. adverbs ending in -o, -e, if there is or implies opposition (not funny, but sad), |
Tasks and tests on the topic "Spelling particles NOT with different parts of speech, NOT and NI."
- Particle as a functional part of speech - Particle 7th grade
- Particles - Morphology. Functional parts of speech grade 10
Lessons: 1 Assignments: 9 Tests: 1
